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Lau, Ka-ping, i 劉家平. "International banking and international banking centres: a case study on Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263252.
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Marchenko, Andrey Alexandrovich, i Андрій Олександрович Марченко. "S.W.I..F.T. international banking system". Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51707.
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1. SWIFT: как это работает [Електронний ресурс] – Режим доступу:
https://money.inguru.ru/navigator/stat_chto_takoe_swift
2.Платежная система SWIFT - что это такое[Електронний ресурс] – Режим доступу: https://investim.guru/wiki/swift
3. Глобальная межбанковская система SWIFT[Електронний ресурс] – Режим доступу:https://journal.openbroker.ru/economy/globalnayamezhbankovskaya-sistema-swift/This article discloses the role of the well-known providers of financial communications which is SWIFT international banking system. Indeed, the economies of a single country and the world economy namely depends on the SWIFT system. The SWIFT system is a widespread computer networks that was created on the initiative of financial organizations. Its the abbreviation comes from the English company Society of Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications. In the 1970s payments were made using the out of date telegraph technology Telex. But, day by day, turnover increased, so in 1973, 239 banks from 15 countries have merged and created financial organization. It’s SWIFT whose headquarter are located in Belgium.
В даній статті розкривається роль відомого провайдера фінансових комунікацій, яким є міжнародна банківська система SWIFT. Адже від системи SWIFT залежить не тільки економіка окремої країни, а й світова економіка. Система SWIFT - це широко поширені комп'ютерні мережі, які були створені з ініціативи фінансових організацій. Її абревіатура походить від англійського Society of Worldwide Interbank Financial телекомунікацій. У 1970-х роках платежі здійснювалися за допомогою застарілої телеграфної технології Telex. Але, з кожним днем, обороти росли, тому в 1973 році 239 банків з 15 країн об'єдналися і створили фінансову організацію. це SWIFT, штаб-квартира якої знаходиться в Бельгії.
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Trimarchi, Lorenzo. "Essays in International Trade and Banking". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/276459.
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This thesis consists of three chapters. The first two are regarding the political economy of international trade, the third is about empirical banking.Chapter 1 is titled "Suspiciously Timed Trade Disputes" and it is the result a joint work with Paola Conconi, David DeRemer, Georg Kirchsteiger, and Maurzio Zanardi. This Chapter is already published in the Volume 105 of the Journal of International Economics and it shows that electoral incentives crucially affect the initiation of trade disputes. Focusing on WTO disputes filed by the United States during the 1995-2014 period, we find that U.S. presidents are more likely to initiate a dispute in the year preceding their re-election. Moreover, U.S. trade disputes are more likely to involve industries that are important in swing states. To explain these regularities, we develop a theoretical model in which re-election motives can lead an incumbent politician to file trade disputes to appeal to voters motivated by reciprocity. The second chapter, titled "Trade Policy and the China Syndrome", analyzes how trade policy can be used to smooth the effects of trade liberalizations. The recent backlash against free trade is partially motivated by the decline in manufacturing employment due to rising import competition from China. Politicians in high-income countries have extensively used antidumping (AD) measures and other temporary trade barriers to protect their economies from rising Chinese imports. To estimate the causal effect of trade protection on industry outcomes, I construct a new instrument for AD measures based on the importance of an industry in swing states and the industry's experience at filing AD petitions. In this paper, I first show that trade policy contained the rise of Chinese imports in protected sectors, decreasing the annual growth rate of US imports from China in a range between 3% and 14% compared to the non-protected sectors. Second, I show that these protectionist measures have contained the "China Syndrome". In manufacturing sectors protected by AD measures, the annual growth rate of employment was between 2% and 24% higher compared to non-protected sectors. I find that previous studies that neglect the moderating impact of AD have underestimated the negative effects of Chinese import competition on US manufacturing employment by between 5% and 15%.The third chapter, titled "Bank Lending Standards and Credit to Firms during the Great Recession", is a joint work with Lorenzo Ricci and Giovanni Soggia. This chapter investigates the impact of unforeseen shifts in lending standards on firm credit in Italy on the onset of the Great Recession, using data from the Regional Bank Lending Survey to disentangle the effects of loan supply and demand.We combine our measure of change in bank supply with bank-firm loans retrieved from the credit register. Our proposed empirical strategy presents several benefits: it allows us to (i) estimate the impact of credit supply in the absence of an exogenous shock to banks, (ii) analyze credit policy throughout the sample period, and (iii) disentangle the effect of geographical heterogeneity within Italy using the rich information from our survey data. The effect of supply shocks differs across types of loans. A firm with a revocable credit line from a bank that tightens its lending standards suffers a reduction in credit growth more than if it had borrowed from a bank with unchanged lending standard. On the extensive margin, a supply shock decreases the acceptance probability of a new loan with a pronounced effect for term loans.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Nahhas, Abdulkader. "Essays in international finance and banking". Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13160.
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In this thesis financial movements are considered in terms of foreign direct investment (FDI) and a related way to international banking. In Chapter 2 FDI is analysed in terms of the major G7 economies. Then this is further handled in Chapter 3 in terms of bilateral FDI (BFDI) data related to a broader group of economies and a main mode of analysis the Gravity model. Gravity models are then used in Chapter 4 to analyse bilateral cross border lending in a similar way. While the exchange rate effect is handled in terms of volatility and measured using models of conditional variance. The analysis focused on the bilateral data pays attention to the breakdown of crises across the whole period. With further consideration made of the Euro zone in terms of the study of BFDI and cross border lending. The initial study looks at the determinants of the inflow and outflow of stocks of FDI in the G7 economies for the period 1980-2011. A number of factors, such as research and development (R&D), openness and relative costs are shown to be important, but the main focus is on the impact of the real and nominal effective exchange rate volatility. Where nominal and real exchange rate volatility are measured using a model of generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) to explain the variance. Although the impact of volatility is theoretically ambiguous inflows are generally negatively affected by increased volatility, whilst there is some evidence outflows increase when volatility rises. In Chapter 3, the effect of bilateral exchange rate volatility is analysed using BFDI stocks, from 14 high income countries to all the OECD countries over the period 1995-2012. This is done using annual panel data with a gravity model. The empirical analysis applies the generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator to a gravity model of BFDI stocks. The findings imply that exports, GDP and distance are key variables that follow from the Gravity model. This study considers the East Asian, global financial markets and systemic banking crises have exerted an impact on BFDI. These effects vary by the type and origin of the crisis, but are generally negative. A high degree of exchange rate volatility discourages BFDI. Chapter 4 considers the determinants of cross-border banking activity from 19 advanced countries to the European Union (EU) over the period 1999-2014. Bilateral country-level stock data on cross-border lending is examined. The data allows us to analyse the effect of financial crises – differentiated by type: systemic banking crises, the global financial crisis, the Euro debt crisis and the Lehman Brothers crisis on the geography of cross-border lending. The problem is analysed using quarterly panel data with a Gravity model. The empirical "Gravity" model conditioned on distance and size measured by GDP is a benchmark in explaining the volume of cross border banking activities. In addition to the investigation of the impact of crises further comparison is made by investigating the impact of European integration on cross-border banking activities between member states. These results are robust to various econometric methodologies, samples, and institutional characteristics.
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Park, Kwangwoo. "Essays in banking and international corporate governance". Full text available, 2003. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/park.pdf.
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Valiente, L. Carolina. "International corporate banking : strategies, operations and evolution". Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398325.
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Gülsen, Eda. "Essays on banking, international finance and monetary policy". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671421.
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This thesis contributes to the empirical literature that analyses the link between banking, international finance and monetary policy. It studies several micro-level supervisory databases, each crucial for identification. The first chapter shows that global liquidity limits the effectiveness of local monetary policy on credit markets. The mechanism is via a bank carry trade in international markets when local monetary policy tightens. The second chapter shows that unhedged foreign currency debt entails a risk that permeates the economy, not only affecting firms holding unhedged foreign currency debt adversely, but also other firms connected to foreign currency indebted firms. Firms connected to foreign-currency indebted
firms experience binding tightening in bank credit supply, lower firm-to firm trade, and more adverse real outcomes. The third chapter shows that forward guidance policies of Fed and ECB have spillovers in emerging markets’ credit cycles. The mechanism is via banks’ foreign currency cross-border liabilities.Esta tesis contribuye a la literatura empírica que analiza el vínculo entre banca, finanzas internacionales y política monetaria. Estudia varias bases de datos de supervisión a nivel micro, cada una de las cuales es crucial para la identificación. El primer capítulo muestra que la liquidez global limita la efectividad de la política monetaria local en los mercados crediticios. El mecanismo es a través de un carry trade bancario en los mercados internacionales cuando la política monetaria local se endurece. El segundo capítulo muestra que la deuda en moneda extranjera sin cobertura conlleva un riesgo que permea la economía, no solo afectando negativamente a las empresas que tienen deuda en moneda extranjera sin cobertura, sino también a otras empresas vinculadas a empresas endeudadas en moneda extranjera. Las empresas conectadas con empresas endeudadas en moneda extranjera experimentan un endurecimiento vinculante en la oferta de crédito bancario, un menor comercio entre empresas y resultados más adversos. El tercer capítulo muestra que las estrategias de forward guidance por parte de la Fed y el BCE tienen efectos de contagio en los ciclos crediticios de los mercados emergentes. El mecanismo es a través de los pasivos transfronterizos en moneda extranjera de los bancos.
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Beermann, Peter. "Topics in multinational banking and international industrial organization". Diss., kostenfrei, 2008. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8521/.
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Rey, Helene. "Essays on international currencies and exchange rates". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300666.
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Pedrono, Justine. "Banking stability and currency diversification". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0283/document.
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La crise financière de 2008 a mis en exergue l'instabilité financière des banques en identifiant le caractère procyclique du levier bancaire, la sous-capitalisation des banques, et la nécessité de définir une nouvelle régulation bancaire. La dimension internationale des activités bancaires et l'identification des banques globales complètent ce constat. Les banques européennes, par leurs expositions aux marchés financiers américains, sont diversifiées internationalement: une part de leurs actifs et de leurs dettes est libellée en dollar américain. Le taux de change flottant entre le dollar et l'euro introduit un effet de valorisation et un risque de change qui impactent la stabilité bancaire. Cette thèse étudie l'impact de la diversification internationale des bilans bancaires sur la procyclicité du levier, sur la structure du capital, et sur la volatilité de capital. Quatre chapitres combinent des travaux théoriques et empiriques. Le premier chapitre analyse l'impact théorique de la diversification sur la procyclicité du levier. Le chapitre 2 utilise des données bancaires françaises entre 1999 et 2015 et montre un impact positif. Dans le chapitre 3, les mêmes données sont utilisées afin d'estimer l'impact de la diversification sur la structure du capital. L'introduction de cette dimension est déterminante dans le cadre de cette analyse. Enfin, le chapitre 4 élargit la problématique en reliant l'intégration internationale, la diversification et la volatilité du capital. Nous identifions les différentes sources de risque et nous montrons que la banque peut bénéficier d'un régime de change flottant et d'une diversification internationaleThe 2008 financial crisis has rekindled discussions on the financial stability of banks by identifying the procyclical behavior of banking leverage, the lack of capital in banks' balance sheet and the necessity of introducing a new regulatory framework. It has also highlighted the international dimension of banking activities and the identification of global banks. The significant exposure to the US financial markets leads to an international diversification of European global banks where part of their assets and liabilities are denominated in US dollar. The floating exchange rate regime between the US dollar and the euro then implies a foreign exchange risk and a valuation effect that would affect banking stability. The purpose of thesis is to study the impact of international diversification of bank’s balance sheet on leverage procyclicality, capital structure and equity volatility. I develop four chapters combining theoretical and empirical research. The first chapter analyses the theoretical impact of currency diversification on leverage procyclicality. Chapter 2 uses innovative data on banks located in France from 1999 to 2015 and shows that the relationship is positive. In the third chapter, we use our data to estimate the impact of international diversification on capital structure and we show that introducing this new dimension is determinant to the capital structure. Finally, chapter 4 enlarges the analysis to international integration, diversification and equity volatility. I identify all risk channels a bank supports and show that banks can benefit from both floating foreign exchange regime and international diversification
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Goddard, Michael John. "Foreign exchange risk management in U.K. international companies". Thesis, University of Bath, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259947.
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Seatzu, Francesco. "Insurance in private international law : a European perspective". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364461.
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Kammel, Armin J. "The law of international banking institutions : a comparative analysis /". Vienna : Mille Tre, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/494675012.pdf.
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Gebregiorgis, Bekele Sinkie. "Essays in the international economics of credit and banking". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115643.
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This dissertation is entitled "Essays in the International Economics of Credit and Banking". It comprises three essays. The first essay develops an empirical model of international credit with moral hazard and the risk of repudiation to examine (i) the determinants of the intertemporal and cross-national variations in credit ceilings and (ii) the channels through which output attracts foreign credit. It reports that productivity is the most important variable in attracting credit, followed by education, and then physical capital. Furthermore, international trade, country financial risk ratings, and geography explain more than 60% of the cross-national variations in credit ceiling. Therefore, international relations and investment in education and productivity-enhancing institutions are crucial in attracting foreign credit.The second essay develops open-economy variants of the old Friedman-Schwartz and the new Lucas-Sargent-Wallace monetarist models to investigate the puzzle of monetary neutrality. The essay further introduces financial aggregation theories into the models. It studies the theoretical and business-cycle relationships between real output and financial aggregates, interest rates, exchange rate, and prices using Canadian quarterly data for the period 1959: 1 to 2002: 1. It reports that the open-economy variants of the monetarist models with aggregation-theoretic financial aggregates perform the best in producing significant sign patterns that are predicted by theory. Furthermore, Monte Carlo experiments show that large percentage of real output variance is explained by shocks to aggregation-theoretic financial aggregates relative to other variables. Thus, there is no difference between the effects of anticipated and unanticipated monetary shocks.
The third essay examines the appropriate formulation of the monetary aggregate for the Nigerian economy for the period 1970:1-2000:4 for the determination of real output. This examination covers simple sum, variable elasticity of substitution (ves), and divisia (dv) aggregation over currency, demand deposits, and savings deposits. The user cost of liquid assets is employed in the construction of both the dv and the yes aggregates. Using maximum likelihood estimation technique, the essay reports that, for the Nigerian economy, currency does as well as or better than any narrow- or broad-money measure in explaining industrial production. Further, the simple sum m1 and m2 outperformed both the yes and dv aggregates. Therefore, monetary policy in Nigeria should focus on the supply of currency and/or of narrow money, rather than on broad money or the divisia aggregates.
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Gugler, Klaus, i Evgeni Peev. "The persistence of profits in banking: an international comparison". Taylor&Francis Group, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6415/1/00036846.2018.pdf.
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This article examines the dynamics of bank profitability in the USA, Germany, Great Britain,
France, Italy and Switzerland over the period 1993-2014. We find long-run bank profit persistence
in all six countries in the period before the financial crisis in 2008. Banks with large capital
ratios are persistently more profitable, and there is little evidence of a link between bank size and
the persistence of bank profits. Commercial (saving) banks are persistently more (less) profitable
in four of the six countries. The effects of the financial crisis in 2008 differed dramatically across
countries as well as across ownership types. While US banks experienced dramatic declines in the
immediate aftermath of the crisis, they recovered much faster than their European counterparts
and essentially retain their long run profit potential by the year 2014.
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Memela, Veli. "Flexible replication as a model of international expansion". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40068.
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There is increasing interest by businesses worldwide to expand their operations into emerging markets. Several African businesses are also determined to have their share of the growing market opportunities in Africa currently targeted by foreign multinationals. This increasing interest in international expansion invites analysis of business models that allow businesses to thrive in spite of the known challenges of doing business in a foreign market. Against this backdrop, the research aimed to establish why internationalising firms should achieve high degrees of similarity of business operations, whilst taking advantage of benefits of local adaption, and how these firms can achieve this replication-adaptation balance.
The research was undertaken as a comparative two case-study, with the aim of understanding the benefits of adopting flexible replication as a model for international expansion, the optimal mix of fixed and variable elements of a business model of an internationalising firm, and the circumstances and the timing of adopting the model. A qualitative research approach was adopted, comprising documentary research, eight semi-structured interviews with senior managers of the companies in the banking and retail sectors, and observations. The different sources of data were used to triangulate the findings.
The study found that internationalising firms that achieve high degrees of similarity of business operation, whilst taking advantage of benefits of local adaptation realise higher performance. Furthermore, the research showed that internationalising firms can achieve an optimal flexible replication by fixing the elements of the business model that are affected by integration pressures and allowing the elements that are affected by the responsiveness pressures to vary. The study recommended that, internationalising firms should consider transactional completeness pressures, when configuring their business models. The study also confirmed that internationalising firms having clarity of their winning attributes design a flexible replication model prior to operating in a foreign market.A model that encapsulates the key findings of this study was also developed.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
mngibs2014
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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McConnell, Patrick J. "Information technology for market risk management in international banks". Thesis, Henley Business School, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320861.
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Jotikasthira, Chotibhak. "Three essays on international term structures and bond markets". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3358925.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Kelley School of Business, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Feb. 8, 2010). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-05, Section: A, page: 1703. Adviser: Robert Jennings.
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Gai, Prasanna S. "Private capital flows & the international debt problem : a theoretical study". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308814.
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Serra, Ana Paula de Sousa Freitas Madureira. "Tests of international capital market integration : evidence from emerging stock markets". Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312308.
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Walker, George Alexander. "International banking supervision : a critical examination of the Basle Committee framework". Thesis, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252484.
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Harris, Peter Andrew. "International aspects of the imputation form of corporate income tax systems". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364541.
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Horta, Korinna. "The politics of policy and practice : international financial institutions and biodiversity". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2000. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29012/.
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This thesis is concerned with the accountability of public international financial institutions to their constituencies at global and local geographic scales. It investigates the compliance of the World Bank and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) with their own environmental and social policies as they relate to biodiversity protection. While the World Bank and the GEF pursue a global environmental agenda, their environmental and social policies commit the institutions to building bridges between the global and the local levels by requiring the participation of locally affected communities in decision-making. The study investigates the compliance with the policies in a specific geographic, political and economic space. Cameroon was chosen because both institutions consider the country's biodiversity to be of global significance and are financing operations which have indirect and direct impacts on its biodiversity. The operations investigated include World Bank macro-economic policy advice and traditional investments in infrastructure projects as well as a GEF project specifically designed to protect biodiversity. The central finding of this research is that the institutions comply only partially and in an uneven manner with their own mandatory policy guidelines. In order to mitigate the risk of studying the institutions' operations in only one country and to ascertain possible systemic patterns of institutional behaviour, the results of the case studies are contrasted with the institutions internal evaluation reports covering their overall portfolios. A political ecology approach to international financial institutions is used to examine the political factors behind the emergence of the institutions' biodiversity agenda and the implementation of their operational policies. Analytical tools from both political science and the areas of sociology and economics concerned with theory of organization are employed to further the understanding of the functioning of the global institutions. Finally, the thesis seeks to contribute to defining the characteristics of global institutions which can mediate between the global and local levels by creating spaces of negotiation in which a plurality of views are taken into account.
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Xiu, Zhijun. "International competitiveness of China's banking industry : a multi-dimensional examination". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/international-competitiveness-of-chinas-banking-industry-a-multidimensional-examination(c7e70bad-7a5d-4f01-bdc0-8670afb05a9e).html.
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Accompanying the globalisation of the world economy and the internationalisation of Chinese CBs, the research in terms of the international competitiveness of the CBI and Chinese CBs has become urgent and significant. The motivations and targets of this research are to understand the status quo of international competitiveness of the CBI and Chinese CBs; to recognise the actual gap in the aspects of international competitiveness between Chinese CBs and the Western advanced CBs; to find out the issues and main causes that existed in and determined the international competitiveness of Chinese CBs; and to work out the approaches to solve the issues and boost the international competitiveness of the CBI and Chinese CBs. According to the analyses of the international background, domestic context and specific situation, and the review of previous relevant literatures in terms of the international competitiveness and international competitiveness of CB, the general framework of this research is based on the fundamental theory – New Institutional Economics (NIE), especially the Institutional Change Theory (ICT), and applied four key factors – Business Scale, Profitability, Asset Quality and Overseas Business Margin, as well as some necessary macro and micro -specific determinants, to multi-dimensionally examine and comprehensivelyevaluate the real level of international competitiveness of the CBI and some Chinese CBs during the last three decades, in particular during the last decade since 2003. This basic framework established the theoretical foundation for this research; it is the general framework that is jointly consisted of the constitution, determinants and evaluation sub-frameworks of international competitiveness of CB. In this research, the international competitiveness of CB mainly includes: Business Scale International Competitiveness, Profitability International Competitiveness, Soundness International Competitiveness and Overseas Business International Competitiveness. These four aspects of international competitiveness of CB can be all measured by relative indicators that can be calculated through relative financial data; thus, the international competitiveness of CB could be then synthetically, directly andexternally evaluated and reflected. Basically, the determined framework of international competitiveness of CB is referred to reveal how the international competiveness of CB is determined. According to the value theory of dialectical-materialism, object development is decided by its internal and external causes; therefore, in this research, the scale, management, technology and international administration are considered as the major internal factors to determine the international competitiveness of CB, while the governmental functions, horizontal industrial competition, market supply and demands, and industrial trend at home and abroad are suggested as themajor external factors to reflect the international competitiveness of CB. Based on the determined framework and the internal-external cause theory, as well as considering the cross-border competition as the mainstream of the international competition for CBs, it can be seen that the deciding model and evaluation model are combined together to set up the overall models for evaluating and reflecting the international competitiveness of China’s CBs. According to the results calculated by the models, the separate and joint evaluations are made to jointly estimate the real level of international competitiveness of Chinese CBs; then the internal and external critical analyses are taken into consideration to reveal how the internal and external major factors reflect and influence the international competitiveness of CBI. Finally, a set of approaches in terms of how to further improve and boost the internationalcompetitiveness of the CBI and Chinese CBs are accordingly suggested. The findings of this research present that the historical evolution of China’s banking is fundamentally driven by the institutional changes and the shifts of administrative ideologies of the CCP; and intrinsically influenced by the dominant culture of Confucianism in China. The international competitiveness of the CBI has been increasingly improving, in particular since 2003; the development of the CBI has been actually always adhering to the reform and opening-up guideline in terms of “Crossing the River by Touching the Stones”, and the internationalisation of the CBI has been mostly suggested to insist on a strategy of “Incremental Approach”, which also represents the Way of the Golden Mean (Zhong Yong Zhi Dao) of Confucian ideology and acting philosophy. According to the evaluation results, Chinese CBs hold a very strong IC on the Business Scale and Home-base Profitability; their Soundness IC has bee also hugely improved; however, if comparing with their foreign advanced peers, such like HSBC and JP Morgan etc., their overseas business IC has been relatively much weaker; this means that the internationalisation of CBI and Chinese CB still has a long way to go to strategically catch up and explore. Additionally, other sense of the banking industry is also highly recognised. The real essence of China’s banking reform has been eventually designed by the elites and ultimately influenced by the special interest groups. The fundamental issues of the banking sector have been not completely handled; the financial ecology of the banking business has been one of the greatest factors for the banking performance; the international competitiveness of Chinese CBs has been mostly country-specific and home-based; and the whole banking system has been seemingly-seriously captured by the housing market and the municipal platform debts; hence, these huge potential operating risks have been seriously concerned. Conclusively, the international competitiveness of Chinese CBs would have been significantly damaged if the banking industry could not be further improve the regulatory regime, optimise the business environment, reform the corporate governance structure, consummate the operational system; and work out the deep and ingenerate issues such as lending mechanism, profitability model, risk management, technological innovation, political intervention, internationalising strategy, etc. Even though this researcher has taken great efforts to make his own contributions in this project, the findings and conclusions are still thought to be not sophisticate and significant enough; hence, further research of this specific theme will be more deepening and focusing, in particular on the improvement of the research methodology, the data collection and the financial ecology of the CBI.
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Luo, Y. "The impact of financial liberalisation on bank performance : international evidence on efficiency and productivity". Thesis, Coventry University, 2014. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/c55cb429-5314-4c91-bd30-782fbc3837bd/1.
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This thesis provides international evidence relating to the impact of financial liberalisation on banking sector performance. Compared to a large number of studies linking financial liberalisation to economic growth and financial fragility, there is relatively little research at the international level linking financial liberalisation to banking sector efficiency and productivity. The research contributes to the literature by making a systematic, cross-country empirical investigation using domestic and international measures of financial liberalisation and evaluates their impact on bank efficiency and productivity by applying a combination of frontier estimation methods, dynamic panel data regressions and Granger causality techniques. The evidence is based on the use of bank-level accounting data and country-level economic data for a sample of 1536 commercial banks covering 88 countries over the period 2000 to 2009. Apart from using the global frontier for estimation of bank efficiency, empirical analysis is conducted across various levels including the use of separate income-group frontiers to determine the robustness of the findings. Using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) for the estimation of banks’ cost and profit efficiency, the evidence shows that financial liberalisation contributes positively to profit efficiency while the effect on cost efficiency is generally mixed, depending on the measures of financial liberalisation used. Additionally, the results show that while cost efficiency remains, on average, stable during the estimation period (2000-2009), average profit efficiency fluctuates in the pre-crises period (2000-06) but declines sharply during the post crises period (2007-09). Furthermore, accounting explicitly for the influence of risk in banking, the evidence suggests that financial liberalisation, lower cost efficiency and higher profit efficiency of banks all increase the potential for default risk, while the latter also reduces both cost and profit efficiency, providing support for the bad management hypothesis. Additionally, upon accounting explicitly for the role of market power or competition in banking, the evidence suggests that both financial liberalisation and greater market power contribute to higher default risk of banks. On the other hand, greater competition in banking contributes to higher cost but lower profit efficiency of banks under financial liberalisation. The cross-country empirical investigation is also extended to analyse the impact of financial liberalisation on banks’ technical efficiency and productivity growth, using a two-step approach of combining data envelopment analysis (DEA) with panel data regressions. The evidence here suggests that financial liberalisation is robustly and negatively associated with (pure) technical efficiency. Furthermore, the effect on the total factor productivity (TFP) growth (using two-step DEA-type Malmquist method) is positive, although not always statistically significant. The robustness analysis conducted across the different income groups (higher, upper-middle, lower-middle and lower) confirms that the impact on cost, profit and technical efficiency of banks is more pronounced in the more developed (higher and upper-middle) countries than in the less developed countries. In particular, the impact of financial liberalisation is largely insignificant in the lower income countries. This finding generally reflects the greater pace of capital account liberalisation in the higher and upper-middle income countries, where the impact on both cost and profit efficiency is positive. Throughout the analysis, the estimation takes into account country-specific differences in the regulatory, market structure, financial development and macro-economic conditions and the evidence shows that these influences are also mostly significant and robust under financial liberalisation. Hence, the thesis concludes by arguing that financial liberalisation exerts an independent effect on the cost, profit and technical efficiency of banks, while the risks associated with financial liberalisation should be mitigated with better regulatory and institutional structures.
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Alharbi, Nader. "Financing international trade in the context of islamic and western banking". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511260.
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Martinez, Regina. "Essays on Financial Crises and Banking| International, Domestic and Systemic Approach". Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3720089.
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Most of the largest economic crises in recent history have been bank related. This dissertation contributes to improve our understanding of the causes and implications of financial crises because it approaches the study from a holistic perspective. It covers international, domestic, and systemic aspects that are necessary to understand the challenges imposed by financial liberalization, globalization, technological change, and interconnectivity. Chapter 1 provides the international perspective by examining the effect of global banking flows on credit booms; chapter 2 gives the domestic perspective by estimating the impact of financial crises on a country's long-run output growth; and chapter 3 zooms in further to get to the banking system level in order to study the propagation of shocks in a banking network endogenously generated by banks' profit maximizing decisions. Therefore, this dissertation accounts for the new challenges derived from the process of financial globalization and complex interconnections, and provides new venues for future analyses in this important research area.
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Liu, Yuanyuan. "Organizational culture, employee resilience and performance in the international banking industry". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2018. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/354/.
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In today‘s intensely competitive and changing business environment, employee resilience plays an important role as a capability to enhance individual and organizational performance. Although organizational contexts matters greatly for the development of this capability, so far little research has been conducted on employee resilience in different organizational cultural contexts. This thesis systematically investigates the relationship between organizational culture, employee resilience, and job performance in the international banking industry. First, using a sample of 1501 employees from 14 banks in China, we examine the mediating effect of employee resilience on the ̳employee learning orientation – performance‘ relationship based on a conceptual framework from conservation of resource theory. We find that employee learning orientation not only directly and positively influences job performance, but also indirectly does so via employee resilience as a mediator. Second, by analysing the in-depth interview data of 32 Chinese-origin employees with over five years working experience from eight international banks, we identify three types of organizational culture – jungle culture, caring culture and conservative culture, and explore how employee resilience evolves in these different cultural contexts. We find that: in the jungle cultural context, organizational culture influences employee resilience in a U-shaped pattern; in the caring cultural context, organizational culture positively affects employee resilience; in the conservative cultural context, organizational culture negatively relates to employee resilience. Lastly, by using a unique data set from 236 Chinese-origin employees from six international banks, we examine that to what extent employee resilience is influenced by the match or mismatch between employee motivation and organizational culture. We find that: in the jungle culture, employees with a short-term motivation show a higher level of resilience than those with a long-term motivation, while employees with a long-term motivation display higher resilience than those with a short-term motivation in the caring culture. In addition, employees with a short-term motivation exhibit more resilience in the jungle culture than in the caring culture; however, employees with a long-term motivation show higher resilience in the caring culture than in the jungle culture. As such, theoretical and managerial implications of our findings are discussed.
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Dietrich, Benjamin H. "German banking structure, pricing and competition implications and international policy perspectives". Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/995506434/04.
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Sadiq, Kerrie, i mikewood@deakin edu au. "Interjurisdictional allocation of multinational banking income: aligning taxation principles with economic activity". Deakin University. School of Law, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060728.112650.
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This thesis argues that one type of multinational entity the multinational bank
poses particularly significant challenges to the international tax regime in terms of its
current profit allocation rules. Multinational banks are a unique subset of
multinational entities, and as a consequence of their unique traits, the traditional
international tax regime foes not yield an optimal interjurisdictional allocation of
taxing rights. The opportunity for tax minimisation, achievable because of the unique
traits, and realised through exploitation of the traditional source and transfer pricing
regime, results in a jurisdictional distribution of taxing rights which does not reflect economic reality.
There are two distinct ways in which the traditional international tax regime fails to
reflect economic activity. The first way that economic activity may not be reflected
in the distribution of the taxing rights to income from multinational banking is
through the application of traditional source rules. The traditional sources rules
allocate income where transactions are completed rather than where the
intermediation services are arranged. As a result of their unique commercial role as
financial intermediaries, by separating intermediary economic activity from legal
transactions with third parties, multinational banks may distort the true location of the
activity giving rise to income.
The second way in which the traditional tax regime may fail to reflect economic
activity is through the traditional transfer pricing regime requiring related or internal
transaction to be undertaken at an arms length price. The arms length pricing
requirement is theoretically deficient in its failure to recognise the highly integrated
nature of multinational banking. In practice, the arms length pricing requirement is
also difficult, if not impossible, to apply to multinational banks because of the
requirement of comparability. The difficulties associated with the current model have
resulted in a subtle move by multinational banks towards global formulary
apportionment.
This thesis concludes that, for the international taxation of multinational banks, the current source regime should be replaced with a system that allocates profits for tax
purposes on the basis of income source, with source determined using a unitary
taxation or global formulary apportionment system. It is argued that global formulary
apportionment is a theoretically superior model that provides both jurisdiction to tax
and allocated profits on the basis of the economic activity that generates the income.
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O'Donohoe, Sheila. "The synergistic potential of domestic and international takeover bids in the UK in the 1990s". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288080.
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Juhmani, Omar Issa. "An investigation into the effects of introducing international accounting standards on the Jordanian Stock Exchange". Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-investigation-into-the-effects-of-introducing-international-accounting-standards-on-the-jordanian-stock-exchange(e2d58001-d030-4bcf-a6b8-ce8064ecf0eb).html.
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This thesis examines the effect of introducing international accounting standards (IASs) on the Jordanian Stock Exchange during the period 1990-1991. Literature on accounting standards in general and IASs in particular is reviewed for the likely effects of IASs adoption in Jordan. A research methodology is developed using data from Jordanian IAS adopting firms (experimental group) and IAS non-adopters (control group) for 1990 and 1991 respectively. Sub-portfolios are then constructed representing the financial sector, the service sector, the industrial sector, low traded firms, heavily traded firms, small firms, large firms, domestic-owned firms, foreign-owned firms, winner firms and loser firms. For all samples and sub samples, abnormal returns (for IAS adopters and non adopters) are analysed using the traditional market model but also using an average return model and a raw return model. The observed market reactions are then compared with those anticipated (or claimed by supporters of IASs adoption in the literature). The main findings are that IASs adoption does increase the information content of financial statements (as observed in abnormal returns) but that reaction occurs mainly prior to accounts release. An exception to this general effect is large firms where IAS adoption does not have an observable effect on abnormal returns around announcement date. The research also provides evidence that IASs adoption has little influence on Jordanian domestic-owned firms' share price reactions but a considerable effect on foreign-owned firms' share prices. The research findings are examined for their relevance for other developing countries considering replacing locally-determined accounting standards with IASs.
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Sio, Pierre. "Les centres bancaires "Off Shore" et les "International banking facilities" : contribtion à l'analyse de la création monétaire internationale". Orléans, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ORLE0503.
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L’expansion des euromarchés a été très importante depuis 1960. La présente thèse tente d'analyser la création monétaire sur ces marchés, en examinant les incidences de cette croissance sur l'inflation internationale et sur la conduite de la politique monétaire au niveau national. La première partie étudie le développement de quelques éléments constituant le marche des eurodevises, à savoir, les centres bancaires off-shore et les "facilites bancaires internationales". En plus de la particularité de chaque centre bancaire off-shore, les traits communs sous-tendent l'évolution de ces centres : avantages réglementaires, fiscaux, géographiques. . . La deuxième partie essaie de mesurer le multiplicateur des euro-monnaies au travers d'un modèle qui considère le marché des euro-monnaies dans le contexte de l'équilibre général de portefeuille. Cette évaluation du multiplicateur nous permet d'apprécier l'ampleur de la contribution des opérations des euro-banques à la croissance de la masse monétaire et du crédit, avec les conséquences pour l'inflation et la politique monétaire au niveau nationalThe growth of the euromarkets has been very important since 1960. The present thesis temps to analyze the credit creation in these markets by examine the incidences of this growth on international inflation and on the conduct of monetary policy in particular country. The first part studies the growth of some constituent part of the eurocurrency market, that is, offshore banking centers and the "international banking facilities" in addition of the particularity of the offshore banking centers, some common outline subtend this centers'growth : regulator advantages, fiscal, geographic. The second part try to estimate the euro-currency multiplier in a model that takes the euro-currency markets in the context of overall portfolio equilibrium. The estimate multiplier allow us to appraise the size of the contribution of eurobanks operations to the money expansion with consequences about inflation and the monetary policy in particular country
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Norton, J. J. "International bank supervisory standards : the case of the Basle Committee and capital adequacy standards". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241301.
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Dogbey, John. "Spillover effects in financial and international development". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10593.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 88 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-78).
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Dzaja, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Legal aspects of internet banking related to international business transactions / Stefan Dzaja". München : GRIN Verlag, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1180912160/34.
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Wright, Christopher. "Environmental governance in international banking : exploring the emergence of the Equator Principles". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2736/.
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Voluntary business regulation at the transnational level is becoming a significant feature of global environmental governance. The thesis considers the origins of the Equator Principles, a voluntary code of conduct created by commercial banks to manage environmental and social risks associated with project financing in developing countries. Based on the operational policies of the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the framework has thus far been adopted by over 60 commercial banks since its launch in June 2003, representing over 85 percent of the global project finance market. The thesis argues that the rise of private environmental governance in the commercial project finance market is closely linked to the emergence and diffusion of environment and social norms in the international system. It traces the normative origins of the Equator Principles to the theory and practice of environmental project review first institutionalized at the World Bank in the early 1970s, then later expanded and applied to the IFC's private sector projects as well. The thesis argues that the rise of a corporate accountability movement in the financial sector was the principal reason why commercial banks decided to collaborate and create a common industry standard based on environmental and social norms institutionalized in multilateral institutions. It makes three main contributions to our understanding of private environmental governance formation. First, the power of transnational advocacy groups to influence corporate behavior is determined by the legitimacy of the norms they promote as well as political opportunities presented by market structures. Secondly, international organizations are increasingly facilitating and legitimizing voluntary business regulation as the most effective institutional form of governance for integrating public interest concerns into transnational markets. And third, voluntary business regulation, such as the Equator Principles, is positioning private actors and forms of authority at the center of transnational rule-making processes, producing systems of rules that both challenge and reinforce international law, regimes and institutions.
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Koshyna, L. M. "The development of International banking in the context of global financial imbalances". Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75552.
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Магістерська робота присвячена дослідженню моделей банківського бізнесу з урахуванням кризових тенденцій фінансового ринку. В роботі проведено аналіз поняття фінансової кризи, її причин і наслідків. Проведено ретроспективний аналіз причин, особливостей і наслідків основних світових фінансових криз. В роботі також здійснено аналіз останніх фінансових криз в Україні та основних наслідків фінансової кризи 2008-2009 років для світового банківського ринку. В роботі розглянуто традиційні підходи до побудови моделі банківського бізнесу, досліджено тенденції зміни моделей банківського бізнесу в цифровій економіці, розроблено рекомендації щодо оцінювання ефективності моделі банківського бізнесу з позиції її стійкості до кризових явищ.The master’s thesis focuses on research of models of banking business considering the crisis tendencies of the financial market. The paper analyzes the concept of financial crisis, its causes and consequences. A retrospective analysis of the causes, features and consequences of major global financial crises was conducted. Research also provides an analysis of the recent financial crises in Ukraine and the main implications of the 2008-2009 financial crisis for the global banking market. The master’s thesis examines traditional approaches to banking business models, investigates trends in changing banking business models in the digital economy, and develops recommendations for evaluating the effectiveness of the banking business model in terms of its resilience to crisis phenomena.
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Lin, Jan-Juy. "Regulatory reforms of insurance in Taiwan : lessons learned from EU, USA and selective international organisations and associations". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313741.
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Bradley, Laura. "An exploration of the diffusion of the internet in the retail banking sector : an international Delphi study". Thesis, University of Ulster, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250815.
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Mantzari, Elisavet. "Adoption of international financial reporting standards in Greece : a critical approach". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/adoption-of-international-financial-reporting-standards-in-greece(f907ab6d-4fdc-43a2-9cf0-3e68008d1190).html.
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This thesis studies the way the profession, key actors and other users perceive the use of IFRSs in Greece. The focus is mainly on providing evidence of perceptions towards the transition and implementation process, the way financial statements are used, what challenges are encountered and the recognised benefits after the adoption of IFRSs. The thesis explores the views of actual users about the usefulness of financial reports relating to the impact of IFRSs in an economy with different institutional infrastructures and accounting tradition from the ‘Anglo-Saxon’ model. It provides a critical perspective on the understanding of actors’ experience and interpretation of accounting change and challenges unquestioned beliefs and taken-for-granted assumptions surrounding the adoption of IFRSs. Drawing on a historical and political economy analysis of (inter)national accounting standard-setting and practices the driving rationale behind actors’ views is investigated. Gramsci’s conceptual vocabulary is utilised in order to encourage a theoretical insight into the empirical material. Empirical evidence has been gathered through interviews with key individuals in the implementation and establishment of IFRSs and secondary data, such as public statements, policies and the IASB’s exposure drafts and comments. The impact of IFRSs is evident in areas of measurement and disclosure while the user groups that make meaningful use of IFRSs’ financial information is narrow. The identified benefits of IFRSs in terms of the usefulness of financial information feature great similarity and consensus among local key actors. However, there are still challenges in the implementation and interpretation of IFRSs hindering the accomplishment of the IASB’s pronouncements in regard to the benefits of the standards. IFRSs convergence seems to improve over time. The state exerts significant influence over accounting practices and taxation considerations are generally considered as inhibiting compliance with IFRSs. It appears that there is a shift in the perceptions and beliefs of key individuals about the role of financial reporting in line with the neo-liberal shift in the rationale of IFRSs as promoted by standard-setters and dominant capital economies. The thesis challenges the position purported by standard setters that the adoption of IFRSs is a necessity driven by the natural forces of economic globalisation and that it results in improved decision usefulness of financial statements. There is more to financial reporting quality and comparability than imposing a common set of standards. Despite the inconsistencies in the application of IFRSs and the contradictions in actors’ views about the actual benefits of IFRSs, this has not led them to challenge the basic assumptions and hegemonic structures inherent in the domain of accounting and capital markets.
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Hooi, George Wye Keong, i n/a. "An Empirical Investigation Between Culture, Investor Protection, International Banking Disclosures and Stock Returns". Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20071121.133040.
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There is a renewed interest in further exploring the significance of culture to the accounting disclosure model in view of a highly competitive global business environment. To date, there is no empirical research to investigate this issue with respect to a specific industry, namely banking. There are three main reasons for focusing only on the banking industry (Hooi 2004). First, it is considered to be the most important industry for the countrys economic and financial stability. Moreover, the IASB has recognised its significance by issuing unique accounting standards i.e. IAS30, IAS32 and IAS39. Second, Saidenberg and Schuermann (2003) argue that with the scope and complexity of Basel II, it provides opportunities for researching issues through Pillar 3. Third, with national banking systems being non-homogenous, it is important to investigate the effects of national culture because prior research has argued that cultural differences have partly explained international differences in disclosure framework of accounting systems. The purpose of this study is to apply and extend Grays (1988) theoretical framework of national culture with respect to four research questions. First, to contribute to Grays (1988) theory of cultural influence on international banking disclosures. Second, to investigate the possible significance of investor protection to the banking disclosure model. Third, to explore Grays (1988) theory on the relationship of national culture to capital market research using banking returns. Fourth, to investigate the value relevance of investor protection and banking disclosures to the returns model. Seventeen developed and developing countries with a representative sample of 37 listed domestic commercial banks were examined in 2004. For the disclosure model, the study finds that national culture is a significant factor in the banking industry. Individualism has been found as the primary cultural dimension for banking disclosures. Moreover, the explanatory power of the model significantly improves with the legal dimensions of common law and anti-director rights. The positive association between common law and banking disclosures is consistent with La Porta et al. (1998) which argue that common law countries with stronger investor protection are more transparent than civil law countries. However, there is a negative association between investor protection variable of anti-director rights with banking disclosures. This may suggest that investor protection does not encourage minority investors to enter the stock market specifically in the global banking industry. This situation may lead to a lack of demand for transparency through a smaller dispersion of ownership across the domestic banks. For the returns model, the study finds that national culture is value relevant in the banking industry. Collectivism and power distance have been found to be the two primary cultural dimensions for banking returns. Moreover, the explanatory power of the model significantly improves with anti-director rights and banking disclosures. These results are (1) consistent with La Porta et al. (2002) which argue that investor protection increases firm valuation with respect to Tobins Q and (2) international investors tend to support the Basel Committees commitment in providing a more transparent framework by implementing Pillar 3 in the near future, starting with the Basel member countries. Finally, an interesting finding from the study is that firm size has a negative association with banking returns.
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Hooi, George Wye Keong. "An Empirical Investigation Between Culture, Investor Protection, International Banking Disclosures and Stock Returns". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367282.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
There is a renewed interest in further exploring the significance of culture to the accounting disclosure model in view of a highly competitive global business environment. To date, there is no empirical research to investigate this issue with respect to a specific industry, namely banking. There are three main reasons for focusing only on the banking industry (Hooi 2004). First, it is considered to be the most important industry for the country’s economic and financial stability. Moreover, the IASB has recognised its significance by issuing unique accounting standards i.e. IAS30, IAS32 and IAS39. Second, Saidenberg and Schuermann (2003) argue that with the scope and complexity of Basel II, it provides opportunities for researching issues through Pillar 3. Third, with national banking systems being non-homogenous, it is important to investigate the effects of national culture because prior research has argued that cultural differences have partly explained international differences in disclosure framework of accounting systems. The purpose of this study is to apply and extend Gray’s (1988) theoretical framework of national culture with respect to four research questions. First, to contribute to Gray’s (1988) theory of cultural influence on international banking disclosures. Second, to investigate the possible significance of investor protection to the banking disclosure model. Third, to explore Gray’s (1988) theory on the relationship of national culture to capital market research using banking returns. Fourth, to investigate the value relevance of investor protection and banking disclosures to the returns model. Seventeen developed and developing countries with a representative sample of 37 listed domestic commercial banks were examined in 2004. For the disclosure model, the study finds that national culture is a significant factor in the banking industry. Individualism has been found as the primary cultural dimension for banking disclosures. Moreover, the explanatory power of the model significantly improves with the legal dimensions of common law and anti-director rights. The positive association between common law and banking disclosures is consistent with La Porta et al. (1998) which argue that common law countries with stronger investor protection are more transparent than civil law countries. However, there is a negative association between investor protection variable of anti-director rights with banking disclosures. This may suggest that investor protection does not encourage minority investors to enter the stock market specifically in the global banking industry. This situation may lead to a lack of demand for transparency through a smaller dispersion of ownership across the domestic banks. For the returns model, the study finds that national culture is value relevant in the banking industry. Collectivism and power distance have been found to be the two primary cultural dimensions for banking returns. Moreover, the explanatory power of the model significantly improves with anti-director rights and banking disclosures. These results are (1) consistent with La Porta et al. (2002) which argue that investor protection increases firm valuation with respect to Tobin’s Q and (2) international investors tend to support the Basel Committee’s commitment in providing a more transparent framework by implementing Pillar 3 in the near future, starting with the Basel member countries. Finally, an interesting finding from the study is that firm size has a negative association with banking returns.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics
Full Text
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Okada, Takaaki. "Corporate culture and organizational efficiency in the competitive international market". Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3571484.
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The research study involved an investigation into the relationship between corporate culture and organizational efficiency in the Japanese securities industry as it adapts to survive in the competitive international market. Using the materialist conception of history, a case study approach was used to examine the roots of Nikko’s corporate culture as it developed prior to the introduction of the modern management system. Working in compliance with a licensing system that served to preserve the status quo, Nikko officials experienced industry scandals, which encouraged Japanese securities executives to introduce American modern management systems. The purpose of the mixed method study was to understand the qualitative and quantitative changes in the management operations of Nikko Cordial affected by the corporate culture before and after the change in management. Insights into Nikko’s situation were gained from analyzing the records of Nikko Cordial with those of the Nomura and Daiwa securities companies.
Using a system of dialectics, organizational inefficiency and low profitability were discovered as triggers for the corporate scandals, despite the introduction of the modern management system. Based upon the analysis of Nikko’s case, an inductive conclusion was drawn that organizational efficiency and profitability were considered important factors to sustain a successful business model in the financial business field. The inevitability of regulation as one of the five cost factors necessary to enhance profitability for financial businesses was confirmed by the dialectical approach. The corporate culture is a key catalyst to reduce the costs involved in organizational efficiency and integrity.
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Strickland, Richard. "Stabilisation strategies of the International Monetary Fund and the effects on income and welfare : the case of Zambia". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277708.
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Mathieu, Julien P. "Universal banking in the United States : benefits and risks". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80940.
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The worldwide financial services industry has undergone in the past two decades an unprecedented wave of consolidation within and across its three main sub-sectors: banking, securities activities and insurance. Today's observers assert that in ten years, most of the financial sector will be controlled by a small group of huge diversified banks. By enacting the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act in 1999, Congress repealed the depression-era "Glass-Steagall" Act of 1933 and thereby officially removed the longstanding legal barriers that insulated banks from securities firms and insurance companies. As promoters of financial convergence have long been claiming that the introduction of universal banks in the United States would produce numerous benefits for themselves, but also for the economy and for their customers, these predictions can be assessed today in the light of empirical analysis. Now that "financial supermarkets" are totally legal in the United States, it is essential to assess whether they are economically and morally viable.
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Schäfer, David. "Explaining the creation of the EU Banking Union : the interplay between interests and ideas". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3664/.
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How do we explain the outcome of the EU banking union negotiations? Still in 2011, a majority of governments opposed the banking union. They suddenly reversed policies and agreed the creation of a joint supervisor at the Euro Summit in June 2012. This thesis invokes liberal intergovernmentalism to explain the creation of the banking union. Yet, the negotiations pose two major puzzles. First, no clear predictions can be derived from liberal intergovernmentalism for the preferences of arguably the most powerful member state: the German government. Interest groups were divided, public opinion contradictory, and macro-economic preferences unclear. With no clearly most powerful interest, more than one policy was a rational course of action (Folk theorem). To solve this puzzle, the thesis argues that worldviews based on the principles of Ordnungspolitik influenced German policy-makers. In the absence of a unique equilibrium, these worldviews tipped the scale towards a policy of realigning control and liability. The outcome of the interstate negotiations poses the second puzzle for liberal intergovernmentalism. Its power-based theory of interstate bargaining cannot account for German concessions on several issues. Drawing on an account of rhetorical action, the thesis argues that a coalition of Southern European countries used the collectively stated goal to ‘break the vicious circle between banks and sovereigns’ to prove German preferences as unsuitable for achieving this goal. While exposing the weaknesses of the German government’s policy responses, the Southern coalition framed their own preferences for risk-sharing as the most effective solution to the problem. The German government was forced to acquiesce in considerably more risk-sharing than it had initially deemed acceptable. The thesis draws on 84 interviews with negotiators from Germany, France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and the EU institutions. The analysis provides several generalisable insights into the role of ideas for domestic preferences and interstate negotiations.
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Campayne, Paul Anthony. "The impact of multinational banks on the international location of banking activity and the global hierarchy of financial centres". Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257200.
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Rabiee, Sohrab. "Protection of foreign investment : the development of international law and the contribution of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292373.
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This study begins with a generel review of the developments of international law and relations especially during this century and then continues to consider these developments within the specific contexts of permanent sovereignty over natural resrouces and bilateral investment treaties from which it is concluded that there have been many changes in the context in which foreign investment is made as well as the substantive rules governing it. However, despite the changes in attitude and the developments. there seems to be no specific and detailed set of rules universally accepted to be governing foreign investment especially in the area of compensation which is the core of the matter. Having considered this general background, the study turns to the contribution of one of the most unique experiences in the history of arbitration i. e. the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal. After studying the general factual and legal background of the creation of the Tribunal and the examination of the instruments upon which the Tribunal's jurisdiction and structure are based, the thesis examines the practice of the Tribunal with regard to both expropriation and compensation. Attempt has been made to examine these issues from almost every relevant aspect. The conclusion reached in the final analysis of this part is that despite the consistency of the Tribunal's practice with regard to some general issues, there has not been much coherence when it comes to more specific and concrete issues such as the method of valuation and some aspects of expropriation and compensation. The final conclusion of the study is that there is still a long way to go before establishing a universal, specific and detailed set of rules governing foreign investment although the bilateral approach can be, and in fact is, considered as a safe interim measure of protection as far as the capital exporting countries are concerned. It also questions the viability and wisdom of adopting the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal experience as a pattern for resolving future investment disputes in light of the extraordinary background of its creation and controversies as to the precedential value of some of its decisions.
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Denny, Jemma P. Simon Stewart. "Offset Banking in New Zealand: towards sustainable development, with insight from international models". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6579.
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Biodiversity loss is an important issue for New Zealand: for the domestic environment, economy and society, but also for New Zealand as a member of the international community. Biodiversity offset banking is making an important contribution to addressing such issues in a number of countries around the world. Developing the ability to participate and take advantage of possible benefits requires comprehensively understanding both the fundamental principles and varying concepts, and supports the analysis necessary for New Zealand to progress towards offset banking. New Zealand can learn much from observing and investigating overseas models and use them as valuable templates. California and New South Wales provide examples of potential policies and frameworks (both economic and social) to establish and operate successful offset banking systems.
Discussions of offset banking, both in theory and practice, frequently concern the potential failings of the system. These issues can be conceptualised as various forms of risk. Considering offset banking as sustainable development, this thesis addresses such risks to reflect the tripartite biological, financial and social framework of sustainable development. Biologically, risk is in the potential biodiversity outcomes are inadequate, unexpected or undesirable. Scientific uncertainty underlies this, both inherently and from the limits of current scientific disciplines. Through expanding scientific knowledge and experience, measures for reducing or accommodating the risk of uncertainty are emerging. Financial risk represents concerns that individual banks may lack the monetary support to achieve the specific biodiversity conservation required for the site. Also the system of interacting banks, bankers and traders may fail to produce financial outcomes that support effective and efficient biodiversity conservation over the breath of the scheme. Social risk lies in the potential that societies’ individuals conduct themselves in ways that conflict with achieving biodiversity conservation through malfeasance
or negligence. Additionally, there is social risk that an offset banking system fails to respond
appropriately to broader society and human, such as equity and intergenerational justice.
Here, deliberating these risks is primary to appreciating how design elements and emergent properties minimize risks. Given comprehensive understanding, components of a system can be designed and allow informed policy, regulations and rules to offer successful risk mitigation. For this reason policy, rules and regulations observed within California and New South Wales helps to discuss this and establish guidance for New Zealand offset banking design to draw upon. Californian systems are achieving promising conservation and continued growth; New South Wales’ Biobanking scheme is robustly designed and in its early stages. Each contrasts in design and carries varying criticisms. California has been observed as potentially shortcoming biologically, whereas New South Wales Biobanking has been questioned based on the strength and character of its economic underpinnings. In addition to these considerations, New Zealand has significant societal perspectives to incorporate given current popular, socio-democratic conservation modus operandi.
Identifying the three forms of risk present highlights the importance of allocating appropriate
consideration and expertise to the biological, economic and social components of offset banking.
Successful sustainable development, biodiversity conservation and risk mitigation may be achieved through designing mechanisms, regulations and governing policy for offset banking. New Zealand may therefore expand the success and application of current offsetting by taking guidance from examples and analysis presented here.