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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "International action of local authorities"
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Aall, Carlo, Kyrre Groven i Gard Lindseth. "The Scope of Action for Local Climate Policy: The Case of Norway". Global Environmental Politics 7, nr 2 (maj 2007): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2007.7.2.83.
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One of the key features of the post-Rio era has been how global environmental governance is mediated between local, national and global levels of government. In this article, we draw on experiences from local climate policy planning in Norway in order to discuss the ways in which climate change enters into a municipal policy setting. Based on the Norwegian case, supplemented with knowledge gained from an international literature review, we present a typology of six different categories of local climate policy. We highlight that local actors can both play the role as a structure for the implementation of national or international climate objectives, as well as that of being policy actors taking independent policy initiatives. We emphasize how the relationship between national and local authorities is a crucial factor if climate policy as a specific local responsibility should be further strengthened.
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Tomaszyk, Mikołaj. "Action against smog at local government level in relation to urban public transport: evidence from selected Polish cities". Urban Development Issues 55, nr 3 (22.05.2018): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/udi-2018-0005.
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Abstract All of us wish to breathe clean air. In recent years, a problem of growing importance is how to combat particulates which cause smog and are harmful to the human environment. International forums have adopted documents to prevent carpet emissions. As a result, public authorities in individual states have to tackle the tough challenge of implementing new regulations via their legal framework and administrative practice. The slogans “Clean Air” and “Right to Clean Air” trigger off grassroots movements which strive to coax the units of local government to take decisive action on a pro-ecological transport policy. While mindful of the influence of polluted air on human health, local interest groups have social control of authorities. The objectives of the article are to present the legal framework for the ‘smog alert’ and free public transport initiatives, and to analyse how local authorities have implemented free public transport, whether for all a city’s residents or just for the drivers who decide to forgo driving and have to show valid vehicle registration certificates to use public transport for free. The paper draws upon interviews and a critical review of substantive literature about the techniques for reducing smog. A scientific approach is adopted to the major body of work. Additionally, the analysis compares the pro-ecological activities of local governments in selected Polish cities. It focuses directly on the subjects managing public transport and the operators offering transport services.
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Klyuchnikov, Andrey Yu, i Vladimir S. Kruzhilin. "The Right to Effective Management in the Practice of the European Court of Human Rights". Administrative law and procedure 12 (10.12.2020): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2020-12-29-31.
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The article is devoted to the study of the right to effective management recognized by the international justice as a complex interdisciplinary institution affecting the functioning of public authorities and local self-government, officials and courts. The authors study the principles of the right to effective management, the powers granted to persons in connection with the action of the Institute, taking into account the practice of the ECHR.
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Matkó, Andrea Emese, i Csaba Berde. "Relationships between competitiveness in the Northern Great Plain and the organisational culture of local authorities". Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 6, nr 5 (31.12.2012): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2012/5/2.
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One of the five basic factors in the Lengyel-type pyramid model – institutions and social capital – is essential in the economic growth of the region. Economic success however, does not only depend on participants in the economy, but on social factors such as the roles played by local authorities, including their functions, operation and organisational culture, all of which are crucial factors. Based on the results obtained regarding organisational culture it can be stated that performance orientation, dominant motivation based on calculated risk, forward planning and regular feedback are expected values at local authorities in all three counties. All local authorities emphasise the importance of the need for forecasting. Respondents find it important that organisations encourage and reward individual action and contributions as expected values. The degree of human orientation expected by local authorities reflects the fact that respect for colleagues and attention to their well-being should be at the highest level. Reinforcing these organisational culture values (dimensions) is the basis for the efficient and successful operation of organisations (local authorities). The study examines the organisational culture of local authorities in the Northern Great Plain, looking for any relationships it might have with the competitiveness of the region. This study is an element of the wider research into organisational culture. We used the GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organisational Behaviour Effectiveness) survey, which had been successfully applied in the research programme In Competition with the World at the Corvinus University of Budapest. Koopman, Den Hartog, Konrad et al. (1999) examined the culture variables of 21 European countries in organisations. Based on Hungarian and international literature it can be stated that a similar survey of local authorities has not yet been conducted.
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Bozhenko, Victoria, Anna Buriak, Andrii Bozhenko i Oleksandr Roienko. "Transparency and Corruption Prevention in Financing Climate Action". Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 7, nr 2 (2023): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.7(2).88-94.2023.
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The article summarises the arguments and counter-arguments within the scientific debate on enchancing the climate finance transparency. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of climate finance and identify the key challenges that hinder the effective climate fund monitoring system. The relevance of addressing this research problem is due to the fact that the largest recipients of international climate finance are countries with high corruption risks, low standards in protection human rights, low trust in law enforcement and judicial authorities, etc. Therefore, the reporting and the quality of the reports prepared on the funds received under international assistance programmes is an important component of establishing long-term relations and trust between donor-countries or receipient-countries. The article examines the issue of climate finance transparency in the following logical sequence: analysed scientific publications on the issues of transparency and corruption in climate finance, examined the institutional mechanism of global climate finance, analysed the scale of climate finance in the world, and identified the main challenges in improving the transparency and efficiency of climate funds. The study was conducted using empirical (observation, description) and theoretical (grouping, synthesis, abstraction) research methods. The paper substantiates that the strengheting transparency of climate finance in developing countries requires a comprehensive approach - on the one hand, improving the level of justice, judiciary, enchancing the work of local regulatory authorities, developing legislation in recipient countries of international financial assistance, and on the other hand, improving the methodology of integrated accounting and reporting on the receipt and use of climate funds, as well as tracking the effects of project implementation. The study found that the key challenges that hinder the formation of an effective climate funds monitoring system are: a data collection and reporting system, an accounting and reporting system, and a coordination system.
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Berry, Peter, Paddy Enright, Joy Shumake-Guillemot, Elena Villalobos Prats i Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum. "Assessing Health Vulnerabilities and Adaptation to Climate Change: A Review of International Progress". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, nr 12 (23.11.2018): 2626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122626.
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Climate change is increasing risks to human health and to the health systems that seek to protect the safety and well-being of populations. Health authorities require information about current associations between health outcomes and weather or climate, vulnerable populations, projections of future risks and adaptation opportunities in order to reduce exposures, empower individuals to take needed protective actions and build climate-resilient health systems. An increasing number of health authorities from local to national levels seek this information by conducting climate change and health vulnerability and adaptation assessments. While assessments can provide valuable information to plan for climate change impacts, the results of many studies are not helping to build the global evidence-base of knowledge in this area. They are also often not integrated into adaptation decision making, sometimes because the health sector is not involved in climate change policy making processes at the national level. Significant barriers related to data accessibility, a limited number of climate and health models, uncertainty in climate projections, and a lack of funding and expertise, particularly in developing countries, challenge health authority efforts to conduct rigorous assessments and apply the findings. This paper examines the evolution of climate change and health vulnerability and adaptation assessments, including guidance developed for such projects, the number of assessments that have been conducted globally and implementation of the findings to support health adaptation action. Greater capacity building that facilitates assessments from local to national scales will support collaborative efforts to protect health from current climate hazards and future climate change. Health sector officials will benefit from additional resources and partnership opportunities to ensure that evidence about climate change impacts on health is effectively translated into needed actions to build health resilience.
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Mourad, Lama. "“Standoffish” Policy-making: Inaction and Change in the Lebanese Response to the Syrian Displacement Crisis". Middle East Law and Governance 9, nr 3 (11.11.2017): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-00903005.
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With the largest refugee population per capita in the world, Lebanon now officially hosts at least 1.1 million Syrian refugees. Until late 2014, the Lebanese government maintained de facto open borders and little to no regulation of Syrians within its borders. This period has largely been understood as one of state absence: referred to broadly as a “policy of no-policy.” This paper looks at the way in which state inaction played a major role in structuring the responses that did emerge, both “below” and “above” the state, from local authorities and international agencies. I shed light on how indirect measures taken by the central government facilitated and encouraged greater local autonomy in governing the refugee presence. This, in turn, further decentralized and fragmented the current set of responses to the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon and legitimized discretionary action by municipal authorities.
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Mohd Arifuzzaman, M. Mizanur Rahman, Md Sultan Ul Islam i Md Nezam Uddin. "Health Vulnerabilities and Resilience to Climate Change: An Update of International Progress". Ibrahim Cardiac Medical Journal 9, nr 1-2 (5.03.2020): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icmj.v9i1-2.53993.
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Despite being one of the most important societal challenges of the 21st century, public engagement with climate change currently remains low worldwide. Mounting evidence from across the behavioral sciences has found that most people regard climate change as a non-urgent and psychologically distant risk—spatially, temporally, and socially-which has led to deferred public decision making about mitigation and adaptation responses. Climate change is increasing risks to human health and to the health systems that seek to protect the safety and well-being of populations. Health authorities require information about current associations between health outcomes and weather or climate, vulnerable populations, projections of future risks and adaptation opportunities in order to reduce exposures, empower individuals to take needed protective actions and build climate-resilient health systems. Health authorities from local to national levels badly seek this information by conducting climate change and health vulnerability and adaptation assessments. While assessments can provide valuable information to plan for climate change impacts, they are often not integrated into adaptation decision making, probably because the health sector is not involved in climate change policy-making processes at the national level. Significant barriers related to data accessibility, a limited number of climate and health models, uncertainty in climate projections, and a lack of funding and expertise, particularly in developing countries, challenge health authority efforts to conduct rigorous assessments and apply the findings. This paper reviews the evolution of climate change and health vulnerability and adaptation assessments, including guidance developed from such projects, and implementation of the findings to support health adaptation action. The findings derived from the study will support collaborative efforts to protect health from current and future climate change hazards. Health authorities may benefit from additional resources to ensure that evidence about climate change impacts on health could effectively be translated into needed actions to build health resilience.
Ibrahim Card Med J 2019; 9 (1&2): 80-92
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Golubeva, Elena, i Anastasia Emelyanova. "Local community practices to improve healthy aging in the North". Magyar Gerontológia 13 (29.12.2021): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47225/mg/13/kulonszam/10575.
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The governments of Finland, Denmark, Norway and Russia have developed national programs to address population ageing. There are also successful practices in healthy ageing at the local level in different countries, but they remain unknown among the global professional community and governmental authorities.
Healthy ageing has become an important policy issue at all levels of the society. The key international document is the World Health Organization’s (WHO) plan for a Decade of Healthy Ageing 2020–2030 which is the second action plan of the WHO ‘s Global strategy on ageing and health. The Plan consists of 10 years of concerted, catalytic, sustained collaboration to improve the lives of older people, their families, and their communities. Older people themselves are in the core of this plan, and it brings together variety of actors, including governments, civil society, international agencies, professionals, academia, the media, and the private sector. The Plan also notes that healthy ageing is not only a healthcare issue but also needs to engage many other sectors.
The aim of research was to search and introduce local community practices according the priority areas of WHO Decade of Healthy Aging action plan for gerontological policy in arctic countries.
Examples of good practices for the Priority 1 of the Plan: Change how we think, feel and act towards age and ageing
Fostering of Healthy Ageing requires fundamental shifts from existing stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination towards older people. Older people should not be seen only as an economic burden for the welfare society, but as contributors to the state and communities, and as resourceful carriers of traditional values and wisdom. Governments eliminate age discrimination by variety of actions, such as legislative changes, and policies and programs which engage older people in decision-making.
Initiatives for Priority 2 of the Plan: Ensure that communities foster the abilities of older people
The environments which are built on decisions made not only by policy makers but involve citizens of all ages are better places to grow, play, live, work and retire. Even those people who have lost their capacity, shall be able to continue to enjoy everyday activities, to continue to develop personally and professionally, to participate and contribute to their communities while retaining their autonomy, dignity, health, and well-being.
Practices for Priority 3 of the Plan: Deliver person-centered, integrated care and primary health services to older people
Good-quality essential health services include prevention of diseases; promotion of healthy lifestyle; curative, rehabilitative, palliative and end-of-life care; safe, effective, good-quality essential medicines and vaccines; dental care; assistive technologies, while ensuring that the use of services does not cause the user financial hardship.
Local northern practices are mirrored against the recently released WHO Decade of Healthy Ageing 2020-2030 Action Plan with paying attention to indigenous elders. Based on these practices the national, regional, and municipal level authorities of the Nordic countries and Russia were suggested to consider the policy recommendations based of the research.
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Honcharenko, Oleksiy, i Alina Ivanenko. "Participation of Local Administration Bodies of Provisional Military Administration and Reichskommissariat ‘Ukraine’ in Ensuring Holocaust Measures (1941-1944)". Eminak, nr 1(41) (13.04.2023): 181–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.1(41).629.
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The purpose of the research paper is to uncover the role and significance of local administration bodies that were established on the territories under the control of the Provisional Military Administration (PMA) and the Reichskommissariat ‘Ukraine’ (RKU) in ensuring the Holocaust policy.
Scientific novelty is based on the original documentary sources analysis. It is determined that the employees of local administration bodies in the German occupation zones of Ukraine, even against their will, took an active part in various forms of preparation and technical support for actions to exterminate Jews, their persecution by the authorities, and looting of the property belonging to them.
Conclusions. In the territories under the control of the PMA and the RKU, local administration bodies were established, which, although not unified, were still typical institutions of occupation administration. Despite the unequal organizational structure, local administration bodies had to perform all the tasks assigned by the German authorities. In the practical activity of those authorities, there were no repressive and punitive functions, but it was their staff who had to provide the measures that were the basis of the Holocaust policy, which was consistently and all-out conducted by the Nazis in occupied Ukraine.
Performing the functions of the occupation administration, the employees of the local administration bodies of the PMA and the RKU took an active part in both the preparatory measures and the purely technical support of actions for the extermination of the Jews. With the assistance of the local administrative staff members, the German authorities managed to settle the matter of registration and identification of the Jewish population, establish an effective system of control over issuing personal documents, as well as search and selection of places for conducting the massacres. Without their active participation, the Nazis would not have been able to organize actions of extermination people so quickly, as well as to identify systematically those who managed to avoid death and were hiding from the persecution of the German occupiers. Also quite actively, some employees of local administration bodies participated in propagandistic provision and justification of massacres of the Jews in Ukraine.
Local authorities took part in the redistribution of property that belonged to the killed Jews. A great part of the former Jewish property, with the permission of the German authorities, was given to the local authorities, and the funds received after its sale were transferred to the bank accounts of the local authorities and used to finance their activities. At the same time, many employees of local administration bodies, using their official position, tried to obtain part of the property of people who had already been killed.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "International action of local authorities"
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Marre, Anissa. "L'action internationale des collectivités territoriales françaises : La construction d'une coopération interterritoriale et interrégionale dans l'Arc latin et le Maghreb". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD002/document.
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Soixante ans après les premiers accords d’amitié entre des collectivités territoriales françaises et leurs homologues étrangers, tout semble avoir évolué : les rapports Etat – collectivités, l’encadrement législatif, la reconnaissance des coopérations transfrontalières et interterritoriales par l’Europe et l’Union européenne et la création d’instruments de coopération. Des jumelages d’amitié historiques à la coopération de territoire à territoire, de la volonté originelle de réconciliation des peuples à l’instauration d’une diplomatie des territoires, l’action internationale des collectivités territoriales ne cesse d’innover et de se déployer. La Méditerranée est un espace historique d’échanges, de migrations et de conflits, où se cristallisent aujourd’hui des enjeux, économiques, sociaux et culturels déterminants pour l’équilibre européen et mondial. Cette histoire commune qui lie les peuples méditerranéens doit être le socle d’une coopération durable permettant de répondre aux problématiques régionales actuelles. L’action internationale des collectivités territoriales y est ancienne et représente un maillon indispensable d’une chaîne de relations avec l’Europe et l’International, mais en pleine mutation, elle cherche encore les fondements de son existenceSixty years after the first treaties between French local authorities and their foreign counterparts, many things seem to have evolved : including the states reporting of local authorities, legislative framework, international cooperation within the European union and the creation of tools to help this cooperation. From historical twinning to inter authorities cooperation and from the reconciliation of populations to territorial diplomacy, International action of local authorities continues to innovate and develop. The Mediterranean is a historic area of exchanges, migration and conflict where today manifest important economic, social and cultural challenges which determine the European and global balance. This shared history that links the Mediterranean peoples should be the basis for a durable cooperation to address current regional issues. Through these historic interactions we see that international action of local authorities is old and is an essential link in a chain of relationships with Europe and the rest of the world, these links are in a process of undergoing an evolution and are still seeking the solid foundations of their own existence
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Louis-Jeune, Manès. "La paradiplomatie dans le droit de l’action publique internationale des collectivités infraétatiques : exemple de la Caraïbe". Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0153/document.
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La paradiplomatie est un concept novateur dans les relations internationales. C’est la doctrine qui essaie de cerner cette notion du point de vue conceptuel. Ainsi, sa définition varie d’un auteur à un autre. Et, les thématiques qui déterminent son champ d’action ne sont pas définies de manière exacte. Elle englobe la coopération décentralisée, les jumelages et les coopérations transfrontalières. Elle occupe une place prépondérante dans le droit des collectivités locales en France, en particulier les départements français d’Amérique, dans leurs relations avec leurs homologues caribéens. Les diverses actions paradiplomatiques de ces collectivités participent au développement durable dans le bassin caribéen. Elle constitue un véritable outil pour les collectivités afin de hisser le flambeau de la diplomatie française dans la Caraïbe. Dans cette optique, elle ne concurrence pas la diplomatie française mais, elle lui sert de complémentarité. Elle est fortement encadrée sur le plan juridique et institutionnel. En effet, la législation nationale, le droit de l’Union et le droit international déterminent sa mise en œuvre et ses limites. Des institutions au niveau national et international fournissent un cadre informationnel et éventuellement un appui financier. Cependant, la paradiplomatie impacte la gouvernance localeParadiplomacy is an innovative concept in international relations. It is the doctrine that tries to define this notion from the conceptual point of view. Thus, its definition varies from one author to another. And the themes that determine its scope are not exactly defined. It encompasses decentralized cooperation, twinning and cross-border cooperation. It occupies a prominent place in the law of local authorities in France, in particular the French departments of America, in their relations with their Caribbean counterparts. The various paradiplomatic actions of these communities contribute to sustainable development in the Caribbean basin. It is a real tool for communities to raise the torch of French diplomacy in the Caribbean. In this perspective, it does not compete with French diplomacy, but complement it. It is heavily regulated from a legal and institutional point of view. Indeed, national legislation, EU law and international law determine its implementation and its limits. Institutions at national and international levels provide an informational framework and possibly financial support. However, paradiplomacy impacts local governance
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Balducci, Christelle. "Les relations et les actions bilatérales des communes françaises 1884-2014. : Pour une conceptualisation et une étude du bilatéralisme communal". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0881.
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De nombreuses communes françaises sont aujourd’hui ouvertes sur l’extérieur et engagées dans des relations avec d’autres localités françaises ou étrangères : les panneaux aux entrées des villes, les articles dans la presse locale et régionale, les pages sur les sites Internet, les divers documents conservés dans les archives municipales en témoignent. Les jumelages et les coopérations nous sont familiers et développer des relations et des actions bilatérales est une pratique municipale aujourd’hui habituelle.Partant de ce constat cette thèse propose d’en tracer l’histoire depuis la loi municipale de 1884 jusqu’en 2014 et de tenter de construire le concept de « bilatéralisme communal ». Par définition, le « bilatéralisme » correspond au sens strict à une politique d’accords, d’échanges entre des Etats pris deux à deux et ce terme n’a, semble-t-il, jamais été associé aux communes. Pourtant, cette expression « bilatéralisme communal » nous paraît pertinente pour désigner une pratique municipale courante.Afin de comprendre comment se sont développés et fonctionnent les rapports nationaux et transnationaux au niveau le plus simple et d’expliquer l’engagement des communes françaises dans des relations et des actions bilatérales, cette étude se décompose en trois axes complémentaires : le premier s’applique à expliquer les contextes dans lesquels les relations bilatérales s’inscrivent, le deuxième s’intéresse à la mise en place de la relation bilatérale, enfin le troisième a trait aux rapports entre les villes et entend porter un regard critique sur le bilatéralisme communal.L’histoire des relations et des actions bilatérales des communes françaises nous amène donc à nous intéresser aux rapprochements et aux échanges au niveau administratif le plus bas et nous conduit au cœur d’une forme élémentaire du jeu diplomatique aux origines relativement anciennesMany French municipalities are now open to the outside world and engaged in relations with other French or foreign localities : signs at the entrances to cities, articles in the local and regional press, pages on Internet sites, the various documents kept in the municipal archives testify to this. Twinning and cooperation are familiar to us and developing bilateral relations and actions is a usual municipal practice today.On the basis of this observation, this thesis proposes to trace its history from the municipal law of 1884 until 2014 and to attempt to construct the concept of "communal bilateralism". By definition, "bilateralism" corresponds in the strict sense to a policy of agreements, exchanges between States taken two by two, and this term has never been associated with municipalities. Yet this expression "communal bilateralism" seems to us to be relevant to common municipal practice.In order to understand how national and transnational reports have developed and function at the simplest level and to explain the involvement of French municipalities in bilateral relations and actions, this study is divided into three complementary axes : the first applies to explain the contexts in which bilateral relations take place, the second focuses on the establishment of the bilateral relationship, and finally the third deals with the relations between cities and intends to take a critical look at communal bilateralism.The history of the bilateral relations and actions of the French municipalities therefore leads us to focus on rapprochement and exchanges at the lowest administrative level and leads us to the heart of an elementary form of the diplomatic game with relatively old origins
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Ouattara, El Hadj Ali. "Coopération décentralisée et développement local : dynamiques de la coopération décentralisée entre la France et la Côte d'Ivoire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMD005.
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La coopération décentralisée entre la France et la Côte d'Ivoire, née à la fin des années 1950, découle d’une logique de solidarité internationale, héritée des jumelages franco-allemands post-Seconde Guerre mondiale. Étendue aux anciennes colonies françaises, cette coopération a évolué sous l’influence des crises économiques et humanitaires, réorientant les partenariats vers l’aide au développement. La coopération décentralisée franco-ivoirienne s’inscrit dans cette dynamique et est perçue par les collectivités territoriales ivoiriennes comme un outil clé pour leur développement local, une perspective partagée par leurs homologues françaises.Cependant, les changements dans le cadre juridique, les priorités locales françaises ainsi que les politiques de coopération impulsées par les différents gouvernements français ont progressivement redéfini ces partenariats. Initialement axés sur la solidarité, ils se sont recentrés, dès les années 2010, sur la quête de bénéfices locaux pour les collectivités françaises. Le développement local est ainsi devenu un enjeu central pour les élus locaux français, soulevant des questions sur la pertinence de certains partenariats, désormais évalués à l’aune de l'attractivité territoriale et des intérêts locaux propre. Dans ce contexte, le développement local partagé (DLP) émerge comme un nouveau modèle de coopération. Issu de partenariats avec des États développés et émergents, il vise à répondre aux défis actuels tout en intégrant une réciprocité des bénéfices dans les partenariats Nord-Sud. L'adoption de ce modèle par les collectivités ivoiriennes, ainsi que celles des pays du Sud, implique des politiques de coopération décentralisée ambitieuses de la part de leurs ÉtatsDecentralized cooperation between France and Côte d'Ivoire, which began in the late 1950s, stems from a logic of international solidarity, inherited from Franco-German partnerships formed after World War II. Extended to former French colonies, this cooperation evolved under the influence of economic and humanitarian crises, redirecting partnerships towards development aid. Franco-Ivorian decentralized cooperation fits into this dynamic and is seen by Ivorian local authorities as a key tool for their local development, a perspective shared by their French counterparts.However, changes in the legal framework, local priorities in France, and cooperation policies driven by various French governments have gradually redefined these partnerships. Initially focused on solidarity, they shifted in the 2010s towards a pursuit of local benefits for French communities. Local development thus became a central issue for French local officials, raising questions about the relevance of certain partnerships, now evaluated based on territorial attractiveness and local interests.In this context, Shared Local Development (SLD) is emerging as a new cooperation model. Stemming from partnerships with developed and emerging countries, it aims to address current challenges while incorporating reciprocity of benefits in North-South partnerships. The adoption of this model by Ivorian local authorities, as well as by those in other Southern countries, requires ambitious decentralized cooperation policies from their respective states
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Citores, Antidia. "La contribution des parties prenantes à l'intégration de normes environnementales en droit maritime". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1105/document.
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Le transport maritime a connu, ces trente dernières années, une forte croissance qui a des conséquences sur le milieu marin sensible aux pollutions. Le droit maritime s'inscrit généralement dans une démarche attentiste construite en réaction aux catastrophes écologiques successives, et liée à la nécessaire conciliation des intérêts économiques des armateurs et de l'urgence des enjeux environnementaux. Le poids économique du transport maritime influe fortement sur les schémas décisionnels des Etats qui, dans leur triple fonction d'Etat côtier, Etat du port et/ou Etat du pavillon, sont souvent amenés à construire des régimes de complaisance en matières fiscale, économique, sociale et environnementale. Des mesures pourraient être proposées pour établir un équilibre au sein de l'OMI, et restaurer un lien substantiel et transparent entre les Etats, les flottes et les armateurs. De fait, le droit maritime moderne laisse place à d'autres acteurs qui interviennent dans les modes de gouvernance présidant à l'édiction et l'application du droit, notamment à travers les outils du lobbying. L'ouverture plus large du processus normatif et des voies de sanction/réparation à l'ensemble des parties prenantes pourrait garantir une meilleure intégration de la norme environnementale dans le droit du transport maritime. Si le dialogue avec les collectivités locales est rendu complexe par leur statut, à la fois victimes, acteurs et entraves au droit, la place accrue des ONG, aujourd'hui limitée dans le cadre juridictionnel international, serait le gage de la réalisation de ces objectifs, et notamment d'une meilleure effectivité du droitSea transport has seen strong growth over the past 30 years, which impacts on the marine environment, an environment sensitive to pollution. Maritime law generally adheres to a wait-and-see approach, developed as a reaction to successive environmental disasters, and arising from a much-needed reconciliation of shipowners' economic interests and the pressing nature of environmental issues. The States' decision making process is strongly influenced by the economic importance of sea transport who, in their triple function of coastal State, port State and/or flag State are often driven to make legislations of convenience in tax, economic, social and environmental matters. Measures could be proposed to develop laws in order to establish a balance within the IMO, and restore a transparent and genuine link between States, fleets and shipowners. In fact, modern maritime law allows room, in particular through lobbying tools, for other parties who intervene on the enactment and implementation of the law ruled by governance procedures. This widening of the normative process and avenues for sanction/redress to all stakeholders could ensure a better integration of environmental standards in maritime law. If the dialogue with local authorities is complicated by their status, at the same time victims, actors and obstruction of rights, the development of NGOs, currently limited in the international jurisdictional framework, would guarantee these objectives are achieved, including a better effectiveness of the law. The experience gained in the field of a CIFRE thesis, within the legal department of Surfrider Foundation Europe illustrates and establishes these avenues of improvement
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Huggins, Christopher. "Local government transnational networking in Europe : a study of 14 local authorities in England and France". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2015. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/local-government-transnational-networking-in-europe(e90b229f-9a21-4dbb-986b-8240f8ffbcaa).html.
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Local authorities play a key role in European Union (EU) governance. They are no longer simply ‘passive receivers’ of EU policy, but proactively engage at the European level. This active engagement includes participation in local government transnational networking (LGTN), an activity which sees local authorities form links with their counterparts in other countries. The contemporary prevalence of LGTN presents an interesting empirical puzzle. Local authorities lack the formal competence to engage beyond their territories. Furthermore, since the financial crisis councils’ budgets have been restricted. Why, then, are local authorities participating in LGTN when they lack both the formal competence and the financial resources? This thesis tackles this puzzle. In particular it explores three broad questions relating to LGTN: - What is the extent of LGTN? - Why do local authorities participate? - What determines effective participation? By focusing on the local authorities within transnational networks, this thesis makes an empirical contribution to knowledge and informs a body of literature which has until now overlooked the perceptions of local actors in EU governance. It further informs conceptual debates surrounding multi-level governance and local level Europeanization. This focus is achieved through a cross-national analysis of 14 local authorities in south-east England and northern France, and adopting a qualitative empirical approach which draws data from semi-structured interviews, document analysis and participant observation. The findings show that LGTN continues to be a prevalent phenomenon and is therefore an important feature of the EU’s multi-level system of governance. However, engagement is not uniform. While all local authorities are involved, variation is present in the number of links councils engage in, the type of networks they target and their motivations for participation. In all cases, however, engagement in LGTN is driven by a rationalist logic, as councils seek to achieve individual pre-determined strategic aims and improve their relative positions. A number of local and external factors are shown to impact how effectively councils engage in LGTN and, ultimately, explains why the process of local level Europeanization is marked by differentiation rather than convergence.
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Mulinda, Charles Kabwete. "A space for genocide: local authorities, local population and local histories in Gishamvu and Kibayi (Rwanda)". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3491_1363784144.
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SALGADO, TAMARA JURBERG. "INTERNATIONAL ACTION IN SLUMS: DEVELOPMENT AND LOCAL PARTICIPATION". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=27829@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
A dissertação parte do desejo de investigar a ação de organizações internacionais e de organizações não governamentais em favelas, principalmente no Rio de Janeiro. Iniciar essa discussão demanda uma especulação se os modelos de projetos sociais utilizados por essas instituições em algumas comunidades são uma boa forma de criar a legitimidade necessária para trazer soluções que respeitem as visões de mundo e os anseios dos locais. A partir desta análise, a pesquisa pretende reconhecer a importância do local como sujeito de elaboração e execução dos seus próprios projetos através da construção compartilhada entre o local e o internacional. Há uma busca pela compreensão da lógica utilizada nesta forma de ação tanto pela via teórica quanto prática. Após a revisão bibliográfica, o trabalho analisa três projetos como forma de estudos de caso: i) Plataforma dos Centros Urbanos, do Unicef; ii) Jovens Construtores, do YouthBuild International em parceria com o Cedaps iii) Índice de Segurança da Criança, do Instituto Igarapé. Com isso, a pesquisa pretende repensar a lógica top-down da aplicação de projetos sociais.
The dissertation departs from the desire to investigate the action of international organizations and non-governmental organizations in slums (favelas), mainly in Rio de Janeiro. The discussion begins with the inquiry whether the kind of project used by these institutions in some communities is a good way to create the legitimacy necessary to bring solutions that respect the interests and point of view of locals. Based on this analysis, the research aims to establish the importance of the local as a subject responsible both for drafting and implementing their own projects through the shared construction between the local and the international. The study aims to understand the logic used in this type of action through both the theoretical and the practical way. After a literature review, the dissertation analyses three case studies: i) Platform for Urban Centers, from UNICEF ii) YouthBuild, from YouthBuild International in partnership with CEDAPS iii) Child Security Index, from the Igarapé Institute. Concluding, this research seeks to question the current top-down logic used in social projects.
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Vasilevskaya, Marina. "The phenomenon of federalism division of authorities, intrastate stability, and international behavior /". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
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Westcott, G. M. "The role of subjective factors in local authorities' action on climate change in South West England". Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2016. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/28966/.
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This study examines the question of whether subjective attitudes to climate change play a significant part in the determination of local authorities’ policy and actions on climate change mitigation; whether the personal views of council members and officers about climate change, their beliefs, fears and attitudes affect the outcomes in terms of policy and action, or whether organizational culture, norms and collectively policed limits to discourse have this effect; or whether, on the contrary, the influence of central government policy is so overwhelming that action and policy is determined almost wholly by external and objective influences. The research fills a gap in the literature in studying both subjective attitudes and socio-cultural factors together with external and material factors in order to assess the importance of the former. Interviews with officers and members of local authorities in the South West of England and other data identify that considerable reductions in councils’ own greenhouse emissions have been achieved, not wholly due to cutbacks and other contextual factors, but policy for more widespread carbon reduction in their geographical areas was more limited. Central government finance and policy were key determinants of action in all the local authorities studied, but significant differences between authorities are linked to differences in the prevalence of climate change dismissal. Psycho-social methods are used to achieve a more subtle and coherent view of individual attitudes to climate change, to identify relevant aspects of corporate culture, and to tease out how objective influences such as financial incentives and political pressures interact with these attitudes. The study finds that climate dismissal and denial present obstacles to carbon reduction initiatives and reduce the number which emerge; it also identifies the way organizational culture, including the growing dominance of financial and economic discourse, can constrain possibilities and proposals. Based on the interview data, I argue that financial incentives not only encourage but enable discussion of carbon reduction measures, and that severe budgetary constraints undermine a sense of agency as well as curtailing long term ambition in carbon reduction. Perceived lack of agency, at times deployed as a ‘tool of innocence’, also emerges as a key contributor to climate change dismissal, as well as more specific political and personal attitudes. Implications for policy at local and national level are derived from the research findings.
Książki na temat "International action of local authorities"
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Authority, Health Education. Promoting health!: Local authorities in action. London: Health Education Authority, 1991.
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Christian, Wellmann, red. From town to town: Local authorities as transnational actors. Hamburg: Lit, 1998.
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London Boroughs Disability Resource Team., red. Local authorities anddisability: Action for equality : conference report. London: London Boroughs Disability Resource Team, 1986.
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Kathina, Juma Monica, Suhrke Astri i Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, red. Eroding local capacity: International humanitarian action in Africa. Uppsala, Sweden: Nordiska AfrikaInstitutet, 2002.
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Hague, Barry N. Local authorities and a public service orientation: Ideas into action. Newcastle upon Tyne: Local Authority Management Unit, 1989.
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Bridge, Linda. Taking action on the coast: An introductory guide for local authorities. Maidstone: Coastlink, 2001.
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Aft, Richard N. Global vision and local action: The history of United Way International. [Cincinnati, Ohio]: Philanthropic Leadership, 2009.
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Justice and Public Life Brandeis University. International Center for Ethics. Global impact, local action: An interactive forum, February 7-11 2005, a week exploring the interplay of local action and global change. Waltham, MA: International Center for Ethics, Justice and Public Life, 2005.
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New Zealand. Office of the Auditor-General., red. Turning principles into action : a guide for local authorities on decision-making and consultation. Wellington, [N.Z.]: Office of the Auditor General, 2007.
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Momba, Jotham Chizyuka. Problems of effectiveness in service delivery, accountability, and transparency of local authorities in Zambia: Report of a study commissioned by the Transparency International. [Lusaka: s.n., 2007.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "International action of local authorities"
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Avdiushchenko, Anna. "Circular Economy in Poland: Main Achievements and Future Prospects". W Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 141–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57764-3_10.
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AbstractCircular economy (CE) is a new development strategy adopted by the European Union (EU) authorities in 2014, aiming to boost global competitiveness, foster sustainable economic growth, and generate new jobs. The CE approach maintains the added value in products for as long as possible and eliminates waste; moreover, it implies totally systemic change and innovation not only in technologies, but also in organization, society, finance methods, and policies. Such an approach leads to a new model of production and consumption and a new relationship between stakeholders at the local, regional, national, and EU levels. The first consideration of CE priorities in Poland started in 2016 when the Inter-ministerial Committee for Circular Economy was established. Representatives from nine ministries became committee members, and the chief document they prepared was the Roadmap for Circular Economy Transition. The document proposed an action plan for CE implementation and focused on increasing resource efficiency and waste reduction in Poland. Prepared with the active involvement of all possible stakeholders—businesses, NGOs, the academic and research community, and local and regional authorities—the Roadmap can be seen as a quick and effective guide. In addition to national government initiatives, there were numerous attempts to implement CE principles at the local and regional levels. The main goal of the current research was to examine the effectiveness of such national, regional, local, and business CE projects for influencing Poland’s CE transition during the past three years. This study reviews the main policy documents, reports, and expertise of national, international, regional, and local organizations and NGOs involved with CE in Poland. The research is also supported by a review of the relevant academic literature. As a result, it was possible to estimate the current level of achievement, as well as future prospects for CE in Poland. Moreover, this research identifies potential opportunities for updating existing planning policies and tools related to CE-based development in Poland.
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Efstratiou, Maria Adamantia. "From a lovely coast to a designated bathing beach: steps, challenges, legislative framework". W Monitoring of Mediterranean Coastal Areas: Problems and Measurement Techniques, 376–84. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0556-6.34.
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Offering good quality bathing beaches to the public is a necessity faced by Local and Tourist Authorities of coastal areas. Recreation by the sea or inland waters provides multiple benefits to local communities: health, physical and social activities, the local economy through the attraction of tourists. The increase of population in the coastal zone has caused an increase in the demand of recreational spaces.These days a multitude of coasts used (or with a potential to be used) for recreational purposes are not designated beaches. The benefits of their inclusion in the lists of designated bathing waters are substantial, because the regular microbiological monitoring safeguards public health. Additionally designated, monitored beaches become visible to international tourists through the relevant sites (i.e. in Europe through the European Environment Agency). To cover this emerging need for new monitored beaches we set a framework of actions necessary to transform a coastal recreation area to a designated bathing beach, suited for use with no health concerns. In this systematic, analytical, step by step Coastal Zone Management approach, we guide and support the competent authorities to design and develop a listed bathing beach.
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Short, John R., Stephen Fleming i Stephen J. G. Witt. "The local planning authorities". W Housebuilding, Planning and Community Action, 115–62. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003170228-4.
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Landau, Loren B. "Conclusion: Archipelagos and Estuaries: Mobility, Local Authorities and the Governance of Multiple Elsewheres". W International Migrations and Local Governance, 215–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65996-1_12.
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Jayawickrama, Janaka. "Zoom in: Interactions between local and international response". W An Introduction to Humanitarian Action, 27–29. London: Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003350279-3.
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Vincent-Mory, Claire. "Migrant Organizations and Local Government Cooperation for Development Programmes: A Comparative Analysis of Two Competing Local Authorities in Lyon, France". W International Migrations and Local Governance, 111–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65996-1_7.
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De Falco, Fabrizio. "Moving Text into Action: Local Careerism and International Crisis". W The New Middle Ages, 213–47. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43352-8_7.
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El-Manaseer, Omar Almakhzoumi, Khalid Alzubaidi, Abeer Abdul Aziz Brim, Bassam Abu Irmilah, Sarah Mahmoud Al-arasi, Jalal Mahmoud Hamdan Alkayid i Leen Mahmood Mamdouh Alkharraz. "The Role of Local and International Efforts in Enhancing Environmental Administrative Control Authorities". W Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 415–26. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76011-2_28.
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Agyemang-Bonsu, William Kojo, Kusum Lata i Vintura Silva. "Cities in the Context of Climate Change: Opportunities for Local Authorities in Climate Action in Africa". W Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements, 149–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3471-9_4.
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Shosh, Joseph M. "Toward the Construction of a Local Knowledge Base on Teaching and Learning by and for Teachers and Learners". W The Palgrave International Handbook of Action Research, 647–65. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-40523-4_39.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "International action of local authorities"
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Xiao, Xinyu, Yun Hu i Eryun Liu. "Local-to-Global Self-Consistency Learning for Temporal Action Localization". W 2024 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icme57554.2024.10688049.
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Tran, Kim Hoang, Phuc Vuong Do, Ngoc Quoc Ly i Ngan Le. "Unifying Global and Local Scene Entities Modelling for Precise Action Spotting". W 2024 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 1–8. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn60899.2024.10650009.
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AMRANI, Nouha, Ilona SKAČKAUSKIENĖ i Mohamed HEMMI. "PERFORMANCE PROCESS AND CONTEMPORARY PRACTICES IN MOROCCAN LOCAL AUTHORITIES: CASE STUDY OF URBAN MUNICIPALITY". W International Scientific Conference „Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering". Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2021.588.
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Purpose – the aim of this paper is to shed light on a contemporary issue related to performance practices and approaches in Local Authotities (LA) while studying the case of an urban municipality. Research methodology – the methodology applied is a documentary analysis of the Municipal Action Plan (MAP) and semi-directive interviews with territorial executives and elected officials who contributed to the MAP’s elaboration. Findings – the results obtained show that the municipality adopts a developed performance approach similar to what has been applied in public institution according to the organic law of Finance (LOLF). Rresearch limitations – the results cannot be generalized because of choosing a single case study. In addition, some questions in the interview contain technical words that the interviewee does not master, which also risks biasing our results. Practical implications – on the theoretical level, these results can be the starting point for future research in such issues. On the practical level, the results obtained sensitize territorial responsible about the importance of performance approach and inspire them to implement it. Originality/Value – this study in among the rarer that attempted to understand the process of performance approach in LA, especially in Moroccan context, where most research tends to deal with problems related to the budget and financial aspect which reflects originality and novelty.
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Litvin, Aurelia, i Cezara Fetescu. "Contribution of local public administration management to rural space development". W The 8th International Conference "Management Strategies and Policies in the Contemporary Economy". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2023.04.
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nternationally, the performance of a country's public services correlates with the level of public confidence in public administration, the dexterity of economic activities and, obviously, the standard of living of the population. Linking this to the barriers to LPAs discussed in Chapter II of this paper, the author is compelled to note that the Republic of Moldova needs to act urgently to increase and multiply the competences of LPA management in order to ensure economic prosperity, social cohesion and well-being. The concept of "performance" is identified with outstanding results, clearly superior to the results of similar action. Performance is an attribute that can be treated subjectively, as it is perceived differently by different people; for these reasons, certain minimum criteria for assessing performance should be drawn up and approved at national level, which would ensure the comparability of the results achieved by local public authorities, particularly in the development of rural areas.
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Abele, Lilita, Dina Barute, Lasma Ulmane-Ozolina i Baiba Rivza. "TRANSITION TO "PAPERLESS" MUNICIPALITY, LIEPAJA CASE". W 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/5.1/s21.081.
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Reducing the use of paper is, first and foremost, an essential factor for environmental economics and sustainability. Digital transformation is also one of the tools supporting the environmental economy, improving business efficiency and reducing costs in the following ways: reducing errors and processing times and increasing security and confidentiality. In the document on Digital Transformation Guidelines 2021-2027 (Cabinet of Ministers Order No 490 of 7 July 2021 on Digital Transformation Guidelines 2021-2027. https://likumi.lv/ta/id/324715), one of the visions of the action sub-action: Fully digitised and data-driven core activities of public administration (4.4.9.3) is "Public administrations and local authorities organise their work and cooperate exclusively digitally, using a single structured data space accessible to all authorities". Starting the digital transformation process and implementing an environmental economy requires planning, strategy development and a change of thinking in the company. For this reason, it is essential to understand the current situation and readiness for change. The aim of the study is to find out the preparedness of Liepaja state municipality companies to switch to a paperless municipality. The research highlights opportunities, weaknesses and recommendations for future work.
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Vasić, Milena, Vesna Karadžić, Dragana Jovanović, Miljan Ljubičić, Biljana Kilibarda i Verica Jovanović. "Strengthening capacities for implementation of International Health Regulations: SHARP JA experience". W Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges, 158. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24112v.
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Background: Joint Action on Strengthened International Health Regulations and Preparedness in the EU (SHARP JA) was implemented from 2019 to 2023. Work package 8 of this project dealt with training and local exercises, and exchange of working practices. Methods and Objectives: The objective of this paper is to present the trainings conducted during the SHARP JA with the aim to strengthen implementation of international health regulations (IHR) for serious cross-border health threats in the JA partner countries. Method of this paper was a review of published and unpublished reports and training materials developed under the WP8 activities. Results: The following trainings were conducted - IHR Basic Online-Training, In(tra)-Action Reviews (IAR) in an Online Setting, Online Tabletop exercise on Risk communication - "Vaccination Exercise", International Tabletop Exercise Points of Entry - Control Measures, Contact Tracing, Public Health Disaster Recovery Training, Workshop on Public Health Surveillance - lessons learned from COVID-19/Public Health Emergencies Detection and Surveillance, Training on the EU Common Ship Sanitation Database - Digital tool for supporting International Health Regulations implementation at Points of Entry, Chemical Safety and Chemical Threats. In total, 21 workshops/ trainings, 3 national exercises, and 2 study visits were organised in online and on-site settings with total number of 943 participants from 31 countries. The target audience for the trainings were the public health professionals from different sectors, actively involved in the implementation of IHR core capacities, risk communication experts, field epidemiologists from different sectors, laboratory experts, representatives of local, intermediate and national level authorities, National focal points for the IHR, persons working at a competent authority at a country central level (Ministry of Health, National Public Health Institute or other) dealing with chemical safety, etc. Conclusions: WP8 conducted online and on-site basic and advanced trainings that contributed to strengthening the competencies of public health professionals in the JA-SHARP partner countries.
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Lucente, Maria Francesca. "THE ENERGY COMMUNITY AS A TOOL FOR LOCAL DEVELOPMENT: NEW GOVERNANCE OF THE ENERGY MARKET". W 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/4.2/s17.78.
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The energy community, as a new mode of citizen participation in the European renewable energy market, highlights the close connection between energy decentralisation, territorial development, and the crucial role of local authorities in doing so. In the context of territorial development and keeping within the ongoing decentralisation processes, participation and sustainability is particularly important. Also, the very idea of promoting community energy, leads to the affirmation of an innovative system of energy governance, based on horizontal subsidiarity identifying these actors as the protagonists of a new local development, favouring forms of selfgovernment of particularly fragile territories and the most marginal areas. Since there is a common ground between the local authority and the energy community, this paper will also specifically highlight how local authorities are called upon to play an active role on the one hand, to pursue the public interest and the promotion of the common good. While on the other, the energy communities who have objectives and a juridical nature, makes them interests of the public authority. In fact, it can-t be argued that from the perspective of the energy community being a non-profit organization, it is aimed at promoting the protection of the economic interest of its members, as well as promoting a wider environmental and social benefit, which also generally extends to the entire local community.
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Skotnicka-Zasadzień, Bożena. "EVALUATION OF PRO-ECOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES INFLUENCING THE QUALITY OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ILLUSTRATED WITH AN EXAMPLE OF A SELECTED COMMUNE". W GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/04.
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In this study, the undertaken pro-ecological activities aimed at improving the quality of natural environment in one of the communes in southern Poland have been discussed. The presented evaluation of pro-ecological activities and their contribution to the improvement of the quality of natural environment in the examined commune from the perspective of the local community, commune authorities and the power company allows concluding that all these groups see the problem in the protection of natural environment. The residents of the commune have declared their active participation in the improvement of the quality of natural environment in the commune, especially the condition of air. The local power company, through its information policy and activities related to the energy policy of the commune, endeavours to shape pro-ecological attitudes and effectively reduces the negative impact of contamination on the condition of natural environment in the commune. The commune authorities seem to contribute the least to the improvement of natural environment; they definitely need to be more engaged and appoint a leader who would effectively implement sustainable development strategies and work on the improvement of natural environment.
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Januszewski, Arkadiusz, i Monika Klemke-Pitek. "TRAINING COVERAGE FOR LOCAL AUTHORITIES' EMPLOYEES LIFELONG LEARNING IN POLAND AS PART OF ACTIONS CO-FINANCED FROM THE EU FUNDS IN 2007-2013". W International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.1117.
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Klemke-Pitek, Monika, i Arkadiusz Januszewski. "TRAINING EVALUATION OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES' EMPLOYEES LIFELONG LEARNING IN POLAND AS PART OF ACTIONS CO-FINANCED FROM THE EU FUNDS IN 2007-2013". W International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.1130.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "International action of local authorities"
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Bano, Masooda. International Push for SBMCs and the Problem of Isomorphic Mimicry: Evidence from Nigeria. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/102.
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Establishing School-Based Management Committees (SBMCs) is one of the most widely adopted and widely studied interventions aimed at addressing the learning crisis faced in many developing countries: giving parents and communities a certain degree of control over aspects of school management is assumed to increase school accountability and contribute to improvements in learning. Examining the case of Nigeria, which in 2005 adopted a national policy to establish SBMCs in state schools, this paper reviews the evidence available on SBMCs’ ability to mobilise communities, and the potential for this increased community participation to translate into improved learning. The paper shows that while local community participation can help improve school performance, the donor and state supported SBMCs struggle to stay active and have positive impact on school performance. Yet for ministries of education in many developing countries establishing SBMCs remains a priority intervention among the many initiatives aimed at improving education quality. The paper thus asks what makes the establishment of SBMCs a priority intervention for the Nigerian government. By presenting an analysis of the SBMC-related policy documents in Nigeria, the paper demonstrates that an intervention aimed at involving local communities and developing bottom-up approaches to identifying and designing education policies is itself entirely a product of top-down policy making, envisioned, developed, and funded almost entirely by the international development community. The entire process is reflective of isomorphic mimicry—a process whereby organisations attempt to mimic good behaviour to gain legitimacy, instead of fixing real challenges. Adopting the policy to establish SBMCs, which is heavily promoted by the international development community and does not require actual reform of the underlying political-economy challenges hindering investment in education, enables education ministries to mimic commitment to education reforms and attain the endorsement of the international community without addressing the real challenges. Like all cases of isomorphic mimicry, such policy adoption and implementation has costs: national ministries, as well as state- and district-level education authorities, end up devoting time, resources, and energy to planning, designing, and implementing an intervention for which neither the need nor the evidence of success is established. Additionally, such top-down measures prevent state agencies from identifying local opportunities for delivering the same goals more effectively and perhaps at a lower cost. The paper illustrates this with the case of the state of Kano: there is a rich indigenous culture of supporting community schools, yet, rather than learning why local communities support certain kinds of school but not state schools, and trying to replicate the lessons in state schools, the SBMC model introduced is designed by development agencies at the national level and is administratively complicated and resource-intensive. The opportunity for local learning has not been realised; instead, both the agenda and the implementation framework have been entirely shaped by international aid agencies. The paper thus demonstrates how apparently positive policy interventions resulting from pressure exerted by the international community could be having unintended consequences, given the national-level political-economy dynamics.
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Hamid, Gamal M. Local level authorities and local action in Greater Khartoum, Sudan [Arabic]. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy2000.1003.
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Hagenlocher, Michael, Sanae Okamoto, Nidhi Nagabhatla, Stephan Dietrich, Jonathan Hassel, Sophie van der Heijden, Soenke Kreft i in. Building Climate Resilience: Lessons from the 2021 Floods in Western Europe. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), maj 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/incs5390.
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In July 2021, the Rhine-Meuse region straddling Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands was affected by devastating floods that have led to the loss of more than 240 lives and damage worth billions of Euros. The event was closely watched by regional agencies that had to organize response and recovery, and also received noticeable global attention. Diverse sets of responses and reflections accumulated among researchers, local and regional governments, local and international media, development organizations, public offices and citizen groups, wherein links to climate change and gaps in our preparedness for unexpected, extreme events were a common element of the discourse. In response to the floods, and in recognition of the cross-border effects of climate change, the United Nations University institutes in Belgium (UNU-CRIS), Germany (UNU-EHS) and the Netherlands (UNU-MERIT) have launched the “UNU Climate Resilience Initiative” with the aim to share knowledge, shape policy and drive action – and ultimately shift the focus from risk to proactive adaptation, innovation and transformation. Within the context of this initiative, researchers from the three institutes have conducted research in the flood affected areas and organized the two-day “Flood Knowledge Summit 2022: From Risks to Resilience”, which took place from 7 to 8 July 2022 in Maastricht, the Netherlands. Complementing existing national initiatives and efforts in the three countries, the event aimed to connect different actors – including affected citizens, first responders, authorities, researchers and civil society – from the region, the European Union (EU) and the Global South to share experiences, engage in dialogue and facilitate learning regarding how to strengthen climate resilience for all. This summit served to map various efforts to understand the data, information, governance and knowledge gaps at national, subnational and regional levels in order to address growing risks of climate change, including how to adapt to not only climate-induced extreme events like floods but also other hazard events, and created a regional momentum to support multidimensional efforts towards building resilience. Drawing on our research and outcomes of the Flood Knowledge Summit 2022, the UNU Climate Resilience Initiative has identified five key areas in which further research and action is needed to tackle climate risks and facilitate pathways towards climate resilience.
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Khamedov, Isa, i Igor Tsoy. Opportunities for Reforming Local Government in Uzbekistan: Insights from International Experience. TOSHKENT SHAHRIDAGI XALQARO VESTMINSTER UNIVERSITETI, marzec 2025. https://doi.org/10.70735/gykm9524.
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Recent amendments to Uzbekistan’s Constitution and the Law on Local State Authorities introduce a new framework for local governance reform, creating an unprecedented opportunity for decentralization and increased municipal autonomy. A critical conceptual challenge lies in determining whether local governance should primarily serve as a representative institution that voices the interests of citizens or as an administrative body executing state policies. The reform aligns with Uzbekistan’s Strategy-2030, emphasizing the importance of self-governance, strengthening local democratic institutions, and improving service delivery at the municipal level.
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Shanks, Rachel, i Nneoma Dike. School Clothing in Scotland Research Brief. University of Aberdeen, listopad 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/22140.
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Summary and main findings 1.Twelve of the 32 local authorities automatically pay school clothing grant to families who receive a qualifying benefit administered by the local authority such as Housing Benefit or income-related Council Tax reduction. 2.School uniform banks report difficulties that are created for families through uniform policies, for example requiring 100% black shoes, items with logos, tartan and hard to find colours, such as turquoise or maroon. 3.In 2022-23 there was a drop in the number of children for whom school clothing grant was awarded while the percentage of children living in poverty increased. A possible explanation for this drop is the provision of universal free school meals. Previously families would have been applying for both free school meals and clothing grant at the same time. This highlights the need to make it easier to receive school clothing grant. 4.Local authorities do not record information in terms of the Scottish Government’s 6 priority family groups for those applying for and/or receiving school clothing grant. Thus, local authorities cannot monitor if certain groups are less likely to apply for or receive the grant under their local Child Poverty Action Plans. 5.Eighteen local authorities have never paid more than the national minimum school clothing grant. However, other local authorities have taken a different approach, for example, in 2023-2024 East Dunbartonshire is providing double the national minimum school clothing grant (£240 for primary and £300 for secondary pupils). In 2022-2023 six authorities made an extra payment over the winter months ranging from £20 to £150.
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Sumpter, Cameron, i Yuslikha K. Wardhani. Hopes and Hurdles for Indonesia’s National Action Plan to Prevent Violent Extremism. RESOLVE Network, marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2022.2.sea.
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This policy note outlines the key details of Indonesia’s National Action Plan for P/CVE before discussing the evident challenges and opportunities moving forward. The ambitious strategy (known by its Indonesian acronym, RAN PE) could decentralize P/CVE programming in Indonesia, facilitate the formalization of working relationships between civil society organizations and local government authorities, mainstream gender perspectives, and streamline activities to improve targeting and avoid overlap. But constructive outcomes will depend on overcoming thorny obstacles, such as coordinating the varied interests, motivations, and capacities of the many stakeholders involved, and allaying concerns over applicable definitions that some perceive as overly broad and possibly divisive.
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McLees, John. The Impact of Tax Compliance Policies on Foreign Investment Decisions. Inter-American Development Bank, czerwiec 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008541.
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This document identifies tax compliance issues that have the potential to create significant barriers to foreign investment in Latin America and suggests some steps that local tax authorities and the international tax community can take.
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Döring, Thomas, i Michael Thöne. Klimaschutz als kommunale Aufgabe - Ökonomische Rechtfertigung, föderale Zuständigkeitsverteilung und Festlegung des Objektbereichs. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, styczeń 2025. https://doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783947850112.
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Contrary to superficial considerations that climate protection should be regarded solely as a national, if not primarily supranational, govern-mental task, measures to combat climate change and its negative con-sequences require political action at all federal levels from an economic perspective. This explicitly includes the level of local authorities. In view of this, this article draws on the economic theory of federalism to identify the most important justification arguments for a significant municipal contribution to climate protection and adaptation. This is followed by a closer look at the fundamental options for shaping legis-lative, implementation and financing powers in relation to climate poli-cy measures by local authorities. Finally, there is a more detailed con-sideration of the different starting points for climate protection and ad-aptation measures at local authority level.
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Seferis, Louisa, Guhad Adan, Becky Carter, Kamila Hassan i Paul Harvey. Power, Trust, and Pre-Cooked Programmes: The Accountability of Social Assistance in Somalia. Institute of Development Studies, kwiecień 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2024.003.
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Social assistance in Somalia has become deeply embedded in the country’s political economy and struggles with systemic diversion and corruption, which negatively affects how programmes on accountability of aid function in practice (Majid et al. 2021; Ground Truth Solutions 2023; Africa’s Voices Foundation 2022b; Loop Somalia 2023). This paper examines systems for accountability of social assistance in Somalia. It explores how and why accountability outcomes and pathways are not working for people, particularly for marginalised groups. It is based on consultations with people receiving social assistance, community representatives and leaders, community-based organisations, local authorities, local and international non-governmental organisations, United Nations agencies, international donors, and the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. The report examines opportunities for strengthening accountability capacities and pathways based on community-generated suggestions and feedback from social assistance decision makers.
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Carter, Becky, i Paul Harvey. A Literature Review on Social Assistance and Capacity in Yemen. Institute of Development Studies, październik 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2023.003.
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Yemen is experiencing one of the worst crises in the world in terms of levels of suffering and humanitarian need. Intense civil war since 2014 has devastated the national economy, and approximately two-thirds of the population (21.6 million people) were assessed as being in need of humanitarian assistance and protection services in 2023 (OCHA 2023a). In response to such huge levels of need, a substantial humanitarian aid operation has been ongoing for the past eight years. The social assistance landscape in Yemen is a complex mix of humanitarian aid and the legacies of social protection systems, with local institutions still playing a role in the delivery of assistance. This paper reviews the literature, looking at the following issues: how best to balance humanitarian and social protection approaches; how to balance meeting acute immediate needs and support for longer-term systems in an ongoing conflict; and how to maintain support in the face of donor fatigue, and a complex and dynamic political landscape in Yemen. In a context where aid actors are committed to localisation, and in order to strengthen the nexus between development, humanitarian and peace-building approaches, it is vital to understand how local capacities have been affected by conflict and how the international aid effort is trying to engage with national and local actors. However, efforts to strengthen local capacities also need to take into account the divided governance in Yemen, ongoing conflict, and tensions between the main donor governments’ funding of assistance and the de facto authorities in the north of Yemen. This paper provides an empirical building block that will help to inform efforts to engage with local capacities by comprehensively mapping the complex mix of local and national actors involved in the management, delivery and regulation of social assistance. This review summarises the key literature and evidence on the capacities of national and international actors involved in providing social assistance in Yemen. It has been undertaken to inform a Yemen study on social assistance capacities and systems, part of the Better Assistance in Crises (BASIC) Research programme.[1] The primary audience is donors providing social assistance in Yemen, to help their decision-making on how to support local actors’ capacities for social assistance. Social assistance refers to the non-contributory transfers (provided as food, cash or vouchers) to poor and vulnerable households and individuals. Today in Yemen these transfers support millions of people, funded by humanitarian and development aid, and implemented by international aid agencies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) with national quasi-governmental bodies and national and local NGOs. Other local stakeholders (national and local governance authorities in the north and south of the country, and community members and beneficiaries) are also involved. This Yemen study feeds into broader BASIC Research work on the resilience of social protection systems in crises. We draw on the inception review by Slater, Haruna and Baur (2022) to frame our understanding of capacity along three interlinked dimensions: institutional, organisational and individual capacities. We found a small published literature on capacities for social assistance in Yemen (mainly donor and aid agency strategic and programme documents and some independent analysis of aid effectiveness). In this report, we summarise the political economy of international support in Yemen (Section 2). We map the social assistance landscape (Section 3), as well as the capacities of key national actors (Section 4) and international actors (Section 5 and Annexe). Section 5 sets out some preliminary conclusions.