Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Internal Combustion Engines”
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Adil, H., S. Gerguri i J. Durodola. "Evolution of Materials for Internal Combustion Engines Pistons". International Journal of Research and Review 10, nr 8 (10.08.2023): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230827.
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Piston is one of the most important components in an internal combustion engine which transfers combustion energy to the crankshaft via a connecting rod. Increase in an engine’s efficiency has somehow necessitated improvement in the piston. This improvement can be achieved by better piston design or using material with superior mechanical properties. Engineers have experimented with different materials for pistons since the introduction of internal combustion engines. This paper reviews the evolution of materials for pistons since the beginning of automotive industry to present day and analyses the properties that attracted engineers to use these materials. The paper also focuses on newly developed materials that have the potentials to replace current piston materials and the work that is taking place. The current trend of changing from diesel to petrol in small internal combustion engines and the affect this will have on piston materials has been analysed. Keywords: Aluminium, Combustion Engine, Nanostructured, Piston Material, Piston.
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Marchenko, A. P., I. V. Parsadanov i O. P. Strokov. "INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES AND ENVIRONMENT". Internal Combustion Engines, nr 2 (15.11.2022): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/0419-8719.2022.2.01.
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Solution of energy and environmental problems is one of the main tasks of modern times. This paper points out the role of internal combustion engines, especially diesel engines, in the global energy sector and specifically in road transport, consumption of natural resources, negative impact on the environment and global warming. The directions for further improving the efficiency of diesel engines and power plants in road transport are given. These directions are related to the implementation of existing reserves to improve engine efficiency, design, manufacturability, environmental performance and the use of alternative fuels. The leading role of the internal combustion engine as a power plant for vehicles will be complemented in the future by the increased use of hybrid plants consisting of a diesel engine, electric generator, drive motors, energy storage, microprocessor control and optimum control systems. Hybrid plants will be used in passenger transport for urban and intercity haulage, to be installed on private vehicles. When adapted to hybrid plants transmissions, the concept of diesel engine improvement will change in the direction of providing higher operating efficiencies, economic and environmental performance in high boost modes while simplifying its design.
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Ju, Canze. "Analysis of the Research Status of Internal Combustion Engines". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 53 (30.06.2023): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v53i.9728.
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Since the internal combustion engine came out in the 1960s, it has become a relatively perfect machine through continuous improvement and development. Internal combustion engine has many advantages, such as thermal efficiency, high power, wide speed range, convenient matching and good mobility, so it has been widely used. All kinds of automobiles and tractors, agricultural machinery, engineering machinery and small mobile power stations in the world are powered by internal combustion engines. Ships, conventional submarines and some small aircraft are also propelled by internal combustion engines. The number of internal combustion engines in the world ranks first in the power machinery and plays a very important role in human activities. In the aspect of human technology, any successful invention can not be achieved overnight. The development of the internal combustion engine is the same. The internal combustion engine has gone through many stages of development and has been improved one after another. This paper mainly introduces the historical development of heat engines, and the improvement and use of different types of heat engines in the development.
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Mahnaz Zameni, Mahdi Ahmadi i Arash Talebi. "Estimation of the mean effective pressure of a spark ignition internal combustion engine using a neural network, considering the wall-wetting dynamics". Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 19, nr 2 (30.05.2024): 010–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2024.19.2.0073.
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The management and development of internal combustion engines stand as critical pursuits within the automotive and related industries. Utilizing cylinder pressure as feedback, engine controllers rely on intricate systems to regulate performance. However, due to the inherent complexity and nonlinearity of engines, direct measurement of cylinder pressure through pressure sensors is costly and computationally demanding. Consequently, the need for accurate and detailed engine models becomes paramount. Neural networks offer a promising avenue for simulating internal combustion engines, combining speed and precision. By treating the engine as an enigmatic entity, neural networks can construct detailed models. This study aims to employ two types of neural networks—multilayer perceptron and radial basis functions—to train and build a model of an internal combustion engine. These networks will simulate and estimate the engine's mean suitable pressure, allowing for a comparison of their effectiveness. Prior to implementing the neural network architecture, an engine model was constructed in MATLAB to gather necessary training data. This preliminary step ensured a robust foundation for subsequent network design and implementation. In summary, this research focuses on leveraging neural networks to model internal combustion engines, utilizing both multilayer perceptron and radial basis functions to simulate engine behavior and estimate mean suitable pressure.
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Bakhodir, Tursunbaev, Fayzullaev Khasan i Tursunbaev Temur. "Checking the Mechanisms of Internal Combustion Engines for the Presence of Parasitic Forces Using a New Methodology". International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications 12, nr 1 (28.02.2024): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20241201.14.
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This article presents the results of a study of internal combustion engines equipped with a crank mechanism according to the efficiency criterion using a new method for determining the operating efficiency of machines and engines. The study revealed the presence of parasitic forces in internal combustion engines equipped with a crank mechanism. The occurrence of parasitic forces present in internal combustion engines and the law of their dependence on the movement of the piston have been studied. As well as the negative impact of parasitic forces on engine efficiency. This article presents the main results of the study. As a result of the research, it was revealed that when converting the thermal energy generated in the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines equipped with a crank mechanism into mechanical work, more than 30% of the energy of the pressure force is spent on parasitic forces. The influence of the mechanical friction force (friction of the plain bearings) with the crankshaft on the effective torque was also studied. Thus, the inefficiency of internal combustion engines equipped with a crank mechanism has been theoretically and practically proven. Finally, recommendations are given for eliminating parasitic forces when designing new internal combustion engines. It is proposed to equip new internal combustion engines with mechanisms without parasitic forces. Equipping internal combustion engines with a mechanism that does not contain parasitic forces (that is, equipping them with more efficient mechanisms) significantly increases the possibility of efficient use of the thermal energy of the fuel introduced into the combustion chamber in internal combustion engines. Consequently, this increases the engine efficiency by 130%. or more. For internal combustion engines, a new mechanism is recommended that eliminates the loss of force and allows the use of rolling bearings. This feature of the new mechanism makes it possible to increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines by another 4-6%. From previous studies it is known that the efficiency of a rolling bearing relative to a plain bearing is more than 2-3 times.
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Gu, Chik Sum Jayden, Mingjian Xu, Xiao Tan i Yanrong Zhao. "Comprehensive Comparison of Traditional Engines and Emerging Alternatives". Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 72, nr 1 (24.05.2024): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/72/20240652.
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As the natural environment deteriorates, electric vehicles will gradually replace internal combustion engines that use traditional fossil fuels. This paper compares traditional engines to alternatives regarding efficiency, emissions, price, and market share. In brief, alternative engines have advantages over traditional internal combustion engines in terms of efficiency, emissions, and long-term overhead, as evidenced by rising market share. In 2022, the share of electric vehicles in global sales has reached 14%. Compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, electric vehicles have a higher well-to-wheel efficiency, up to more than twice of internal combustion engine vehicles. From a price perspective, electric vehicles have a higher original cost. However, lower maintenance costs allow electric vehicles to achieve the same cost as equivalent combustion engines in 5-8 years. Electric vehicles typically have low well-to-wheel and fuel emissions and are more sustainable. In the future, more research and development are needed for electric vehicles to make them suitable for most cities worldwide. At the same time, research into the traditional internal combustion engine should be addressed, as cleaner, more efficient engines such as the HCCI engines are already available for civilian use.
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Zheng, Daopeng. "Evolution of engines: From steam to turbojet". Theoretical and Natural Science 31, nr 1 (7.03.2024): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/31/20241149.
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Engines, the mechanical workhorses powering modern societies, have a rich historical evolution, the Industrial Revolution marks a turning point, James Watts improvements, the rise of internal combustion engines, first with Nikolaus Ottos four-stroke cycle, later Rudolf Diesels compression-ignition engine. These engines fueled the automotive and aviation revolutions. In contrast, the Stirling engine, patented by Robert Stirling in 1816, offered a unique closed-cycle operation. Engines, from steam to internal combustion, continue to underpin technological advancements, shaping economies, industries, and daily life. This paper comprehensively analyzes the development and significance of four major engine types: the steam engine, the internal combustion engine, the Stirling engine, and the turbojet engine. The analysis encompasses various aspects, including their principles of operation, historical contexts, and practical applications. The paper concludes that these engines have played pivotal roles in shaping human history and technological progress. From the steam engines impact on industrialization to the internal combustion engines revolution of transportation, the Stirling engines potential for sustainable power generation, and the turbojet engines transformation of aviation and military capabilities, each engine type has made a unique and vital contribution to our worlds advancement. This narrative of engine evolution reflects human ingenuity and our ceaseless pursuit of technological innovation.
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Зезюлин, Denis Zezyulin, Макаров, Дорохин, Sergey Dorokhin, Клубничкин, Evgeniy Klubnichkin, Клубничкин i Vladislav Klubnichkin. "CREATING ENERGY-EFFICIENT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES". Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 3, nr 1 (16.03.2016): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18834.
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The paper presents various versions of the energy efficient designs of internal combustion engines operating on liquid hydrocarbon fuels. In the present designs of engines uses a nano material to pass into the combustion chamber for the combustible mixture only pure oxygen, with nitrogen being passed that will significantly improve thermal process in the engine.
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Tran, Viet Dung, Prabhakar Sharma i Lan Huong Nguyen. "Digital twins for internal combustion engines: A brief review". Journal of Emerging Science and Engineering 1, nr 1 (2.09.2023): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.61435/jese.2023.5.
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The adoption of digital twin technology in the realm of internal combustion (IC) engines has been attracting a lot of interest. This review article offers a comprehensive summary of digital twin applications and effects in the IC engine arena. Digital twins, which are virtual counterparts of real-world engines, allow for real-time monitoring, diagnostics, and predictive modeling, resulting in improved design, development, and operating efficiency. This abstract digs into the creation of a full virtual depiction of IC engines using data-driven models, physics-based simulations, and IoT sensor data. The study looks at how digital twins can potentially be used throughout the engine's lifespan, including design validation, performance optimization, and condition-based maintenance. This paper emphasizes the critical role of digital twins in revolutionizing IC engine operations, resulting in enhanced reliability, decreased downtime, and enhanced emissions control through a methodical analysis of significant case studies and innovations.
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Yin, Ruoyu. "Current situation and looking-forward advancement of internal combustion engine". Applied and Computational Engineering 26, nr 1 (7.11.2023): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/26/20230835.
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With a history of over 100 years, the internal combustion engine has undergone continuous technological advancements, making it widely utilized in various sectors such as industry, agriculture, and transportation. This is due to its high thermal efficiency and broad power range. However, the rapid growth of the global economy has led to a significant increase in the number of internal combustion engines, resulting in heightened energy consumption and environmental pollution concerns. Consequently, new technical requirements have been imposed on internal combustion engines. One key focus for researchers in this field has been improving the fuel economy of internal combustion engines. Through relentless efforts, remarkable progress has been made in producing economy cars with fuel consumption as low as 3 liters per 100 Km. Additionally, the growing demand for environmental protection has sparked increased attention toward reducing harmful emissions from internal combustion engines, which has become a topic of shared concern. In this article, the researcher will delve into the developmental journey of traditional internal combustion engines and explore the advantages and disadvantages of each engine type.
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Liu, Mengfei. "Application and Characteristics of Hydrogen in Alternative Fuels for Internal Combustion Engines". Trends in Renewable Energy 10, nr 2 (2024): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17737/tre.2024.10.2.00173.
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Petroleum has been used as the power source for internal combustion engines for hundreds of years. Nowadays, the problems of fossil energy shortage and environmental pollution are becoming increasingly serious. In response to China's carbon neutrality strategy, it is urgent to seek alternative fuels that can replace petroleum as the power source of internal combustion engines. The challenges of alternative fuels include reducing post-combustion pollutant emissions and being able to recycle them while maintaining the original engine performance. Using hydrogen as fuel can reduce automobile exhaust emissions, promote the development of hydrogen internal combustion engines, and achieve sustainable social and economic development. This article reviews the ideality of hydrogen as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines and the combustion characteristics of hydrogen internal combustion engines. The bottleneck problems (such as abnormal combustion, NOx emission control and power recovery) that need to be solved urgently in the development of hydrogen internal combustion engines are pointed out. It’s found that these problems can be solved by the combination of software simulation and experimental verification in practice.
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DAHOU, Gédéon Marlein, David G. F. ADAMON i Tognon Clotilde GUIDI. "Prospective Study of the Main Internal Combustion Engines Running on Hydrogen: State of the Art". International Journal of Research and Review 11, nr 4 (19.04.2024): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240426.
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Several studies have revealed the high GHG emissions of the road sector compared with other sectors. One alternative is to replace fossil fuels with others that are less harmful to the environment. Hydrogen is positioned as an adaptable solution for existing engines, especially internal combustion engines. This article presents an analysis of internal combustion engines and the different fuels used to date. In addition, the properties of hydrogen, and the current state of research into the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines, are discussed. After a presentation of the properties of hydrogen, it goes on to describe the hydrogen combustion process, the possible anomalies caused by its properties, and a few possible modifications for adapting an internal-combustion engine to hydrogen, initially using either gasoline or diesel. Keywords: Hydrogen - Engine design - Combustion - Sustainable development - Vehicle
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Gao, Wenzhi, Zhen Fu, Yong Li, Yuhuai Li i Jiahua Zou. "Progress of Performance, Emission, and Technical Measures of Hydrogen Fuel Internal-Combustion Engines". Energies 15, nr 19 (9.10.2022): 7401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197401.
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To achieve the goals of low carbon emission and carbon neutrality, some urgent challenges include the development and utilization of low-carbon or zero-carbon internal combustion engine fuels. Hydrogen, as a clean, efficient, and sustainable fuel, has the potential to meet the abovementioned challenges. Thereby, hydrogen internal combustion engines have been attracting attention because of their zero carbon emissions, high thermal efficiency, high reliability, and low cost. In this paper, the opportunities and challenges faced by hydrogen internal-combustion engines were analyzed. The progress of hydrogen internal-combustion engines on the mixture formation, combustion mode, emission reduction, knock formation mechanism, and knock suppression measures were summarized. Moreover, possible technical measures for hydrogen internal-combustion engines to achieve higher efficiency and lower emissions were suggested.
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Cardoso, Daniel Silva, Paulo Oliveira Fael, Pedro Dinis Gaspar i António Espírito-Santo. "An Innovative Mechanical Approach to Mitigating Torque Fluctuations in IC Engines during Idle Operation". Designs 8, nr 3 (17.05.2024): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs8030047.
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Internal combustion engines have been a major contributor to air pollution. Replacing these engines with electric propulsion systems presents significant challenges due to different countries’ needs and limitations. An active, purely mechanical solution to the problem of irregular torque production in an alternative internal combustion engine is proposed. This solution uses an actuator built on a camshaft and a spring, which stores and returns energy during the engine operating cycle, allowing torque production to be normalized, avoiding heavy flywheels. Designed for control throughout the engine’s duty cycle, this system incorporates a cam profile and a spring mechanism. The spring captures energy during the expansion stroke, which is then released to the engine during the intake and compression strokes. Simple, lightweight, and efficient, this system ensures smoother and more consistent engine operations. It presents a viable alternative to the heavy and problematic dual-mass flywheels that were introduced in the 1980s and are still in use. This innovative approach could significantly enhance the performance and reliability of alternative internal combustion engines without notable energy losses.
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Okokpujie, I. P., A. O. Ojo, B. A. Adaramola, M. Oladimeji, R. I. Ogundele i C. J. Abiodun. "Study of Corrosion, Wear, and Thermal Analysis of Materials for Internal Combustion Engines and their Compatibility: A Review". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1322, nr 1 (1.03.2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1322/1/012007.
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Abstract Several types of research have been carried out on using alternative biofuel in internal combustion engines to salvage the depletion of fossil fuels. While most of these studies focused on the emission characteristics and control of global warming, little attention has been given to the corrosion, wear, thermal behaviour, and compatibility of the internal combustion engine materials to biodiesel. Thus, this study focused on the various corrosion and wear mechanisms associated with the internal combustion engine components like piston and cylinder heads, as well as the thermal behaviour efficiencies of the engine after interaction with the biodiesel fuels. The review cut across the wear study of internal combustion engine materials in varying fuel environments. Thermal analysis of different materials applied for internal combustion engines for sustainable fuel media. Corrosion study of various materials employed in the application of ICE engines. Also, the study discusses some significant challenges related to the compatibility of ICE with biodiesel and gaseous fuels. The study’s outcome indicates that an adequate fuel blend with nano additives can help improve the combustion process, emission reduction, and thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine components. Furthermore, practical design in the internal combustion engine components like pistons will help compatibility with the material in the biodiesel blends, thus reducing wear, corrosion, and other failures associated with the internal combustion engine.
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Shang, Huichao, Li Zhang, Bin Chen i Xi Chen. "Experimental test and thermodynamic analysis on scaling-down limitations of a reciprocating internal combustion engine". Science Progress 103, nr 3 (lipiec 2020): 003685042093573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420935731.
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Due to the enormous energy densities of liquid hydrocarbon fuels for future utilization on micro scale, there is a concern about the feasibility of scaling down reciprocating internal combustion engines from small scale to meso scale. By building a specialized test bench, the performance and combustion characteristics of a miniature internal combustion engine with a displacement of 0.99 cc were tested, and the thermodynamic simulation was carried out to achieve a more complete understanding of in-cylinder mass and energy change of the miniature internal combustion engine. The miniature internal combustion engine had higher brake-specific fuel consumption, lower thermal efficiency, lower brake mean effective pressure, and serious cyclic variation; however, friction mean effective pressure seems to be less sensitive to engine speed. Simulation results showed that the miniature internal combustion engine had a poor volumetric efficiency, which was not more than 50%. The step-by-step processes of scaling down the miniature internal combustion engine were also simulated; it was found that the maximum indicated mean effective pressure loss was due to the imperfection of gas exchange processes, and the next was the imperfection of combustion. It is considered that for the scaled-down miniature internal combustion engines, more attention should be pay on improving the processes of gas exchange and combustion, and achieving meso-scale internal combustion engines with cylinder bore less than 1 mm is thermodynamically possible in future if these imperfections, especially that of the gas exchange process, can be effectively perfected.
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Mahnaz Zameni, Mahdi Ahmadi i Arash Talebi. "Creating a neural network-based model to predict the exhaust gas temperature of the internal combustion engine". GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 19, nr 1 (30.04.2024): 079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2024.19.1.0147.
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The regulation and improvement of the performance of internal combustion engines is a continual primary focus of research and development activities conducted within the automobile industry and other relevant sectors. To succeed in reaching this objective, it is necessary to have an accurate and complete model of these engines. However, due to internal combustion engines' complex and nonlinear nature, accurately replicating their behavior may be challenging and time-consuming. Neural networks are a potentially useful strategy for simulating these engines successfully since they offer a solution that strikes a healthy balance between speed and precision. This research investigates the process of building a model of an internal combustion engine by using not one but two separate kinds of neural networks: multilayer perceptrons and radial basis functions. These neural networks aim to simulate and make predictions about the temperature of the engine's exhaust gas. They are especially useful for modeling nonlinear systems because of their incredible convergence speed and excellent accuracy levels.
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PRISACARIU, Vasile, i Alexandru TUDOSIE. "CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING JET ENGINE COMBUSTOR PARAMETERS". Review of the Air Force Academy XX, nr 1 (22.12.2022): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2022.20.1.6.
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The thermo-gas dynamics of fuel combustion in the combustor of aircraft engines involves thermochemical activity and combustion dynamics, but also the geometric volume of the combustion process. Research around the topic provides clues regarding the fluctuations of the combustor’s performance depending on the fuels used and the kinetics of the gas mixture determined by the internal geometry of the combustor, clues that can help initiate numerical approaches regarding the optimization of the mixture and combustion temperatures. The article proposes an approach to the combustion process in jet engines both from the perspective of the fuels used and from the perspective of combustion thermo-gas dynamics through numerical analyzes designed to highlight the relevant parameters and performances of the jet engine combustor.
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Grishin, Evgeniy L., Artem V. Zaitsev i Evgeniy G. Kuzminykh. "Ensuring Occupational Safety and Health through Ventilation in Underground Mines with Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles on Duty". Вестник Пермского национального исследовательского политехнического университета. Геология. Нефтегазовое и горное дело 20, nr 3 (sierpień 2020): 280–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2712-8008/2020.3.8.
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Increasing production capacities and developing ventilation systems in underground mines challenge mining enterprises to enhance the output level of applied mining and ventilation facilities. Most of the rock loading and transporting mining machinery at ore deposits is powered by diesel internal combustion engines. Insufficient ventilation or wrong approaches to determining the amount of air required to dilute the main components of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, including carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, can result in poisoning or even death of mining workers. However, most production facilities make their ventilation systems operate at the capacity limits without any opportunities to increase their technical reserves. This fact has a direct impact on safety of mining operations. We present methods and equations aimed at determining the required air quantity for the operating areas of the vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines and the underground mines at their designing and operation stages. The analysis of regulatory documentation shows that there is no requirement to airflow rate per power unit of internal combustion engines. Therefore, we propose an approach that meets up-to-date industrial safety requirements based on the actual emissions of harmful components, performance parameters of internal combustion engines and emission standards guaranteed by manufacturers though confirming an engine’s emission class compliance. The proposed methods will allow us to enhance workplace safety at underground mines where internal combustion engine equipment is on duty, and to increase the efficiency of designing new blocks, horizons and mines by eliminating unreasonable reserves when selecting mining and ventilation equipment.
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Maya Kerimova, Sakina Abbasova, Maya Kerimova, Sakina Abbasova. "IMPROVEMENT OF INTELLIGENT INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES". PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 27, nr 06 (25.08.2023): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/piretc27062023-65.
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Research investigations of the solutions of internal combustion engine control problems based on artificial intelligence systems are quite relevant. The power of ship devices and mechanisms is increasing, the requirements for accuracy, reliability, speed and other indicators of the quality of control processes are increasing, increased operational requirements related to economy and efficiency of ship systems and equipment. Currently, there are a lot of studies which are successfully performed to create the installations with a higher degree of automation – adaptive (intelligent) internal combustion engines, including a class of marine diesel installations. This term means the Engine controlled by adaptive automatic control systems with elements of artificial intelligence that can apprehend and analyses quite complicated and changeable ambient and take a decision. However, the problematic issues of adapting a piston engine in operating conditions are still under study and theoretical conceptualization. In this article, a study of the scientific and technical problem of improving the operational qualities of intelligent marine diesel installations is carried out. The problem has a great technical importance and requires scientific substantiation of the directions of both improving the operational qualities and reliability of existing models, and identifying ways to modernize existing structures of marine diesel installations. Кeywords: internal combustion engines, marine diesel, intelligent engine, adaptive systems, adaptive motors, microprocessor controls, controlling algorithm, neural networks.
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Hu, Bile, Leyang Pan, Ruishen Yang i Chenrui Zhou. "Comparative Study on the Performance of Traditional Engines and Various Substitutes". Theoretical and Natural Science 5, nr 1 (25.05.2023): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/5/20230448.
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As the global climate starts to change due the exploitation of natural resources by human, internal combustion engines are no longer the favorite son of mankind. Instead, alternatives such as hybrid power systems and electric motors have drawn the attention of various car manufacturers and numerous scholars from worldwide. At the same time, the automobile industry has not given up internal combustion engines yet, and kept producing innovative engine designs aiming to minimize the negative impact of fossil-fuels on the environment. By researching, analyzing, and comparing data and information from various sources, this article will discuss the fundamentals and working basics of internal combustion engines, hybrid power systems and electric motors, the iconic innovations on internal combustion engines by several car manufacturers, and will compare traditional engines and its alternatives through various aspects. This essay will mainly focus on internal combustion engines and some of the more environmentally friendly alternatives available today, as well as a comparison between them and their advantages and disadvantages.
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Virgil Petrescu, Relly Victoria. "Internal Combustion Engines Forces". Journal of Mechatronics and Robotics 3, nr 1 (1.01.2019): 497–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jmrsp.2019.497.520.
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Толмачев, D. Tolmachev, Голубенко i Natalya Golubenko. "ABOUT THE QUESTION OF CHEMMOTOLOGY OF MOTOR OILS AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR GAS ENGINE". Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, nr 2 (17.12.2015): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19362.
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The article describes some of chemmotology processes in systems: engine oil – elements of internal combustion engines. Motor oil is regarded as an important element in the construction of an internal combustion engine, and it is necessary to make quantitative description of its condition which changing over time for its operability forecasting. In connection with the increasing number of vehicles with gas engines, the topics of necessity of special engine oils use for the gas internal combustion engine and of monitoring of their quality indicators are mentioned
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Deva, Dinesh. "Combustion and Emission Study of Ethanol Blended Fuels in IC Engines". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 4 (30.04.2022): 1050–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41441.
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Abstract: As the most attractive heat engines, internal combustion engines are widely applied for various applications worldwide. These engines convert the chemical energy of the fuel to mechanical energy by the combustion phenomenon, which causes fuel to burn through fuel-air interaction and produce exhaust emissions. Spark ignition and compression ignition are two main categories of these engines differing in combustion mechanism. The conventional fuels of the noted engines are gasoline and diesel. With the population increase and the industrialization of societies, the use of internal combustion engines has become dramatically greater, causing several problems. Air pollution resulting from fuel combustion could be stated as one of the challenges that leads to the temperature rise of the earth and climate changes. The other problem is limited fossil fuels consumed by these engines. Additionally, health issues can be threatened by polluted air. Hence, renewable fuels were introduced as a vital key to overcome the obstacles. Biogas, liquefied petroleum gas, hydrogen, and alcohol are of well-known eco-friendly fuels. Among them, alcohol has drawn extensive attention due to its specific physical and chemical properties. Ethanol as alcohol with a high octane number, oxygen content, and low carbon to hydrogen ratio is a proper candidate to be used as an alternative fuel in internal combustion engines. Herein, the effect of ethanol on combustion and emission procedures is briefly reviewed. Moreover, the ethanol blends' effectiveness as a renewable fuel internal combustion engine is discussed. Furthermore, the measure of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen emissions is compared with the values created by pure gasoline/diesel combustion to analyze the emissions produced as pollution using ethanol blends. Keywords: Internal Combustion Engine, Combustion, Emission, Renewable Fuel, Ethanol Blend
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Minh, Thang Nguyen, Hieu Pham Minh i Vinh Nguyen Duy. "A review of internal combustion engines powered by renewable energy based on ethanol fuel and HCCI technology". AIMS Energy 10, nr 5 (2022): 1005–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.20220046.
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<abstract> <p>In general, as compared to conventional combustion engines, the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine offers better fuel efficiency, NOx, and particulate matter emissions. The HCCI engine, on the other hand, is not connected to the spark plugs or the fuel injection system. This implies that the auto-ignition time and following combustion phase of the HCCI engine are not controlled directly. The HCCI engine will be confined to a short working range due to the cold start, high-pressure rate, combustion noise, and even knocking combustion. Biofuel innovation, such as ethanol-powered HCCI engines, has a lot of promise in today's car industry. As a result, efforts must be made to improve the distinctive characteristics of the engine by turning the engine settings to different ethanol mixtures. This study examines the aspects of ethanol-fueled HCCI engines utilizing homogenous charge preparation procedures. In addition, comparing HCCI engines to other advanced combustion engines revealed their increased importance and prospective consequences. Furthermore, the challenges of transitioning from conventional to HCCI engines are examined, along with potential answers for future upgrade approaches and control tactics.</p> </abstract>
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Minh, Thang Nguyen, Hieu Pham Minh i Vinh Nguyen Duy. "A review of internal combustion engines powered by renewable energy based on ethanol fuel and HCCI technology". AIMS Energy 10, nr 5 (2022): 1005–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022046.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
<abstract> <p>In general, as compared to conventional combustion engines, the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine offers better fuel efficiency, NOx, and particulate matter emissions. The HCCI engine, on the other hand, is not connected to the spark plugs or the fuel injection system. This implies that the auto-ignition time and following combustion phase of the HCCI engine are not controlled directly. The HCCI engine will be confined to a short working range due to the cold start, high-pressure rate, combustion noise, and even knocking combustion. Biofuel innovation, such as ethanol-powered HCCI engines, has a lot of promise in today's car industry. As a result, efforts must be made to improve the distinctive characteristics of the engine by turning the engine settings to different ethanol mixtures. This study examines the aspects of ethanol-fueled HCCI engines utilizing homogenous charge preparation procedures. In addition, comparing HCCI engines to other advanced combustion engines revealed their increased importance and prospective consequences. Furthermore, the challenges of transitioning from conventional to HCCI engines are examined, along with potential answers for future upgrade approaches and control tactics.</p> </abstract>
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Li, Chenhe. "Crucial analysis of traditional engines versus hybrid engines". Applied and Computational Engineering 11, nr 1 (25.09.2023): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/11/20230220.
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The hybrid engine is a kind of emerging engine. It can simultaneously use an internal combustion engine and electric motor and other engine driving methods to improve fuel efficiency, reduce pollution emissions, extend the power system's life, improve performance, and have a series of significant advantages. However, hybrids are expensive to sell and maintain, have limited battery life, and can lose their fuel efficiency advantage at high speeds. On the opposite side, the internal combustion engine has a long history of traditional power engines, so it is easier to use, cheaper, and more mature, but it causes more pollution, poor fuel economy, and serious energy loss. These engines are two of the mainstream engines in the market at present. They each have different advantages and characteristics. In the choice of two different types, to combine the needs of users, comprehensive consideration, practical choice in line with the working environment of the engine. This paper aims to compare the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid and traditional internal combustion engines and analyze the reasons for these advantages and disadvantages and the impact of these advantages and disadvantages in detail.
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Petrescu, Relly Victoria Virgil, i Florian Ion Tiberiu Petrescu. "About the internal combustion engines forces". Independent Journal of Management & Production 11, nr 3 (1.06.2020): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v11i3.930.
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The paper presents an algorithm to set the parameters of the dynamics of the classic mechanism the main of internal combustion. It shows the distribution of the forces (on the main mechanism of the engine) on engines with internal combustion. Dynamic, the gears can be distributed in the same way as forces. Practically, in the dynamic regimes, the velocities have the same synchronization as forces. The method shall be applied separately for two distinct situations: when the engine is working on a compressor and in the system of the motor. For the two individual cases, two independent formulae are obtained for the dynamic cinematic forces (gearbox). The calculations shall be made for an engine with a single cylinder. The change of speed in the dynamics feels like a variation of the angular speed of the engine. It is more difficult to be taken into account (theoretically) effect on an engine with several cylinders.
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Paladiychuk, Yuriy, i Inna Telyatnuk. "INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL MEANS OF QUALITY CONTROL RESTORATION OF SMALL-SIZED ENGINES". ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, nr 1(112) (21.03.2021): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2021-1-15.
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Mechanization of labor on small farms and individual farms is a very important issue of modern agriculture. The use of small agricultural machinery with a capacity of up to 16 kW is quite relevant today. Small-sized machinery is divided into: small 4-wheeled tractors, 2-wheeled motoblocks, cultivators, machines and equipment. With the help of this technique perform various agricultural and other types of work in crop production, horticulture, gardening on small plots, livestock and more. Despite its rather small size, small equipment also has various mechanisms that fail over time. Most often, the parts of the internal combustion engine fail. In general, the cost of repairing the internal combustion engine during operation may exceed the total cost of the engine by 5-6 times. Thus, there is a question of improving the system of technical service of engines of small tractors. This article considers the issue of increasing the efficiency of operation of internal combustion engines for small tractors, due to the effective conduct of after-sales or post-repair running-in and improving the maintenance system. Types of small-sized equipment are presented. The analysis of possible loading and speed modes of cold and hot running-in of internal combustion engines and means for their realization is carried out. Technical means for running-in and testing of internal combustion engines are analyzed. The following formulas are given for determination: smoke of exhaust gases at running-in of engines; light transmission of exhaust gases; speed control range; load torque; the content of harmful substances (Q) in the exhaust gases on the j-th components. The necessity of bench running-in of engines of small-sized agricultural machinery is substantiated. The functional scheme of the stand for running-in and testing of internal combustion engines is considered. The stages of cold and hot running-in of small-sized engines are described. With the help of the received information, the results are made and the analysis of methods of running-in of internal combustion engines of small-sized agricultural machinery is carried out.
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Liang, Yufan. "A Review of the Effect of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) on Combustion and Emission Performance of Internal Combustion Engines". Trends in Renewable Energy 8, nr 2 (2022): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17737/tre.2022.8.2.00144.
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In order to reduce the environmental pollution caused by conventional internal combustion engines, the application of natural gas in internal combustion engines and the combustion and emission performance of natural gas internal combustion engines have been widely studied by scholars. Because the physical and chemical properties of natural gas are different from those of conventional gasoline or diesel, the operating performance of natural gas internal combustion engines in practical applications is also different from that of conventional internal combustion engines. This paper presents the physicochemical properties of compressed natural gas, the two combustion modes (premixed combustion and non-homogeneous diffusion combustion) in internal combustion engines and the effect of compressed natural gas on the performance of internal combustion engines. Compared with gasoline engines, natural gas internal combustion engines have relatively lower power and higher effective power loss; lower effective fuel consumption rate in terms of economy; and lower CO and NOx emissions than gasoline engines in terms of emissions.
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Sathyamurthy, Ravishankar, i S. A. Hari Krishnan. "Investigation on LPG-Biogas Blends in Spark Ignition Engine". International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 14 (marzec 2015): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.14.58.
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Internal combustion engines normally operate with the nonrenewable sources such as petrol and diesel, which are diminishing at a faster rate. To avoid these problem alternative sources of energy must be opted for the operation of internal combustion engines. In this work biogas is selected as an alternative source of energy for the working of internal combustion engines but possess some limitations due to its high auto ignition temperature and high CO2 content in it. To overcome the limitations biogas is blended with LPG at different proportions of 5%, 10%, 15% are done. The modification of the internal combustion engine is performed to convert it into a gas engine and the tests are conducted on the modified engine with different proportions of blending at various loads. Based on the results of the test conducted the performance characteristics are analyzed.
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Carter, E., i B. Milton. "Internal-Combustion Engine Performance in the Fireground". International Journal of Wildland Fire 4, nr 2 (1994): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9940083.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The performance of internal combustion engines used in fire fighting equipment can be affected by the fireground ambient conditions. Both gasoline (SI) and diesel (CI) engines can suffer significant power losses due to high temperatures and reduced oxygen in the intake air caused by mixing with the products of combustion of a fire. This, and other engine problems associated with starting and operation under fireground conditions are examined in this paper.
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Furch, Jan, i Josef Jelínek. "Design of a tribotechnical diagnostics model for determining the technical condition of an internal combustion engine during its life cycle". Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 24, nr 3 (6.06.2022): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2022.3.5.
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The paper proposes a model of tribotechnical diagnostics, which allows us to determine the technical condition of an internal combustion engine within its life cycle and then take measures, including its decommissioning due to excessive wear of major components. The paper also focuses on tribodiagnostic methods that are suitable for assessing the technical condition of internal combustion engines used in various means of transport (automobiles, railway locomotives powered by internal combustion engines, aircraft powered by reciprocating internal combustion engines, special and garden equipment). An internal combustion engine from agricultural equipment was selected for the experiment and monitored throughout its life cycle. The paper describes in detail the appropriate methods used for the proposed tribotechnical diagnostics model, including the results from the measurements by these methods. The said methods were then evaluated and mutually compared. The following advanced instrumental analytical methods were used to evaluate the collected engine oil samples: atomic emission spectrometry (AES), ferrography, automatic laser counter and LNF particle classifier, FTIR infrared spectrometry. The result of the work (paper) is the design of a tribotechnical diagnostics model for determining the technical condition of an internal combustion engine during its life cycle and the determination of limit values for assessing the technical condition of a Honda GCV 165 internal combustion engine. The results are based on individual measurements.
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Khannanov, M. D., E. R. Alimgulov, L. I. Fardeev i A. S. Kulikov. "The future of the internal combustion engine: actual development tasks". Trudy NAMI, nr 1 (24.03.2022): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-1-82-90.
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Introduction (statement of the problem and relevance). The forthcoming vehicle environmental regulations to be introduced in the European Union (EU) in 2025–2026 involve aggressive emission limit scenarios combined with new real-world test conditions. The new environmental concept sets ambitious goals in relation to the power line of traditional vehicles with an internal combustion engine (ICE), such as: the main source of energy for automotive technology; high efficiency (more than 50% efficiency); ultra-low fuel consumption and ultra-low emissions (CO2, NOx, PM).The purpose of the study was to analyze the prospective fuel efficiency and environmental safety requirements for wheeled vehicles to determine the main directions of internal combustion engines development to meet these requirements.Methodology and research methods. The analytical methods of research included: the analysis of the commercial engines market; the investigation of world projects to tighten the requirements for environmental safety of wheeled vehicles; the study of the main internal combustion engines development concepts. Results. The prospective requirements for internal combustion engines have been analyzed, and as result of it, the concept of ICE development, the promising internal combustion engine view and an exhaust gas after-treatment system (EGATS) were worked out.Practical significance. The results of the study can be used for determining the requirements and main directions of research and development work when creating the new generations of internal combustion engines.
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Falfari, Stefania, Giulio Cazzoli, Valerio Mariani i Gian Marco Bianchi. "Hydrogen Application as a Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines". Energies 16, nr 6 (8.03.2023): 2545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16062545.
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Hydrogen is the energy vector that will lead us toward a more sustainable future. It could be the fuel of both fuel cells and internal combustion engines. Internal combustion engines are today the only motors characterized by high reliability, duration and specific power, and low cost per power unit. The most immediate solution for the near future could be the application of hydrogen as a fuel in modern internal combustion engines. This solution has advantages and disadvantages: specific physical, chemical and operational properties of hydrogen require attention. Hydrogen is the only fuel that could potentially produce no carbon, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emissions. It also allows high engine efficiency and low nitrogen oxide emissions. Hydrogen has wide flammability limits and a high flame propagation rate, which provide a stable combustion process for lean and very lean mixtures. Near the stoichiometric air–fuel ratio, hydrogen-fueled engines exhibit abnormal combustions (backfire, pre-ignition, detonation), the suppression of which has proven to be quite challenging. Pre-ignition due to hot spots in or around the spark plug can be avoided by adopting a cooled or unconventional ignition system (such as corona discharge): the latter also ensures the ignition of highly diluted hydrogen–air mixtures. It is worth noting that to correctly reproduce the hydrogen ignition and combustion processes in an ICE with the risks related to abnormal combustion, 3D CFD simulations can be of great help. It is necessary to model the injection process correctly, and then the formation of the mixture, and therefore, the combustion process. It is very complex to model hydrogen gas injection due to the high velocity of the gas in such jets. Experimental tests on hydrogen gas injection are many but never conclusive. It is necessary to have a deep knowledge of the gas injection phenomenon to correctly design the right injector for a specific engine. Furthermore, correlations are needed in the CFD code to predict the laminar flame velocity of hydrogen–air mixtures and the autoignition time. In the literature, experimental data are scarce on air–hydrogen mixtures, particularly for engine-type conditions, because they are complicated by flame instability at pressures similar to those of an engine. The flame velocity exhibits a non-monotonous behavior with respect to the equivalence ratio, increases with a higher unburnt gas temperature and decreases at high pressures. This makes it difficult to develop the correlation required for robust and predictive CFD models. In this work, the authors briefly describe the research path and the main challenges listed above.
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Truong, Thanh Hai, i Van Huong Dong. "Overview Study of Camless Combustion Engines". European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 4, nr 9 (15.09.2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2019.4.9.1511.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The internal combustion engine (ICE) finds its place in the market with latest design modifications in various components to improve efficiency, economy and overall performance. However, one component has remained unchanged in the internal combustion engine development i.e., the camshaft, has been the primary means of controlling the valve actuation and timing, and therefore, influencing the overall performance of the vehicle. Camless technology is capturing the future of internal combustion engines. It has been known to man that if valves could be controlled independently in an Internal Combustion Engine then there would be benefits like increased power, reduced emissions and increased fuel economy. In the camless technology valve motion is operated by valve actuators of electro-mechanical and electro-hydraulic type. In this paper we compare camless valve operation with conventional valve operation and we deal with the valve actuating mechanisms of camless engine by considering the electromechanical and electrohydraulic actuators as the important types of actuating valves in camless engines.
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Liss, Michał, Valeriy Martynyuk i Ronald Martinod. "Dynamic analysis of an internal combustion engine made in downsizing technology". MATEC Web of Conferences 391 (2024): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439101009.
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Decisions made today in the automotive industry clearly indicate the inevitable end of the last resort for combustion engines, which were small-capacity engines made in line with the idea of downsizing. Certainly, one of the characteristic features of these engines will be maintaining the same power and torque with fewer cylinders, the best proof of which is the Twin Air technology engine proposed by Fiat. The consequence of this action was incomparably greater vibrations compared to classic, four-cylinder combustion engines. This article presents an analysis of various dynamic states of a small-capacity engine made using downsizing technology.
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Zhang, Min. "Comparing different types of engines and efficiency-a literature review". Theoretical and Natural Science 11, nr 1 (17.11.2023): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/11/20230404.
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The goal of this research was to evaluate and contrast the performance of various engine types. The study was conducted on a sample of two engines, one of which is an Internal Combustion engine and the other is an External combustion engine. The internal combustion engine has two cycles, Otto cycle is used in gasoline engines while the diesel cycle is used in diesel engines. The external engine has two cycles too, the submarine uses Stirling Cycle and the Thermal power plant uses the Rankine cycle. The engines were evaluated based on their thermal efficiency, brake power, and specific fuel consumption. The results showed that the diesel cycle had higher thermal efficiency and brake power compared to the Otto cycle. However, the two-stroke engines had lower specific fuel consumption compared to the four-stroke engines. The results indicate that each engine type has advantages and disadvantages and that the final decision should be based on the needs of the given application.
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Domínguez-García, Saúl, Luis Béjar-Gómez, Andrés López-Velázquez, Rafael Maya-Yescas i Fabricio Nápoles-Rivera. "Maximizing Lubricant Life for Internal Combustion Engines". Processes 10, nr 10 (13.10.2022): 2070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10102070.
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Although the lubrication systems for internal combustion engines have been designed to prevent engine wear and friction, their configuration does not contemplate the maximum use of each load of lubricant; because of this limitation, lubricant consumption is currently an environmental and economic problem. In this work, the performance of lubrication systems to form the tribological film that prevents wear is simulated and optimized, through the mass balance of the lubricant precursors contained in the oil and the implementation of optimal control techniques. Optimization results indicate that regulating the flow of lubricant passing through the engine prevents excessive degradation of lubricant precursors, maximizing the life of each lube oil charge, giving the possibility to increase the sustainability of internal combustion engines.
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Sjah, William Surya, Ben Rahman, Djarot Hindarto i Alessandro Benito Putra Bayu Wedha. "Diagnostic on Car Internal Combustion Engine through Noise". SinkrOn 8, nr 2 (2.05.2023): 1128–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/sinkron.v8i2.12392.
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Internal Combustion Engines are known for their unique sound characteristics. Through these sound characteristics, an experienced car mechanic will be able to diagnose the type of engine damage just by listening to the sound. This reduces the need to disassemble components to pinpoint machine faults which also contributes to a significant reduction in overall repair time. The main aim of this paper is to build a process to identify faulty machines through engine noise analysis with visual data to determine machine faults at an early stage. By capturing various types of engine sounds, data visualization uses healthy engine sounds and broken engine sounds obtained from cars as well as various types of broken engine sounds that are usually found in vehicles. This audio data will be used in audio signal processing combined with a linear regression classification algorithm. Visualization data can distinguish various types of sounds that are commonly found in damaged or damaged engines such as clicks, ticks, knocks and other types of sounds to determine the types of damage that are usually found in internal combustion engines. The data used comes from Kaggle, which is public data which is widely used as general data for data science activities. Visually, data from vehicle engines can be seen from the data on which car brand is the best in terms of sound. The results using linear regression show the R-squared score (R^2) or also called the coefficient of determination reaching 91.95%.
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Pham, Van Viet. "Camshaftless Technology on Internal Engines". European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, nr 2 (6.02.2020): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.2.1663.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Along with the development of internal combustion engines, camshafts have also been developed to optimize engine performance. In all types of internal combustion engines, the crankshaft is connected to the camshaft via a toothed belt, chain or pinion. When the crankshaft turns, the camshaft spins and opens and closes the intake and exhaust valve respectively. However, in this non-camshaft engine technology, each intake and exhaust valve will be integrated with an electronically controlled hydraulic pump unit. This system provides a unique ability to independently control intake and exhaust valves. For any engine load, load and discharge times can be programmed independently. The decision system is based on driving conditions, used to maximize performance or minimize fuel consumption and emissions. This allows a greater degree of control over the engine which in turn provides significant performance benefits. This article presents reviews of camshaftless technology developed by VALEO. It is a system that uses solenoid valves to open and close the valve. The solenoid valve will be mounted right on top of the valve inside the engine. The author can see that the technology using this electronic control valve will help reduce the fuel consumption of the engine.
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Pham, Van Viet. "Camshaftless Technology on Internal Engines". European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, nr 2 (6.02.2020): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.2.1663.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Along with the development of internal combustion engines, camshafts have also been developed to optimize engine performance. In all types of internal combustion engines, the crankshaft is connected to the camshaft via a toothed belt, chain or pinion. When the crankshaft turns, the camshaft spins and opens and closes the intake and exhaust valve respectively. However, in this non-camshaft engine technology, each intake and exhaust valve will be integrated with an electronically controlled hydraulic pump unit. This system provides a unique ability to independently control intake and exhaust valves. For any engine load, load and discharge times can be programmed independently. The decision system is based on driving conditions, used to maximize performance or minimize fuel consumption and emissions. This allows a greater degree of control over the engine which in turn provides significant performance benefits. This article presents reviews of camshaftless technology developed by VALEO. It is a system that uses solenoid valves to open and close the valve. The solenoid valve will be mounted right on top of the valve inside the engine. The author can see that the technology using this electronic control valve will help reduce the fuel consumption of the engine.
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Biernat, Krzysztof, Izabela Samson-Bręk, Zdzisław Chłopek, Marlena Owczuk i Anna Matuszewska. "Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Using Methane Fuels to Supply Internal Combustion Engines". Energies 14, nr 11 (7.06.2021): 3356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113356.
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This research paper studied the environmental impact of using methane fuels for supplying internal combustion engines. Methane fuel types and the methods of their use in internal combustion engines were systematized. The knowledge regarding the environmental impact of using methane fuels for supplying internal combustion engines was analyzed. The authors studied the properties of various internal combustion engines used for different applications (specialized engines of power generators—Liebherr G9512 and MAN E3262 LE212, powered by biogas, engine for road and off-road vehicles—Cummins 6C8.3, in self-ignition, original version powered by diesel fuel, and its modified version—a spark-ignition engine powered by methane fuel) under various operating conditions in approval tests. The sensitivity of the engine properties, especially pollutant emissions, to its operating states were studied. In the case of a Cummins 6C8.3 modified engine, a significant reduction in the pollutant emission owing to the use of methane fuel, relative to the original self-ignition engine, was found. The emission of carbon oxide decreased by approximately 30%, hydrocarbons by approximately 70% and nitrogen oxide by approximately 50%, as well as a particulate matter emission was also eliminated. Specific brake emission of carbon oxide is the most sensitive to the operating states of the engine: 0.324 for a self-ignition engine and 0.264 for a spark-ignition engine, with the least sensitive being specific brake emission of nitrogen oxide: 0.121 for a self-ignition engine and 0.097 for a spark-ignition engine. The specific brake emission of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons for stationary engines was higher in comparison with both versions of Cummins 6C8.3 engine. However, the emission of nitrogen oxide for stationary engines was lower than for Cummins engines.
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Chidambaram, Kannan, i Tamilporai Packirisamy. "Smart ceramic materials for homogeneous combustion in internal combustion engines: A review". Thermal Science 13, nr 3 (2009): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0903153c.
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The advantages of using ceramics in advanced heat engines include increased fuel efficiency due to higher engine operating temperatures, more compact designs with lower capacity cooling system. Future internal combustion engines will be characterized by near zero emission level along with low specific fuel consumption. Homogenous combustion which realized inside the engine cylinder has the potential of providing near zero emission level with better fuel economy. However, the accomplishment of homogeneous combustion depends on the air flow structure inside the combustion chamber, fuel injection conditions and turbulence as well as ignition conditions. Various methods and procedures are being adopted to establish the homogeneous combustion inside the engine cylinder. In recent days, porous ceramic materials are being introduced inside the combustion chamber to achieve the homogeneous combustion. This paper investigates the desirable structures, types, and properties of such porous ceramic materials and their positive influence on the combustion process.
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Hoffman, D. M. W., i D. R. Dowling. "Fully Coupled Rigid Internal Combustion Engine Dynamics and Vibration—Part I: Model Development". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 123, nr 3 (1.01.2001): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1370399.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Robust predictions of engine vibration are important for preliminary design of new engines and new vehicles, and in setting component tolerances. Vibration modeling of internal combustion engines is commonly based on a one-way-coupling assumption between the engine’s moving internal components and the vibrating engine block. This assumption causes Coriolis and gyroscopic interactions to be neglected, and leads to a vibration model that does not properly conserve energy. This paper presents a new seven-degree-of-freedom model for low frequency engine vibrations that does not utilize the one-way-coupling assumption. The model is based on fully coupled rigid-body dynamics for the pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft, flywheel, and engine block. Predictions from the new model are compared to those from an equivalent one-way-coupled model for poorly balanced (one-cylinder) and well-balanced (inline six-cylinder) engines. Predicted mount forces are dissimilar for the poorly balanced engine but are nearly the same for the well-balanced engine. In addition, the new model is found to properly conserve energy and account for gravitational forces.
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Du, Fengming, Yuhong Zhang, Zanbin Gao, Jinlong Wang, Yuxing Yang, Jingsi Wang i Yan Shen. "Research on the carbon emission reduction of internal combustion engines by reducing friction work". E3S Web of Conferences 546 (2024): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454601016.
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The increase in carbon dioxide emissions is a key factor leading to the warming of the Earth’s climate system and the intensification of the greenhouse effect. Internal combustion engines have a significant impact on carbon emissions. For internal combustion engines, friction is the main cause of energy loss, which reduces fuel utilization and increases carbon emissions. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce friction work of internal combustion engine. This work focuses on the friction pairs of piston pins and liners in internal combustion engines, and optimizes the surface technology of piston pins by comparing carburized and nitriding processes. The results show that the friction work of the nitrided piston pin is 8.9% lower than that of the carburized piston pin, and the wear of the liner is reduced by 10%. Therefore, surface nitriding process of piston pin is an effective way to reduce friction work and carbon emissions of internal combustion engines.
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Weclas, Miroslaw. "Potential of Porous-Media Combustion Technology as Applied to Internal Combustion Engines". Journal of Thermodynamics 2010 (21.02.2010): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/789262.
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The paper summarizes the knowledge concerning porous media combustion techniques as applied in engines. One of most important reasons of this review is to introduce this still not well known technology to researchers doing with internal combustion engine processes, thermal engines, reactor thermodynamics, combustion, and material science. The paper gives an overview of possible applications of a highly porous open cell structures to in-cylinder processes. This application means utilization of unique features of porous media for supporting engine processes, especially fuel distribution in space, vaporization, mixing with air, heat recuperation, ignition and combustion. There are three ways for applying porous medium technology to engines: support of individual processes, support of homogeneous combustion process (catalytic and non-catalytic) with temperature control, and utilization of the porous structure as a heat capacitor only. In the first type of application, the porous structure may be utilized for fuel vaporization and improved fuel distribution in space making the mixture more homogeneous in the combustion chamber. Extension of these processes to mixture formation and ignition inside a combustion reactor allows the realization of a homogeneous and a nearly zero emissions level combustion characterized by a homogeneous temperature field at reduced temperature level.
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Truong, Thanh Hai, i Van Huong Dong. "An Overview Study of Camless Combustion Engines". European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 4, nr 9 (15.09.2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2019.4.9.1511.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The internal combustion engine (ICE) finds its place in the market with latest design modifications in various components to improve efficiency, economy and overall performance. However, one component has remained unchanged in the internal combustion engine development i.e., the camshaft, has been the primary means of controlling the valve actuation and timing, and therefore, influencing the overall performance of the vehicle. Camless technology is capturing the future of internal combustion engines. It has been known to man that if valves could be controlled independently in an Internal Combustion Engine then there would be benefits like increased power, reduced emissions and increased fuel economy. In the camless technology valve motion is operated by valve actuators of electro-mechanical and electro-hydraulic type. In this paper we compare camless valve operation with conventional valve operation and we deal with the valve actuating mechanisms of camless engine by considering the electromechanical and electrohydraulic actuators as the important types of actuating valves in camless engines.
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Egorushkin, E. A., A. V. Shabanov i A. A. Shabanov. "Ignition of poor fuel-air mixtures in gasoline-driven ICEs - problems, solutions". Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 11, nr 2 (15.06.2017): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-66923.
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The article deals with the development of technologies in the field of improving the organization of the combustion process in internal combustion engines in order to solve the problem of protecting the environment and increasing the efficiency of fuel resources. The carried out analysis has shown the increased interest of researchers and automotive experts in the problem of ignition of poor mixtures in ICE by the method of fuel-air charge separation in the combustion chamber. The directions of intensification of combustion of poor mixtures in internal combustion engines are considered due to application of various methods of fuel-air charge separation in the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines. Combustion of poor mixtures ensures low emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine and improved fuel economy. The advantage of an internal combustion engine using poor fuel-air mixtures is its operation with little or no charge throttling at the inlet. At the same time, fuel consumption and, correspondingly, CO2 emissions are reduced to 25%. Low concentrations of harmful emissions also reduce the efficiency requirements of the neutralizer. The process of combustion of poor mixtures is carried out due to the technologies of direct electronic fuel injection into the combustion chamber under high pressure and catalytic neutralization of combustion products of poor mixtures. Effective combustion of fuel-air mixtures is achieved with an excess air factor of less than 1.7. The article also contains the results of tests of the prechamber-flare internal combustion engine, which showed the possibility of using qualitative engine power regulation due to work on poor mixtures and a significant reduction in emissions of harmful substances with exhaust gases. It is shown that the use of an electronic ignition system with an increased discharge energy and a system of homogeneous mixture formation leads to an intensification of combustion of poor mixtures in the internal combustion engine, and allows the engine to operate at superhigh mixtures with an air excess factor of 3.5 with stable combustion of fuel-air mixtures.
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S. Abdulhussain, Uzaldin, Taj Elssir Hassan i Maisara Mohy Eldin Gasim. "Theoretical Performance Comparison between Inline, Offset and Twin Crankshaft Internal Combustion Engine Models". FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 2, nr 1 (6.11.2006): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v2i1.91.
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Twin crankshaft is a new engine arrangement introduced to overcome cylinder’s liner wear problems encountered in the conventional inline crankshaft engine due to the effect of the side thrust force. The offset crankshaft arrangement was also introduced to solve the same problem. In this work a computer programs was built to obtain the theoretical performance comparison between the three engines arrangements (inline, twin and offset crankshaft engines), and compared the theatrical performance with the experimental results, which done to the engine’s models. The study results show that the twin crankshaft engine model exhibited no thrust force, and that the thrust force in the offset crankshaft model is smaller than that in the inline crankshaft engine model. These agree with experimental results obtained from the same engine model.