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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "INTERCONNECTED MULTI AREA"
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Amado, Sergio M., i Celso C. Ribeiro. "Short-Term Generation Scheduling of Hydraulic Multi-Reservoir Multi-Area Interconnected Systems". IEEE Power Engineering Review PER-7, nr 8 (sierpień 1987): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.1987.5527068.
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Amado, Sergio M., i Celso C. Ribeiro. "Short-Term Generation Scheduling of Hydraulic Multi-Reservoir Multi-Area Interconnected Systems". IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 2, nr 3 (1987): 758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.1987.4335206.
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Gopi, Pasala, i P. Linga Reddy. "Design of Robust Load Frequency Controller for Multi-Area Interconnected Power System Using SDO Software". International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 6, nr 1 (1.03.2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v6.i1.pp12-22.
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The response of the load frequency control problem in multi-area interconnected electrical power system is much more complex with increasing size, changing structure and increasing load. This paper deals with Load Frequency Control of three area interconnected Power system incorporating Reheat, Non-reheat and Reheat turbines in all areas respectively. The response of the load frequency control problem in a multi-area interconnected power system is improved by designing PID controller using different tuning techniques and proved that the PID controller which was designed by Simulink Design Optimization (SDO) Software gives the superior performance than other controllers for step perturbations. Finally the robustness of controller was checked against system parameter variations..
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Abdel-Halim, M. A., G. S. Christensen i D. H. Kelly. "Optimum load frequency control of multi-area interconnected power systems". Canadian Electrical Engineering Journal 10, nr 1 (styczeń 1985): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceej.1985.6593136.
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Momoh, J. A., L. G. Dias, S. X. Guo i R. Adapa. "Economic operation and planning of multi-area interconnected power systems". IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 10, nr 2 (maj 1995): 1044–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/59.387950.
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Dong, Xiaoming, Xupeng Hao, Mengxia Wang, Jinyu Wang, Chengfu Wang, Suoying He i Peng Wang. "Power transfer limit calculation for multi-area interconnected power networks". International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 120 (wrzesień 2020): 105953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.105953.
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Yan, Wenxu, Lina Sheng, Dezhi Xu, Weilin Yang i Qian Liu. "H∞ Robust Load Frequency Control for Multi-Area Interconnected Power System with Hybrid Energy Storage System". Applied Sciences 8, nr 10 (27.09.2018): 1748. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101748.
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To enhance the quality of output power from regional interconnected power grid and strengthen the stability of overall system, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is applied to traditional multi-area interconnected power system to improve the performance of load frequency control. A novel topology structure of interconnected power system with the HESS is proposed. Considering the external disturbances of the system and the interconnected factors between each control area, the dynamic mathematical model of each area in the new topology is established in the form of state-space equation. Combining the state feedback robust control theory with linear matrix inequality (LMI) theory, the controller is designed to calculate how much power the HESS should provide to power grid in real time, according to the load change of system. Taking the four-area interconnected power system as study object, the simulation results obtained by MATLAB prove that the application of HESS can well improve the frequency stability of multi-area interconnected system and the H∞ robust controller proposed in this paper is effective.
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Le Ngoc Minh, Bui, Van Van Huynh, Tam Minh Nguyen i Yao Wen Tsai. "Decentralized Adaptive Double Integral Sliding Mode Controller for Multi-Area Power Systems". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (8.10.2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2672436.
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Most of the existing results for load frequency control of multi-area interconnected power systems can only be obtained when the norm of the aggregated uncertainties is bounded by a positive constant. This condition is difficult to achieve in real multi-area interconnected power systems. In this paper, a new load frequency control (LFC) for multi-area interconnected power systems is developed based on a decentralised adaptive double integral sliding mode control technique where the above limitation is eliminated. First, an adaptive gain tuning law is adopted to estimate the unknown upper bound of the aggregated uncertainties. Second, a double integral sliding surface based adaptive sliding mode controller is proposed to improve the transient performance of the closed loop system. Simulation results show that the proposed control law results in shortening the frequency’s transient response, avoiding the overshoot, rejecting disturbance better, maintaining required control quality in the wider operating range, and being more robust to uncertainties as compared to some existing control methods.
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Yang, Minghui, Chunsheng Wang, Yukun Hu, Zijian Liu, Caixin Yan i Shuhang He. "Load Frequency Control of Photovoltaic Generation-Integrated Multi-Area Interconnected Power Systems Based on Double Equivalent-Input-Disturbance Controllers". Energies 13, nr 22 (21.11.2020): 6103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226103.
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With the rapid increase of photovoltaic (PV) penetration and distributed grid access, photovoltaic generation (PVG)-integrated multi-area power systems may be disturbed by more uncertain factors, such as PVG, grid-tie inverter parameters, and resonance. These uncertain factors will exacerbate the frequency fluctuations of PVG integrated multi-area interconnected power systems. For such system, this paper proposes a load frequency control (LFC) strategy based on double equivalent-input-disturbance (EID) controllers. The PVG linear model and the multi-area interconnected power system linear model were established, respectively, and the disturbances were caused by grid voltage fluctuations in PVG subsystem and PV output power fluctuation and load change in multi-area interconnected power system. In PVG subsystems and multi-area interconnected power systems, two EID controllers add differently estimated equivalent system disturbances, which has the same effect as the actual disturbance, to the input channel to compensate for the impact of actual disturbances. The simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the frequency deviation range of the proposed double EID method is 6% of FA-PI method and 7% of conventional PI method, respectively, when the grid voltage fluctuation and load disturbance exist. The double EID method can better compensate for the effects of external disturbances, suppress frequency fluctuations, and make the system more stable.
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Sharma, Deepesh, i Naresh Kumar Yadav. "Lion Algorithm with Levy Update: Load frequency controlling scheme for two-area interconnected multi-source power system". Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, nr 14 (25.06.2019): 4084–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331219848033.
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In an interconnected multi-area power system, Load Frequency Control (LFC) is a main challenging problem. This paper presents the Fractional Order Proportional Integral (FOPI) controller for an interconnected two-area power system, wherein each area has multi-source power systems. The gains of the proposed controller are being optimized by Lion Algorithm (LA), utilizing an integral square error (ISE) criterion, to develop the proposed Lion with Levy Update-based FOPI controller (LLUFOPI). The proposed LA schedules the gain of the LLUFOPI controller by achieving the least possible error. Hence, the LLUFOPI controller assures better LFC in the two-area interconnected power system. The performance of the proposed controller is assessed by considering the practical constraints in power system such as Generation Rate Constraints (GRC), communication delay, AC/DC link, step load variation and Capacitive Energy Storage (CES) device. Finally, the simulation results show that the LLUFOPI controller provides a well- optimized gain that is 89% higher than the other algorithms with better stability. The Integral Square Error (ISE) value of the proposed controller is 81.1% lesser than the other algorithms. Better LFC in the two-area multi-source-interconnected power system is hence achieved with minimum ISE.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "INTERCONNECTED MULTI AREA"
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GUPTA, NIDHI. "AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL OF INTERCONNECTED MULTI AREA POWER SYSTEM". Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18414.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Currently, power system operation and control with AGC are undergoing fundamental
changes due to rapidly increasing amount of renewable sources, energy storage system,
restructuring and emerging of new types of power generation, consumption and power
electronics technologies. Continuous growth in size and complexity, stochastically
changing power demands, system modeling errors, alterations in electric power system
structures and variations in the system parameters over the time has turned AGC task
into a challenging one. Infrastructure of the intelligent power system should effectively
support the provision of auxiliary services such as an AGC system from various sources
through intelligent schemes. Literature survey shows that performance of AGC of
interconnected power system with diverse sources gets improved by changing in
controller structure, using intelligent optimization techniques for controller parameters,
adding storage system and by considering different participation of diverse sources in
multi area power systems. Hence, proposing and implementing new controller
approaches using high performance heuristic optimization algorithms to real world
problems are always welcomed. Performance of many controllers depends on proper
selection of certain algorithms and specific control parameters. Hence, the goal of the
present study is to propose different types of new supplementary controller to achieve
better dynamic performances in multi-area with diverse source power systems, namely
two area power system with and without non-linearity and three area power system with
optimal and energy storage system. Based on the extensive literature review on the
control designs of AGC of interconnected power system, it has been felt that new control
techniques for design of AGC regulators for interconnected power system including
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renewable sources. The main objective of the proposed research work is to design new
AGC regulators and develop simple, robust and easy to implement as compared with the
available control techniques. The problem of nonlinearity in interconnected power
system with diverse sources has also been addressed with suitable control algorithms.
The presented work is divided into nine chapters. Chapter 1 deals with the
introduction of AGC of power system. Widespread review of the taxonomy of
optimization algorithms is presented in this chapter. Chapter 2 presents a critical review
of AGC schemes in interconnected multi area power system with diverse sources.
Chapter 3 stresses on the modelling of diverse sources power systems under
consideration.
The main simulation work starts from Chapter 4. In Chapter 4, the study is firstly
conducted to propose novel Jaya based AGC of two area interconnected thermal-hydro-
gas power system with varying participation of sources.
In Chapter 5, novel Jaya based AI technique is further employed on realistic power
system by considering non linearities like Governor Dead band (GDB), Generation Rate
Constraint (GRC) and Boiler dynamics. The study is done on Jaya based AGC of two
area interconnected thermal-hydro-wind and thermal-hydro-diesel power system with
and without nonlinearities by considering step load and random perturbation at different
control areas.
In Chapter 6, designing of Optimal AGC regulator for three different three-area
interconnected multi source power systems has been planned. In each power system,
optimal AGC regulators have been designed by using different structures of cost
weighting matrices (Q an R).
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In Chapter 7, implementation of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
System (SMES) in operation and control of AGC of three-area multi source power
systems has been studied. Analysis of PSO tuned Integral controller for AGC of three
area interconnected multi source power systems with and without SMES by considering
step load perturbation at different control areas has bee done. Comparative performance
of different bio-inspired artificial technique has been presented on AGC of three area
interconnected power system with SMES.
Chapter 8, presents AGC of three area multi source interconnected power
systems by including and excluding Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) at step load
perturbation in different control areas.
In Chapter 9 - the performance of different control techniques presented for AGC
of multi area interconnected multi source power system has been summarized and the
scope of further work in this area has been highlighted.
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Rakhshani, Elyas. "Analysis and control of multi–area HVDC interconnected power systems by using virtual inertia". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404614.
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Virtual inertia is known as an inevitable part of the modern power systems. Recent trend of research is oriented in different methods of emulating virtual inertia in different part of the systems. This dissertation is focused on modelling, analysing and application of virtual inertia concept in frequency control and Automatic Generation Control (AGC) issue in high level control AC/DC interconnected power systems. Since the virtual inertia is provided by advanced control concepts of power electronic based components, the HVDC links are the main focus of this dissertation for emulating inertia.
AGC in a multi-area power system during load and resource variation is known as a very important mechanism that could facilitate various tasks like: frequency restoration, tie-line power control between authority areas and economic dispatch of generation units. The AGC concept is known as higher level control at the transmission level. This higher level control will generate the set-points for all the local components, like generators or power converter stations, which are under control by their local controllers.
In this thesis two different methods for emulating virtual inertia are proposed and introduced in AGC modelling and control of AC/DC interconnected power systems.
The first method which is one of the common methods for emulating inertia in various filed of applications, is derivative control technique. In this thesis, derivative control technique is used for higher level application of inertia emulation. This
method of inertia emulation is developed for two-area AGC system which is connected by parallel AC/DC transmission lines. Based on the proposed technique, the dynamic effect of inertia emulated for frequency and active power control of interconnected systems are evaluated. The effects of frequency measurements delay and Phase Locked Loop (PLL) effects are also considered by introducing a second-order function. Simulations performed by Matlab software demonstrate how virtual inertia emulation can effectively improve the performance of the power system. A detailed eigenvalue and sensitivity analyses have been also performed to support the positive effects of the proposed method.
Since the first method is based on derivation for grid frequency, the measurement of frequency is very important and application of different method for frequency measurements like PLL will bring some limitations for this method. Therefore, as an ultimate solution, the second method for virtual inertia emulation is introduced in this thesis. The second method is based on Virtual Synchronous Power (VSP) concept. The concept of VSP to simulate the dynamic effects of inertia emulations by HVDC links for higher level control applications is introduced and reflected in the multi-area AGC model. By using this proposed combination in AGC model, the dynamic performance of the systems shows a significant improvement. The active power loop control on VSP based HVDC link has second-order characteristic which make a simultaneous enabling of damping and inertia emulations into the system. Trajectory sensitivities and eigenvalue analyses are used to analyse the effects of VSP on the system stability. The effectiveness of proposed concept on dynamic improvements is tested through Matlab simulation of multi-area test system.
Finally, it became clear that virtual inertia will add additional degree of freedom to the system dynamics which makes a considerable improvement in first overshoot in addition to damping characteristics of HVDC links. Comparing the results of these two different methods of inertia emulation shows that VSP technique has better performance with several advantages for emulating the inertia. In the VSP technique, PLL and frequency estimation are not required. Also considering the fact that simultaneous damping and inertia could be emulated, a powerful method based on VSP for improving the system dynamics during the contingencies is proposed.El concepto de inercia virtual se está convirtiendo en una parte imprescindible de los sistemas de energía modernos y en la actualidad hay diferentes líneas de investigación orientadas a estudiar diferentes métodos de emulación de inercia virtual en diferentes partes del sistema.Esta tesis doctoral se centra en el modelado, análisis y aplicación del concepto de inercia virtual en el control de frecuencia y en el control automático de generación (AGC), los cuales son elementos clave en el control de alto nivel de los sistemas eléctricos interconectados AC / DC.Dada la evolución tanto en las topologías, como en las prestaciones de control de los convertidores electrónicos de potencia, los enlaces HVDC y el control a alto nivel de los dispositivos implicados para emular inercia constituirán el foco principal de esta tesis doctoral.El AGC es un mecanismo muy útil en un sistema de potencia multi-zona durante, sobre todo cuando hay variaciones en la carga o en la generación, ya que puede facilitar diversas tareas como: la restauración de frecuencia, control de potencia de líneas de enlace entre las áreas y el despacho económico de los sistemas de generación. En este contexto en AGC, dada su condición de control a alto nivel, generará las consignas para todos los elementos locales, tales como generadores o estaciones de conversión de energía, que están bajo el control de sus controladores locales.En esta tesis se proponen dos métodos diferentes para emular inercia virtual, los cuales se introducirán, se modelarán y se aplicarán al control de sistemas de potencia AC / DC interconectados. El primer método, que es uno de los métodos más comunes para la emulación de inercia en otras aplicaciones, es la técnica del control derivativo. En esta tesis, esta técnica se utiliza para llevar a cabo la emulación de inercia a alto nivel. Éste método de emulación de inercia se ha desarrollado para un sistema AGC de dos área que está interconectado mediante líneas de transmisión de CA / CC en paralelo. Sobre la base de la técnica propuesta, el efecto dinámico de la inercia emulada sobre el control de frecuencia y potencia activa será formulado y evaluado. Los efectos del retardo mediciones de frecuencia y los efectos del bucle de sincronización (PLL) también se consideran en el análisis y posterior ensayo. Las simulaciones llevadas a cabo demostrarán cómo la emulación de inercia virtual puede mejorar efectivamente el rendimiento del sistema de potencia.Dado que el primer método se basa en la derivación de la frecuencia de red, la medición de la frecuencia es muy importante y la aplicación de los métodos de medida de la misma, como las PLL, conlleva algunas limitaciones en la aplicación y respuesta del mismo. Por lo tanto, como una solución definitiva, se introduce el segundo método para la emulación de inercia virtual en esta tesis. El segundo método se basa en el concepto de energía síncrona virtual (VSP). El concepto de VSP, el cual permite simular los efectos dinámicos de las emulaciones de inercia por enlaces HVDC, se presentará y aplicará en sistemas de control de alto nivel, aplicándolo finalmente en el modelo AGC multi-zona. Tal y como se demostrará, mediante el uso de esta combinación propuesta en el modelo de AGC, el comportamiento dinámico de los sistemas muestra una mejora significativa. El control de bucle de potencia activa en el enlace HVDC basado en el VSP tiene una característica de segundo orden que genera una respuesta instantánea y permite controlar la amortiguación y la inercia en el sistema. La eficacia de concepto propuesto en las mejoras dinámicas se probará en plataformas de simulación que representarán un sistema multi-zona. Por último, se demostrará que la inercia virtual añade un grado de libertad adicional a la dinámica del sistema, lo cual ayuda a controlar el sobre pico así como el amortiguamiento en los transitorios en los enlaces HVDC.
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GUPTA, NIDHI. "AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL OF INTERCONNECTED MULTI AREA POWER SYSTEM". Thesis, 2022. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/19386.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Currently, power system operation and control with AGC are undergoing fundamental
changes due to rapidly increasing amount of renewable sources, energy storage
system, restructuring and emerging of new types of power generation, consumption
and power electronics technologies. Continuous growth in size and complexity,
stochastically changing power demands, system modeling errors, alterations in electric
power system structures and variations in the system parameters over the time has
turned AGC task into a challenging one. Infrastructure of the intelligent power system
should effectively support the provision of auxiliary services such as an AGC system
from various sources through intelligent schemes. Literature survey shows that
performance of AGC of interconnected power system with diverse sources gets
improved by changing in controller structure, using intelligent optimization techniques
for controller parameters, adding storage system and by considering different
participation of diverse sources in multi area power systems. Hence, proposing and
implementing new controller approaches using high performance heuristic
optimization algorithms to real world problems are always welcomed. Researchers are
devising various optimization Algorithms with different behaviors in various systems.
Widespread review of the taxonomy of optimization algorithms in power system is
explored in this study. Most popular nature inspired algorithm is population based
algorithm which has a set of solution which moves towards the goal all together. Meta Heuristic Algorithm is divided into two important groups as trajectory based and
population based. Population based algorithm are further divided into six groups
depending on bio-inspired, physics, chemistry, social human behavior, plant
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characteristics. Review of various population based algorithm in application to
frequency control is studied. Also, critical review of AGC schemes in interconnected
multi area power system with diverse sources is done. Performance of many
controllers depends on proper selection of certain algorithms and specific control
parameters. Hence, the goal of the present study is to propose different types of new
supplementary controller to achieve better dynamic performances in multi-area
interconnected power system with diverse sources. Based on the extensive literature
review on the control designs of AGC of interconnected power system, it has been felt
that new control techniques for design of AGC regulators for interconnected power
system especially for renewable sources is always welcome and challenging for
researchers. The problem of nonlinearity in interconnected power system with diverse
sources has also been addressed with suitable control algorithms. The study is
conducted by proposing novel human based nature inspired artificial intelligence (AI)
technique - Jaya for AGC of two area interconnected thermal-hydro-gas power system
with varying participation of sources. Comparative analysis of proposed Jaya based
AGC with bio-inspired AI technique like BAT and recently published Bacterial
Forging Optimization (BFO) technique justify the stability of controller. The
controllers are compared in terms of dynamic response, performance index value and
performance. Regular increase in energy demand made the researchers to work
towards the realistic hybrid interconnected multi source power system. Undesirable
behavior of renewable sources likes hydro and wind is regularly amended by
researchers through incorporating different artificial techniques, energy sources,
varying participation of sources etc.To make the system realistic, researchers studied
nonlinearities and participation factors incorporation in power system. Novel Jaya
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based AI technique is further employed on realistic power system by considering non
linearities like Governor Dead band (GDB), Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) and
Boiler dynamics. The study is done on Jaya based AGC of two area interconnected
thermal-hydro-wind and thermal-hydro-diesel power system with and without
nonlinearities by considering step load and random perturbation at different control
areas. By proper selection of AI technique based controller for AGC of interconnected
multi area multi source power system gives the opportunity to works well with
nonlinearities also. Using novel Jaya based PID parameter values, two area
interconnected multi source power system without nonlinearities are simulated and set
against other bio-inspired based AI techniques like bio inspired IPSO, PSO and BFA
and social human behavior based TLBO algorithm.
Modern control theory helps in achieving the main objectives of AGC by
effective design strategy. Design of optimal AGC regulator is explored for three area
interconnected multi source power system with suitable structures of weighting
matrices. Linear quadratic regulator (LQR) owns the top spot for Optimal AGC
regulator design. The choice of weighting matrices propels the improvement in
dynamic performance and stability of system. Designing of optimal AGC regulator for
three different three-area interconnected multi source power systems has been planned.
In each power system, optimal AGC regulators have been designed by using different
structures of cost weighting matrices (Q an R). Three different structures of cost
weighting matrices have been inspected for the design of optimal AGC regulators. One
of the novel approaches for design of cost weighting matrices is based on the scaling
method. To validate the effectiveness of optimal AGC regulator with structures of
control and state cost weighting matrices, dynamic response of system for frequency
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and tie line power deviation is procured with 1% slp in each area. Optimal feedback
gain matrix, eigen values, dynamic response characteristics and dynamic responses are
the assessment to examine the stability of power system. The investigation carried out
reveal that optimal AGC regulator based on structures of control and state cost
weighting matrices with scaling method offer remarkable improvement in dynamic
stability as compared to other designed regulators.
Implementation of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage System (SMES)
in operation and control of AGC of three-area multi source power systems has been
studied. Analysis of PSO tuned Integral controller for AGC of three area
interconnected multi source power systems with and without SMES by considering
step load perturbation at different control areas has bee done. Comparative
performance of different bio-inspired artificial technique has been presented on AGC
of three area interconnected power system with SMES. With the use of SMES in
power system, significant improvement in the dynamic responses of power system has
been observed .Degradation of system due to the presence of hydro sources in
interconnected multi source power system with SMES is noticeably reduced by
considering 1% slp in all area as compared to 1% slp in individually areas.
Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) has the feature are to provide and
absorb power at the time of load disturbances and have ability to charge and discharge
in short span. AGC of three area multi source interconnected power systems by
including and excluding Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) at step load
perturbation in different control areas has been studied. Application of BESS in power
system certainly helps the power system to achieve AGC objectives in astonishingly
quick response time even with reneweable sources.
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ARYA, YOGENDRA. "SOME STUDIES ON AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL OF MULTI-AREA INTERCONNECTED RESTRUCTURED POWER SYSTEMS". Thesis, 2017. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/16145.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The prime objective of automatic generation control (AGC) is to adjust the active
power generation in response to variable power demands and hence to maintain
scheduled system frequency and scheduled tie-line power flows with neighboring
control areas at desired tolerance values. A sizeable fall in frequency might badly
affect the timing of electric clocks, magnetizing currents in transformers/induction
motors, constant speed of AC motors, continuous operation of processes and
synchronous operation of various units in power system. Additionally, power system
may face a serious instability problem at substantial drop in the frequency. In steady
state, automatically these variations must be zero. Enhanced power system stability is
achieved with the proper design of supplementary controller adopted in an AGC
system. However, continuous growth in size and complexity, stochastically changing
power demands, system modeling errors, alterations in electric power system
structures and variations in the system parameters over the time has turned AGC task
into a challenging one. Consequently, conventional control strategies may be
incompetent to handle such unpredictable variations in an AGC system. Hence, the
researchers over the world are trying to propose several novel control strategies that
fuse knowledge, techniques and methodologies from varied sources to tackle AGC
problem of power system effectively. The literature survey indicates that several
researchers, to tackle AGC issue in restructured system, have presented various types
of controllers optimized using various conventional and intelligent soft computing
techniques. The literature survey also unveils that the performance of AGC system
depends chiefly on the sort of intelligent technique exploited and structure of the
controller. Hence, the goal of the present study is to propose different types of new
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supplementary controller structures for various types of restructured as well as
traditional power systems.
The presented work is divided into ten chapters. Chapter 1 deals with the
introduction of AGC topic in deregulated environment. Chapter 2 presents a critical
review of AGC schemes in restructured power system. Chapter 3 stresses on the
modeling of traditional and restructured power systems under the study. The main
simulation work starts from Chapter 4.
In Chapter 4, the study is firstly conducted on a proposed restructured two-area
multi-source hydrothermal and hydrothermal gas power systems interconnected via
AC and AC/DC parallel tie-lines. Modern optimal control theory based optimal PI
structured controllers are designed with full state vector feedback control strategy
employing performance index minimization criterion. From the results obtained in the
study, it is substantiated that the use of AC/DC parallel links as an area
interconnection shows enrichment in the dynamic performance of the system in terms
of less oscillations, settling time and peak overshoots/undershoots in the deviation in
frequency and tie-line power responses. Eigenvalue study confirmed the positive
effect of AC/DC parallel links on the system dynamic performance and stability. It is
also observed that the multi-source hydrothermal system shows inferior performance
in comparison to the single-source thermal system due the presence of hydro source in
each area of the multi-source hydrothermal system due to the non-minimum phase
characteristics of hydro turbines.
The full state feedback optimal PI controllers work well and are very much robust
but in realistic environments, the measurement of all states is not feasible all the time.
Hence, next, in Chapter 5, some modern methods are adopted to conduct the study. In
first attempt, a modified fuzzy PI (FPI) controller optimized using genetic algorithm
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(GA) is proposed for different electric power system models such as traditional two
area non-reheat thermal, reheat thermal, multi-source hydrothermal and restructured
two-area reheat thermal systems. In traditional two-area multi-source hydrothermal
system, each control area owns two generating units, one non-reheat thermal and one
mechanical governor based hydro power plant. However, in restructured two-area
single-source system, each control area owns two single reheat thermal generating
units. Firstly, a FPI-1 controller is designed with nominal range of membership
functions (mfs) and GA tuned output scaling factors. Secondly, to test the impact of
alteration in horizontal range of mfs of FPI-1, it is further optimized to get FPI-2
controller. The results of FPI-1 and 2 controllers are compared and the results due to
later controller are found to be superior. Yet, FPI controllers are designed only for a
traditional two-area non-reheat thermal system; they are successfully applied on other
system under studies. The performance of FPI controllers is found significantly
superior in terms of lesser numerical values of settling times (STs), peak undershoots
(PUs) and various performance indices (PIs) compared to conventional controllers
based on optimal, GA, gravitational search algorithm (GSA), bacterial foraging
optimization algorithm (BFOA), hybrid BFOA-particle swarm optimization (hBFOA
PSO) and hybrid firefly algorithm-pattern search (hFA-PS) techniques.
Next, in Chapter 6, BFOA optimized fuzzy PI (FPI) and fuzzy PID (FPID)
controllers are proposed for traditional two-area non-reheat thermal, reheat thermal,
multi-source hydrothermal and restructured multi-source hydrothermal power
systems. BFOA is used to simultaneously tune the input and output scaling factors of
FPI/FPID controller keeping mfs and fuzzy rules invariant. It is observed that FPI
controller shows superior results in terms of lesser values of STs/PUs/PIs compared to
PI controller based on recently reported techniques like GA/PSO/BFOA/hBFOA
viii
PSO/hFA-PS/FA/artificial bee colony (ABC) and FPI controller tuned using PS/PSO
algorithms for the same system design.
Further, a fractional order PID (FOPID) structured controller is suggested for AGC
problem solution of power systems in Chapter 7. The parameters of FOPID controller
are optimized exploiting BFOA. At first, a traditional two-area multi-source
hydrothermal system is considered and the advantage of FOPID is established over
PI/PID controller optimized using hFA-PS and PID controller optimized using grey
wolf optimization (GWO) techniques. To show the effectiveness of the method, the
approach is further extended to restructured two-area multi-source hydrothermal and
thermal gas systems. The analysis of the simulation results discloses the efficacy of
FOPID controller over BFOA/differential evolution (DE)/GA optimized PID
controller. Then, the study is extended to a restructured three-area multi-source
hydrothermal power system.
In the next step of the study, a maiden attempt is made to propose a fractional
order fuzzy PID (FOFPID) controller for traditional two-area multi-source
hydrothermal, restructured two-area multi-source hydrothermal, restructured two-area
multi-source thermal gas and restructured three-area multi-source hydrothermal AGC
systems in Chapter 8. The parameters of FOFPID controller are also tuned utilizing
BFOA. The critical analysis of the obtained results revealed the worth of FOFPID
controller over FOPID controller in terms of less numerical value of STs, PUs and
PIs. It is also experienced that FOFPID controller satisfies the AGC requirements in
different power transactions taking place under deregulated environment more
fruitfully than FOPID controller.
In Chapter 9, FOFPID controller is implemented in AGC of restructured three
area multi-source hydrothermal system considering appropriate generation rate
ix
constraint (GRC), deadzone (DZ), boiler dynamics (BD) and time delay (TD).
However, controller is optimized for linear system it works robustly in the presence of
GRC/DZ/BD/TD physical constraints; though in the presence of GRC/DZ/BD/TD the
system performance degraded drastically in comparison to the linear or the system
with GRC only. Further, investigations clearly reveal that the controller is found to
perform well when the system is subjected to higher degree of uncontracted load
demands and simultaneous occurrence of uncontracted load demands. Thus, controller
parameters obtained for the linear system are robust enough and need not be retuned
for the system having appropriate GRC or GRC/DZ/BD/TD or wide changes in the
size and location of contract violations. Thus, BFOA tuned FOFPID controller and
other controllers proposed in the previous chapters may be options to supply reliable
power with quality to the consumers.
Finally, Chapter 10 presents an overview of the contributions made in the current
thesis. Few suggestions are also given to extend the research in the future.
5
Nagarajan, Ramya. "Composite System based Multi-Area Reliability Evaluation". 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-12-7223.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Currently, major power systems almost invariably operate under interconnected
conditions to transfer power in a stable and reliable manner. Multi-area reliability
evaluation has thus become an invaluable tool in the planning and operation of such
systems. Multi - area reliability evaluation is typically done by considering equivalent
tie lines between different areas in an integrated power system. It gives approximate
results for the reliability indices of a power system as it models each of the areas as a
single node to which are connected the entire area generation and loads. The intratransmission
lines are only indirectly modeled during the calculation of equivalent tie
lines' capacities. This method is very widely used in the power industry, but the
influence of the various approximations and assumptions, which are incorporated in this
method, on reliability calculations has not been explored.
The objective of the research work presented in this thesis is the development of
a new method called Composite system based multi - area reliability model, which does
multi - area reliability evaluation considering the whole composite system. It models the
transmission system in detail and also takes into account the loss sharing policy within an area and no - load loss sharing policy among the areas. The proposed method is
applied to standard IEEE 24 bus Reliability Test System (RTS) and the traditional
equivalent tie-line method is applied to the multi-area configuration of the same test
system. The results obtained by both the methods are analyzed and compared. It is found
that the traditional model, although having some advantages, may not give accurate
results.
Książki na temat "INTERCONNECTED MULTI AREA"
1
Fadil, Salih. A new optimal power dispatch technique using spot price of electricity for multi-area interconnected systems. 1992.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródła
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Quaglia, Lucia. The Politics of Regime Complexity in International Derivatives Regulation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866077.001.0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This book examines the post-crisis international derivatives regulation by bringing together the international relations literature on regime complexity and the international political economy literature on financial regulation. Specifically, it addresses three interconnected questions. What factors drove international standard-setting on derivatives post-crisis? Why did international regime complexity emerge? How was it managed and with what outcomes? Theoretically, this research innovatively combines a state-centric, a transgovernmental and a business-led explanations. Empirically, it examines all the main sets of standards (or elemental regimes) concerning derivatives, namely: trading, clearing, and reporting derivatives; resilience, recovery, and resolution of central counterparties; bank capital requirements for bank exposures to central counterparties and derivatives; margins for derivatives non-centrally cleared. Regime complexity in derivatives ensued from the multi-dimensionality and the interlinkages of the problems to tackle, especially because it was a new policy area without a focal international standard-setter. Overall, the international cooperation that took place in order to promote regulatory precision, stringency, and consistency in the regime complex on derivatives was remarkable, especially considering the large number of policy actors involved (states, private actors, regulators). The main jurisdictions played an important role in managing regime complexity, but their effectiveness was constrained by limited domestic coordination. Networks of regulators facilitated international standard-setting and contributed to managing regime complexity through formal and informal tools. The financial industry, at times, lobbied in favour of less precise and stringent rules, engaging in international ‘venue shopping’; other times, it promoted regulatory harmonization and consistency.
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Hall, Dewey W., i Jillmarie Murphy, red. Gendered Ecologies. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781949979046.001.0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Gendered Ecologies: New Materialist Interpretations of Women Writers in the Long Nineteenth Century is comprised of a diverse collection of essays featuring analyses of literary women writers, ecofeminism, feminist ecocriticism, and the value of the interrelationships that exist among human, nonhuman, and nonliving entities as part of the environs. The book presents a case for the often-disregarded literary women writers of the long nineteenth century, who were active contributors to the discourse of natural history—the diachronic study of participants as part of a vibrant community interconnected by matter. While they were not natural philosophers as in the cases of Sir Isaac Newton, Robert Boyle, and Michael Faraday among others, these women writers did engage in acute observations of materiality in space (e.g., subjects, objects, and abjects), reasoned about their findings, and encoded their discoveries of nature in their literary and artistic productions. The collection includes discussions of the works of influential literary women from the long nineteenth century—Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Shelley, Caroline Norton, Charlotte Brontë, George Eliot, Mary Elizabeth Braddon, Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, Margaret Fuller, Susan Fenimore Cooper, Celia Thaxter, Laura Ingalls Wilder, Francis Wright, and Lydia Maria Child—whose multi-directional observations of animate and inanimate objects in the natural domain are based on self-made discoveries while interacting with the environs.
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Anguillari, Enrico, i Branka Dimitrijević. INTEGRATED URBAN PLANNING: directions, resources and territories. TU Delft Bouwkunde, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/bookrxiv.24.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The purpose of the book on integrated urban planning (IUP) is to present ongoing research from the universities involved in the project Creating the Network of Knowledge Labs for Sustainable and Resilient Environments (KLABS). Although sustainability and resilience have been largely explored in many complex social-ecological systems, they have only recently been applied in the context of cities. Both concepts are useful when seeking an integrated approach to urban planning as they help to look at the city as an interconnected, multi-dimensional system. Analysing the sustainability and the resilience of urban systems involves looking at environmental, social and economic aspects, as well as at those related to technology, culture and institutional structures. Sustainability, resilience as well as integrated urban development are all focused on process. Their objectives are typically defined around the ongoing operation of the process and they can change during the time. Therefore, building a sustainable and resilient city is a collective endeavor that is about mindsets just as much as about physical structures and their operation, where capacity to anticipate and plan for the future, to learn and to adapt are paramount. The papers published in this book show that the recent and current research in those institutions focuses on the directions of development of IUP, the processes that support sustainable and resilient use of natural resources and their application in the Western Balkan and some other European countries. Each essay aims to provide an overview of key aspects of the research topic. The division of the book into three parts - directions, resources and territories - underlines how the challenges that the contemporary city poses can be dealt with more effectively by integrating different paradigms, concepts and trends of urban development and governance; taking into account the numerous problems linked to the availability and exploitation of the main natural and non-natural resources; and looking at the city and the territory as systems in constant transformation, not reducible within rigid dichotomies such as urban/rural, dense/sprawled, formal/informal, etc.
Części książek na temat "INTERCONNECTED MULTI AREA"
1
Jagatheesan, K., B. Anand i Sourav Samanta. "Flower Pollination Algorithm Tuned PID Controller for Multi-source Interconnected Multi-area Power System". W Springer Tracts in Nature-Inspired Computing, 221–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6104-1_10.
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Deeb, Moayad Ali, i Manoj Kumar Debnath. "Optimal LFC of Multi-area Interconnected System Applying PI-PID Cascaded Controller". W Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 55–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7076-3_6.
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Naga Sai Kalyan, Ch, i Chintalapudi V. Suresh. "Stabilizing Voltage and Frequency of Multi-area Interconnected Power System with Time Delays". W Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 255–66. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7788-6_17.
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Naga Sai Kalyan, Ch, i G. Sambasiva Rao. "Performance Index-Based Coordinated Control Strategy for Simultaneous Frequency and Voltage Stabilization of Multi-area Interconnected System". W Control Applications in Modern Power System, 45–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8815-0_4.
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Jagatheesan, K., Sourav Samanta, Alokeparna Choudhury, Nilanjan Dey, B. Anand i Amira S. Ashour. "Quantum Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm in Load Frequency Control of Multi-area Interconnected Thermal Power System with Non-linearity". W Studies in Big Data, 389–417. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63639-9_16.
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Nguyen, Gia Nhu, K. Jagatheesan, Amira S. Ashour, B. Anand i Nilanjan Dey. "Ant Colony Optimization Based Load Frequency Control of Multi-area Interconnected Thermal Power System with Governor Dead-Band Nonlinearity". W Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 157–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6916-1_14.
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Mohapatra, Tapas Kumar, i Binod Kumar Sahu. "Implementation of SSA-Based Fuzzy FOPID Controller for AGC of Multi-area Interconnected Power System with Diverse Source of Generation". W Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 329–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9330-3_34.
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Dekaraja, Biswanath, Lalit Chandra Saikia, Satish Kumar Ramoji, Naladi Ram Babu, Sanjeev Kumar Bhagat i Manoja Kumar Behera. "Modeling and Simulation of a Multi-area Hydro-thermal Interconnected System Using FOPIµ Controller for Integrated Voltage and Frequency Control". W Modeling, Simulation and Optimization, 275–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9829-6_21.
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Gupta, Neelesh Kumar, Idamakanti Kasireddy i A. K. Singh. "Design of PID Controller Using Strawberry Algorithm for Load Frequency Control of Multi-area Interconnected Power System with and Without Non-linearity". W Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 153–62. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0193-5_13.
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Cao, Huan, Lili Wu, Yue Chen, Yongtao Su, Zhengchao Lei i Chunping Zhao. "Analysis on the Security of Satellite Internet". W Communications in Computer and Information Science, 193–205. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4922-3_14.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractSatellite Internet (SI) is a new way to provide internet access all over the world. It will bring great convenience to international communication. Compared with the traditional communication networks, SI has a significant change in network architecture and communication model, which will have an important impact on national information network security. For example, the global interconnected SI consists of a large number of small satellites and each satellite has multi-beams to cover a vast area, which leads to the disorderly flow of information across the border, and greatly increases the difficulty of network protection. Therefore, it is necessary to closely track the development of SI and analyze security problems brought by SI. In this paper, we analyze the security risks of SI from the perspective of national security, network security and equipment security, and thirteen security issues have been summarized to provide reference for the healthy development of SI industry.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "INTERCONNECTED MULTI AREA"
1
Xue-Bo Chen, S. S. Stankovic i D. D. Siljak. "Decentralized state estimation of multi-area interconnected power systems". W Proceedings of 2002 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2002.1025431.
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Jia-an, Zhang, i Zhang Na. "Cooperative grid modeling for interconnected multilevel multi-area power systems". W 2011 4th International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation and Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drpt.2011.5994071.
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Lather, Jagdeep Singh, i Sukhwinder Dhillon. "Multi area load frequency control of interconnected power systems using JAYA". W 2017 IEEE Electrical Power and Energy Conference (EPEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epec.2017.8286241.
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Haiqiong Yi, Shijie Cheng, Yunhe Hou i Yixin Ni. "Mid-term frequency dynamics simulation of multi-area interconnected AC system". W 7th IET International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management (APSCOM 2006). IEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20062168.
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Mishra, Dillip Kumar, Tapas Kumar Panigrahi, Asit Mohanty i Prakash Kumar Ray. "Multi-area interconnected automatic generation control with IPFC and TDOFPID controller". W 2017 Third International Conference on Research in Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (ICRCICN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrcicn.2017.8234521.
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Kunya, A. B., i M. Argin. "Model predictive load frequency control of multi-area interconnected power system". W 2018 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpec.2018.8312114.
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Yang, Mi, Li Wenlin i Jing Yuanwei. "Decentralized load frequency variable structure control of multi-area interconnected power system". W 2011 23rd Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2011.5968266.
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Zamanian, Hamid, Jafar Ghaisari i Farid Sheikholeslam. "Robust networked control of load frequency in multi-area interconnected power system". W 2017 Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iraniancee.2017.7985210.
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Bai, Ao, Yanhong Luo, Huaguang Zhang i Guanghui Hua. "Data-Based H∞ Robust Frequency Control of Multi-Area Interconnected Microgrid System". W 2021 36th Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/yac53711.2021.9486560.
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Zhao, Jinquan, Yuejin Ji i Zemei Dai. "A distributed reactive power optimization method for multi-area interconnected power grid". W 2014 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT ASIA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgt-asia.2014.6873848.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "INTERCONNECTED MULTI AREA"
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O'Connor, Jack, Caitlyn Eberle, Davide Cotti, Michael Hagenlocher, Jonathan Hassel, Sally Janzen, Liliana Narvaez i in. Interconnected Disaster Risks. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), wrzesień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/nyhz4182.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
We live in an interconnected world, where disaster risks are increasing every day. In 2020/2021 alone, the world witnessed a number of record-breaking disasters that showed us clearer than ever before how interconnected we are, for better or worse. These disasters are symbols of underlying global issues that we must identify and address in order to better manage risk. This report analyses 10 disastrous events that occurred in 2020/2021 and explains that these events are interconnected with each other, with other larger, underlying societal processes, and with our behaviors and actions. We show that disasters in the past year were connected directly, such as in the case of the Arctic heatwave and the Texas cold wave, or indirectly, such as the COVID-19 pandemic’s influence on other disasters through impacts on economies and health systems. Co-occurring disasters, such as when Cyclone Amphan struck during the COVID-19 pandemic, drastically escalate levels of loss and damage, and risk management must adapt to account for such multi-hazard events. Case studies were also interconnected by shared root causes, the most common of which were human-induced greenhouse gas emissions and insufficient disaster risk management. However, other prominent root causes included global demand pressures, lack of national/international cooperation, prioritising individual profit and undervaluing environmental costs in decision-making. This report argues that since the risks associated with these disastrous events are interconnected in their root causes, influences, and impacts, thinking in fragmented, isolated and insular ways is no longer tenable. Instead, we must find integrated solutions that can tackle multiple root causes and emerging risks while enhancing our capacities to prepare and respond to future disasters.
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Mattheis, Ashley A. Atomwaffen Division and its Affiliates on Telegram: Variations, Practices, and Interconnections. RESOLVE Network, kwiecień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/remve2022.1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This research brief details findings from a recent collaborative project exploring different groups related to Atomwaffen Division (AWD) on Telegram. The brief provides an initial foray into understanding the digital communicative practices these AWD-related groups use to maintain their loose structure as a transnational, digitally networked extremist culture. Groups affiliated with the meta-brand of AWD are continuing to develop globally and building a transnational, digital networked culture, despite increased scrutiny. This indicates that their structure as a digitally networked, transnational culture provides resilience to traditional policy and law enforcement approaches. Addressing this threat requires insight into the practices that such groups use to interconnect their now multi-nodal, supranational organization.
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Sett, Dominic, Florian Waldschmidt, Alvaro Rojas-Ferreira, Saut Sagala, Teresa Arce Mojica, Preeti Koirala, Patrick Sanady i in. Climate and disaster risk analytics tool for adaptive social protection. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wnsg2302.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) as discussed in this report is an approach to enhance the well-being of communities at risk. As an integrated approach, ASP builds on the interface of Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Social Protection (SP) to address interconnected risks by building resilience, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of traditionally sectoral approaches. The design of meaningful ASP measures needs to be informed by specific information on risk, risk drivers and impacts on communities at risk. In contrast, a limited understanding of risk and its drivers can potentially lead to maladaptation practices. Therefore, multidimensional risk assessments are vital for the successful implementation of ASP. Although many sectoral tools to assess risks exist, available integrated risk assessment methods across sectors are still inadequate in the context of ASP, presenting an important research and implementation gap. ASP is now gaining international momentum, making the timely development of a comprehensive risk analytics tool even more important, including in Indonesia, where nationwide implementation of ASP is currently under way. OBJECTIVE: To address this gap, this study explores the feasibility of a climate and disaster risk analytics tool for ASP (CADRAT-ASP), combining sectoral risk assessment in the context of ASP with a more comprehensive risk analytics approach. Risk analytics improve the understanding of risks by locating and quantifying the potential impacts of disasters. For example, the Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) framework quantifies probable current and expected future impacts of extreme events and determines the monetary cost and benefits of specific risk management and adaptation measures. Using the ECA framework, this report examines the viability and practicality of applying a quantitative risk analytics approach for non-financial and non-tangible assets that were identified as central to ASP. This quantitative approach helps to identify cost-effective interventions to support risk-informed decision making for ASP. Therefore, we used Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, as a case study, to identify potential entry points and examples for the further development and application of such an approach. METHODS & RESULTS: The report presents an analysis of central risks and related impacts on communities in the context of ASP. In addition, central social protection dimensions (SPD) necessary for the successful implementation of ASP and respective data needs from a theoretical perspective are identified. The application of the quantitative ECA framework is tested for tropical storms in the context of ASP, providing an operational perspective on technical feasibility. Finally, recommendations on further research for the potential application of a suitable ASP risk analytics tool in Indonesia are proposed. Results show that the ECA framework and its quantitative modelling platform CLIMADA successfully quantified the impact of tropical storms on four SPDs. These SPDs (income, access to health, access to education and mobility) were selected based on the results from the Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) conducted to support the development of an ASP roadmap for the Republic of Indonesia (UNU-EHS 2022, forthcoming). The SPDs were modelled using remote sensing, gridded data and available global indices. The results illustrate the value of the outcome to inform decision making and a better allocation of resources to deliver ASP to the case study area. RECOMMENDATIONS: This report highlights strong potential for the application of the ECA framework in the ASP context. The impact of extreme weather events on four social protection dimensions, ranging from access to health care and income to education and mobility, were successfully quantified. In addition, further developments of CADRAT-ASP can be envisaged to improve modelling results and uptake of this tool in ASP implementation. Recommendations are provided for four central themes: mainstreaming the CADRAT approach into ASP, data and information needs for the application of CADRAT-ASP, methodological advancements of the ECA framework to support ASP and use of CADRAT-ASP for improved resilience-building. Specific recommendations are given, including the integration of additional hazards, such as flood, drought or heatwaves, for a more comprehensive outlook on potential risks. This would provide a broader overview and allow for multi-hazard risk planning. In addition, high-resolution local data and stakeholder involvement can increase both ownership and the relevance of SPDs. Further recommendations include the development of a database and the inclusion of climate and socioeconomic scenarios in analyses.
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Shaping the COVID decade: addressing the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19. The British Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bac19stf/9780856726590.001.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In September 2020, the British Academy was asked by the Government Office for Science to produce an independent review to address the question: What are the long-term societal impacts of COVID-19? This short but substantial question led us to a rapid integration of evidence and an extensive consultation process. As history has shown us, the effects of a pandemic are as much social, cultural and economic as they are about medicine and health. Our aim has been to deliver an integrated view across these areas to start understanding the long-term impacts and how we address them. Our evidence review – in our companion report, The COVID decade – concluded that there are nine interconnected areas of long-term societal impact arising from the pandemic which could play out over the coming COVID decade, ranging from the rising importance of local communities, to exacerbated inequalities and a renewed awareness of education and skills in an uncertain economic climate. From those areas of impact we identified a range of policy issues for consideration by actors across society, about how to respond to these social, economic and cultural challenges beyond the immediate short-term crisis. The challenges are interconnected and require a systemic approach – one that also takes account of dimensions such as place (physical and social context, locality), scale (individual, community, regional, national) and time (past, present, future; short, medium and longer term). History indicates that times of upheaval – such as the pandemic – can be opportunities to reshape society, but that this requires vision and for key decisionmakers to work together. We find that in many places there is a need to start afresh, with a more systemic view, and where we should freely consider whether we might organise life differently in the future. In order to consider how to look to the future and shape the COVID decade, we suggest seven strategic goals for policymakers to pursue: build multi-level governance; improve knowledge, data and information linkage and sharing; prioritise digital infrastructure; reimagine urban spaces; create an agile education and training system; strengthen community-led social infrastructure; and promote a shared social purpose. These strategic goals are based on our evidence review and our analysis of the nine areas of long-term societal impact identified. We provide a range of illustrative policy opportunities for consideration in each of these areas in the report that follows.