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Carette, Romuald. "Détection automatisée du trouble du spectre de l'autisme via eye-tracking et réseaux de neurones artificiels : conception d'un système d'aide à la décision". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0025.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Computer Sciences and Psychology fields are very far from each other. However, some needs in Cognitive Psychology (CP) can be satisfied through the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), in particular its connectionist approaches. There are a few uses of AI principles in CP, but they are quite inconspicuous. In particular, the case of the diagnosis support applied to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a blank slate, with a few exceptions. As some work in CP show a great difference between some autistic traits and the ability to focus, notably visually, we have worked on data from an Eye-Tracker to try and detect young children with ASD apart from others without ASD of equivalent age. This data is of two distinct formats, on one hand based on the strict recording of the eyes positions on the screen (2 dimensions) and from the screen (3 dimensions), and on the other hand based on an automatic analysis of the eye sight dynamics. These two data types are digital models of information, generally read via a graphical plot over a video, by CP experts while observing their participants. The work in this thesis have focused on the application of various data modifications (presented as images, with a dimension reduction or statistics). It used various AI models (Artificial, Recurrent and Convolutional Neural Networks) to produce detection support techniques. Then, we have applied a weighted mean over these results to increase the precision of this detection support technique. Through the work conducted in this thesis, various approaches have been tried, keeping as a common element the neural networks as learning tool. Starting with a study about eye focus event and LSTM, we continued with ocular recorded raw data and a image-based modeling, used with a CNN. After applying PCA on these images, this data are also used with a simple ANN, with enhanced results. Then, a statistical study aims for the study of correlation between the values recorded by our Eye-Tracking device, the correlation are then given to an ANN to reach the highest results of this work. Finally, we tried to gather the information of some of these models to improve the obtained results once more.The best of our results allowed to produce a ROC curve with an AUC reaching 95%, which allow to think about an almost perfect support, given we could add some data used in manual diagnosis, and a complete freeing of the experts' time to enable a total focus on the setup of the child's support and his/her closer following. Moreover, the opportunity of an earlier child diagnosis can help better reducing the child's neurodevelopmental delay. None of these models are perfect. Still, there is to be noted that the diagnosis is never made, in practice, with the sole Eye-Tracking related data. Aiming to constitute a diagnosis support system, it essentially serves as a guiding tool for the professional in his/her work and to free a part of his/her time
Taleb, Catherine. "Parkinson's desease detection by multimodal analysis combining handwriting and speech signals". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT039.
Pełny tekst źródłaParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder caused by a decreased dopamine level on the brain. This disease is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms that worsen over time. In advanced stages of PD, clinical diagnosis is clear-cut. However, in the early stages, when the symptoms are often incomplete or subtle, the diagnosis becomes difficult and at times, the subject may remain undiagnosed. Furthermore, there are no efficient and reliable methods capable of achieving PD early diagnosis with certainty. The difficulty in early detection is a strong motivation for computer-based assessment tools/decision support tools/test instruments that can aid in the early diagnosing and predicting the progression of PD.Handwriting’s deterioration and vocal impairment may be ones of the earliest indicators for the onset of the illness. According to the reviewed literature, a language independent model to detect PD using multimodal signals has not been enough addressed. The main goal of this thesis is to build a language independent multimodal system for assessment the motor disorders in PD patients at an early stage based on combined handwriting and speech signals, using machine learning techniques. For this purpose and due to the lack of a multimodal and multilingual dataset, such database that is equally distributed between controls and PD patients was first built. The database includes handwriting, speech, and eye movements’ recordings collected from control and PD patients in two phases (“on-state” and “off-state”). In this thesis we focused on handwriting and speech analysis, where PD patients were studied in their “on-state”.Language-independent models for PD detection based on handwriting features were built; where two approaches were considered, studied and compared: a classical feature extraction and classifier approach and a deep learning approach. Approximately 97% classification accuracy was reached with both approaches. A multi-class SVM classifier for stage detection based on handwriting features was built. The achieved performance was non-satisfactory compared to the results obtained for PD detection due to many obstacles faced.Another language and task-independent acoustic feature set for assessing the motor disorders in PD patients was built. We have succeeded to build a language independent SVM model for PD diagnosis through voice analysis with 97.62% accuracy. Finally, a language independent multimodal system for PD detection by combining handwriting and voice signals was built, where both classical SVM model and deep learning models were both analyzed. A classification accuracy of 100% is obtained when handcrafted features from both modalities are combined and applied to the SVM. Despite the encouraging results obtained, there is still some works to do before putting our PD detection multimodal model into clinical use due to some limitations inherent to this thesis
Ribas, Santos Eduardo. "Contribution au diagnostic qualitatif des procédés en intelligence artificielle". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_RIBAS_SANTOS_E.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaJaouen, Tristan. "Caractérisation du cancer de la prostate de haut grade à l’IRM multiparamétrique à l’aide d’un système de diagnostic assisté par ordinateur basé sur la radiomique et utilisé comme lecteur autonome ou comme second lecteur". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LYSE1140.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe developed a region of interest-based (ROIs) computer-aided diagnosis system (CAD) to characterize International Society of Urological Pathology grade (ISUP) ≥2 prostate cancers at multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI). Image parameters from two multi-vendor datasets of 265 pre-prostatectomy and 112 pre-biopsy MRIs were combined using logistic regression. The best models used the ADC 2nd percentile (ADC2) and normalized wash-in rate (WI) in the peripheral zone (PZ) and the ADC 25th percentile (ADC25) in the transition zone (TZ). They were combined in the CAD system. The CAD was retrospectively assessed on two multi-vendor datasets containing respectively 158 and 105 pre-biopsy MRIs from our institution (internal test dataset) and another institution (external test dataset). Two radiologists independently outlined lesions targeted at biopsy. The Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADSv2) score prospectively assigned at biopsy and the CAD score were compared to biopsy findings. At patient level, the areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) of the PI-RADSv2 score were 82% (95% CI: 74-87) and 85% (95% CI: 79-91) in the internal and external test datasets respectively. For both radiologists, the CAD score had similar AUC results in the internal (82%, 95% CI: 76-89, p=1; 84%, 95% CI: 78-91, p=1) and external (82%, 95% CI: 76-89, p=0.82; 86%, 95% CI: 79-93, p=1) test datasets. Combining PI-RADSv2 and CAD findings could have avoided 41-52% of biopsies while missing 6-10% of ISUP≥2 cancers. The CAD system confirmed its robustness showing good discrimination of ISUP ≥2 cancers in a multicentric study involving 22 different scanners with highly heterogeneous image protocols. In per patient analysis, the CAD and the PI-RADSv2 had similar AUC values (76%, 95% CI: 70-82 vs 79%, 95% CI: 73-86; p=0.34) and sensitivities (86%, 95% CI: 76-96 vs 89%, 95% CI: 79-98 for PI-RADSv2 ≥4). The specificity of the CAD (62%, 95% CI: 53-70 vs 49%, 95% CI: 39-59 for PI-RADSv2 ≥4) could be used to complement the PI-RADSv2 score and potentially avoid 50% of biopsies, while missing 13% of ISUP ≥2 cancers. These findings were very similar to those reported in the single center test cohorts. Given its robustness, the CAD could then be exploited in more specific applications. The CAD first provided good discrimination of ISUP ≥2 cancers in patients under Active Surveillance. Its AUC (80%, 95% CI: 74-86) was similar to that of the PI-RADS score prospectively assigned by specialized uro-radiologists at the time of biopsy (81%, 95% CI: 74-87; p=0.96). After dichotomization, the CAD was more specific than the PI-RADS ≥3 (p<0.001) and the PI-RADS ≥4 scores (p<0.001). It could offer a solution to select patients who could safely avoid confirmatory or follow-up biopsy during Active Surveillance (25%), while missing 5% of ISUP≥2 cancers. Finally, the CAD was tested with the pre-prostatectomy mp-MRIs of 56 Japanese patients, from a population which is geographically distant from its training population and which is of interest because of its low prostate cancer incidence and mortality. The CAD obtained an AUC similar to the PI-RADSv2 score assigned by an experience radiologist in the PZ (80%, 95% CI: 71-90 vs 80%, 95% CI: 71-89; p=0.886) and in the TZ (79%, 95% CI: 66-90 vs 93%, 95%CI: 82-96; p=0.051). These promising and robust results across heterogeneous datasets suggest that the CAD could be used in clinical routine as a second opinion reader to help select the patients who could safely avoid biopsy. This CAD may assist less experience readers in the characterization of prostate lesions
Fabien, Aratbi-Perrot. "Diagnostic et suivi d'état embarqués -- Une étude algorithmique". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864629.
Pełny tekst źródłaHamburger, Jean. "Intelligence artificielle et geologie : interpretation geo-historique et diagnostic de ceonception". Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066533.
Pełny tekst źródłaGerlinger, Gilles. "Diagnostic en temps réel par système expert : application à un système de diagnostic embarqué sur automobile". Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD366.
Pełny tekst źródłaLarrechea, Michel. "Méthodologie de modélisation des connaissances dans le domaine du diagnostic technique". Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10651.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl, Falou Mohamad. "Contributions à la composition dynamique de services fondée sur des techniques de planification et diagnostic multi-agents". Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2015.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis addresses the problem of service composition. We focus on the use of planning techniques and we introduce two different approaches that overcome some limitations of the existing approaches. The first approach has two centralized algorithms based respectively on Tree-seach and Graphplan. These algorithms do not scale up well due to their exponential complexity. In the second approach, we overcome this limitation by proposing a multi-agents planning architecture where each web service defined by a set of services and is considered as an agent. The agents are coordinated by merging their best partial plan that answer partially to a request. This coordination procedure is repeated iteratively until reaching the goal using a local heuristic function. This approach is then extended by a global heuristics to ensure its completeness if the sub-problems assigned to the agents are dependent. This global heuristic of evaluating the best local plan avoids the wells by considering the intermediate local plans offered by other agents. The study of the complexity of decentralized approaches shows that they are polynomial, and experimental results show that they are able to scale up well for complex problems. Finally, a self-healing services composition agent-based architecture is developed. This architecture is a real integration between the processes of composition, active dignosis, and repair into one planning process
Maalej, Mohamed-Amine, i Véronique Delcroix. "Diagnostic multiple des systèmes complexes à base de réseaux bayésiens". Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/46028b3e-dbca-41c6-a69f-b740ee4d0519.
Pełny tekst źródłaModel Based Diagnosis approach revolutionizes the field of the diagnosis as overcoming the lack of knowledge by using Model. Our research focuses on the task of multiple diagnosis, from failure observations, for complex and highly-reliable large systems. We take the advantages of the Bayesian networks models to improve the diagnosis of this type of systems. These models integrate the components failures prior probabilities, and allow estimating posterior probabilities of diagnoses, by an approached calculation. We present a methodology of diagnosis using Bayesian network. Our approach integrates a model design method, in addition to two diagnosis algorithms : the first algorithm allows calculating the most probable diagnoses for a failing system; the second provides quickly representatives of the diagnosis classes, it reveals also the cases while additional observations are necessary. Finally we test these algorithms in terms of computing time and results quality for digital circuits of various sizes
Hiluy-Filho, Joâo José. "Contribution à l'étude de l'exploitation d'un procédé de fabrication de bioéthanolApplication des systèmes experts au diagnostic d'incidents en fermentation". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECAP0914.
Pełny tekst źródłaDarwesh, Aso. "Diagnostic cognitif en EIAH : le système PépiMep". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066397.
Pełny tekst źródłaWolman, Frédéric. "Modèles du processus de raisonnement diagnostique : application au développement d'un système d'aide au diagnostic dans les tumeurs osseuses". Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR23057.
Pełny tekst źródłaFiol, Jean-Charles. "Logique floue dans un système expert de diagnostic d'entreprise". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010041.
Pełny tekst źródłaDefl2 is an expert system designed for the medium term analysis of a company. A preliminary study has demonstrated that it is necessary to put aside the obligation to settle all propositions on the basis of true or false. The original aspect of this work consists in a particular approach of artificial reasoning in the area of company management. This involves the use of the theory of fuzzy sub-groups and the theory of the possibilities concerning the representation of knowledge and the application of gradual reasoning. The rules, which include deductive knowledge, are written to make use of linguistic analysis, and process imprecise and uncertain information. The meta-rules include procedural knowledge and ensure the piloting of the system, by controlling the comparison of fuzzy data; the optimal use of all the rules regrouped into specific modules is achieved by means of repetition
Aguilera, Ana Isabel. "Construction dynamique d'une base de connaissance dans le cadre du diagnostic médical multi-experts". Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S144.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe research work presented in this thesis is related to the definition of knowledge acquisition method from multi-experts in medical diagnosis. Indeed, the medical environments and their knowledge associated have specific characteristics which require additional efforts in the design of knowledge systems. Our method consisted of three phases: 1) conceptual modeling of the agents which participate in the problem resolution, 2) development of computer tools for the knowledge acquisition and 3) validation of knowledge acquired. We achieved the phases described by our method and finally, we built a case base based on true cases and experts have validated it
Osmani, Aomar. "Diagnostic de pannes dans les réseaux : approche à base de modèles et raisonnement temporel". Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA132044.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbchiche, Nadia. "Elaboration, implémentation et validation d'une approche distribuée pour l'intégration de modèles de raisonnement hétérogènes : application au diagnostic de pannes électriques". Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081527.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work describes the elaboration of a distributed approach to integrate several heterogeneous reasoning models using multi-agents paradigms. Each reasoning model represents particular knowledge with appropriate methods. Since none of the reasonig models is able to solve a whole problem with acceptable performances, we have proposed a cooperation model, mocah (modellig cooperation between heterogeneous agents). The starting point is to model the cooperation reasoning at the knowledge level with a methodology usefull for domain expertise commet. In fact, we extracted cooperation expertise from works done in distributed artificial intelligence (contract net protocoles to allocate tasks, solving conflicts using negociation mechanisms). The most important point to develop is an agent's architecture to support the two levels of reasoning: cooperation reasoning and domain reasoning. These two levels are modeled using the above mentioned methodology which consist in decomposing knowledge according to three dimensions: the tasks, the methods and the domain model. Our architecture is sufficiently flexible to allow increasing the variety and the number of agents, deal with existing cooperation expertise and easily integrate new ones, and finally, be domain independent. A consensus representation is developed to make the agents communicating despite heterogeneous local representations. The agents reason not only on their own domain problems, but also on their capabilities and other agents' capabilities so they can cooperate to improve the problem solving process and increase the variety of the problems solved by the whole system. Our approach has been applied to diagnosis of faults in electrical functions of cars
Le, Guillou Xavier Cordier Marie-Odile. "Une approche décentralisée à base de chroniques pour la surveillance et le diagnostic de services web". Rennes : [s.n.], 2008. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2008/leguillou.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Guillou Xavier. "Une approche décentralisée à base de chroniques pour la surveillance et le diagnostic de services web". Rennes 1, 2008. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2008/leguillou.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work extends the chronicle recognition approach, commonly employed for diagnosing discrete event systems, to a distributed context and more precisely to the monitoring of web services. When a web service is sent a request, it collaborates with other services so as to provide its client with the expected answer. Faults may propagate from one service to another and, in order to react properly, diagnosing them is a key issue. The formalism of chronicles has been proposed a few years ago in order to monitor dynamic systems in real time. A chronicle, characterized by a set of temporally constrained events, describes the situations to monitor. Efficient algorithms allowing chronicle recognition on the fly exist, but in centralized cases only. It is now well-known that distributed approaches are well-suited to the monitoring of real systems. This PhD thesis aims at extending the chronicle-based approach to a distributed context. We propose an extension of the formalism of chronicles and two decentralized architectures whose common goal is, by merging local diagnoses computed by chronicle recognition systems, to obtain a global diagnosis allowing to elaborate a centralized repair plan. The main difference between those architectures consists in a global model of the interactions between services that is only used by one architecture. This work has been motivated by an application aiming at monitoring the behavior of software components, within the framework of the WS-Diamond european project
Grastien, Alban. "Diagnostic décentralisé et en-ligne de systèmes à événements discrets reconfigurables". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011757.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe diagnostic peut s'effectuer sur chacune de ces périodes, et on peut raffiner le résultat en vérifiant l'égalité entre l'état final d'une fenêtre et l'état initial de la suivante. Puisque le modèle global d'un système réel est trop grand pour être calculé, nous avons adapté les techniques de diagnostic décentralisé à notre approche. Enfin, nous avons étendu nos résultats aux systèmes reconfigurables, c'est-à-dire dont certains composants ainsi que les connexions entre ceux-ci peuvent être ajoutés, modifiés ou supprimés.
Diouf, Saliou Madani Kurosh. "Contribution au diagnostic industriel de défauts de roulement et de balourd par techniques neuronales application à la machine asynchrone à cage /". Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0254083.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDiouf, Saliou. "Contribution au diagnostic industriel de défauts de roulement et de balourd par techniques neuronales : application à la machine asynchrone à cage". Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120024.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is focused on vibratory signatures based faults detection and classification aiming computer aided diagnosis of defects relative to umbalanced rotation or dealing with rolling bearing's external ring's chipping defects appearing in turning machines. It relates the use of neural techniques for detection and computer aided diagnosis of such defects. We develop two approaches starting from the vibratory signatures obtained for the first one from a current sensor, and for the other one from an accelometer-like sensor. These signatures are initially pre-processed by PCA and after that they are classified by an artificial neural network (ANN). We use two types of neural classifiers, known for their classification capabilities : RBF and LVQ. The validation of these two approaches is carried out through the study of the pre-processing of the signatures and the parameters of different ANNs, using an experimental asynchronous electromotor
François, Jérémie. "Fusion de connaissances expérimentales et expertes : une approche évolutive du diagnostic". Compiègne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000COMP1308.
Pełny tekst źródłaAygalinc, Pascal. "Application de la reconnaissance des formes à l'aide au diagnostic médical : sélection multicritère de variables explicatives". Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10083.
Pełny tekst źródłaAntoine, Jean-Luc. "Diagnostic en entretien routier : le système-expert coopérant ERASME". Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05SA18.
Pełny tekst źródłaZanni-Merk, Cecilia. "Proposition d'un cadre conceptuel pour l'analyse, la classification et le choix de systèmes de diagnostic à base de connaissances". Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30010.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation proposes a framework to represent, analyse and compare knowledge-based diagnosis systems. It is defined by a three-dimensional space that is described by a conceptual, a functional and an ontological dimension. The conceptual dimension focuses on the problem solving method, while the functional dimension describes in which causality is represented in the models. Finally, the ontological dimension describes the nature of the phenomena to be diagnosed. In this way, the similarities and the differences among the systems can be easily observed and analysed. Further study of the conceptual dimension leads to the formulation of a unifying inference structure for describing this kind of systems. We call this unifying inference structure COPE. We remark that every inference structure of these systems may be seen as a particularisation of it. Additionally, COPE constitutes a general description of knowledge-base diagnosis systems when considered from a conceptual point of view
Cauvin, Jean-Michel. "Raisonnement médical et aide à la décision en endoscopie digestive". Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN1B052.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoualhi, Abdenour. "Du diagnostic au pronostic de pannes des entraînements électriques". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10146/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFaults diagnosis and prognosis of electrical drives play a key role in the reliability and safety of production tools especially in key sectors (military, aviation, aerospace and nuclear, etc.). The research presented in this thesis aims to introduce new methods for faults diagnosis and prognosis of an induction motors and roller bearings. These methods use measured data collected from sensors placed on the system (induction motor, roller) in order to construct a feature vector which indicates the state of the system. Supervised and unsupervised classification methods are developed to classify measurements (observations) described by the feature vector compared to known or unknown operating modes, with or without failures. Defects were created in the rotor and the bearing of the induction motor, fed by a voltage inverter. The unsupervised classification technique, based on artificial ant-clustering, allows analyzing the unknown and unexplored observations to highlight classes with similar observations. This allows improving the classification and the detection of new operating modes. The supervised classification, based on hidden Markov models, allows associating a degree of similarity when we affect an observation to one or more classes. This defines a reliability index which allows the detection of new operating modes. These methods are not limited to diagnose faults; they can also contribute to the prognosis of faults. Indeed, the prognosis can be defined as an extension of the problem of diagnosis. The prognosis of faults is carried out by three methods based on hidden Markov models for the detection of an impending failure and by two methods based on the neuro-fuzzy system (ANFIS for Adaptive Neuro fuzzy Inference System and the neo-fuzzy neuron) to estimate the remaining time before its appearance. A set of historical data collected on roller bearings is used to validate the proposed methods. The obtained results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods for faults diagnosis and prognosis of electrical drives
Guerraz, Bruno. "Construction de chroniques à partir d'une modélisation du système : application au diagnostic de réseaux de télécommunications". Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S146.
Pełny tekst źródłaZhang, Jie. "Diagnostic multi-expert : extension de l'approche système expert organisé en réseau du système SUPER". Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD405.
Pełny tekst źródłaCourtois, Joël. "Siam : un système de diagnostic qui s'adapte aisément à de nouveaux domaines et qui enseigne sa méthode". Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066461.
Pełny tekst źródłaPencolé, Yannick. "Diagnostic décentralisé de systèmes à évènements discrets : application aux réseaux de télécommunications". Rennes 1, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003581.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoatas, Armand. "Diagnostic par estimation de densité conditionnelle. Application à la surveillance du convertisseur catalytique d'une automobile". Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1333.
Pełny tekst źródłaCocca, Claude. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un système de diagnostic à deux niveaux : application à la surveillance d'une pompe à chaleur". Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD140.
Pełny tekst źródłaHenry-Chatelain, Catherine. "Génération de méta-faits pour la modélisation du raisonnement en diagnostic médical : application du diagnostic de l'infection néonatale". Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD068.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe theme of this work is the development of an expert system for materno-foetal diagnosis in newborn babies. The study is part of the development of an essential expert system usable in either the diagnostic or simulation mode. Firstly, we present the various stages of an expert system development and also the main modes of knowledge representation via expert system description in the medical field. Secondly, we describe the essential expert system and its natural language interface with which its development has been conducted. Following this, we describe the main feature of materno-foetal infections, so as to highlight the various problems associated with their diagnosis. These are broken down and formulated in such a way that the analysis is in the form of fairly simple reasoning process. We put forward a general-purpose model of knowledge representation, based here upon infection criteria, as well as a meta-knowledge automatic generation module ; the latter, using the direct description of the basic facts allows us to deduce new data, in terms compatible with those used by doctors. The practical use of the module is described in considerable detail. The whole of the various generated meta-knowledge is reported, as is its analysis and the choice of triggerable rules. An example of a consultation is given. Results are presented for the evaluation phase, which was conducted in a pediatric reanimation unit
Belard, Nuno. "Reasoning about models: detecting and isolating abnormalities in diagnostic systems". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719547.
Pełny tekst źródłaFoucher, Philippe. "Etude d'indicateurs morphologiques pour la caractérisation de l'état hybride de végétaux par analyse d'images". Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0015.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this work is to study how artificial vision, using shape analysis methods, can indicate a modificatifion of the state of the plant. To this end, morphological indicators, allowing a diagnosis in the case of plants when water deficits are fairly high, are researched. The study is realised on images of forsythias looked at from a horizontal plane. The artificial vision is composed of two steps. The first one consists of developing a method to classify pixels of the image in two groups : the plant and its background. Thus, a one hidden layer perceptron was tested with success. The second step concerns the identification of parameters indicating the whole morphological evolution of plants under water stress conditions. Several methods were developped and tested. Three methods allowed to define, in an absolute manner, a threshold above which the plant can be considered stressed. A physiological study of the water status of the plant was undertaken in a parallel way to validate the results obtained-by artificial vision
Noorsaman, Andy. "Contribution à l'étude et au développement d'un système de diagnostic de dysfontionnement d'un procédé de distillation". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0273.
Pełny tekst źródłaFromont, Élisa. "Apprentissage multisource par programmation logique inductive : application à la caractérisation d'arythmies cardiques". Rennes 1, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011455v2.
Pełny tekst źródłaKanaoui, Nadia Madani Kurosh. "Contribution à l'étude et à la mise en oeuvre d'approches hybrides d'aide au diagnostic application aux domaines biomédical et industriel /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0405815.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaKanaoui, Nadia. "Contribution à l'étude et à la mise en oeuvre d'approches hybrides d'aide au diagnostic : application aux domaines biomédical et industriel". Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120066.
Pełny tekst źródłaResearch work developed in this thesis deals with decision support systems for fault diagnosis, pattern recognition and decision-making based on artificial intelligence using hybrid techniques, and soft computing implying neural networks and fuzzy logic. The aim of this work is absolutely not to replace specialized human (doctor, expert,. . . ) but to suggest efficient Diagnosis Support Systems (DSS) with a certain confidence index. Thus, the main objective is the development of hybrid modular approaches allowing the elaboration of such DSS for certain kinds od applications (biomedicine and industrial). For that, a global methodology, based on multiple knowledge representation and multiple classification has been suggested exploiting different representation and classification strategies. Potential advantages of this methodology are : the multiple knowledge representation from same source or different sources of information (exploiting rich information which can be extracted from different representations : signal, global image, subdivided image), the multiple classification (redundancy and/or complementary), the hybrid structure in classification and decision-making based on hybrid modular approaches in order to exploit the complementary aspect, and the exploitation of a confidence parameter in the decision-making to suggest a final result of diagnosis with a confidence index. More, the modular aspect in this methodology will facilitate its adaptation from one application to another
Duran, Audrey. "Intelligence artificielle pour la caractérisation du cancer de la prostate par agressivité en IRM multiparamétrique". Thesis, Lyon, 2022. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2022LYSEI008/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaProstate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men in more than half the countries in the world and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men in 2020. Diagnosis of PCa includes multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging acquisition (mp-MRI) - which combines T2 weighted (T2-w), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) sequences - prior to any biopsy. The joint analysis of these multimodal images is time demanding and challenging, especially when individual MR sequences yield conflicting findings. In addition, the sensitivity of MRI is low for less aggressive cancers and inter-reader reproducibility remains moderate at best. Moreover, visual analysis does not currently allow to determine the cancer aggressiveness, characterized by the Gleason score (GS). This is why computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems based on statistical learning models have been proposed in recent years, to assist radiologists in their diagnostic task, but the vast majority of these models focus on the binary detection of clinically significant (CS) lesions. The objective of this thesis is to develop a CAD system to detect and segment PCa on mp-MRI images but also to characterize their aggressiveness, by predicting the associated GS. In a first part, we present a supervised CAD system to segment PCa by aggressiveness from T2-w and ADC maps. This end-to-end multi-class neural network jointly segments the prostate gland and cancer lesions with GS group grading. The model was trained and validated with a 5-fold cross-validation on a heterogeneous series of 219 MRI exams acquired on three different scanners prior prostatectomy. Regarding the automatic GS group grading, Cohen’s quadratic weighted kappa coefficient (κ) is 0.418 ± 0.138, which is the best reported lesion-wise kappa for GS segmentation to our knowledge. The model has also encouraging generalization capacities on the PROSTATEx-2 public dataset. In a second part, we focus on a weakly supervised model that allows the inclusion of partly annotated data, where the lesions are identified by points only, for a consequent saving of time and the inclusion of biopsy-based databases. Regarding the automatic GS group grading on our private dataset, we show that we can approach performance achieved with the baseline fully supervised model while considering 6% of annotated voxels only for training. In the last part, we study the contribution of DCE MRI, a sequence often omitted as input to deep models, for the detection and characterization of PCa. We evaluate several ways to encode the perfusion from the DCE MRI information in a U-Net like architecture. Parametric maps derived from DCE MR exams are shown to positively impact segmentation and grading performance of PCa lesions
Charest, Jonathan. "Système intelligent de détection et diagnostic de fautes en tomographie d'émission par positrons". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11628.
Pełny tekst źródłaBelard, Nuno. "Raisonnement sur les modèles : détection et isolation d'anomalies dans les systèmes de diagnostic". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1697/.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn Model-Based Diagnosis, a set of inference rules is typically used to compute diagnoses using a scientific and mathematical theory about a system under study and some observations. Contrary to the classical hypothesis, it is often the case that these Models are abnormal with respect to a series of required properties, hence affecting the quality of the computed diagnoses with possibly huge economical consequences, in particular at Airbus. A thesis on reality and cognition is firstly used to redefine the classic framework of model-based diagnosis from a formal model-theoretic perspective. This, in turn, enables the formalisation of abnormalities and of their relation with the properties diagnoses. With such material and the idea that an implemented diagnostic system can be seen a real-world artefact to be diagnosed, a theory of meta-diagnosis is developed, enabling the detection and isolation of abnormalities in Models of diagnostic systems and explanation in general. Such theory is then encoded in a tool, called MEDITO, and successfuly tested against Airbus real-world industrial problems. Moreover, as different heterogeneous implemented Airbus diagnostic systems, suffering from distinct abnormalities, may compute different diagnoses, methods and tools are developed for: 1) checking the consistency between subsystem-level diagnoses and 2) validating and comparing the performance of these diagnostic systems. Such work relies on an original bridge between the Airbus framework of diagnosis and its academic counterpart. Finally, meta-diagnosis is generalised to handle meta-systems other than implemented diagnostic systems
Bourrier, Yannick. "Diagnostic et prise de décision pédagogique pour la construction de compétences non-techniques en situation critique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS002.
Pełny tekst źródłaNon-technical skills (NTS) are a set of metacognitive abilities that complement technical skills and allow for a safe and efficient technical activity. They play an important role during the handling of critical situations, in many domains, including driving or acute medicine. This thesis work focused on the building of a virtual environment for learning (VEL), dedicated to the training of these non-technical skills, through the experience of critical situations. The main contributions target two fundamental aspects with regards to the construction of such a VEL. First, we focused our efforts on the conception of an architecture able to diagnose a learner’s NTS. This is an ill-defined problem, given the low degree of domain knowledge, the real time aspects of this learning process, and the unique relations between criticality, technical, and non-technical skills. This architecture combines domain knowledge, machine learning, and a Bayesian network, to cross the semantic gap between the learner’s perceptual-gestural activity inside the VEL, and the diagnostic of high level, cognitive, NTS. Second, we built a pedagogical module, able to make decisions based on the diagnostic module, in order to build a « journey through criticality » adapted to each of our learners’ characteristics, in order to strengthen said their NTS. This module associates the knowledge about the learner obtained by the Bayesian network, with a reinforcement-learning « multi-armed bandit » algorithm, to reinforce the learner’s NTS through time. Experiments were conducted in order to validate our modelling choices. These experiments were first conducted on real user data, obtained during training sessions performed on a « large scale » driving simulator, in order to evaluate the robustness of the Bayesian network as well as its ability to provide varied diagnostics given its inputs. We then built a synthetic dataset in order to test the pedagogical module, more specifically its capabilities to provide adapted learning situations to learners of different profiles, and to contribute to these learner’s acquisition of NTS through time
Jousselin, Agnès. "Extension de méthodes de reconnaissance statistique de formes pour l'applicabilité au diagnostic". Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPI187.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoufflet, Jean-Paul. "Emplois du temps dans un environnement fortement contraint : exemple de l'U.T.C". Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMP454S.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoufflet, Jean-Paul. "Emplois du temps dans un environnement fortement contraint : exemple de l'U.T.C". Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD454.
Pełny tekst źródłaRacoceanu, Daniel. "Contribution à la Surveillance des Systèmes de Production en Utilisant l'Intelligence Artificielle". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011708.
Pełny tekst źródłaNos contributions se sont orientées précisément vers la mise au point de systèmes de surveillance dynamiques intelligents, en abordant des problématiques liées à la détection dynamique et au diagnostic curatif et préventif. Les techniques de l'intelligence artificielle ont ainsi constituées la colonne vertébrale de nos études, avec des travaux allant de la conception théorique et le test de nouveaux outils de surveillance dynamique, jusqu'à la validation, le prototypage et l'exploitation industrielle des concepts développés.
Dans le domaine de la surveillance dynamique, une de nos contributions majeures correspond à l'introduction d'un réseau de neurones dynamique innovant, le Réseau Récurrent à base de Fonctions radiales (RRFR). En faisant appel aux propriétés dynamiques des architectures localement récurrentes, le RRFR se caractérise par une approche de reconnaissance locale – essentielle en surveillance industrielle –, tout en permettant – de part ses caractéristiques dynamiques intrinsèques – une détection précoce des paliers de dégradation et une robustesse vis-à-vis des fausses alarmes. L'existence d'une mémoire statique et d'une mémoire dynamique facilement paramétrables au sein de la même structure, confère au réseau une souplesse d'utilisation très intéressante, ainsi qu'un accès à des techniques d'apprentissage allégées. Par ailleurs, dans le but d'augmenter la rapidité et l'efficacité de l'apprentissage, une version améliorée de l'algorithme des k-moyennes, permet d'améliorer la robustesse des algorithmes et de se situer dans la zone optimale de « bonne généralisation ».
La prise en compte de l'incertain fait l'objet d'une deuxième partie de nos travaux, située dans la continuité de la première. Dans ce sens, l'utilisation de la logique floue en surveillance dynamique se montre très intéressante de part la proximité par rapport au raisonnement et à l'expérience des opérateurs et ingénieurs, ainsi que de part la possibilité d'assurer une traçabilité essentielle pour le retour d'expérience en maintenance. Un outil de type réseau de Petri flou dédié à la surveillance (RdPFS) des systèmes de production a ainsi constitué l'objet de cette étude. Cet outil, basé essentiellement sur la modélisation floue de la variable "instant d'apparition" de l'événement discret, est muni d'un mécanisme d'interfaçage intégré, inspiré des réseaux de Petri à synchronisations internes, permettant la communication entre les outils de modélisation, de surveillance et de reprise. Dans un tel système, l'utilisation de la logique floue offre une souplesse d'utilisation et une dimension prédictive très intéressante. Basé sur un modèle RdPFS construit à partir des règles logiques induites par l'arbre de défaillance du système surveillé, nous avons montré sa capacité d'analyse dynamique des défauts, en utilisant une approche temporelle floue.
Dans nos travaux les plus récents, les avantages des outils neuronaux dynamiques et de la logique floue ont été mis à l'œuvre conjointement dans le cadre de systèmes hybrides neuro-flous d'aide à la surveillance. L'outil hybride ainsi proposé comporte deux parties, une première pour la détection dynamique – utilisant le RRFR amélioré essentiellement au niveau des algorithmes d'apprentissage dynamiques – et une deuxième pour le diagnostic curatif et prédictif, utilisant un réseau neuro-flou construit à partir de l'arbre de défaillance et de l'AMDEC du système / sous-système surveillé. Il est à noter que ce type de système de surveillance dynamique utilise l'approche abductive de recherche de cause – élément indispensable pour un diagnostic efficace. Par ailleurs, l'apprentissage dynamique permet de commencer l'activité de surveillance dynamique même en l'absence de données très consistantes, en enrichissant et affinant les symptômes et les causes associées (respectivement les degrés de crédibilité de celles-ci) au fur et à mesure du fonctionnement du système, grâce aux algorithmes neuronaux incorporés.
Parmi les verrous technologiques abordés lors de nos contributions, une place importante est accordée à la surveillance dynamique par apprentissage en ligne, en traitant des problèmes liés à la rapidité et la flexibilité de l'apprentissage, au temps de réponse, au traitement de grands flux de données, ainsi qu'aux méthodes de validation utilisant le test sur des benchmarks et le prototypage industriel.
Dans ce sens, l'exploitation industrielle du réseau récurrent à fonctions de base radiales a représenté une étape importante de nos travaux. Elle nous a permis la mise en œuvre d'une application de surveillance dynamique en temps réel d'un système, en utilisant l'apprentissage dynamique distant via le web. Mettant en évidence l'intérêt des techniques développées dans la réorganisation de l'activité de surveillance grâce aux nouvelles technologies, cette exploitation industrielle a donné lieu à un brevet d'invention, déposé en collaboration avec une SSII bisontine.
La conception de l'outil de surveillance neuro-flou a été menée en utilisant des spécifications UML. Cette approche a été initiée (étude, normalisation, spécification) dans le cadre du projet Européen PROTEUS/ITEA et finalisée (prototypage) dans le cadre d'un projet financé par l'ANVAR. Essentiels pour l'industrialisation des systèmes proposés, l'information de départ est considérée sous un format industriel classique (ADD, AMDEC, ...) et la mise à jour est assurée par une réelle ouverture du système traduite par des liens permanents avec les systèmes d'acquisition (capteurs, SCADA, ...) et les systèmes de gestion (GMAO, ...).
Dans le domaine de la e-maintenance, un défi considérable est constitué par le besoin de normalisation des plates-formes de e-maintenance, dans l'objectif d'arriver à terme à une génération automatique de ces plateformes, et à un standard qui pourra constituer un guide pour tous les constructeurs d'équipement soucieux d'intégrer leur produit dans une plate-forme de ce type. Du point de vue scientifique, il s'agit d'arriver à une génération automatique ou interactive d'une telle plate-forme, en fonction des services participants et du contexte d'utilisation. L'objectif est très ambitieux, car générateur de nouveaux services et de nouvelles opportunités commerciales. Il constitue l'objectif principal du projet européen SHIVA, dans lequel se retrouvent les partenaires les plus actifs de PROTEUS, avec – mise a part des partenaires déjà existants comme Cegelec et Schneider – des partenaires industriels nouveaux, tout aussi prestigieux, comme la Division des Constructions Navales et Airbus.
Concernant les perspectives de nos travaux, s'inscrivant dans le cadre des mêmes tendances de décentralisation et de migration de l'intelligence vers les niveaux opérationnels, une direction d'étude intéressante est constituée par le domaine des réseaux de capteurs intelligents. Cette perspective pourra ainsi intégrer des tendances technologiques liées aux connecteurs intelligents (« smart connectors ») basés sur le multiplexage et sur les courants porteurs, afin de réduire le volume de câblage, des points de connexion et afin de mieux prendre en considération les contraintes de sûreté de fonctionnement de ce type de réseaux, contraintes qui – dans un avenir très proche – seront vraisemblablement déterminantes.
Par ailleurs, dans un contexte régional, lié à la création du pôle de compétitivité « microtechniques », la problématique de la fabrication des microsystèmes est une problématique présentant un intérêt croissant. En effet, de nombreux prototypes de microsystèmes sont proposés en phase de prototype, avec une création liée à une manière plutôt artisanale, tout à fait compréhensible – vu les technologies innovantes utilisées -, mais qui ne se prête pas à une commercialisation de ces produits. De ce fait, l'étude des microsystèmes de production semble être un domaine porteur et permettant de garder des emplois européens – souvent menacés par la délocalisation.
Enfin, le diagnostic à partir de l'imagerie médicale en utilisant les techniques de l'intelligence artificielle me semble un domaine où mes compétences en recherche (surveillance par IA) et en enseignement (traitement de l'image) peuvent se donner la main pour aborder une thématique nouvelle, présentant un grand intérêt dans le domaine des biotechnologies, dans lequel la France est bien engagée depuis un certain nombre d'années. Cette perspective correspond au projet de recherche propose dans le cadre de ma délégation CNRS au laboratoire IPAL – Image Perception, Access and Learning (actuellement FRE, UMI-CNRS a partir de 2006) de Singapour.
Bourrier, Yannick. "Diagnostic et prise de décision pédagogique pour la construction de compétences non-techniques en situation critique". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS002/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaNon-technical skills (NTS) are a set of metacognitive abilities that complement technical skills and allow for a safe and efficient technical activity. They play an important role during the handling of critical situations, in many domains, including driving or acute medicine. This thesis work focused on the building of a virtual environment for learning (VEL), dedicated to the training of these non-technical skills, through the experience of critical situations. The main contributions target two fundamental aspects with regards to the construction of such a VEL. First, we focused our efforts on the conception of an architecture able to diagnose a learner’s NTS. This is an ill-defined problem, given the low degree of domain knowledge, the real time aspects of this learning process, and the unique relations between criticality, technical, and non-technical skills. This architecture combines domain knowledge, machine learning, and a Bayesian network, to cross the semantic gap between the learner’s perceptual-gestural activity inside the VEL, and the diagnostic of high level, cognitive, NTS. Second, we built a pedagogical module, able to make decisions based on the diagnostic module, in order to build a « journey through criticality » adapted to each of our learners’ characteristics, in order to strengthen said their NTS. This module associates the knowledge about the learner obtained by the Bayesian network, with a reinforcement-learning « multi-armed bandit » algorithm, to reinforce the learner’s NTS through time. Experiments were conducted in order to validate our modelling choices. These experiments were first conducted on real user data, obtained during training sessions performed on a « large scale » driving simulator, in order to evaluate the robustness of the Bayesian network as well as its ability to provide varied diagnostics given its inputs. We then built a synthetic dataset in order to test the pedagogical module, more specifically its capabilities to provide adapted learning situations to learners of different profiles, and to contribute to these learner’s acquisition of NTS through time