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Kuldkepp, Mattias. "Radial profiling using local and line integrated spectroscopic measurements /". Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346.
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Hong, H. "Novel CMOS integrated current drivers for wideband bioimpedance measurements". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/133490/.
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Bioelectrical impedance measurements are routinely used in many clinical applications such as lung function monitoring, brain imaging, body segment monitoring and tissue characterization. Advantages of the method include low-cost, simplicity and non-invasiveness. One bioimpedance imaging technique of particular interest is Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT). EIT works by reconstructing the differences in electrical conductivity inside a body. The design of instrumentation for bioimpedance measurements is very challenging, particularly for applications requiring wideband operation (e.g., imaging of cancer biomarkers). Such applications require wideband current drivers that can deliver accurate and stable sinusoidal current (AC) to the electrode-tissue load. Many current drivers for bioimpedance measurements are based on discrete electronics, mostly using the modified Howland circuit (MHC). However, the accuracy and performance of the MHC depends on the performance of the operational amplifiers used and on the degree of matching of its resistors, making the approach not attractive for integration. In addition, because it uses both positive and negative feedback it can suffer from stability problems and since it employs voltage feedback it suffers from bandwidth limitations. This thesis is concerned with the design implementation and experimental evaluation of novel current drivers for wideband, fully-integrated, bioimpedance instrumentation for EIT applications. Three new current driver circuits are introduced based on the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) approach, and implemented in sub-micron CMOS technology. The described integrated current drivers overcome many of the limitations of discrete current drivers, i.e., limited precision at high frequencies, stability, and low-bandwidth. Two new open-loop current drivers implemented in 0.35-μm CMOS technology are presented and their performance is analyzed and simulated. One of the current drivers was fabricated as an integrated circuit and its performance was experimentally verified using RC loads, a saline tank electrode phantom and electrodes on the forearm. In order to further improve its performance, a novel negative impedance converter (NIC) circuit is introduced which compensates for the stray capacitance at the output node due to the cable connecting the current driver to the electrodes. Finally, a new current driver in 0.6-μm CMOS technology is presented using feedback to provide high output impedance from DC to over1 MHz. Simulation results including Monte-Carlo analysis are presented to show the operation of the circuit.
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Neitsch, Marie, Iris-Susanne Horn, Mathias Hofer, Andreas Dietz i Miloš Fischer. "Integrated multipoint-laser endoscopic airway measurements by transoral approach". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-204675.
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Objectives: Optical and technical characteristics usually do not allow objective endoscopic distance measurements. So far no standardized method for endoscopic distance measurement is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of transoral airway measurements with a multipoint-laser endoscope. Methods: The semirigid endoscope includes a multipoint laser measurement system that projects 49 laser points (wavelength 639 nm, power < 5mW) into the optical axis of the endoscopic view. Distances, areas, and depths can be measured in real-time. Transoral endoscopic airway measurements were performed on nine human cadavers, which were correlated with CT measurements. Results: The preliminary experiment showed an optimum distance between the endoscope tip and the object of 5 to 6 cm. There was a mean measurement error of 3.26% ±
2.53%. A Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.95 (
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Constantinou, L. "Novel CMOS integrated current driver circuits for bioimpedance measurements". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1458860/.
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Bioimpedance spectroscopy is a study of the variation of tissue’s electrical properties, both conductive and dielectric, through a frequency spectrum (100Hz to 1MHz). It involves the application of AC signals to the surface of the tissue via electrode pairs, which can either be a current signal or a voltage signal, and the resulting surface signals are recorded via a separate or the same pair. The recorded signals are converted to impedance measurements via a demodulation procedure. The study of tissue’s electrical properties can provide with useful information regarding both its physiology and pathology. The main aim of the work described in the thesis is the design and development of novel CMOS current drivers, for wideband tetrapolar bioimpedance measurements (100Hz- 1MHz). The work presented resulted in the fabrication and experimental validation of two current driver circuits which offer superior performance relative to existing designs. The first design was fabricated using a 0.6 µm CMOS technology and occupies a silicon area of 0.64 mm2. It can deliver a maximum output current of 5 mAp-p operating from a ±9V supply (15V output compliance). The output impedance is 665 kΩ at 100 kHz and 372 kΩ at 500 kHz. The second design was fabricated using a standard 0.35 µm CMOS technology and occupies a silicon area of 0.4 mm2. It can deliver a maximum output current of 1 mAp-p operating from a ±2.5V supply (4V output compliance). The output impedance is higher than 1 MΩ up to 500 kHz reducing to 360 kΩ at 1MHz, thus further improving the performance up to 1MHz. A custom-made bioimpedance measuring device is also presented which incorporates the second current driver that has been tested in both in-vitro and ex-vivo experiments (using post-operative human colon cancer specimens). Experimental results verify a stable and reliable operation of the circuit up to 1MHz. Finally a third current driver, using a standard 0.35 µm HV CMOS technology, is presented (its silicon implementation is a future plan) which aims to improve upon certain performance limitations of the previous designs. Simulated results demonstrate an input/output phase (~2.08º) at 1MHz (better than any reported CMOS current driver), and an output impedance of 1MΩ at 1MHz. The current driver employs a fully automated continuous time common mode feedback (CMFB) loop to accurately set the output DC levels which has not yet been implemented on any existing CMOS design.
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Hutchens, Chris. "An integrated design strategy for a range of industrial electronic pressure instrumentation". Thesis, University of South Wales, 1999. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/an-integrated-design-strategy-for-a-range-of-industrial-electronic-pressure-instrumentation(604926cd-cf70-4281-afea-f64b05ab8161).html.
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This portfolio details the design, construction and testing of three high accuracy digital pressure indicators. A discussion of old and contemporary pressure measurement technologies is included, as well as a comprehensive market survey of electronic pressure measurement instruments currently available. An integrated design strategy is adopted for the three separate digital pressure instruments, namely a battery - powered stand alone unit, a retransmitting version and an intrinsically safe version of the battery powered unit. Their implementation takes into account many design issues including ease of manufacturing, low power circuit design and electromagnetic compatibility. Novel features available upon all three instruments resulting from the design strategy adopted are high accuracy measurements, typically ±0.2% of full scale, a battery life of over 12 months, push button zeroing and linearisation, electromagnetic compliance with minimum design changes and an intrinsically safe power supply design that may be used not only in the instrument for which it was designed but for future instruments. Individual design issues with respect to each instrument are in the three project sections which complete this portfolio.
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Al-Wakeel, Ali. "Integrated load and state estimation using domestic smart meter measurements". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/93907/.
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The UK Government is promoting the decarbonisation of the power sector. The electrification of transport and heating, installation of distributed generators, development of smart grids and creation of an electricity and gas smart metering system are in progress. Higher penetrations of distributed generation and low carbon loads may lead to operational difficulties in distribution networks. Therefore, increased real-time monitoring and control becomes a necessary requirement. Distribution network operators will have available to them smart meter measurements to facilitate safe and cost-effective operation of distribution networks. This thesis investigates the application of smart meter measurements to extend the observability of distribution networks. Three main aspects were covered in this work: 1. The development of a cluster analysis algorithm to extract consumption patterns from smart meter measurements. The The k-means based cluster analysis algorithm was demonstrated on measurements that were obtained from the Irish Smart Metering Trials. Daily and segmented load profiles of individual and aggregated domestic smart meters were clustered. 2. The development of a load estimation method to estimate missing and future measurements of smart meters. The load estimation algorithm uses the outputs of the clustering algorithm; and investigates the application of different distance functions to estimate any lost measurements. Different durations of lost measurements were simulated to assess the accuracy of the estimated load. 3. The development of an integrated load and state estimation algorithm to extend the observability of distribution networks. The developed load estimator provides pseudo measurements to an Iteratively Re-Weighted Least Squares (IRWLS) state estimator. The capability of the IRWLS state estimator was investigated using measurements from a low voltage microgrid. The IEEE 33 bus medium voltage distribution network was used to assess the performance of the integrated load and state estimation algorithm. The developed load and state estimator was capable of estimating the voltage magnitude and phase angle, at each busbar of the distribution network, with high accuracy. For one hour of missing measurements, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of the estimated voltage magnitude was less than 0.03%. For 24 hours of missing measurements, the estimated voltage magnitudes had a MAPE that was less than 0.5%.
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BERG-LUNDFELDT, EMIL. "Field Measurements and Modelling Analysis of Integrated Ice Rink Energy Systems". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280370.
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Behrn Arena in Örebro, Sweden, is an ice rink facility where the company is interested in ways of improving their current energy system in terms of energy efficiency. Currently, district cooling is purchased to reclaim the waste heat from the ice rink refrigeration system, which is further used as a heat source for local district heating distributor. In return, the cost of district heating is reduced. A techno-economic analysis was conducted where the current refrigeration and heating system in Behrn Arena was compared to three different scenarios. These were defined as the current refrigeration system with improved performance, the most common ice rink heating and refrigeration system in Sweden, and an ice rink with a trans-critical CO2-refrigeration system with heat recovery. Furthermore, alternatives to how the reclaimed heat may be utilized were investigated from an economic point of view. This included using the heat internally in the facility or selling the heat to a district heating distributor. From this study it was concluded that the current refrigeration system using district cooling as a heat sink, with the cost reductions, had a lower cost of operation relative to the typical ice rink in Sweden. Furthermore, a CO2-refrigeration system running in trans-critical operating conditions with two-stage heat recovery has potential of reducing the seasonal cost of energy of the current system with regards to heating and cooling by approximately 50 %. At the same time the heating demand coverage will be up to 89.5 %. Finally, selling heat to a district heating distributor proved to be unfavourable from a prosumer perspective if the waste heat could be utilised internally by the facility.Behrn Arena i Örebro är en isrinkanläggning där intresse från fastighetsägaren finns för att förbättra det nuvarande energisystemet för ökad energieffektivitet. Det nuvarande systemet återvinner spillvärmen från kylaggregaten via det lokala fjärrkylanätet genom att anläggningen köper fjärrkyla. Spillvärmen används sedan som värmekälla för en värmepump som vidare distribuerar fjärrvärme. Ersättningen för att köpa fjärrkylan är en prissänkning av vad fastighetsägaren betalar för fjärrvärme. En teknoekonomisk analys genomfördes med syfte att jämföra det nuvarande kyloch värmesystemet med tre olika scenarier. Dessa definierades som en mer energieffektiv version av det nuvarande kylsystemet, det vanligaste kyl- och energisystemet för isrinkar i Sverige samt ett system för transkritiskt CO2 och värmeåtervinning i två steg. Därtill undersöktes olika alternativ för hur spillvärmen kan användas, till exempel genom att använda den internt eller sälja den till en fjärrvärmesdistributör. Från denna studie framkom det att det nuvarande kylsystemet med fjärrkyla som värmesänka, inklusive kostnadsreduktionen av fjärrvärme, hade en lägre driftkostnad jämfört med den typiska isrinken i Sverige. Därutöver finns potential att reducera driftenergikostnaden av det nuvarande energisystemet med avseende på kyla och värme med cirka 50 % genom att nyttja ett kylsystem med värmeåtervinning i två steg och en transkritisk kylcykel med CO2. Samtidigt uppgår täckningen av värmebehovet till 89,5 %. Slutligen framkom det att sälja spillvärme till en fjärrvärmedistributör är ekonomiskt ofördelaktigt om det finns ett värmebehov inom fastigheten.
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Mester, Christian. "Development of high speed integrated circuit for very high resolution timing measurements". Bonn Physikalisches Inst, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1001231333/34.
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Song, Yang. "Analysis of integrated radar-gauge rainfall measurements for hydrological and meteorological applications". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752788.
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Ingraham, John. "Model automatic focusing system for linewidth measuring instruments /". Online version of thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11372.
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Kasturi, Vijay. "The influence of printed circuit board design on TEM cell measurements". Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri-Rolla, 2007. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Kasturi_09007dcc8048d628.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 2007.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed March 24, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-106).
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Mateu, Royo Carlos. "Field Measurements and Modelling Analysis of CO2 Refrigeration Systems with Integrated Geothermal Storage". Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-212549.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of CO2 trans-critical booster refrigeration system integrated with geothermal storage to provide the cooling and the heating demands with high energy efficiency. During summer season, heat is rejected from the CO2 refrigeration system, increasing the amount of sub-cooling and storing this heat into the ground. During winter season, the heat stored in the ground is extracted and used as heat source to provide the heating requirements of the supermarket. Using field measurements data from medium size supermarkets in Sweden, existing solutions for integrated geothermal storage in a CO2 refrigeration system as well as proposal solution are modelled and compared with stand-alone CO2 trans-critical booster system. The techno-economical comparative analysis shows that hybrid CO2 trans-critical booster system with GSHP as an integrated geothermal solution has 6% lower annual energy use than a stand-alone CO2 system with heat recovery solution for refrigeration and heating in North of Europe. In addition to the computer simulations, field measurements monitoring of ten medium size supermarkets with integrated geothermal storage have been studied. Measurement system proposal guide is done to fulfill a proper energy analysis of the supermarket installation with the integrated solution. Evaluation of the missing measurements is done for the available supermarkets. One important conclusion of this part is that none of the supermarkets analyzed has enough measurement to realize a proper and comprehensive energy analysis.ISBN: 978-91-7729-513-6
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Meda, Venkatesh. "Integrated dual frequency permittivity analyzer using cavity perturbation concept". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38236.
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Optimal utilization of microwave energy requires more basic knowledge of the dielectric properties of the material under investigation. The dielectric properties of materials subjected to microwaves are known to depend on moisture content, temperature and density of the material as well as the frequency of the applied microwave field. This thesis is focussed on the development and evaluation of the new Permittivity Analyser to measure the dielectric properties of agri-food materials at 915 and 2450 MHz using cavity perturbation concept.In this study, the dielectric properties measuring system was designed and developed using cavity perturbation concept to measure the essential and fundamental parameters of microwave-material interaction; dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor of selected agri-food substances and organic solvents. The TM010 mode of electromagnetic energy was selected and configured to operate at the peakresonant condition for both ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) approved frequencies of .915 and 2450 MHz frequencies. The resonant perturbation cavities were designed, fabricated and tested using the network analyser and the permittivity analyser. High Q (ratio of energy supplied to absorbed) values were reported for both frequencies. Basic calibration of the measurement system was performed using standard media such as air, water and alcohol. Necessary mathematical steps and algorithms were written and integrated into a user-friendly software program (Visual basic 6.0) to carry out the entire measurement.
The dielectric properties (epsilon' & epsilon ″) of materials such as; edible oils---canola, soya and sunflower oils, neem oil/pulp, homogenized milk (1, 2 and 3.25% fat), organic solvents such as ethanol, hexane and their mixtures were determined at various temperatures and frequency (915, 2450 MHz) combinations, using cavity perturbation technique. Linear relationships between the dielectric properties and temperature found in the literature were confirmed to be valid for certain ranges in case of edible oils, organic solvents and milk samples tested with the cavity perturbation method. Repeatibility and variability aspects of the permittivity analyzer at both the frequencies are presented.
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Ala-aho, P. (Pertti). "Groundwater-surface water interactions in esker aquifers:from field measurements to fully integrated numerical modelling". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526206585.
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Abstract Water resources management calls for methods to simultaneously manage groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) systems. These have traditionally been considered separate units of the hydrological cycle, which has led to oversimplification of exchange processes at the GW-SW interface. This thesis studied GW hydrology and the previously unrecognised connection of the Rokua esker aquifer with lakes and streams in the area, with the aim of identifying reasons for lake water level variability and eutrophication in the Rokua esker. GW-SW interactions in the aquifer were first studied with field methods. Seepage meter measurements showed substantial spatial variability in GW-lake interaction, whereas transient variability was more modest, although present and related to the surrounding aquifer. Environmental tracers suggested that water exchange occurs in all lakes in the area, but is of varying magnitude in different lakes. Finally, GW-SW interaction was studied in peatland catchments, where drainage channels in the peat soil presumably increased groundwater outflow from the aquifer. Amount and rate of GW recharge were then estimated with a simulation approach developed explicitly to account for the physical characteristics of the Rokua esker aquifer. This produced a spatially and temporally distributed recharge estimate, which was validated by independent field techniques. The results highlighted the impact of canopy characteristics, and thereby forestry management, on GW recharge. The data collected and the new understanding of site hydrology obtained were refined into a fully integrated surface-subsurface flow model of the Rokua aquifer. Simulation results compared favourably to field observations of GW, lake levels and stream discharge. A major finding was of good agreement between simulated and observed GW inflow to lakes in terms of discharge locations and total influx. This thesis demonstrates the importance of using multiple methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of esker aquifer hydrology with interconnected lakes and streams. Importantly, site-specific information on the reasons for water table variability and the trophic status of Rokua lakes, which is causing local concern, is provided. As the main outcome, various field and modelling methods were tested, refined and shown to be suitable for integrated GW and SW resource management in esker aquifersTiivistelmä Vesivarojen hallinnassa tarvitaan menetelmiä pohja- ja pintaveden kokonaisvaltaiseen huomioimiseen. Pohja- ja pintavesiä tarkastellaan usein erillisinä osina hydrologista kiertoa, mikä on johtanut niiden välisten virtausprosessien yksinkertaistamiseen. Tässä työssä selvitettiin Rokuan pohjavesiesiintymän hydrologiaa ja hydraulista yhteyttä alueella oleviin järviin ja puroihin. Tutkimuksessa pyrittiin osaltaan selvittämään syitä harjualueen järvien pinnanvaihteluun ja veden laatuongelmiin. Kenttätutkimuksissa todettiin voimakasta alueellista vaihtelua järven ja pohjaveden vuorovaikutuksessa. Pohjaveden suotautumisen ajallinen vaihtelu puolestaan oli vähäisempää, mutta havaittavissa, ja kytköksissä järveä ympäröivän pohjavesipinnan vaihteluihin. Merkkiaineet vesinäytteistä viittasivat vastaavan vuorovaikutuksen olevan läsnä myös muissa alueen järvissä, mutta suotautuvan pohjaveden määrän vaihtelevan järvittäin. Turvemailla tehdyt mittaukset osoittivat pohjaveden purkautuvan ojaverkostoon ja ojituksen mahdollisesti lisäävän ulosvirtaamaa pohjavesiesiintymästä. Pohjaveden muodostumismäärää ja -nopeutta tutkittiin numeerisella mallinnuksella, joka kehitettiin huomioimaan harjualueelle ominaiset fysikaaliset tekijät. Mallinnus tuotti arvion ajallisesti ja alueellisesti vaihtelevasta pohjaveden muodostumisesta, joka varmennettiin kenttämittauksilla. Tuloksissa korostui kasvillisuuden, ja sitä kautta metsähakkuiden, vaikutus pohjaveden muodostumismääriin. Hydrologiasta kerätyn aineiston ja kehittyneen prosessiymmärryksen avulla Rokuan harjualueesta muodostettiin täysin integroitu numeerinen pohjavesi-pintavesi virtausmalli. Mallinnustulokset vastasivat mittauksia pohjaveden ja järvien pinnantasoista sekä purovirtaamista. Työn merkittävin tulos oli, että mallinnetut pohjaveden purkautumiskohdat ja purkautumismäärät alueen järviin vastasivat kenttähavaintoja. Tämä työ havainnollisti, että ymmärtääkseen pohjaveden ja siitä riippuvaisten järvien ja purojen vuorovaikutusta harjualueella on käytettävä monipuolisia tutkimusmenetelmiä. Työ toi lisätietoa Rokuan harjualueen vesiongelmien syihin selittäen järvien vedenpinnan vaihtelua ja vedenlaatua pohjavesihydrologialla. Väitöstyön tärkein anti oli erilaisten kenttä- ja mallinnus-menetelmien soveltaminen, kehittäminen ja hyödylliseksi havaitseminen harjualueiden kokonaisvaltaisessa pinta- ja pohjavesien hallinnassa
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Zanetti, Matteo. "Integrated Measurements of Stress, Motion Capture and Environmental Parameters for Ambient Assisted Living Scenarios". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368325.
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Chronic diseases and their consequent impairment of the cognitive and motor functions are becoming considerable problems for modern societies that are undergoing rapid demographic changes. Advanced technologies are supposed to be determinant to enable new services and provide assistive devices for patient home care. However, the real-life applicability of these technologies needs to be proved in real settings and their efficacy needs to be tested as regards the environment and patient.
In this context, accurate measurement of stress and effort (performed at any level, i.e., muscular, cardiovascular, or cerebral) combined with the subject behaviour (motion of the subject while interacting with the assistive device) and the environment status is determinant for assessing the cost/benefit ratio of each specific assistive technology. The final goal of this project was the implementation of a multi-sensorial platform able to collect multivariate biological signals, motion capture, and environment-related interaction parameters and to elaborate them to provide physicians with a measurable indicator of the user point of view and performances achievable.
Operating in the context of integrated system physiology, evaluation of effort and adaptation to a task are assessed as whole on the entire body response thus providing a holistic estimation of potential improvement of life condition.
Part of the work presented in this thesis was developed inside the AUSILIA project financed by Provincia Autonoma di Trento and partially developed with the support of the IEEE Smart Cities Initiative - Student Grant Program.
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Zanetti, Matteo. "Integrated Measurements of Stress, Motion Capture and Environmental Parameters for Ambient Assisted Living Scenarios". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2019. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/3738/1/thesis.pdf.
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Chronic diseases and their consequent impairment of the cognitive and motor functions are becoming considerable problems for modern societies that are undergoing rapid demographic changes. Advanced technologies are supposed to be determinant to enable new services and provide assistive devices for patient home care. However, the real-life applicability of these technologies needs to be proved in real settings and their efficacy needs to be tested as regards the environment and patient.
In this context, accurate measurement of stress and effort (performed at any level, i.e., muscular, cardiovascular, or cerebral) combined with the subject behaviour (motion of the subject while interacting with the assistive device) and the environment status is determinant for assessing the cost/benefit ratio of each specific assistive technology. The final goal of this project was the implementation of a multi-sensorial platform able to collect multivariate biological signals, motion capture, and environment-related interaction parameters and to elaborate them to provide physicians with a measurable indicator of the user point of view and performances achievable.
Operating in the context of integrated system physiology, evaluation of effort and adaptation to a task are assessed as whole on the entire body response thus providing a holistic estimation of potential improvement of life condition.
Part of the work presented in this thesis was developed inside the AUSILIA project financed by Provincia Autonoma di Trento and partially developed with the support of the IEEE Smart Cities Initiative - Student Grant Program.
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Wang, Chen. "Renewable Energy Integrated Power System Stability Assessment with Validated System Model Based on PMU Measurements". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101015.
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Renewable energy is playing an increasingly significant role in power system operation and stability assessment with its numerous penetration expansion. This is not only brought by its uncertain power output and inverter-based equipment structures but also its operation characteristics like Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT). It is thus necessary to take these characteristics into consideration and further to find more adaptive schemes to implement them for more effective analysis and safer power system operation. All the aforementioned is based on the accurate identification of the system fundamental information. In this dissertation, a systematic approach is proposed to find the valid system model by estimating the transmission line parameters in the system with PMU measurements. The system transient stability assessment is conducted based on this validated model. The constrained stability region is estimated with Lyapunov functions family based method in the center of angles reference frame considering renewables LVRT as operation limits. In order to integrate the LVRT constraints, a polytopic inner approximation mechanism is introduced to linearize and organize the transformed constraints in state space, which brings much scalability to the whole process. From the voltage stability perspective, an approach to adaptively adjust LVRT settings of the renewable energy sources in the system is formulated to guarantee the system load margin and thus the voltage security. A voltage prediction method is introduced for critical renewable energy sources identification. Estimation methods based on interpolation and sensitivities are developed and conducted for saving computation effort brought by continuation power flows. Multiple test cases are studied utilizing the proposed approaches and results are demonstrated.Doctor of Philosophy
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Garimella, Sarvesh. "A vertically-integrated approach to climate science : from measurements and machine learning to models and policy". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107087.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Climate Physics and Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 125-136).
The role anthropogenic aerosol particles play in the formation and persistence of ice clouds remains one of the most uncertain aspects of understanding past, present, and future climate. Studying how these particles influence ice cloud formation requires careful measurement of their ice nucleating ability as well as robust uncertainty quantification of experimental results. These measurements and their corresponding uncertainties form the basis for parameterizations used in climate models to probe how anthropogenic particle emissions affect climate through ice cloud formation. This type of investigation can help to inform policy decisions about controls on anthropogenic particle emissions. This study aims to clarify the human role in the climate system by 1) developing instrumentation to perform ice nucleation measurements, 2) quantifying the uncertainty associated with these measurements using machine learning algorithms, 3) incorporating measurements and uncertainty quantification in climate model simulations, and 4) using the modeled climate response to help inform policy decisions for anthropogenic particle emissions.
by Sarvesh Garimella.
Ph. D. in Climate Physics and Chemistry
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Zhang, Zhiming. "An Integrated System for Road Condition and Weigh-in-Motion Measurements using In-Pavement Strain Sensors". Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25819.
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The United States has the world?s largest road network with over 4.1 million miles of roads supporting more than 260 million of registered automobiles including around 11 million of heavy trucks. Such a large road network challenges the road and traffic management systems such as condition assessment and traffic monitoring. To assess the road conditions and track the traffic, currently, multiple facilities are required simultaneously. For instance, vehicle-based image techniques are available for pavements? mechanical behavior detection such as cracks, high-speed vehicle-based profilers are used upon request for the road ride quality evaluation, and inductive loops or strain sensors are deployed inside pavements for traffic data collection. Having multiple facilities and systems for the road conditions and traffic information monitoring raises the cost for the assessment and complicates the process. In this study, an integrated system is developed to simultaneously monitor the road condition and traffic using in-pavement strain-based sensors, which will phenomenally simplify the road condition and traffic monitoring. To accomplish such a superior system, this dissertation designs an innovative integrated sensing system, installs the integrated system in Minnesota's Cold Weather Road Research Facility (MnROAD), monitors the early health conditions of the pavements and ride quality evaluation, investigates algorithms by using the developed system for traffic data collection especially weigh-in-motion measurements, and optimizes the system through optimal system design. The developed integrated system is promising to use one system for multiple purposes, which gains a considerable efficiency increase as well as a potential significant cost reduction for intelligent transportation system.USDOT (U.S. Department of Transportation)
MPC (Mountain-Plains Consortium)
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Mester, Christian [Verfasser]. "Development of high speed integrated circuit for very high resolution timing measurements / von Christian Mester. Universität Bonn, Physikalisches Institut". Bonn : Physikalisches Inst, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1001231333/34.
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Liu, Xi. "Experimental and theoretical assessment of Through-Silicon Vias for 3D integrated microelectronic packages". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50249.
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With continued push toward 3D integrated packaging, Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) play an increasingly important role in interconnecting stacked silicon dies. Although progress is being made in the fabrication of TSVs, experimental and theoretical assessment of their thermomechanical reliability is still in infancy. This work explores the thermomechanical reliability of TSVs through numerical models and innovative experimental characterization techniques. Starting with free-standing wafers, this work examines failure mechanisms such as Si and SiO₂ cohesive cracking as well as SiO₂/Cu interfacial cracking. Such cohesive crack propagation and interfacial crack propagation are studied using fracture mechanics finite-element modeling, and the energy available for crack propagation is determined through crack extension using the proposed centered finite-difference approach (CFDA). In parallel to the simulations, silicon wafers with TSVs are designed and fabricated and subjected to thermal shock test. Cross-sectional SEM failure analysis is carried out to study cohesive and interfacial crack initiation and propagation under thermal excursions. In addition, local micro-strain fields under thermal excursions are mapped through synchrotron X-ray diffraction. To understand the 3D to 2D strain measurement data projection process, a new data interpretation method based on beam intensity averaging is proposed and validated with measurements. Building upon the work on free-standing wafers, this research studies the package assembly issues and failure mechanisms in multi-die stacks. Comprehensive design-of-simulations study is carried out to assess the effect of various material and geometry parameters on the reliability of 3D microelectronic packages. Through experimentally-measured strain fields, thermal cycling tests, and simulations, design guidelines are developed to enhance the thermomechanical reliability of TSVs used in future 3D microelectronic packages.
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Neumann, Hendrikje Marie [Verfasser]. "Prototyping of a Surface-integrated Mechano-optical Microsensor System for 3D Traction Force Measurements by DHM/DIC / Hendrikje Marie Neumann". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1197612440/34.
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Neitsch, Marie. "Laser-endoskopische Vermessung der oberen Atemwege mit einem Multipoint-Laser-Endoskop". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-222459.
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Referat:
Starre und flexible Endoskopien gehören heutzutage zu den Standarduntersuchungen in der HNO-Heilkunde. Mit der Weiterentwicklung und vermehrten Anwendung von TLM (transoral surgery) und TORS (transoral robotic surgery), gewinnt die präoperative Vermessung von Befunden an Wichtigkeit. Trotz mehrerer wissenschaftlicher Studien konnte bisher noch keine befriedigende standardisierte Methode zur endoskopischen Vermessung der oberen Atemwege gefunden werden. Bisher ließen optische und technische Umstände eine objektive endoskopische Vermessung nicht zu. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, transorale Vermessungen mittels Multipoint-Laser-Endoskop auf Genauigkeit und Anwendbarkeit zu überprüfen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein Multipoint-Laser-Endoskop verwendet, das 49 Laserpunkte (Wellenlänge 639 nm, Leistung < 5 mW) in die optische Achse des Endoskopbildes projiziert. Durch die Erstellung eines 3D-Koordinatensystems können im Endoskopbild sowohl Strecken-, als auch Tiefen- und Flächenmessungen in Echtzeit vorgenommen werden. Nach einem Modellversuch erfolgten endoskopische Vermessungen an neun Leichenpräparaten im Bereich von Larynx und Trachea, die im Anschluss mit CT-Vermessungen verglichen wurden. Sieben der neun Leichenpräparate konnten für die Auswertung genutzt werden. Dabei ergab sich ein optimaler Messabstand von Endoskopspitze zu untersuchtem Objekt von 5-6 cm. Der durchschnittliche Messfehler lag bei 3.26 % ± 2.53 %. Der Vergleich mit den CT-Vermessungen ergab hervorragende Spearman-Korrelationskoeffizienten von 0.95 (p = 0.01) für die Larynxvermessung und 0.93 (p < 0.01) für die Trachealvermessung. Zusammenfassend lässt sich die Multipoint-Laser-Vermessung als eine vielversprechende Methode für den täglichen Einsatz in der diagnostischen und chirurgischen HNO einschätzen.
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Wu, Huijuan. "Integrated river sustainability assessment : case studies of the Yellow River and the Ganges". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:27804774-c7a3-4086-9746-349f54a65713.
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This thesis develops and validates a comprehensive methodology for measuring sustainability of a large river basin by using a tailored indicator set. The concept of river sustainability concerns not only the ecological condition of the river course, but also socioeconomic activities in the river basin. River sustainability is defined from five perspectives: sufficient resource, resilience to water-related risks, access to water supply and other services, productive use of water, and fairness between different users and generations. The Process Analysis Method (PAM) is employed as the guideline for developing sustainability assessment framework. As a participatory approach, PAM engages stakeholders to identify emerging issues and impacts on sustainability. Through a systematic process, a tailored indicator set is selected and categorized under three domains, namely, environmental performance, social wellbeing, and economic development. Two case studies have been undertaken, examining the underlying sustainability of the Lower Yellow River basin (LYR) and Upper Ganges River basin (UGR). Extensive fieldwork was carried out in China and India, in order to conduct stakeholder interviews and to collect multivariate data. 18 indicators are selected for LYR and 12 for UGR. The LYR assessment is conducted over the period from 1950 to 2010, whilst UGR features a 10-year period from 2001 to 2010. By processing raw hydrological data and socio-economic statistics, a normalized score is calculated for each indicator in a given year, the value ranging between 0 and 1, where 0 represents poor performance and 1 refers to a fully sustainable status. The results show that, although social wellbeing and economic status for LYR have progressively improved since 1950, environmental quality declined in the latter half of 20th century, with the lowest point in 1997 when extreme drought occurred. The Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC), the government authority responsible for the LYR, implemented measures to improve the river health by multifunctional infrastructure projects and water allocation regulation. This effort proved to be effective as the general sustainability performance subsequently improved. The UGR study also identifies the trade-off between environmental capital and socioeconomic capital. With vast expansion of hydropower projects and new settlement in flood-prone areas, communities along the UGR are increasingly vulnerable to extreme events. However, the Ganges river basin authority lacks the capacity for integrated planning which would enable projects like flood defence schemes to be undertaken in a proper framework. It is likely that the environmental performance of the UGR will continue to decline, particularly with increasing uncertainty in climate, as the UGR basin management is not improving resilience sufficiently. By performing this comparative analysis, it has been shown that integrated river basin management should incorporate institutional capacity, stakeholder engagement, resilience and transparency. This research also contributes to underpinning policies for Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM). The assessment provides policy-makers and river managers with a holistic view of the river basin; the framework can be used to track progress towards sustainable development and identify priorities for multi-criteria decision-making.
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Forbrich, Inke [Verfasser]. "Methane exchange of a boreal peatland - Integrated measurements and modelling on microform and ecosystem scale at the Salmisuo mire complex, Eastern Finland / Inke Forbrich". Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014334179/34.
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Hinedi, Mohamad Fahd 1964. "HIGH FREQUENCY DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF POLYIMIDES FOR MULTILAYER INTERCONNECT STRUCTURES". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276497.
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One of the most important electrical requirements in high performance electronic systems or high speed integrated circuits, is to process larger numbers of electrical signals at much higher speeds. Signal propagation delay must be minimized in order to maximize signal velocities. Therefore, material with low dielectric constant and low dissipation factor is being sought. In this thesis research measurements of dielectric constant and dissipation factor were performed on commercially available polyimides that are used in multilayer interconnect structures. Capacitor structures with a polyimide dielectric were measured up to a 1GHz frequency and 220°C temperature. Polyimides were concluded to be compatible for use in high performance systems such as multilayer interconnect structures.
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Li, Dong [Verfasser], Jakob [Akademischer Betreuer] Svensson, Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Breitschwerdt i Robert [Akademischer Betreuer] Wolf. "Gaussian process tomography for the analysis of line-integrated measurements in fusion plasmas / Dong Li. Gutachter: Dieter Breitschwerdt ; Robert Wolf ; Jakob Svensson. Betreuer: Jakob Svensson". Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1067387374/34.
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Sanvicente, Estibaliz. "Experimental investigation of thermal and fluid dynamical behavior of flows in open-ended channels : Application to Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BiPV) Systems". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961231.
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Among technologies capable to produce electricity locally without contributing to GHG releases, building integrated PV systems (BIPV) could be major contributor. However, when exposed to intense solar radiation, the temperature of PV modules increase significantly, leading to a reduction in efficiency so that only about 14% of the incident radiation is converted into electrical energy. The high temperature also decrease the life of the modules, thereby making passive cooling of the PV components through natural convection a desirable and cost-effective means of overcoming both difficulties. An experimental investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of natural convection of air in vertical and inclined open-ended heated channels is therefore undertaken so as provide reliable information for the design of BIPV. Two experimental set ups were developed and used during the present investigations; one located at the CETHIL laboratory in Lyon, the F-device and the other located at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, the R-device. Both channels consisted of two wide parallel plates each of which could be subjected to controlled uniform or non-uniform heat fluxes. The investigation has been conducted by analyzing the mean wall temperatures, measured by thermocouples and mean velocity profiles and turbulent quantity distributions of the flow, measured with a PIV system. Flow patterns close to the heated faces were also investigated. The study is particularly focused on the transition region from laminar to turbulent flow. Three different heating geometric arrangements are examined in the modified Rayleigh number range from 3.86 x 105 to 6.22 x 106. The first is a vertical channel with one wall uniformly heated while the other was unheated, the second was a vertical channel in which both walls were non-uniformly heated and the third is an inclined channel uniformly heated from above. In the vertical configurations the width-to-height channel aspect ratio was fixed at 1:15 and in the inclined ones at 1:16. It is shown that the flow is very sensitivity to disturbances emanating from the ambient conditions. Moreover, the propagation of vortical structures and unsteadiness in the flow channel which are necessary to enhance heat transfer, occurred downstream of the mid-channel section at Ra* = 3.5 x 106 for uniformly and asymmetrically heated channels inclined between 60° and 90° to the horizontal. Indeed, these unsteady flow phenomena appears upstream the location of the inflexion point observed in the temperature excess distribution of the heated wall. In the case of non-uniform heating on both sides of the channel, a stronger 'disruption mechanism' exists, which leads to enhanced mixing and increased Reynolds stresses over most of the width of the channel. Empirical correlations of average Nusselt number as a function of modified Rayleigh number were obtained for each configuration.
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Kim, Myeongsub. "Microscale optical thermometry techniques for measuring liquid phase and wall surface temperatures". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43754.
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Thermal management challenges for microelectronics are a major issue for future integrated circuits, thanks to the continued exponential growth in component density described by Moore¡¯s Law. Current projections from the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors predict that local heat fluxes will exceed 1 kW/cm2 within a decade. There is thus an urgent need to develop new compact, high heat flux forced-liquid and evaporative cooling technologies.
Thermometry techniques that can measure temperature fields with micron-scale resolution without disturbing the flow of coolant would be valuable in developing and evaluating new thermal management technologies. Specifically, the ability to estimate local convective heat transfer coefficients, which are proportional to the difference between the bulk coolant and wall surface temperatures, would be useful in developing computationally efficient reduced-order models of thermal transport in microscale heat exchangers.
The objective of this doctoral thesis is therefore to develop and evaluate non-intrusive optical thermometry techniques to measure wall surface and bulk liquid temperatures with O(1-10 micronmeter) spatial resolution. Intensity-based fluorescence thermometry (FT), where the temperature distribution of an aqueous fluorescent dye solution is estimated from variations in the fluorescent emission intensity, was used to measure temperatures in steady Poiseuille flow at Reynolds numbers less than 10. The flow was driven through 1 mm square channels heated on one side to create temperature gradients exceeding 8 ¡ÆC/mm along both dimensions of the channel cross-section. In the evanescent-wave fluorescence thermometry (EFT) experiments, a solution of fluorescein was illuminated by evanescent waves to estimate the solution temperature within about 300 nm of the wall. In the dual-tracer FT (DFT) studies, a solution of two fluorophores with opposite temperature sensitivities was volumetrically illuminated over most of the `cross-section of the channel to determine solution temperatures in the bulk flow. The accuracy of both types of FT is determined by comparing the temperature data with numerical predictions obtained with commercial computational fluid dynamics software. The results indicate that EFT can measure wall surface temperatures with an average accuracy of about 0.3 ¡ÆC at a spatial resolution of 10 micronmeter, and that DFT can measure bulk water temperature fields with an average accuracy of about 0.3 ¡ÆC at a spatial resolution of 50 micronmeter in the image plane. The results also suggest that the spatial resolution of the DFT data along the optical axis (i.e., normal to the image plane) is at least an order of magnitude greater than the depth of focus of the imaging system.
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Krylov, Vladyslav. "Versatile low-energy electron source at the PHIL accelerator to characterise Micromegas with integrated Timepix CMOS readout and study dE/dx for low energy electrons". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS169/document.
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Dans le cadre de cette thèse, la conception, la construction et la mise en service de la plateforme de test LEETECH ont été réalisées. La performance de LEETECH, y compris le mode de fonctionnement à faible multiplicité a été démontrée. En fournissant des paquets d’électrons avec une énergie ajustable jusqu’à 3.5 MeV, une multiplicité ajustable à partir d’électrons simples et une durée des paquets jusqu’à 20ps, LEETECH prend sa place entre les faisceaux tests de hautes énergies et de coûts élevés d’un part et l’utilisation de sources radioactifs d’autre part. Dans la région, qui correspond à la particule d’ionisation minimale, la plateforme offre aux détecteurs de traces les conditions similaires aux celles de faisceaux des hautes énergies. Le mode de fonctionnement à faible multiplicité a été étudié en utilisant un détecteur diamant de grande surface. En plus une capacité d’un capteur diamant de résoudre des paquets à faible nombre des particules a été démontrée. Dans le cadre du développement de la chambre à projection temporelle (TPC) pour le projet ILC, une session de test a été dédiée à un détecteur Micromegas/InGrid de large surface. Pour la première fois les pertes d’énergie par un électron dans un mélange de gaz basée sur Helium ont été mesurées pour une énergie de quelques MeV. La résolution en dE/dx et un algorithme pour la reconstruction de traces ont été développés. Une caractérisation préliminaire du quartz barre lu par MCPPMT – un candidat pour le détecteur temps-de- vol (TOF) avec la mission de l’identification des hadrons chargés dans le futur usine tau-charm HIEPA – a été accomplie. La résolution temporelle de 50 ps obtenue pour le détecteur étudié met cette technologie prometteuse pour les études plus approfondiesWithin the present thesis the design, construction and commissioning of a new test beam facility LEETECH have been performed. Performance of the new facility, including low-multiplicity operation mode has been demonstrated. A number of interesting detector tests, including large-area diamond, Micromegas/InGrid and quartz bar detectors have been performed. Development of new detector technologies for future high-energy physics collider experiments calls for selection of versatile test beam facilities, permitting to choose or adjust beam parameters such as particles type, energy and beam intensity, are irreplaceable in characterization and tests of developed instruments. Major applications comprise generic detector R&D, conceptual design and choice of detector technologies, technical design, prototypes and full-scale detector construction and tests, detector calibration and commissioning. A new test beam facility LEETECH (Low Energy Electron TECHnique) was designed, constructed and commissioned in LAL (Orsay) as an extension of existing PHIL accelerator. Providing electron bunches of adjustable energy (up to 3.5 MeV), intensity (starting from a few particles per bunch) and bunch time duration (down to 20 ps), LEETECH fills the gap between high-cost high-energy test beam facilities and use of radioactive sources. Covering a minimum-ionization particles region (electrons of energy above 1.6 MeV), LEETECH provides for tracking detectors similar conditions as high-energy facilities. Using LEETECH as an electron source, several types of detectors were investigated in order to study their performance or applications, also providing a characterization of the LEETECH performance. First studies of the LEETECH facility were performed with a plastic scintillator coupled to the Micro-channel plate photomultiplier. A low-multiplicity mode was investigated using the diamond sensor, at the same time demonstrating its ability to resolve bunches consisting of a few particles. In framework of Time Projection Chamber development for the ILC project, a session dedicated to a large-area Micromegas/InGrid module was performed. For the first time the electron energy losses in Helium-based gas mixtures were measured for the energies of few MeV. The dE/dx resolution was obtained and track reconstruction algorithm was developed. Being a candidate for the time-of- flight detector of the BESIII upgrade and future HIEPA tau-charm factories, a preliminary characterization of the quartz bar performed. The time resolution of the detector module of 50 ps was obtained, giving a promising results for the further detector studies
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Oulmane, Mourad. "Integrated solutions for timing jitter measurement". Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104524.
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In this thesis we present two integrated solutions suitable for measuring the timing jitter of digital signals in SoCs and data acquisition systems (mainly sampling ADCs). The presented methods are also suitable for time measurement in a variety of timing-based metrological applications. The first method is based on the amplification of the time difference to be measured using a time amplifier (TAMP). The result of the amplification is subsequently digitized using a low resolution time-to-digital converter (TDC). The amplifier is based on the principle of virtual charge sharing that allows for continuous, monotonic and symmetric time transfer characteristics. Given its analog nature, the time amplifier has linearity issues in addition to being prone to temperature and process variations and uncertainties. To address these problems, a measurement and calibration method that consists of a dual TAMP arrangement is used to deduce the measured timing quantities without a priori knowledge of the gain of the amplifiers. Also, an empirical and more direct calibration technique suitable for a single-amplifier-based measurement system is presented. In this thesis we implement an amplifier with a measured gain of 228 s/s feeding a TDC of 78 ps of resolution resulting in a timing measurement system of 342.1 fs of nominal resolution.The second method consist of an ADC-based jitter measurement technique in which the jittery signal assumes the role of sampling clock. The novelty in this technique is that it supports arbitrary analog inputs to the ADC as measurement vehicle. The proposed measurement system comprises, in addition to the sampling ADC, an independent back-end digital system to extract jitter timing information. A very important feature of such a digital system is that the jitter-induced magnitude error in each output sample of the ADC is first measured before extracting its associated timing information. Jitter characteristics of the sampling clock are extracted with high accuracy. Indeed, as demonstrated in this thesis, even for an input signal to the ADC with a bandwidth as small as 4.61 MHz, the jitter distribution of a 12.5 MHz sampling clock is extracted with an accuracy of about 3.25 ps.Dans cette thèse, nous présentons deux solutions intégrées pour mesurer les fluctuations dans le timing des signaux numériques, communément appelé “jitter”, et ce dans les systèmes sur puce et les systèmes d'acquisition de données (principalement les CANs). Ces techniques sont aussi employables dans toutes autres applications métrologiques dont le principe de fonctionnement est basé sur la mesure du temps.La première méthode est basée sur l'amplification de la différence de temps à mesurer à l'aide d'un amplificateur de temps (TAMP). Le résultat de l'amplification est ensuite numérisé en utilisant un convertisseur temps-numérique. La conception de l'amplificateur est basé sur le principe de partage virtuel de charge qui permet une courbe de transfert de temps continue, monotone et symétrique. Compte tenu de sa nature analogique, l'amplificateur est limité en termes de linéarité en plus d'être sensible aux variations de température et de processus. Pour résoudre ce problème, une méthode de mesure et d'étalonnage qui consiste en une configuration double-TAMP est utilisée pour déduire les quantités mesurées sans connaissance préalable du gain des amplificateurs utilisés. Aussi, nous présentons une technique empirique pour calibrer un système de mesure comprenant un seul amplificateur. Dans cette thèse, nous implémentons un amplificateur avec un gain mesuré de 228 s/s alimentant un convertisseur temps-numérique de 78 ps de résolution. Effectivement, ceci résulte en un système de mesure de temps d'une résolution nominale de 342,1 fs.La seconde méthode pour mesurer le jitter consiste en une technique de mesure basée sur un CAN à échantillonnage ou le signal dont le jitter est à mesurer assume le rôle d'horloge. La particularité fondamentale de cette technique est qu'elle admet des signaux analogiques arbitraires à l'entrée du CAN. Le système de mesure proposé comprend, en plus du CAN, un bloc digital entièrement indépendant du CAN pour extraire l'erreur de timing associée à chaque échantillon à la sortie du CAN. Une caractéristique très importante de ce bloc est qu'il calcule d'abords l'erreur dans le code de chaque échantillon à la sortie du CAN induite par le jitter avant d'en déduire l'erreur de timing. Dans cette étude, les caractéristiques du jitter de l'horloge d'échantillonnage sont extraites avec une grande précision. Expérimentalement parlant, même pour une bande d'entrée aussi basse que 4,61 MHz, la distribution du jitter d'une horloge d'échantillonnage de 12,5 MHz est extraite avec une précision de l'ordre de 3.25 ps.
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Siddiqui, Mahboob-ul-Haq. "Performance measurement methodology for integrated services networks". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1989. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/15430.
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With the emergence of advanced integrated services networks, the need for effective performance analysis techniques has become extremely important. Further advancements in these networks can only be possible if the practical performance issues of the existing networks are clearly understood. This thesis is concerned with the design and development of a measurement system which has been implemented on a large experimental network. The measurement system is based on dedicated traffic generators which have been designed and implemented on the Project Unison network. The Unison project is a multisite networking experiment for conducting research into the interconnection and interworking of local area network based multi-media application systems. The traffic generators were first developed for the Cambridge Ring based Unison network. Once their usefulness and effectiveness was proven, high performance traffic generators using transputer technology were built for the Cambridge Fast Ring based Unison network. The measurement system is capable of measuring the conventional performance parameters such as throughput and packet delay, and is able to characterise the operational performance of network bridging components under various loading conditions. In particular, the measurement system has been used in a 'measure and tune' fashion in order to improve the performance of a complex bridging device. Accurate measurement of packet delay in wide area networks is a recognised problem. The problem is associated with the synchronisation of the clocks between the distant machines. A chronological timestamping technique has been introduced in which the clocks are synchronised using a broadcast synchronisation technique. Rugby time clock receivers have been interfaced to each generator for the purpose of synchronisation. In order to design network applications, an accurate knowledge of the expected network performance under different loading conditions is essential. Using the measurement system, this has been achieved by examining the network characteristics at the network/user interface. Also, the generators are capable of emulating a variety of application traffic which can be injected into the network along with the traffic from real applications, thus enabling user oriented performance parameters to be evaluated in a mixed traffic environment. A number of performance measurement experiments have been conducted using the measurement system. Experimental results obtained from the Unison network serve to emphasise the power and effectiveness of the measurement methodology.
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MacDougall, James Clark. "Performance contracts and quality management : an integrated view". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2148.
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There are many views about the meaning and importance of performance measurement of employees and of organizations. This thesis is concerned with many of these views but is most concerned with performance contracts and quality management and the relationship between them. The whole concept of the measurement of performance is sometimes questioned and in some cases regarded as being both subjective and futile. Van de Ven and Ferry (1980) argued that: "Whether the difficulties associated with assessing the performance of complex organizations can be met by a single set of measurement instruments and process guidelines has still to be proven." Glover and Kelly (1987) contended that measuring the performance of individual jobs can also be difficult: "Performance is hard or impossible to measure with many jobs and occupations, think for example of the differences between the work of architects, surgical appliance fitters, design engineers, criminals, politicians, street traders and musicians. There is often a conflict between volume and quantity of output in the long-term and the short-term such as when profits come before investment and vice-versa." Similarly, Van De Yen and Morgan (1980) argued with regard to organizational performance that: "Performance is a complex construct that reflects the criteria and standards used by decision makers to assess the functioning of an organization. As this definition suggests, performance is a value judgement on the results desired from the organization at different levels of analysis--and--often change over time." However, the demand for measurement of performance, whether it comes from the first level of supervision or from a shareholders' meeting, does tend to mean that attempts be made to measure performance (Talley, 1991).
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Lucas, de Peslouan Pierre-Olivier. "Conception orientée délai : étude, développement et réalisation d’une boucle à verrouillage de phase large bande stabilisée par une boucle à verrouillage de délai". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14265/document.
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L’explosion du marché des télécommunications a donné lieu, lors de ces dernières années, à la multiplication des standards de radiocommunication. De nos jours, l’ensemble de ces moyens de communication utilisés pour le transfert de voix et de données doit être intégré dans les terminaux mobiles. Cependant, cette tendance s’oppose aux contraintes de faible coût qui tendent à diminuer la taille de l’électronique embarquée dans un terminal mobile, mais aussi aux contraintes de diminution de la consommation pour une plus grande autonomie des objets sans fils. C’est donc autour de ces verrous technologiques et techniques que se concentre une part importante des efforts de « R&D » aujourd’hui. Ainsi, l’objectif des travaux présentés repose sur la recherche et le développement d'une architecture contribuant à l’amélioration des performances du bloc central de la chaîne d’émission/réception : l'oscillateur local.L’architecture innovante de synthétiseur de fréquence multistandard réalisée est fondée sur le principe de « conception orientée délai » (DOD - Delay Oriented Design). Une nouvelle technique de stabilisation, issue de la superposition d’une boucle à verrouillage de délai et de phase, est proposée afin d’élargir la bande passante.De l’étude système à la mesure en passant par l’étude comportementale et la réalisation du circuit, les différentes étapes de conception de ce système fractionnaire sont présentées. Les simulations et les mesures ont démontré la capacité du synthétiseur à couvrir une bande comprise entre 1,6 et 3,5GHz avec un signal de référence à 500MHz, mais aussi à stabiliser une architecture très large bandeThe explosion of the wireless communication market is largely responsible of the expansion for RF communication standards for voice and data. Nowadays, each one of them must be integrated in one mobile terminal.However, this trend is opposed to the constraints of low cost, which tend to reduce the size of the electronics in a mobile terminal, but also the constraints of reduced consumption for greater autonomy for wireless systems. It is then around these technological and technical barriers that focus an important part of efforts to « R & D » today. Thus, the objective of the work presented is based on research and development of an architecture that contributes to improve the performances of the central block of transceivers: the local oscillator.The innovative architecture of multistandard synthesizer realized is based on the principle of Delay Oriented Design (DOD). A new technique of stabilization, based on the superposition of a delay and a phase locked loop, is proposed to expand the bandwidth. From study system to measurements through the behavioral comportment and implementation of the circuit, the various stages when designing an RF system are presented. Simulations and measurements have demonstrated the ability of the synthesizer to cover a frequency band between 1.6 and 3.5 GHz with a reference signal at 500MHz, but also to stabilize a broadband architecture
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Israel, Solomon. "An integrated performance measurement system for product development". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12793.
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Petrina, Denys E. "Performance measurement of a mini thermoacoustic refrigerator and associated drivers". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FPetrina.pdf.
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Akbari, Ali. "Waveguide integrated surface plasmon photodetector: Design, fabrication, and measurement". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28505.
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The thesis investigates the design, fabrication, and experimental demonstration of a photodetector integrated into a thin metal stripe waveguide of finite width, operating at optical infrared wavelengths. The metallic stripe, which is clad by lightly doped silicon at the bottom and air on the top, supports the propagation of bound optical modes having very high loss (∼ 1dB/mum) and submicron field confinement in the axis perpendicular to the stripe width. The metal/silicon interface also has electrically rectifying characteristics, formally described as a Schottky diode. The theoretical model for the electrical performance of the photodiode is combined with a numerical study of the optical modes supported by the waveguide, and used to present theoretical performance predictions. A few designs are fabricated on a silicon wafer and tested experimentally, with successful demonstration of photodetection. The device has promise for applications in short-range optical interconnects, integrated optics, and silicon based photonic circuits.
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Kimball, Christopher Robert. "Integrated temperature measurement and control in polymer microfluidic systems". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/270.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.Thesis research directed by: Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Starkauskienė, Viktorija. "Quality of life factors and its integrated measurement model". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20120118_085719-54173.
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Measuring quality of life is currently at the forefront of the various fields of science. In spite of a growing interest in the concept and measurement of quality of life, the issue remains difficult and unresolved. Scientific problem of this dissertation is formulated by the question: how to perform integrated measurement of quality of life in the country by identifying and classifying economic and other factors determining it. The aim of the research – to identify economic and other factors determining quality of life, to specify the concept of quality of life and to formulate a universal integrated model for measurement of quality of life. The main aim of the dissertation and objectives set in order to reach it are reflected in three parts of the dissertation.Gyvenimo kokybė ir jos vertinimas tampa vis aktualesnė ir labiau diskutuotina tema įvairiose mokslo kryptyse. Nepaisant šiuo metu didėjančio susidomėjimo gyvenimo kokybės koncepcija ir jos vertinimu, gyvenimo kokybės konceptualizavimas ir jos vertinimas lieka sudėtingas ir neišspręstas. Gyvenimo kokybė, kaip tarpdisciplininis, kompleksinis reiškinys, integruojantis platų mokslinių sričių ir empirinių tyrimų spektrą, akcentuojant ekonominį aspektą, analizuota nepakankamai. Disertacijoje keliama mokslinė problema: kaip kompleksiškai įvertinti gyvenimo kokybę šalyje, nustatant ir sugrupuojant ją lemiančius ekonominius ir kitus veiksnius. Darbe tikslinama gyvenimo kokybės samprata, identifikuojami gyvenimo kokybę lemiantys ekonominiai ir kiti veiksniai, atliekama egzistuojančių gyvenimo kokybės vertinimo matų analizė ir sudaromas universalus, kompleksinis gyvenimo kokybės vertinimo modelis.
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Mehta, Karan K. (Karan Kartik). "Integrated optical quantum manipulation and measurement of trapped ions". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108849.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [165]-183).
Individual atomic ions confined in designed electromagnetic potentials and manipulated via lasers are strong candidates as physical bases for quantum information processing (QIP). This is in large part due to their long coherence times, in distinguishability, and strong Coulomb interactions. Much work in recent years has utilized these properties to implement increasingly precise quantum operations essential for QIP, as well as to conduct increasingly sophisticated experiments on few-ion systems. Many questions remain however regarding how to implement the significant classical apparatus required to control and measure many ions (and indeed any physical qubit under study) in a scalable way that furthermore does not compromise qubit quality. This work draws on techniques in integrated optics to address this question. Planar-fabricated waveguides and gratings integrated with planar ion traps are demonstrated to allow optical addressing of individual 88Sr+ions 50 [mu]m above the chip surface with distraction-limited focused beams, with advantages in stability and scalability. Motivated by the requirement for low crosstalk in qubit addressing, we show also that intuitively designed devices can generate precisely tailored intensity profiles at the ion locations, with distraction-limited side lobe intensities characterized to the 5x10-6 level in relative intensity up to 25 [mu]m from the focus. Such devices can be implemented alongside complex systems in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes. We show in addition that the multiple patternable metal layers present in CMOS processes can be used to create complex planar ion traps with performance comparable to simple single-layer traps, and that CMOS silicon avalanche photodiodes may be employed for scalable quantum state readout. Finally we show initial results on integrated electro-optic modulators for visible light. These results open possibilities for experiments with trapped ions in the short term, and indicate routes to achieving large-scale systems of thousands or more ions in the future. Though ion qubits may seem isolated from scalable solid-state technologies, it appears this apparent isolation may uniquely allow a cooperation with complex planar-fabricated optical and electronic systems without introducing additional decoherence.
by Karan K. Mehta.
Ph. D.
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Mobasseri, Seyed Omid. "Developing a QFD-based design-integrated structural analysis methodology". Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7047.
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Design of the mechanical components greatly depends on their expected structural performances. In modern design applications these performances are quantified by computer-based analysis and occasionally confirmed by experimental measurements or theoretical calculations. The dependency of the mechanical product to the structural analysis process is more significant under the product’s multi-functionality aspect that requires analyses for a variety of Variable Input Parameters, to obtain various structural responses and against more than one failure or design criterion. Structural analysis is known as the expert field, which requires an upfront investment and facilitation to be implemented in commercial design environment. On the other hand, the product design process is a systematic and sequential activity that put the designer in the central role of decision making. Lack of mutual understanding between these two disciplines reduces the efficiency of the structural analysis for design. This research aims to develop an integrated methodology to embed the structural analysis in the design process. The proposed methodology in this research combines the benefits of state-of-the-art approaches, early simulation and Validation and Verification practice, towards the specified aim. Moreover the novelty of the proposed methodology is in creative implication of Quality Function Deployment method to include the product’s multi-functionality aspect. The QFD-Based Design Integrated Structural Analysis methodology produces a reliable platform to increase the efficiency of the structural analysis process for product design purpose. The application of this methodology is examined through an industrial case-study for the telescopic cantilever boom, as it appears in Access platforms, and Cranes products. Findings of the case-study create a reliable account for the structural performance in early stages of the design, and ensure the functionality of the proposed methodology.
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Friar, Robert James. "Analysis, design, and measurement of on-wafer transmission line test structures /". Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Sadanaga, Dean A. "Performance evaluation of integrated METOC measurement system supporting Naval Operations". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA374406.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1999."December 1999". Thesis advisor(s): Kenneth L. Davidson, Andreas K. Goroch. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80). Also available online.
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Uddin, Nasir [Verfasser]. "Integrated Active Sensors for Electromagnetic Near-Field Measurement / Nasir Uddin". Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1069046477/34.
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Yılmazer, Şafak Enes. "Integrated Coverage Measurement and Analysis System for Outdoor Coverage WLAN". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2185.
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Daily usage of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) in business life for specific purposes has became much more critical than before since it is sometimes crucial to have wireless connectivity and seamless roaming around the working environment. In this thesis, steps required in order to design and implement a large scale outdoor IEEE 802.11g WLAN will be shown. This WLAN project has been deployed in north of Sweden and target coverage was an open area consisting of a deep pit mine, connecting roads, workshops, offices, dumps and storage areas. All telecommunications equipment used in this project is from the manufacturer Cisco using centralized solution. The special purpose of this project is to collect and analyze a series of coverage measurement data and correlate this data to predict the coverage area. Linux bash scripting and Gnuplot has been used to analyze coverage data. Finally, WRAP spectrum management and radio planning software has been used in modeling and designing of the whole network.
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Huang, Kuang-Chung. "Development of an integrated manufacturing performance measurement and evaluation framework". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3964.
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With the end of the Cold War and the subsequent reduction in defence spending, the Taiwanese defence industry has encountered great difficulties. Recently, the Government announced that at the end of 2006, all military plants should move from the public sector to the private sector. The aim being not only to maintain a manufacturing capability sufficient to ensure the technical competence and resources necessary for an effective and timely response to a mobilisation but also to reduce government infrastructure costs. However, unless the military plants take more aggressive action to assess their management and manufacturing weaknesses effectively, their modernisation efforts will not succeed. This research is concerned with the development of a methodology for manufacturing performance measurement and evaluation to help Taiwanese military plants develop and maintain a competitive advantage. The basic concept of the proposed framework is based on the Balanced Scorecard concept. However, the structure and procedures have been further developed to reflect Taiwan's specific requirements. In particular, the proposed framework provides a structure and tools to tackle a number of key requirements, such as the need to provide both internal and external measures as a means of both qualitatively and quantitatively prioritising and evaluating manufacturing strategic concerns, and the need to show continuously where improvement needs to be made. Industrial case studies have shown that the proposed framework is both feasible and effective when applied within the particular environment of Taiwanese military plants. In addition the proposed framework has highlighted some theoretical and practical problems associated with the design and development of manufacturing performance measurement and evaluation framework. Due to its generic nature, through interviews with three UK companies, it was demonstrated that the proposed framework could also be applied to other societies and industries, either public or private, to solve their manufacturing performance measurement and evaluation problems.
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Mendibil, Telleria Kepa. "Designing effective team-based performance measurement systems : an integrated approach". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2003. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21546.
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The current trend in industry to move towards team-based organisational structures has resulted in an increased interest to seek innovative ways for managing team performance. In that sense, team performance measurement has been recognised as an effective management practice. This research departs from an industrial problem identified while working on a number of projects with industry - i. e. lack of understanding of how to design effective team-based performance measurement systems. The overall goal is to create a better understanding of the design of effective team-based performance measurement systems (TPMS). In particular, its aim is to gain new insights into (1) the process for designing effective TPMS and (2) the factors that enable and/or constrain the design of effective TPMS. An effective TPMS is defined here as a performance measurement system that enables the team to increase its contribution to the business and at the same time motivates and develops the team and its individuals. This study falls into the empirical and applied research category because it focuses on an industrial problem and provides a solution through continuous collaboration with industry. The following is the most significant contribution of this research: (1) A typology for TPMS design that describes the characteristics of a comprehensive process for designing TPMS. (2) The identification and description of ten factors that enable and/or constrain the development of effective TPMS. (3) A practical construct to enable industrial organisations to design effective TPMS. The quality of the research was ensured by defining the evaluation criteria and the specific research tactics early in the process. These criteria and tactics guided all the activities carried out during this study. This thesis will be of interest to managers, team leaders and indeed anyone who works in a team. Researchers working in the fields of performance measurement and team management will also benefit from this research.
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Böhm, Linus [Verfasser]. "Measurement techniques for highly integrated mm-wave antennas / Linus Böhm". Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1189084252/34.
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Kaswekar, Prashant [Verfasser]. "Integrated Motion Measurement of Three-Dimensional Lightweight Structures / Prashant Kaswekar". München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/113559614X/34.
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Hudson, Melanie. "Introducing integrated performance measurement into small and medium sized enterprises". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/400.
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The thesis extends current knowledge and understanding of integrated performance measurement (PM) development into the context of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The research builds on existing knowledge of integrated PM development approaches and identifies the context-specific factors which affect its introduction into SMEs. These are used to design, develop and validate a new, continuous improvement based approach for the development of integrated PM systems, which is specifically designed for use in SMEs. First, a conceptual model of criteria for integrated PM development is synthesised from the literature and the characteristics of SMEs are established. An evaluation of current approaches for the development of integrated PM is undertaken and an approach which conforms to the conceptual model is selected for an empirical study in a SME. Along with a set of interviews examining the state of PM in SMEs, this study identifies several factors which affect integrated PM introduction in this environment. These factors enhance the conceptual model and indicate the need for a more effective development approach for SMEs. Design theory is used to inform and structure the design of the new approach, which is developed and refined for practical use through a SME case study. Two further cases are carried out to validate the new approach, in which cross-case comparisons are made. The results indicate the validity of both the new approach and the enhanced conceptual model. The formulation of an enhanced conceptual model of integrated PM development, detailing the context specific criteria for effective in use in SMEs, together with the validation of a new, continuous improvement based, approach for integrated PM system development in SMEs that conforms to the conceptual model, represents a significant contribution to both theory and practice from this research.