Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Integral Energy (Firm)”
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Majid, Muhammad Faisal, Muhammad Meraj i Muhammad Shujaat Mubarik. "In the Pursuit of Environmental Sustainability: The Role of Environmental Accounting". Sustainability 14, nr 11 (26.05.2022): 6526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116526.
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This study aims to evaluate the mediating role of sustainability in the relationship between environmental-accounting (EA) disclosures and audit quality (AQ) and firm performance (FP) by using GDP and firm size as the controlled variables. Data were collected from the annual and sustainability reports of 80 manufacturing firms that were listed on the PSX during the last 10 years (2011–2020). STATA 13 software and a multiple-regression model were used. The findings that were deduced from the empirical results indicate that EA with sustainability has a significant negative effect on both proxies of the FP (ROA and ROE). By contrast, AQ with sustainability has an insignificant negative impact on firm performance. This research contributes to the scarce literature and compares the level of EA with sustainability reporting and its impact on the FP with the controlled variables GDP and firm size. This study also contributes to the execution of the reporting and the assurance of sustainability, and it helps regulatory bodies with the integral development of reporting and the assurance of EA.
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de Melo, Rodnei Regis, Fernando Lessa Tofoli, Sérgio Daher i Fernando Luiz Marcelo Antunes. "Wheel Slip Control Applied to an Electric Tractor for Improving Tractive Efficiency and Reducing Energy Consumption". Sensors 22, nr 12 (15.06.2022): 4527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22124527.
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This work presents an automatic slip control solution applied to a two-wheel-drive (2WD) electric tractor. Considering that the slip can be maintained within a specific range that depends on the type of soil, it is possible to increase the tractive efficiency of the electric vehicle (EV). The control system can be easily designed considering only the longitudinal dynamics of the tractor while using simple proportional-integral (PI) controllers to drive the inverters associated with the rear wheels. The introduced solution is tested on an experimental electric tractor prototype traveling on firm soil considering case studies in which the slip control is enabled and disabled. The acquired results demonstrate that the slip control allows for obtaining a more stable performance and reduced energy consumption.
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Silva, Wedja Edite de Oliveira, Marta Coelho Fernandes, Camilla Letícia de Castro Silva, Antônio Daniel Lima do Nascimento, Marco Aurélio Carneiro de Holanda, Mônica Calixto Ribeiro de Holanda i Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de Lucena. "Avaliação bio econômica de frangos de corte alimentados com farelo integral de raízes de mandioca suplementado com carboidrases exógena". Research, Society and Development 10, nr 7 (14.06.2021): e7810716413. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16413.
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O experimento foi conduzido no aviário da Fazenda São João, localizada no distrito de Santa Rita, município de Serra Talhada-PE. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes níveis de inclusão de farelo integral de raízes de mandioca (FIRM), suplementadas com complexo multienzimático assim como a sua avaliação econômica. Foram utilizados 450 pintos de um dia de idade, machos da linhagem Cobb, distribuídas em 25 parcelas experimentais, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com cinco tratamentos, compostos por quatro níveis de inclusão de 25, 50, 75 e 100% de FIRM e uma dieta referência à base de milho e farelo de soja e cinco repetições por tratamento. O manejo adotado seguiu o preconizado no manual da linhagem Cobb. Foram mensuradas as variáveis de desempenho (ganho de peso médio diário, consumo de ração diário e conversão alimentar) e as variáveis econômicas receita bruta (RB), despesas (D), margem bruta (MB), e rentabilidade (REN). Os parâmetros de desempenho e de avaliação econômicas foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo posteriormente realizadas análises de regressão e utilizado o teste Tukey com nível de significância a 5% de probabilidade (P<0,05). Foram observados melhora (P<0,05) no ganho de peso e conversão alimentar na fase de 36 a 42 dias e aumento (P<0,05) do ganho econômico. Concluiu-se que o FIRM suplementado com carboidrases exógenas pode ser incluído em dietas de frangos de corte industriais em até 100% produzindo melhora nos índices zootécnicos e aumento do ganho econômico em todo período experimental.
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Trahey, Lynn, Fikile R. Brushett, Nitash P. Balsara, Gerbrand Ceder, Lei Cheng, Yet-Ming Chiang, Nathan T. Hahn i in. "Energy storage emerging: A perspective from the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, nr 23 (8.06.2020): 12550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821672117.
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Energy storage is an integral part of modern society. A contemporary example is the lithium (Li)-ion battery, which enabled the launch of the personal electronics revolution in 1991 and the first commercial electric vehicles in 2010. Most recently, Li-ion batteries have expanded into the electricity grid to firm variable renewable generation, increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of transmission and distribution. Important applications continue to emerge including decarbonization of heavy-duty vehicles, rail, maritime shipping, and aviation and the growth of renewable electricity and storage on the grid. This perspective compares energy storage needs and priorities in 2010 with those now and those emerging over the next few decades. The diversity of demands for energy storage requires a diversity of purpose-built batteries designed to meet disparate applications. Advances in the frontier of battery research to achieve transformative performance spanning energy and power density, capacity, charge/discharge times, cost, lifetime, and safety are highlighted, along with strategic research refinements made by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) and the broader community to accommodate the changing storage needs and priorities. Innovative experimental tools with higher spatial and temporal resolution, in situ and operando characterization, first-principles simulation, high throughput computation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence work collectively to reveal the origins of the electrochemical phenomena that enable new means of energy storage. This knowledge allows a constructionist approach to materials, chemistries, and architectures, where each atom or molecule plays a prescribed role in realizing batteries with unique performance profiles suitable for emergent demands.
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Feder, Judy. "Who Is Winning in Energy Transition?" Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, nr 06 (1.06.2021): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0621-0034-jpt.
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We talk about “the energy transition” as if it were some type of unified, global event. Instead, numerous approaches to energy transitions are taking place in parallel, with all of the “players” moving at different paces, in different directions, and with different guiding philosophies. Which companies are best positioned to survive and thrive, and why? This article takes a look at what several top energy research and business intelligence firms are saying. What a Difference a Year Makes Prior to 2020—in fact, as recently as the 2014 bust that followed the shale boom—the oil and gas industry weathered downturns by “tightening their belts” and “doing more with less” in the form of cutting capital expenditures and costs, tapping credit lines, and improving operational efficiency. Adopting advanced digitalization and cognitive technologies as integral parts of the supply chain from 2015 to 2019 led to significant performance improvements as companies dealt with “shale shock.” Then, in 2020, a strange thing happened. Just as disruptive technologies like electric vehicles and solar photovoltaic and new batteries were gaining traction and decarbonization and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues were rising to the top of global social and policy agendas, COVID-19 left companies with almost nothing to squeeze from their supply chains, and budget cuts had a direct impact on operational performance and short-term operational plans. To stabilize their returns, many oil and gas companies revised and reshaped their portfolios and business strategies around decarbonization and alternative energy sources. The result: The investment in efforts toward effecting energy transition surpassed $500 billion for the first time in early 2021 ($501.3 billion, a 9% increase over 2019, according to BloombergNEF) despite the economic disruption caused by COVID-19. According to Wood Mackenzie, carbon emissions and carbon intensity are now key metrics in any project’s final investment decision. And, Rystad Energy said that greenhouse-gas emissions are declining faster than what is outlined in many conventional models regarded as aggressive scenarios. In Rystad’s model, electrification levels will reach 80% by 2050. A Look at the Playing Field: Energy Transition Pillars In a February 2021 webinar, Rystad discussed what leading exploration and production (E&P) companies are doing to keep up with the energy transition and stay investable in the rapidly changing market environment. The consulting firm researched the top 25 E&P companies based on their oil and gas production in 2020 and analyzed how they approach various market criteria in “three pillars of energy transition in the E&P sector” that the firm regards as key distinguishers and important indicators of potential success (Fig. 1). The research excludes national oil companies (NOCs) except for those with international activity (INOCs). Rystad says these 25 companies are responsible for almost 40% of global hydrocarbon production and the same share of global E&P investments and believes the trends within this peer group are representative on a global scale.
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Kasperzak, Rainer, Marko Kureljusic, Lucas Reisch i Simon Thies. "Accounting for Carbon Emissions—Current State of Sustainability Reporting Practice under the GHG Protocol". Sustainability 15, nr 2 (5.01.2023): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15020994.
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Climate-related reporting has become an integral part of firms’ disclosure. In this context, firms’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are of major importance to stakeholders and management. For measuring GHG emissions, a global standard has been established with the GHG Protocol. This standard contains an important accounting policy option that significantly affects firms’ reported emissions by allowing them to use different consolidation approaches: the equity share, operational control, and financial control approach. However, there is limited evidence on firms’ use of these approaches, resulting in a lack of foundation for discussing the approaches’ sufficiency to support achieving environmental sustainability. Therefore, this paper aims to close this research gap by empirically investigating the approaches’ relevance using 16,604 firm-year observations between 2009 and 2019. We demonstrate that the operational control approach is used by most firms and that its predominance substantially increased during the last decade. However, the predominant use of the operational control approach is not fully compatible with societal and political sustainability goals as expressed in recent sustainability regulations. Therefore, policy makers need to critically assess whether current GHG reporting supports achieving their goals. Furthermore, we develop a research agenda to encourage future researchers to contribute to improvements in GHG reporting.
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Koo, Ja Eun, i Eun Sun Ki. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Safety: Evidence from Korea". Sustainability 12, nr 7 (26.03.2020): 2649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072649.
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Employees are an integral part of a company’s sustainable growth and they expect a safe working environment. Therefore, analyzing the factors that affect employee safety is important. In this context, we analyze the effect of corporate social responsibility investment on employee safety. Using Korean listed company data from 2012 to 2014, we regress corporate social responsibility scores on workplace injuries. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression results show that higher corporate social responsibility scores are associated with fewer working days lost owing to workplace injuries. Moreover, while workplace injuries have a clear negative effect on firm value, corporate social responsibility activity significantly reduces this negative effect. Our findings imply that investment in corporate social responsibility can improve workplace safety and contribute to a company’s sustainable growth.
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Chaika, L. V. "Differentiation of the economic efficiency in the regions of Russia". Statistics and Economics 17, nr 1 (10.03.2020): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2020-1-54-68.
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Purpose. The strategic objectives of sustainable development of the Russian economy include improving energy efficiency and capital efficiency, increasing labor productivity, and reducing the negative impact on the environment. Due to the significant differentiation of the Russian Federation economy, the priorities of these tasks in regions are not the same. There-fore, the analysis of various components of the regional macroeconomic efficiency and the choice of methodical approaches to their composite assessment are being important. The pur-pose of this paper is to test the multidimensional analysis methods of key regional production indicators for measuring the integral indicator – the relative level of economy-wide efficiency of the Russian regions.Materials and methods. “Per unit” indicators of the gross regional product: energy con-sumption, use of fixed assets, labor, and environmental impact, that are calculated by the ROSSTAT data are the basis for assessing of the regional economy efficiency. The research interest of joint consideration of these regional economy indicators is due to their connected-ness as major components of the latent synthetic property of efficiency. The study used meth-ods of comparative multidimensional analysis: nonparametric method of frontier analysis – Data Envelopment Analysis, methods of the average and taxonomic indicator and principal components.Results. The tested methods allowed assessing the differentiation, to rank the regions of the Russian Federation by the level of their economic systems’ efficiency and to identify the “lagging” ones and determine the factors that reduce their positions. The specifics of the ap-plication of the considered methods are noted. Attention is paid to the economic interpreta-tion of the integral indicators. The grouping of regions of the Russian Federation has been car-ried out according to the data of 2016. Twenty-eight regions are classified as “high efficiency” (integral index 0,85–1,0), most of which are effective on all four criteria. The “medium-performing” group (0,75–0,84) comprises thirty-three regions with a reduced level of efficien-cy due to one or two factors: high energy intensity, increased emissions or insufficient labor productivity. The “low efficiency” group (0,5–0,74) comprises twenty-six regions, the problem of their efficiency is a complex one, mainly energy-environmental, with critically low efficien-cy indicators for some components.Conclusion. This article presents an assessment of the differentiation of the regional economy efficiency by using an integral indicator, taking into account the performance of the use of labor, physical capital, fuel and energy resources and environmental impact. Firm con-clusions on the choice of the method for aggregating particular performance criteria into one generalizing indicator have not been obtained. A practical approach is to solve such problems Economic statistics by different available methods to compare results and to obtain consistent conclusions. Four basic criteria of the regional economy efficiency were taken into account, but methodically their number is not limited and can be increased. The results can be used in the system of mon-itoring and strategic planning of regional economy development. The proposed methodical approach is applicable to other practical tasks of multi-factor comparative analysis of regional development.
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Anjum, Misbah, P. K. Kapur, Vernika Agarwal i Sunil Kumar Khatri. "Evaluation and Selection of Software Vulnerabilities". International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 27, nr 05 (18.03.2020): 2040014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539320400148.
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Information systems are an integral part of every organization’s critical resource and are an important responsibility of all organizations in this digital world to defend them from attacks. Misuse of critical systems of data raises serious difficulties to organizations which involve loss of productivity, profits, company loss, credibility loss and often, legal issues. This paper develops a framework to analyze the optimal selection of vulnerabilities having maximum severity and can be resolved in minimum time. In this study, an integrated framework involving Analytical Hierarchy process (AHP) and Entropy method is used to calculate the subjective and objective weights of software vulnerabilities. Severity of vulnerabilities is then computed by taking into consideration the combined weights calculated from AHP and Entropy method. To select the most critical vulnerability, a bi-objective programming problem is used with the objective of weight maximization and time minimization. The weighted goal programming approach is used to achieve a compromise between conflicting objectives and to achieve a satisfactory solution to the bi-objective problem. The findings are tested in the Delhi-National Capital Region by a software firm.
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Grazuleviciute-Vileniske, Indre, Lina Seduikyte, Aurelija Daugelaite i Kastytis Rudokas. "Links between heritage building, historic urban landscape and sustainable development: systematic approach". Landscape architecture and art 17 (14.03.2021): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2020.17.04.
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Heritage and historic buildings deserve attention not only as a significant part of the building stock or from energy efficiency or carbon emissions points of view. They constitute and shape historic urban landscapes that are an integral part of sustainable urban development and sustainable development in a broader sense of humanity in general. However, the sustainable links between the heritage building and historic urban landscape are not well analyzed yet. Meanwhile, the idea that heritage should be a driver of sustainable urban development is more and more explicitly expressed and the concept of historic urban landscape is considered favorable in this regard. The aim of this research was to formulate the theoretical model demonstrating the links between the heritage building, historic urban landscape and sustainable development that would be applied in policy making and planning for heritage driven sustainable urban development. The methods of research included literature review, analysis and synthesis. In order to reach this aim, the analysis of literature on sustainability of cultural heritage, especially heritage buildings was carried out, the concept of historic urban landscape and its implications for sustainability were analyzed and the Halstar approach [29]. based on the systems model adding the dimensions of time and scale to sustainability model developed by the English engineering firm Halcrow was elaborated in the context of heritage buildings and historic urban landscape. The result of the research is the model of the links between heritage building, historic urban landscape and sustainable development, which could be applied in urban development policy design and planning.
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Abbas, Jaffar, Iftikhar Hussain, Safdar Hussain, Sabhat Akram, Imrab Shaheen i Ben Niu. "The Impact of Knowledge Sharing and Innovation upon Sustainable Performance in Islamic Banks: A Mediation Analysis through an SEM Approach". Sustainability 11, nr 15 (26.07.2019): 4049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154049.
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This research is among the very few studies seeking a focalized examination on the relationship between knowledge sharing within a firm and organizational innovation. This specific study establishes that the knowledge sharing and innovation processes in Islamic banks are integral parts of the survival and progress of business organizations. Knowledge sharing and creativity are essential elements in the development of innovative strategies, but few studies have sought to investigate this relationship. This study proposes a framework with five hypotheses, which predicts the influences of knowledge sharing and organizational innovation on the Pakistani banking sector. This survey scrutinizes the impacts of knowledge sharing and innovation, and its primary objective is to determine how learning in Islamic banks mediates the relationship, and enhances the performance, of Pakistani Islamic banks. The authors distributed a self-administered survey, and randomly selected 554 employees from Mirpur AJ&K, Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. We screened and tested the data received using SPSS version 25 for analysis purposes to measure the strength of the relationships which exist among the studied variables. The findings indicate that all of the proposed hypotheses have significant positive relationships, proving that knowledge sharing and organizational innovation have mediating impacts upon organizational learning. The findings can also be used to propose a systematic and holistic framework for attaining an improved performance in Islamic banks through the mediating role of organizational learning. This study offers empirical evidence and original data to examine the connection between knowledge sharing, innovation processes and learning culture in Islamic Banks. The generalizability of these findings is restricted to Islamic banks, and the study delivers valuable insights and suggestions for imminent research studies.
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Smirnov, A. V. "Algorithm FIRE—Feynman Integral REduction". Journal of High Energy Physics 2008, nr 10 (29.10.2008): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2008/10/107.
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Zhang, Yipeng, Lidong He, Jianjiang Yang, Fangteng Wan i Jinji Gao. "Vibration Control of an Unbalanced Single-Side Cantilevered Rotor System with a Novel Integral Squeeze Film Bearing Damper". Applied Sciences 9, nr 20 (16.10.2019): 4371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204371.
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In this paper, vibration control of an unbalanced single-side cantilevered rotor system using a novel integral squeeze film bearing damper in terms of stability, energy distribution, and vibration control is analyzed. A finite element model of such a system with an integral squeeze film bearing damper (ISFBD) is developed. The stability, energy distribution, and vibration control of the unbalanced single-side cantilevered rotor system are calculated and analyzed based on the finite element model. The stiffness of the integral squeeze film bearing damper is designed using theoretical calculation and finite element model (FEM) simulation. The influence of installation position and quantity of integral squeeze film bearing dampers on the vibration control of the unbalanced cantilevered rotor system is discussed. An experimental platform is developed to validate the vibration control effect. The results show that the installation position and quantity of the integral squeeze film bearing dampers have different effects on the stability, energy distribution, and vibration control of the unbalanced cantilevered rotor system. When ISFBDs are installed at both bearing housings, the vibration control is best, and the vibration components of the time and frequency domains have good vibration control effects in four working conditions.
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Usha, R., i P. Vimala. "Curved squeeze film with inertial effects — energy integral approach". Fluid Dynamics Research 30, nr 3 (marzec 2002): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5983(01)00043-0.
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Kim, Min-Young, Byeong-Su Kang, Sang-Jun Park, Jinsub Lim, Youngsun Hong, Jong-Hun Han i Ho-Sung Kim. "Energy Efficiency Improvement of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery by Integrating Electrode and Bipolar Plate". Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology 12, nr 3 (31.08.2021): 330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33961/jecst.2021.00017.
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An integral electrode-bipolar plate assembly, which is composed of electrode, conductive adhesive film (CAF) and bipolar plate, has been developed and evaluated for application with a vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) to decrease contact resistance between electrode and bipolar plate. The CAF, made of EVA (ethylene-vinyl-acetate) material with carbon black or CNT (Carbon Nano Tube), is applied between the electrode and the bipolar plate to enable an integral assembly by adhesion. In order to evaluate the integral assembly of VRB by adhesive film, the resistivity of integral assembly and the performance of single cell were investigated. Thus, it was verified that the integral assembly is applicable to redox flow battery. Through resistance and contact resistance of bare EVA and CAF films on bipolar plate were changed. Among the adhesive films, CAF film coated with carbon black showed the lowest value in through resistance, and CAF film coated with CNT showed the lowest value in contact resistance, respectively. The efficiency of VRB single cell was improved by applying CAF films coated with carbon black and CNT, resulting in the reduced overvoltage in charging process. Therefore, the energy efficiency of both CAF films, about 84%, were improved than that of blank cell, about 79.5 % under current density at 40 mA cm−2. The energy efficiency of the two cells were similar, but carbon black coated CAF improved the coulomb efficiency and CNT coated CAF improved the voltage efficiency, respectively.
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Zhang, G. Y., H. R. Zheng, X. Y. Zhang, D. L. Gao, P. X. Zhang i H. U. Habermeier. "Time-integral type strongly correlated electronic thin-film laser energy meter". Applied Physics B 108, nr 3 (26.05.2012): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-012-5028-3.
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Zhang, Lei, Wen Bo Bi i Ru Bo Zhang. "An Approximate Solution of Energy Partition in Grind-Hardening Process". Advanced Materials Research 135 (październik 2010): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.135.298.
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In order to estimate the energy partition within the workpiece, an integral approximation solution of energy partition is found in the grind-hardening process. Heat transfer models of the abrasive grain, workpiece, chips and fluid were analyzed by using the integral approximation method. The present model can calculate the energy partition with and without film boiling in the grinding zone. The temperature underneath the surface of the workpiece was measured using semi--natural thermocouple method. The workpiece background temperature calculated by the present model agreed very well with the experimental results. Energy partition model can be used to calculate the grinding temperature for controlling thermal damage and predicting the harden layer depth in grinding.
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Zhang, Yipeng, Lidong He, Jianjiang Yang, Gang Zhu, Xingyun Jia i Wei Yan. "Multi-Objective Optimization Design of a Novel Integral Squeeze Film Bearing Damper". Machines 9, nr 10 (23.09.2021): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9100206.
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In order to better control the vibration of the rotor system so as to improve the stability and safety of the rotor, a novel vibration control solution is needed. In this paper, the multi-objective optimization problem is used for designing a novel integral squeeze film bearing damper (ISFBD). The method attempts to reduce the stiffness and stress convergence of ISFBD, which can greatly decrease the transmitted force of the rotor system and better use the damping effect to dissipate the vibration energy. The finite element model of ISFBD is established to analyze the stiffness and stress, and the correctness of the calculation is verified by setting up a stiffness test platform. The sensitivity of different structural parameters of stiffness and stress is analyzed by ANOVA. Meanwhile, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and grey correlation analysis (GRA) algorithms are coupled for multi-objective optimization of stiffness and stress. The results indicate that optimized ISFBD can distribute 26.6% of the rotor system’s energy and reduce 59.3% of the transmitted force at the bearing location. It is also proved that the optimization strategy is effective, which can provide a useful method for ISFBD design in practical applications.
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Dickinson, Matthew B., Cyle E. Wold, Bret W. Butler, Robert L. Kremens, Daniel Jimenez, Paul Sopko i Joseph J. O’Brien. "The Wildland Fire Heat Budget—Using Bi-Directional Probes to Measure Sensible Heat Flux and Energy in Surface Fires". Sensors 21, nr 6 (18.03.2021): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062135.
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Sensible energy is the primary mode of heat dissipation from combustion in wildland surface fires. However, despite its importance to fire dynamics, smoke transport, and in determining ecological effects, it is not routinely measured. McCaffrey and Heskestad (A robust bidirectional low-velocity probe for flame and fire application. Combustion and Flame 26:125–127, 1976) describe measurements of flame velocity from a bi-directional probe which, when combined with gas temperature measurements, can be used to estimate sensible heat fluxes. In this first field application of bi-directional probes, we describe vertical and horizontal sensible heat fluxes during the RxCADRE experimental surface fires in longleaf pine savanna and open ranges at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida. Flame-front sensible energy is the time-integral of heat flux over a residence time, here defined by the rise in gas temperatures above ambient. Horizontal flow velocities and energies were larger than vertical velocities and energies. Sensible heat flux and energy measurements were coordinated with overhead radiometer measurements from which we estimated fire energy (total energy generated by combustion) under the assumption that 17% of fire energy is radiated. In approximation, horizontal, vertical, and resultant sensible energies averaged 75%, 54%, and 64%, respectively, of fire energy. While promising, measurement challenges remain, including obtaining accurate gas and velocity measurements and capturing three-dimensional flow in the field.
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Lin, Jui-Chi, i Jia-Lin Tsai. "Characterizing the interfacial fracture energy of stiff islands on stretchable films". Journal of Mechanics 38 (2022): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jom/ufac023.
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Abstract This study characterized the interfacial fracture energy of stiff islands deposited on a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film. The film can deform by >200%. The film was stretched using a designed fixture, and the fracture behaviors of the islands were observed using a microscope. The island–substrate interface debonding lengths associated with different levels of substrate strain were determined in the stretching tests. Because the stretchable film was a nonlinear material, the Ogden model was employed to characterize the nonlinear constitutive relation. Through the tensile tests, the material parameters in the Ogden model were determined using the reduced-gradient optimization method. On the basis of the measured debonding lengths, a finite element model was generated for the nonlinear properties of the film, and the energy release rates at the crack tip were calculated using the J-integral method. The energy release rates, representing the interfacial fracture energy, were calculated on the basis of the arrested crack associated with different crack lengths. Results reveal that the interfacial fracture energy increased from 0.14 to 0.91 kJ/m2 as the debonding length increased. The behavior is related to the rising resistance curve in TPU materials. In addition, the shearing-dominated mode slightly decreased as the debonded length increased in the stretching tests.
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Wu, Mengjie, Yuyan Zhang, Xin Dai i Ling Jiang. "Studies on the Mechanical Models and Behaviors for the Stamp/Film Interface in Microtransfer Printing". Materials 15, nr 17 (26.08.2022): 5915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175915.
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The adhesion/delamination characteristics at the stamp/film interface are critical for the efficiency of film microtransfer printing technology. To predict and regulate the interface mechanical behaviors, finite element models based on the J-integral, Virtual Crack Closure Technology (VCCT), and the cohesive zone method (CZM) were established and compared. Then, the effects of pulling speed and interface parameters on the pull-off force, which is used to characterize the interface adhesion strength, were investigated. Comparisons between the simulation results and previous experimental results demonstrated that the model based on the CZM was more applicable than the models based on the J-integral and VCCT in analyzing the adhesion/delamination behaviors of the stamp/film interface. Furthermore, the increase in pulling speed could enlarge the pull-off force for the viscoelastic stamp/film interface, while it had no influence on the pull-off force for the elastic stamp/film interface. In addition, a larger normal strength and normal fracture energy resulted in a larger pull-off force, which was beneficial to the realization of the picking-up process in microtransfer printing.
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Hsu, Chao-Ho, i Rong-Tsong Lee. "An Efficient Algorithm for Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Under Rolling/Sliding Line Contacts". Journal of Tribology 116, nr 4 (1.10.1994): 762–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927330.
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One of the most time-consuming routines in thermal EHL problem is the calculation of the surface temperature integral. Combining the multigrid technique and the Newton-Raphson method, a modified multilevel, multi-integration algorithm for this integral is developed that can reduce the computational complexity from O (n2) to O (n ln n) for the thermal EHL problem of rolling/sliding line contacts. The employed standard central difference approximation to the coupled Reynolds and energy equations can yield the maximum difference of mass flow flux within one percent. Effects of dimensionless load, dimensionless materials parameter, slip ratio, and thermal loading parameter on the minimum film thickness are investigated. Correlation formula of thermal reduction factor for the minimum film thickness is derived for a wide range of slip ratios, loads, thermal loading parameters, and materials parameters.
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Papworth, A. J., C. J. Kiely, S. R. P. Silva i G. A. J. Amaratunga. "Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Characterisation of the Sp2 Bonding Fraction Within Carbon Thin Films." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, S2 (sierpień 1999): 632–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600016482.
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Electron energy loss spectroscopy is the only direct technique that can semi-quantitatively determine the nature of the bonding in carbon thin films. To quantify the sp2/sp3 bonding fraction, the spectrum taken from the film must be compared to that of a suitable known standard. The bonding fraction can be analysed by studying the K ionisation edge in the electron energy loss spectrum. A method for quantifying the sp2 bonding fraction in an amorphous carbon film has been described by Berger et al (1988), where the area of peak of the film is compared with that of graphite. The principle of quantifying the edge structure is to obtain a ratio of the two peak areas using the following formula, (1), where fπis the ratio between the two π* peaks, Iπ. is the integral of the transition, and ΔE is the integrated counts for the normalising energy window. The superscripts s and u denote the standard and unknown spectra respectively.
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de Santiago, O., L. San Andre´s i J. Oliveras. "Imbalance Response of a Rotor Supported on Open-Ends Integral Squeeze Film Dampers". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 121, nr 4 (1.10.1999): 718–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818532.
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Rotor vibration attenuation and structural components isolation in jet engines are achieved with squeeze film dampers, many of them supported on long elastic squirrel cages. Integral squeeze film dampers (ISFDs) are comprised of arcuate pads and wire-EDM webs rendering a compact viscoelastic support. An experimental study is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of ISFDs in attenuating the imbalance response of a massive test rotor. Measurements of the damper structural stiffness and rotor natural frequencies are detailed. Impact tests on the test rotor supported on its dampers reveal the supporting structure to be very flexible, thus requiring the experimental evaluation of an equivalent stiffness for the damper and supports system. System damping coefficients extracted from impact load excitations vary with the lubricant viscosity and include a significant structural damping from the bearing supports. Rotor coast-down tests demonstrate the ISFDs to damp well the rotor response with peak vibration amplitude proportional (linear) to the imbalance. Viscous damping coefficients estimated from the amplitude response at the critical speeds agree reasonably well with predictions from a full-film, finite element model.
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Zaychikova, Svetlana N., Vladimir V. Prudnikov i Pavel V. Prudnikov. "Study of the equilibrium critical behavior of thin granular membranes by Monte Carlo methods". Herald of Omsk University 25, nr 4 (28.12.2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1812-3996.2020.25(4).16-21.
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Simulation of thin granular films and twolayer structures is carried out by Monte Carlo methods. Temperature dependence of equilibrium macroscopic characteristics of granular films such as magnetization, energy, heat capacity, and magnetic susceptibility are calcu-lated for different linear sizes of granules. Influence of exchange integral values for inter-action between granules in film and interlayer interaction in twolayer structure is studied.
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Usha, R., i P. Vimala. "Squeeze Film Force Using an Elliptical Velocity Profile". Journal of Applied Mechanics 70, nr 1 (1.01.2003): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1526124.
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The squeeze film force in a circular Newtonian squeeze film has been theoretically predicted by using the elliptical velocity profile assumption in the squeeze film by three different approximation methods. As examples, the numerical results for the sinusoidal squeeze motion, constant velocity squeezing state, and constant force squeezing state have been obtained and the results have been found to be in good agreement with those obtained using experimental test coefficients predicted by the spectral analysis techniques for Newtonian circular squeeze film geometry. The validity of applying the energy integral method (EIM) or the successive approximation method (SAM) has been justified and the effectiveness of EIM or SAM in predicting squeeze film force using the elliptical velocity profile assumption in the squeeze film for large-amplitude motion has been demonstrated.
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LONGO, S., L. D. PIETANZA, F. A. TASSIELLI i M. CAPITELLI. "Nonequilibrium electron energy distribution in Au under subpicosecond laser irradiation: A kinetic study". Laser and Particle Beams 20, nr 2 (kwiecień 2002): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034602202190.
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We have performed a kinetic study of the electron dynamic relaxation inside a Au film subjected to a subpicosecond laser pulse. For this purpose, we have developed a time-dependent numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation for the electrons inside the film considering the collision integrals due to electron–electron and electron–phonon collisions and a perturbation term due to the laser pulse. Our results show that, after the pulse excitation, electron distributions are very far from equilibrium. Therefore it is not possible, especially in the first part of the temporal evolution, to describe the relaxation of the electron distribution through a two-temperature model.
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Yianoulis, P., i M. Giannouli. "Thin Solid Films and Nanomaterials for Solar Energy Conversion and Energy Saving Applications". Journal of Nano Research 2 (sierpień 2008): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.2.49.
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Important new applications are possible today in the fields of energy conversion and storage by the application of thin and nanostructured solid films on surfaces. These special films, or multiple films, will be integral parts of the energy systems in the near future for the production of useful thermal and electrical energy and for energy saving applications, especially in buildings. We review the research in this direction. As we are facing the threats of insufficient energy supply and the greenhouse gas emissions from the intense use of fossil sources, we realize that the impacts as well as the future of the solar energy systems have been greatly underestimated. We review the work on solar thermal systems and energy saving applications. The efficient use of solar thermal technologies is very important for the introduction of a sizeable share of environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. New and nano structured materials along with the design and the geometry of advanced systems, capable of achieving high temperatures, as well as on integrated collection and storage systems have been proposed. Recent progress in high-vacuum technology and new materials had a remarkable effect in thin-film quality and cost. As a result new thermal absorbers have appeared along with new evaluation methods. We also present work on low-e coatings and electrochromic thin films that are very important for thermal energy savings in buildings and increase the efficiency of devices. For the photovoltaic solar energy conversion we present results on thin film solar cells and the efforts on dye sensitized nanostructured and organic solar cells.
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Chen, Wenbin, Weijia Li, Zhiwen Luo, Cheng Wang i Xiaoming Wang. "A stabilized second order exponential time differencing multistep method for thin film growth model without slope selection". ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis 54, nr 3 (1.04.2020): 727–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/m2an/2019054.
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In this paper, a stabilized second order in time accurate linear exponential time differencing (ETD) scheme for the no-slope-selection thin film growth model is presented. An artificial stabilizing term $ A{\tau }^2\frac{\mathrm{\partial }{\Delta }^2u}{\mathrm{\partial }t}$ is added to the physical model to achieve energy stability, with ETD-based multi-step approximations and Fourier collocation spectral method applied in the time integral and spatial discretization of the evolution equation, respectively. Long time energy stability and detailed 𝓁∞(0,T;𝓁2) error analysis are provided based on the energy method, with a careful estimate of the aliasing error. In addition, numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the energy decay and convergence rate.
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Sugiharto, Toto. "MICRO AND MACROECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LIFE INSURANCE FIRMS IN INDONESIA: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE". Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Bisnis 27, nr 1 (2022): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/eb.2022.v27i1.3921.
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Insurance sector is an integral part of financial system which offers an important contribution in the nation’s economy. It provides long terms fund for investment which leads to improving financial and non-financial infrastructural facilities. The financial performance of insurance firms, therefore, is an important aspect needing special attention. The paper’s objective is to investigate the impact of micro and macroeconomic indicators on the financial performance of life insurance firms. Based on the Indonesia Financial Service Authority (IFAS) database, a set sample of 30 life insurance firms for the periods of 2011-2018 was generated. Panel data regression analysis was performed to test the formulated hypotheses. Random effect model was identified as the appropriate model indicating that differences in the characteristics between the studied life insurance firms have an effect on the dependent variable, in this case the return on equity. Based on the resulted model, it is revealed that the financial performance i.e. return of equity is affected consecutively by economic growth, expense ratio and current ratio in different direction and magnitudes.
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Xie, Zheng Wen, i Kai Yu Su. "Macro-TG Reactor and Thermogravimetric Analysis for Cooking Oil Tar Samples". Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (luty 2011): 1569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.1569.
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The combustible material of fire in fog discharge pipe is the cooking oil tar. Cooking oil tar was conducted on a specially designed laboratory-scale thermobalance (Macro-TG) with sample loading of 15g under dynamic air atmosphere. The effects of heating rate (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25°C/min) was examined. A simple kinetic description, named in this work as ‘First Order Reaction and Three-dimensional Diffusion Separate-stage Model (O1+D3)’ model, was developed based on the experimental results and integral analysis method. Experimental results shows that large amount of sample has a pyrolysis reaction retardancy. The distributed activation energy model was used to study the pyrolysis kinetics. Science the reaction occurred in small activation energy told us that if the cooking oil tar put on fire it will be spread rapidly and hard to put out.
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Shimo, Masayoshi, James V. Canino i Stephen D. Heister. "Modeling Oil Flows on Seal Runners and Engine Sump Walls". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, nr 4 (13.12.2004): 827–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1924431.
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Oil flow behavior within a lubrication system utilized in a turbofan engine has been studied using a two-dimensional model for a seal runner and a sump wall. A two-dimensional, axisymmetric boundary layer method is utilized to derive a model for the film on the seal runner. An integral method analysis of boundary layer equations are utilized to derive a model for the film behavior on the outer wall of the sump neglecting variations in the axial direction. Parametric studies for oil flow at the seal runner and one the sump wall have been generated for a wide range of oil film properties and ambient conditions.
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Barrientos, Gabriel, Giacomo Clementi, Carlo Trigona, Merieme Ouhabaz, Ludovic Gauthier-Manuel, Djaffar Belharet, Samuel Margueron, Ausrine Bartasyte, Graziella Malandrino i Salvatore Baglio. "Lead-Free LiNbO3 Thick Film MEMS Kinetic Cantilever Beam Sensor/Energy Harvester". Sensors 22, nr 2 (12.01.2022): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22020559.
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In this paper, we present integrated lead-free energy converters based on a suitable MEMS fabrication process with an embedded layer of LiNbO3. The fabrication technology has been developed to realize micromachined self-generating transducers to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy. The process proposed presents several interesting features with the possibility of realizing smaller scale devices, integrated systems, miniaturized mechanical and electromechanical sensors, and transducers with an active layer used as the main conversion element. When the system is fabricated in the typical cantilever configuration, it can produce a peak-to-peak open-circuit output voltage of 0.208 V, due to flexural deformation, and a power density of 1.9 nW·mm−3·g−2 at resonance, with values of acceleration and frequency of 2.4 g and 4096 Hz, respectively. The electromechanical transduction capability is exploited for sensing and power generation/energy harvesting applications. Theoretical considerations, simulations, numerical analyses, and experiments are presented to show the proposed LiNbO3-based MEMS fabrication process suitability. This paper presents substantial contributions to the state-of-the-art, proposing an integral solution regarding the design, modelling, simulation, realization, and characterization of a novel transducer.
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Das, Hirak Jyoti. "Israel’s Gas Diplomacy with Egypt". Contemporary Review of the Middle East 7, nr 2 (12.02.2020): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798920901877.
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Historically, Israel has been dependent on the imports of oil, coal, and natural gas to meet its energy demands, and energy security is an integral part of its security and foreign policy. In its neighborhood, gas relations with Egypt began in 2008, which was terminated in 2012, thereby propelling Israel to diversify its imports and explore domestic production. The latter inverted the energy balance that transformed Israel from being a buyer, and Egyptian firms have shown interest to open their market for Israeli gas. At the same time, fresh gas discoveries in Egypt have opened up new policy options and challenges for Israel. The research would be exploratory and contextualize the Israel–Egyptian relations through the prism of energy and focus on the potential for Israel’s gas diplomacy and engagement and would evaluate the drawbacks and challenges in its energy policy vis-à-vis Egypt.
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Pavelko, Vitalijs, Igors Pavelko i Maxim Smolyaninov. "Large Deformation and Failure of Thin-Walled Film at the Post-Buckling Delamination". Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (wrzesień 2013): 497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.497.
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An accurate 1D model of post-buckling deformation of a thin sub-laminate of layered composite is develloped using nonlinead theory of slender plate. The strain energy realize rate at delamination propagation is obtained via the elliptical integrals. A model of fracture buckled sub-laminate is implemented and used for general analysis of progressive damage of composite
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Berry, Michelle K., i Emily Wakild. "Why We Can (and Should!) All Teach Climate History: A Few Brief Ideas from North America". Didactica Historica 7, nr 1 (2021): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33055/didacticahistorica.2021.007.01.97.
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This article reviews some of the reasons why history teachers choose not to teach about climate change. The authors suggest that climate change can be an integral part of a history course and they offer examples of energy, cultural identities, and wildland fire as places to weave climate into traditional history classes. Teaching about climate change does not only have to be about scientific data or geophysical facts; the moral, emotional, and cultural impacts of climate change have a natural fit in history classrooms, environmental and otherwise.
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Wang, Ting-Ting, Yi-Ran Li i Gan-Yun Huang. "On the Stress Transfer and Mode Mixity for a Film of Finite Length Bonded to an Elastic Substrate". International Journal of Applied Mechanics 13, nr 04 (maj 2021): 2150054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s175882512150054x.
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The configuration of film-substrate structure is widely involved in many aspects of technologies. To ensure high reliability and sound performance, it is of importance to understand the stress distribution and the adhesion at the interface. In the present work, within mind the film of finite width, a mechanical model has been proposed to analyze the traction at the interface between the film and an elastic substrate that may be subjected to either uniaxial stretching or bending. For incompressible substrates, the problem may be reduced to the solution of singular integral equations of Cauchy type and the tractions at the film’s edges have been revealed to exhibit the square-root singularity. Mode mixity has been calculated. By comparing the strain in the film when the system is subjected to uniaxial stretching with that from experiments on the adhesion between graphene and substrates, an agreement has been found and the implications of the present model in the measurement of adhesion energy have been discussed.
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Pham, V. K., T. P. Ngo i L. A. Gubanova. "Search for designs of nonpolarizing interference systems". Computer Optics 43, nr 4 (sierpień 2019): 550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-2019-43-4-550-556.
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This research looks into methods for searching of designs of nonpolarizing interference systems, which provide a small discrepancy between spectral characteristics of the energy reflection/transmission coefficient for s- and p- polarizations. The layer thickness of these systems is a multiple of a quarter wavelength. Depending on the method used, the number of film-forming materials can vary from two to four. Analysis of spectral characteristics shows that in the spectral range of interest the discrepancy between the integral characteristics for s- and p-polarizations is less than 2%.
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Roy, Durbar, i Saptarshi Basu. "On the thermofluidics of a steady laminar jet impacting on a rotating hot plate: An ab initio scaling perspective". AIP Advances 12, nr 8 (1.08.2022): 085311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0105060.
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We provide an ab initio scaling analysis for liquid film thickness and Nusselt number of a steady laminar jet impinging a rotating heated plate. We have probed the limiting scaling regimes by incorporating the evaporative effects at the liquid–vapor interface. The dependence of liquid film thickness and Nusselt number on Reynolds, Rossby, and Prandtl numbers has been unearthed using scaling analysis of the integral and differential form of the continuity, Navier–Stokes, and energy equation in a cylindrical coordinate system. Boundary layer analysis has been used to discover a critical length that plays a significant role in understanding the effect of evaporation on hydrodynamic, thermal boundary layer thicknesses, and subsequently Nusselt number. The evaporative effects on liquid film thickness become increasingly important after a certain critical radius. The scaling laws derived are compared with existing experimental data available in the literature, and the trends predicted were consistent.
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Usha and, R., i P. Vimala. "Fluid Inertia Effects in a Non-Newtonian Squeeze Film Between Two Plane Annuli". Journal of Tribology 122, nr 4 (17.12.1999): 872–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1288928.
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An analysis is presented for the laminar squeeze flow of an incompressible powerlaw fluid between parallel plane annuli using the modified lubrication theory and energy integral method. The local and the convective inertia of the flow are considered in the investigation. Analytical expressions for the load carrying capacity of the squeeze film are obtained using both the methods and are compared with those based on the assumption of inertialess flow. It is observed that the inertia correction in the load carrying capacity is more significant for pseudo-plastic fluids, n<1.[S0742-4787(00)00504-X]
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Xia, Dong Zhou. "A New Energy Saving Roofing Insulation Board System of Polyphenylene Foam Concrete". Key Engineering Materials 531-532 (grudzień 2012): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.531-532.421.
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In engineering practice, the most widely used roof insulation materials are expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, extruded polystyrene board (XPS), expanded polystyrene board (EPS), foam glass block，rigid polyurethane foam insulation layer, and so on. These products have many advantages, such as light weight, high compressive strength, good integral property, convenient construction. But there are a lot of defects at the same time, such as bad fireproof performance and durability, environmental pollution, and so on. So we need an efficient roofing insulation materials to meet the growing needs of the roofing energy saving, energy saving roofing insulation board system of polyphenylene foam concrete just meet this demand, it has the characteristics of thermal insulation, lightweight and compressive resistance, waterproof and moistureproof, fire durable, and simple structure. Through the application of this new materials in practical engineering, the energy saving roofing insulation board will provide an efficient and practical material for future roof thermal insulation and energy saving.
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Popov, V. M., E. N. Epishkov, V. A. Afonkina i E. I. Krivosheeva. "Assessment of the influence of key factors of the rapeseed drying process using electric radiant film heaters on germination ability and germination energy". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 949, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 012131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/949/1/012131.
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Abstract Drying of any crop is a complex technological process, accompanied by a change in the content of not only the amount of moisture in them, but also useful substances and properties. The improvement of the drying technology of small-seeded crops should be aimed at preserving the sowing qualities of seeds (germination ability and germination energy), therefore, the assessment of the quality of rape plant seeds after the drying process in a conveyor-cascade type drying unit is an important and integral part of the work, and the use of modern mathematical methods is an integral part of the processing and interpretation of the results of field experiments. The experiment and analysis of the results of the work were carried out according to the methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops. The results were processed using two-factor analisys.
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AMMER, CH, K. MEINEL, H. WOLTER, A. BECKMANN i H. NEDDERMEYER. "COMBINED HRLEED AND STM INVESTIGATIONS ON THE INITIAL STAGES OF Cu HETEROEPITAXY Ru(0001)". Surface Review and Letters 04, nr 06 (grudzień 1997): 1167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x97001486.
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Recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) observations revealed different layer structures in the heteroepitaxial Cu/Ru(0001) system with increasing film thickness attributed to various stages of strain relaxation. High-resolution low-energy electron diffraction (HRLEED) analysis permits one to derive more exactly both lattice periodicities and lattice rotations. Furthermore, the representative character of local STM results can be proved. However, STM measurements are needed to identify and to assign the satellite spots to coexistent different superstructures which are superposed incoherently in the diffraction pattern. Generally, the integral LEED results confirm the crystallographic data obtained by STM in a local scale.
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LUCHINI, PAOLO, i FRANÇOIS CHARRU. "Consistent section-averaged equations of quasi-one-dimensional laminar flow". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 656 (1.07.2010): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010002594.
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Section-averaged equations of motion, widely adopted for slowly varying flows in pipes, channels and thin films, are usually derived from the momentum integral on a heuristic basis, although this formulation is affected by known inconsistencies. We show that starting from the energy rather than the momentum equation makes it become consistent to first order in the slowness parameter, giving the same results that have been provided until today only by a much more laborious two-dimensional solution. The kinetic-energy equation correctly provides the pressure gradient because with a suitable normalization the first-order correction to the dissipation function is identically zero. The momentum equation then correctly provides the wall shear stress. As an example, the classical stability result for a free falling liquid film is recovered straightforwardly.
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Falope, Federico Oyedeji, i Enrico Radi. "Finite Thin Cover on an Orthotropic Elastic Half Plane". Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5393621.
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The present work deals with the mechanical behaviour of thin films bonded to a homogeneous elastic orthotropic half plane under plain strain condition and infinitesimal strain. Both the film and semi-infinite substrate display linear elastic orthotropic behaviour. By assuming perfect adhesion between film and half plane together with membrane behaviour of the film, the compatibility condition between the coating and substrate leads to a singular integral equation with Cauchy kernel. Such an equation is straightforwardly solved by expanding the unknown interfacial stress in series of Chebyshev polynomials displaying square-root singularity at the film edges. This approach allows handling the singular behaviour of the shear stress and, in turn, reducing the problem to a linear algebraic system of infinite terms. Results are found for two loading cases, with particular reference to concentrated axial forces acting at the edges of the film. The corresponding mode II stress intensity factor has been assessed, thus providing the stress concentrations at both ends of the covering. Possible applications of the results here obtained range from MEMS, NEMS, and solar Silicon cell for energy harvesting to welded joint and building foundation.
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Novbari, E., i A. Oron. "Analysis of time-dependent nonlinear dynamics of the axisymmetric liquid film on a vertical circular cylinder: Energy integral model". Physics of Fluids 23, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 012105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3541856.
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Novbari, Elena, i Alexander Oron. "Energy integral method model for the nonlinear dynamics of an axisymmetric thin liquid film falling on a vertical cylinder". Physics of Fluids 21, nr 6 (czerwiec 2009): 062107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3154586.
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Handoyo, Sofik. "Environmental Information Disclosure Assessment: The Case of Manufacturing Firms Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange". Asian Journal of Technology Management (AJTM) 14, nr 2 (2021): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12695/ajtm.2021.14.2.4.
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This study aimed to assess the environmental information disclosure of listed manufacturing firms on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Furthermore, this study used the content analysis procedure of the firm’s annual reports and sustainability reporting. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standard was adopted as the guidelines for assessing environmental disclosure. Meanwhile, the evaluated topics are material, energy, water, biodiversity, emissions, effluents and waste, environmental compliance, and supplier environmental assessment. The results showed that manufacturing firms had disclosed environmental information at a moderate level, and the average performance level was relatively low. Furthermore, by topic, the environmental performance levels showed that disclosure related to effluents and waste was the highest, followed by energy, materials, emissions, water, biodiversity, and compliance, respectively. The results indicated that the Indonesian government needs to improve environmental law enforcement for industrial practice. Furthermore, Indonesia’s capital market authority is expected to introduce a sustainability index as part of a business organisation’s concern for environmental protection. The Institute of Indonesia Chartered Accountant (IAI) also needs to consider developing a standard for environmental reporting as an integral part of corporate financial reporting. Keywords: Annual report, environmental disclosure, environmental compliance, stock exchange, sustainability reporting
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Matthews, Stuart. "Dead fuel moisture research: 1991–2012". International Journal of Wildland Fire 23, nr 1 (2014): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf13005.
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The moisture content of dead fuels is an important determinant of many aspects of bushfire behaviour. Understanding the relationships of fuel moisture with weather, fuels and topography is useful for fire managers and models of fuel moisture are an integral component of fire behaviour models. This paper reviews research into dead fuel moisture for the period 1991–2012. The first half of the paper deals with experimental investigation of fuel moisture including an overview of the physical processes that affect fuel moisture, laboratory measurements used to quantify these processes, and field measurements of the dependence of fuel moisture on weather, vegetation structure and topography. The second set of topics examine models of fuel moisture including empirical models derived from field measurements, process-based models of vapour exchange and fuel energy and water balance, and experimental testing of both types of models. Remaining knowledge gaps and future research problems are also discussed. Opportunities for exciting research in the future exist for basic fuel moisture processes, developing new methods for applying models to fire behaviour prediction, and linking fuel moisture and weather forecast models.
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Lin, Jaw-Ren, Tzu-Chen Hung i Shu-Ting Hu. "Effects of fluid inertia forces in ferrofluid lubricated circular stepped squeeze films – Shliomis model". Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 68, nr 6 (12.09.2016): 712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-09-2015-0122.
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Purpose This paper aims to study the inertia squeeze film characteristics between ferrofluid-lubricated circular stepped disks. Owing to the development of modern machine systems, the application of ferrofluids has received great attention. Because the circular disks are a special situation of circular stepped squeeze films, a further study of fluid inertia force effects on the ferrofluid-lubricated circular stepped squeezing mechanism is motivated. Design/methodology/approach On the basis of the ferrohydrodynamic flow model of Shliomis incorporating the momentum integral method, the effects of fluid inertia forces in ferrofluid-lubricated circular stepped squeeze films in the presence of external magnetic fields are investigated in this study. Analytical solutions of squeeze film performances are derived. Findings The fluid inertia force effects provide an increased load capacity and a longer squeeze film time for the ferrofluid-lubricated circular stepped squeeze film, especially for a larger value of the inertia parameter, the Langevin parameter and the volume concentration and a smaller value of the radius ratio and the step height ratio. Originality/value For engineering applications, numerical tables for squeeze film loads of circular stepped disks are also provided in this paper.