Rozprawy doktorskie: „Instrument”

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Silveira, Néria Invernizzi da. "Tradução e adaptação cultural do instrumento: “The SACS TM Instrument”". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21226.

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Introduction: The skin around the ostomy should be evaluated constantly because of the risk of having its integrity impaired and there is no instrument validated in Brazil for assessment and classification of the lesions and topographic location. Objective: To carry out the cultural adaptation of "The SACS™ Instrument" for use in Brazil and assess content validity, inter-observer reliability and evaluate the educational dimension to the understanding of this instrument. Method: This is a methodological study with a quantitative and qualitative approach. The cultural adaptation was elaborated by four translators in the translation and back-translation phases and its summaries were compiled by the author. The content validity index (CVI) was analyzed by seven judges for semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual equivalences. The formula for calculating the CVI was the addition of the answers, divided by the total number of answers. Inter-observer reliability came from the investigation of 41 photographs, carried out by two nurses who specialize in stomatherapy and the values were presented in percentage and with the weighted kappa coefficient (K). To achieve instrument validity a focus group strategy was used, with eight students from year four of the undergraduate nursing program. Result: The result obtained for SACS™ Instrument was IVC=1. Reliability for the evaluation and classification of the lesions presented agreement of 41.18% and K = 0.2444, and for topographic location resulted in 46.67% and K = 0.3151. Another measure of interobserver agreement was the level of statistical significance that presented p <0.001 and was found to be extremely significant. Discussion: The process of translation and cultural adaptation was developed with the scientific rigor of the research objective. IVC = 1 was the same as that in a study in Turkey. In Italy and the USA, IVC = 0.91 and IVC = 0.94, respectively, demonstrated the viability in clinical practice, but with specific training. Conclusion: The SACSTM instrument was translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese culture and meant to be an internationally standardized tool and useful in clinical practice for the evaluation, classification, topographic location of peristomial lesions, certifying reliable results and that met the objectives of this study
Introdução: A pele ao redor da estomia deve ser avaliada constantemente pois possui risco de perda de sua integridade e não há instrumento no Brasil para a avaliação, classificação e localização topográfica destas lesões. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou realizar e adaptação cultural do “The SACSTM Instrument” para o Brasil, avaliar o índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) e a confiabilidade interobservadores. Método: É um estudo metodológico com abordagem quantitativa. A adaptação cultural foi desenvolvida por quatro tradutores, sendo dois para a tradução e dois para a retrotradução. O IVC das equivalências de semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual foram analisadas por sete juízes e a versão final foi elaborada pela pesquisadora. A concordância interobservadores ocorreu pela análise de quarenta e uma fotografias por dois ET. Resultado: O SACSTM obteve IVC=1. A confiabilidade, para a avaliação e classificação das lesões apresentou concordância de 41,18% e K=0,2444, e para localização topográfica resultou em 46,67% e K=0,3151. Outra medida de concordância interobservadores foi o nível de significância estatística que apresentou p<0,001 concluindo ser extremamente significante. Discussão: O processo de tradução e adaptação cultural foi desenvolvido com o rigor científico do objetivo da pesquisa. O IVC =1 foi o mesmo que ocorreu em um estudo da Turquia. Na Itália e EUA resultou respectivamente em IVC = 0,91 e IVC = 0,94, demonstrando a viabilidade na prática clínica, porém com capacitação específica. Conclusão: O instrumento SACSTM foi traduzido e adaptado para a cultura do português do Brasil e significou ser uma ferramenta padronizada internacionalmente e de utilidade na prática clínica para a avaliação, classificação, localização topográfica das lesões periestomias, certificando resultados fidedignos e que atendeu os objetivos deste estudo

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Borg, Daniel, i Ulf Mantling. "Syntetiska Instrument". Thesis, University of Gävle, Ämnesavdelningen för elektronik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5481.

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This thesis aims to investigate SAAB AB´s possibilities to use synthetic instruments in their test systems. The reason for this is reducing costs and the risk of obsolescence which is common when test systems operate for several decades.

The market around synthetic instruments has been explored in the search for suitable hardware and software. Software has been developed in LabVIEW and synthetic instruments have been created with the help of IVI-drivers. The hardware consisted of PXI-instruments (Waveform generator and Digitizer), connected to a computer using a fiber optic link and PXI-chassi. The created instruments was then compared to common instruments used today, and the comparison turned out well. Advantages, disadvantages and the theory surrounding synthetic instruments is also covered. This thesis is only an introduction and further work will be necessary to implement synthetic instruments at SAAB.

The thesis also purposes suitable hardware and further development based on the test systems used today, and how it is possible to solve the layer structure.

Detta examensarbete har som mål att undersöka möjligheterna för SAAB AB att börja använda sig av syntetiska mätinstrument i sina testsystem. Anledningen till detta är att SAAB AB vill minska kostnaderna och riskerna för obsolescens som finns när testsystem är i drift i flera decennier. Detta har inneburit att marknaden har sonderats efter lämplig hårdvara och mjukvara för tillämpningen. Förutom detta har mjukvara tagits fram i LabVIEW och syntetiska instrument skapats med hjälp av IVI-drivrutiner. Som hårdvara användes PXI-instrument (vågformsgenerator och digitizer) med tillhörande chassi och fiberoptisk länk från National Instruments. De framtagna instrumenten har jämförts med vanliga reella instrument och visat sig fungera väl, men även fördelar och nackdelar belyses samt teori kring hur syntetiska instrument fungerar. Examensarbetet är endast en introduktion i ämnet och kräver ytterligare arbete innan det är praktiskt genomförbart. Förutom detta ges även förslag på lämplig hårdvara och vidareutveckling baserat på hur testsystemen ser ut i dag, och förslag på hur lageruppbyggnaden skulle kunna lösas.

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Price, Tabitha. "Instrument Sharpening". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2534.

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Ramos, Vera Santos. "Estudo preliminar do Parental Bonding Instrument: Adaptação de um instrumento de medida". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/833.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia da Gravidez e da Parentalidade
O conceito de Ligação entendido como um conjunto específico de estados mentais e recursos comportamentais direccionados para o cuidado da criança terá a função de garantir a manutenção da proximidade física e psicológica, possibilitando assim a sua sobrevivência e desenvolvimento. Deste modo, a Vinculação que se desenvolve durante os primeiros anos de imaturidade - infância, latência e adolescência — está profundamente correlacionado com o tipo de Ligação (Bonding) parental que é estabelecido pelo prestador de cuidados. Quer isto dizer que, a maneira como os prestadores de cuidados se ligam aos filhos e o modo como os tratam, no que respeita ao cuidado e à protecção prestada, não só condiciona o desenvolvimento social como também o desenvolvimento psicológico constituindo um aspecto caracterizador do funcionamento psíquico ao longo da vida Tomando como referencia de base a teoria da vinculação, procura-se na presente investigação desenvolver um estudo preliminar de adaptação do Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), construído por Parker, Tupling e Brown (1979), por recurso à análise factorial exploratória, que tem por objectivo descrever a correlação observada entre as variáveis originais para estimar quais as características comuns que ligam os factores latentes às variáveis, ou seja, explorar quais os factores emergentes e o modo como se correlacionam na amostra em estudo. Pretende-se também descrever e explorar qual a percepção da maioria dos inquiridos relativamente ao estilo de ligação emocional estabelecido no decurso dos primeiros 16 anos de vida, com ambas as figuras parentais e deste modo verificar qual o padrão de ligação parental dominante na amostra em estudo. Para tal efeito, foi constituída uma amostra por conveniência de 151 participantes de ambos os sexos com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 67 anos, sendo a média de idade de 39 anos. Este questionário, desenhado com o propósito de criar uma pequena escala auto -administrada aplicada a participantes com idade superior ou igual a 16 anos, está organizado segundo duas dimensões de avaliação das características parentais, sendo estas: o Cuidar [«Care»] e a Hiper-Protecção [«Overprotection»], que determinam a qualidade da ligação afectiva entre país e filhos. Esta avaliação é feita separadamente para cada uma das figuras parentais através da sub-escala materna e paterna da qual fazem parte 25 itens cada. A recolha dos dados empíricos efectuou-se nas infra-estruturas de instituições e empresas públicas e privadas que, após o consentimento inicial, autorizaram o contacto com os respectivos participantes, que ocorreu durante os meses de Janeiro a Novembro de 2006. As sessões de aplicação tinham uma duração média de 12 minutos e ficaram ao cuidado de um mesmo técnico. Em resposta ao primeiro objectivo, verifica-se que os resultados obtidos a partir da análise factorial exploratória (com rotação varimax) efectuada ao Parental Bonding Instrument, permitiram-nos construir uma escala cuja característica de validade aponta para um coeficiente elevado, indicador de pertinência do instrumento (o Alfa de Cronbach para a totalidade da escala foi de 0.81). De acordo com as possibilidades apresentadas, a partir da análise da variância explicada foi possível extrair cinco factores ou dimensões para a sub-escala referente à mãe e três factores ou dimensões para a sub-escala relativa ao pai. No que respeita ao segundo objectivo, observa-se que maioria dos inquiridos percepciona, quer a mãe quer o pai, como tendo sido afectivos e empáticos nos cuidados prestados, ao mesmo tempo que incentivavam os seus comportamentos de autonomia. Seguida de uma percentagem significativa de inquiridos, que percepcionava a ligação estabelecida, com ambos os pais, como tendo sido afectuosa e próxima, embora associada a uma elevada hiper-protecção, entendida esta última pela assunção de uma menor autonomia nos primeiros dezasseis anos de vida. Em conclusão, podemos dizer que o modo como a maioria dos participantes percepciona as duas dimensões - Cuidar e Protecção - que caracterizam o tipo de ligação afectiva, segundo definido por Parker, Tupling. e Brown (1979), estabelecida com as figuras materna e paterna parece inscrever-se num mesmo quadrante denominado de «Parentalidade Óptima», seguido de um estilo de parentalidade do tipo «Constrangimento Afectivo». Por último, dada a escassez de instrumentos psicológicos adaptados, percebemos que esta escala poderá constituir uma mais valia, não só ao nível da investigação empírica mas também no contexto da avaliação psicológica.

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Mallard, Alexandre. "Les instruments dans la coordination de l'action : pratique technique, métrologie, instrument scientifique". Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0601.

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Les instruments sous toutes leurs formes (instruments de mesure, dispositifs optiques, outils techniques usuels. . . ) participent à la définition et à la coordination des pratiques. L'objet de la thèse est de mettre en relation trois aspects associés à la coordination par les instruments : les pratiques d'utilisation, les formes d'action qui y sont associées et les réseaux technico-économiques dans lesquels ils circulent. L'interrogation se situe au croisement de plusieurs disciplines des sciences sociales : sociologie des sciences, sciences cognitives, pragmatique des régimes d'ajustement, psychologie, ethnologie des techniques, sociologie de l'innovation. La première partie de la thèse étudie différentes modalités de la coordination correspondant à des instruments de forme différente. Elle s'appuie sur une étude realisee dans le secteur de la réparation automobile, qui articule deux enquêtes complémentaires : une ethnographie des pratiques techniques au garage met en évidence les diverses formes de compétence impliquées dans l'utilisation des instrument (perception, rôle du corps dans l'action, cognition, compétences sociales, savoir-faire …). Une analyse des réseaux industriels de la réparation automobile montre que les instruments participent à la coordination technico-économique dans ces réseaux. La seconde partie est consacrée à l’étude des instruments de mesure. Elle montre que la métrologie constitue une modalité de coordination des pratiques d’évaluation et de contrôle. Deux terrains empiriques sont examinés : l'analyse extensive des dispositifs de métrologie légale et de normalisation d'un instrument de mesure de la pollution automobile, le suivi d'un instrument scientifique de mesure de la pollution atmosphérique, depuis sa conception dans un centre de recherche jusqu’à ses applications pratiques chez l'utilisateur final. Ce dernier cas comporte l'analyse des processus suivants : pratiques de construction et de mise au point, évaluation de prototype en laboratoire de métrologie, construction d'un réseau commercial permettant de diffuser l'appareil, inter-comparaison de plusieurs instruments mesurant les mêmes propriétés physiques
Instruments (measuring instruments, visualisation and optical devices, usual technical tools. . . ) play a role in the definition and coordination of practices. The aim of the PHD thesis is to relate three different aspects of the coordination through instruments : the practices involved in their use, the associated forms of action and the techno-economic networks of conception, distribution and use. This question is at the cross-road of different disciplines of the social sciences : sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK), cognitive science, pragmatics of the regimes of adjustments, psychology, ethnology of technology, sociology of innovation. The first part of the thesis studies the various forms of coordination associated with different kind of instruments. The inquiry focuses on car repairing activity and combines two complementary approaches : an ethnographical approach of the technical practices in a garage investigates the various form of competences involved in the use of instruments (perception, bodily knowledge, cognition, social abilities, know how …), an analysis of the industrial networks of car repairing shows that instruments take part actively in the techno-economic coordination of these networks. The second part of the thesis is centered on measuring instruments. It shows that metrology is a modality of coordination of the practices of assessment and control. The inquiry bears on two fieldworks : the extensive analysis of the systems of legal metrology and standardisation of an instrument of car pollution measurement, the study of a scientific instrument of atmospheric pollution measurement, from its conception in a research center up to its final practical use. This study tackles the following stages : construction and settling of an instrument in a scientific laboratory, assessment of prototype in metrology laboratory, construction of a commercial network for the diffusion of the product, intercomparison of several similar instruments

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Vokalek, George. "The Generalised Instrument /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENS/09ensv898.pdf.

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ALMEIDA, LUCIANA ALVES DE. "METROLOGY: CITIZENSHIP INSTRUMENT". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4004@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Metrologia: instrumento de cidadania configura um traçado crítico do estágio atual (1) da legislação brasileira vigente em metrologia e suas áreas correlatas e (2) do sistema educacional brasileiro em metrologia, ambas as temáticas entendidas como efetivos instrumentos orientados para o desenvolvimento da competitividade industrial e a consolidação da cidadania. O trabalho tem sua fundamentação no ideário filosófico contemporâneo, que volta a eleger o Homem e a qualidade de vida parâmetros e diferenciais competitivos nos processos de desenvolvimento lato sensu, quer econômico, quer social, político ou industrial. Na primeira vertente do trabalho, que trata da legislação em metrologia,determinou-se um corpus analítico que engloba (i) a Constituição Federal da República - a - Constituição cidadã -; (ii) o Código de Proteção e Defesa do Consumidor e (iii) o acervo da regulamentação técnica em metrologia, correlacionando-a com fatos marcantes da vida política e econômica do País. No que concerne a vertente da pesquisa que analisa a evolução do sistema educacional, são considerados aspectos críticos da pioneira experiência brasileira voltada à capacitação e à formação de profissionais em metrologia no País, em destaqu e: (i) programas e projetos de indução e consolidação da metrologia como instrumento assegurador da cidadania; (ii) o percurso evolutivo da educação formal em metrologia no contexto do sistema educacional brasileiro na conjuntura da consolidação da pósgraduação no País e (iii) de suas políticas industrial e de ciência e tecnologia.No contexto dessa ampla análise, focalizam-se os principais marcos de desenvolvimento industrial, impactos na competitividade e na construção da cidadania.Como conclusão, encaminham-se reflexões e proposições para a institucionalização das competências vigentes, para a congregação dos espaços congêneres e para o planejamento de metas de médio e longo prazo que assegurem o processo continuado de desenvolvimento da metrologia como agente desse processo global de transformação e de formação de cidadania.
Metrology: an instrument for citizenship aims at reviewing the present stage (1) of the Brazilian legislation on metrology and its correlated areas and (2) of the Brazilian education system in metrology, both matters understood as effective instruments that addresses the development of the industrial competitiveness and the consolidation of citizenship in the country. The work is based on contemporary philosophical concepts that have once more elected Man and the quality of life as a parameter and a competitive differential in the developmental processes as a whole, whether they are of economic, social, political or industrial nature. Regarding the legislative content of the work, the corpus of the analysis proposes to encompass (i) the Federal Constitution of the Republic - the - Citizen Constitution -; (ii)the Consumer, Protection and Defense Code; (iii) the body of technical Metrology regulations, inter-correlating this specific legislation with remarkable political and economic al facts of the Brazilian History. With respect to the evolution of the Brazilian education system, critical aspects of the pioneer Brazilian experience devoted to the development of human resources in metrology and metrology-related areas are considered. The analysis also focus on (i)programs and projects for the induction and consolidation of metrology as an instrument that ensures citizenship; (ii) the course along which formal education in metrology has evolved in the context of the Brazilian educational system in view of the consolidation of the postgraduate courses in the Country and (iii) of its industrial and science and technology policies. Within this broad analysis, the major landmarks of industrial development and their impact on industrial competitiveness and on the construction of citizenship have been focused. In the conclusion, a few reflections have been put forward along with proposals to institutionalize the powers and responsibilities that are currently in force, to congregate correlated spaces, and to plan medium and long-term goals for the purpose of ensuring a continuous process for the development of metrology as an agent of this ongoing process of global change.

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Mercure, Peter Kip. "The oscillogenic instrument". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71263.

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A generalized chemical oscillator has been invented consisting of input and output interfaces to a chemical system, with the appropriate feedback external to the chemical system such that the system oscillates. The oscillation frequency can be made a function of concentration, reaction kinetics, transport phenomena, and other physical properties. The idea was reduced to practice with an electronic system coupled to an electrochemical system, and gave a frequency output linear with concentration for a number of ions in solution. A general mathematical model of the electrochemical system was devised and programmed in FORTRAN on a digital computer, and a mathematical model of the oscillogenic instrument was used to conceptually test the idea. The use of recursive parameter estimation was also considered for this instrument.
Ph. D.

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Goldbach, Eliese. "The Stripping Instrument". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1493823929036635.

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Chen, Amy. "Oceanographic Instrument Simulator". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1585.

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The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) established the Free Ocean Carbon Enrichment (FOCE) experiment to study the long-term effects of decreased ocean pH levels by developing in-situ platforms [1]. Deep FOCE (dpFOCE) was the first platform, which was deployed in 950 meters of water in Monterey Bay. After the conclusion of dpFOCE, MBARI developed an open source shallow water FOCE (swFOCE) platform located at around 250 meter of water to facilitate worldwide shallow water experiments on FOCE [1][2]. A shallow water platform can be more ubiquitous than a deep-water platform as shallow water instruments are less expensive (as it does not have to be designed to withstand the pressure at deep ocean depths) and more easily deployed (they can be deployed right along the coast). The swFOCE experiment is an open source platform, and MBARI has made the plans available online to anyone interested in studying shallow water carbon enrichment. There is a gateway node what is connected to four sensor nodes within the swFOCE. In order to test the sensor node individually, an idea of designing an Oceanographic Instrument Simulator is purposed. The Oceanographic instrument simulator (OIS), described in this paper provides the means for MBARI engineers to test the swFOCE platform without attaching the numerous and expensive oceanographic instruments. The Oceanographic Instrument Simulator simulates the various scientific instruments that could be deployed in an actual experiment. The Oceanographic Instrument Simulator (OIS) system includes the designed circuit board, Arduino Due and an SD Card shield. The designed circuit board will be connected to a computer through a USB cable, and be connected to MBARI’s swFOCE sensor node through a serial connection. When a query is given from the sensor node, the Arduino Due will parse the data given from the sensor node, search through the pre-installed data in the SD card and return the appropriate data back to the sensor node. A user can also manually set up the input current through a computer terminal window to control the simulated signals from the PCB.

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Barrie, Jenifer. "Next generation of atraumatic laparoscopic instruments through analysis of the instrument-tissue interface". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16210/.

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Mechanically induced (or iatrogenic) bowel injury from the use of laparoscopic instruments can result in devastating effects on patient outcomes both during and after surgery. The aim of this work was to investigate exactly how colonic tissue behaves both mechanically and structurally when it is subjected to a mechanical load. Analysis of force application in laparoscopic surgery is critical to understanding the nature of the instrument-tissue interaction. The development of a novel method of both histological analysis and mechanical analysis (by which the tool-tissue interaction can be characterised) has evolved through this thesis. Mechanical and histological analysis was undertaken to quantify the instrument-tissue interaction in laparoscopic surgery. This was done in both ex vivo and in vivo experiments, using an indentation method and laparoscopic instrument respectively, in porcine tissue. Mechanical stress was applied to the colon by indentation applied using the Modular Universal Surface Tester (MUST) (FalexTM Tribology USA) in ex vivo experiments to mechanically characterise the response of tissue to mechanical loading. Histological analysis was performed to examine the architecture of the tissue after loading. In vivo analysis of colon grasping was then performed to characterise grasper damage both mechanically and histologically. A mechanical measure of energy input into the tissue has been linked to consistent histological damage, above a 50 N grasping force and a loading input of 300 N.s This work has successfully identified specific loading conditions that result in tissue injury and is the first to make a link between the mechanical analyses of tissue manipulation with change to the architecture of the tissue.

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Connor, William Klugh. "Constructing musical associations through instruments : the role of the instrument maker in the maker-instrument-player network within the neo-medievalist gothic music scene". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588506.

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Many studies of musical instruments have shown the ways in which instruments embody and negotiate cultural and social significance and meaning, but little of this work has focused on the makers of those instruments. According to Alfred Gell, artisans infuse "intentionalities" into their wares that embody the agency of the artisan. In this thesis, I address the agency of makers of musical instruments to gain a better understanding of the roles they play in defining how instruments acquire their social and cultural meanings. These meanings are constantly in flux and, in turn, inform the maker's decisions and assist in formulating a maker's role within a musical community. Makers interact with community members primarily through the construction of their instruments as part of what I have called a Maker-Instrument-Player network. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, I outline some of the ways in which musical instruments afford associations and engender exchanges within a musical community, and I unpack the complexities of the maker's role. Based on ethnographic case studies which feature contemporary builders of early music instruments and performers of neo-Medievalist Gothic music with whom they interact, I examine the agency and impact of instrument makers on musical processes. This includes analysis of playing techniques, concepts of authenticity and historical accuracy, perceptions of modernity and tradition, sensibilities of craftsmanship, the economics and marketing involved, and the physical attributes of the instruments themselves.

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Wun, Cheuk-Wai. "Evaluation of wavetable generation methods for musical instrument matching /". View abstract or full-text, 2005. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202005%20WUN.

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Souri, Davood. "Theoretical and Applied Essays on the Instrumental Variable Method". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28765.

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This dissertation is intended to provide a statistical foundation for the IV models and shed lights on a number of issues related to the IV method. The first chapter shows that the theoretical Instrumental Variable model can be derived by reparameterization of a well-specified statistical model defined on the joint distribution of the involved random variables as the actual (local) data generation process. This reveals the covariance structure of the error terms of the usual theory-driven instrumental variable model. The revealed covariance structure of the IV model have important implications, particularly, for designing simulation studies. Monte Carlo simulations are used to reexamine the Nelson and Startz (1990a) findings regarding the performance of IV estimators when the instruments are weak. The results from the simulation exercises indicate that the sampling distribution of ^Î _IV is concentrated around ^Î _OLS. The second chapter considers the underlying joint distribution function of the instrumental variable (IV) model and presents an alternative definition for the exogenous and relevant instruments. The paper extracts a system of independent and orthogonal equations that covers up a non-orthogonal structural model and argues that the estimated IV regression is well-specified if the underlying system of equations is well-specified. It proposes a new instrument relevancy measure that does not suffer from the first-stage R² deficiencies. Third chapter argues the application of the IV method in estimation of models with omitted variable. The paper considers the implicit parametrization of statistical models and presents five conditions for an appropriate instruments. Two of them are empirically measurable and can be tested. This improves the literature by adding one more objective criterion for the selection of instruments. This chapter applies the IV method to estimate the rate of return to education in Iran. It argues that the education of two cohorts of Iranians was delayed or cut short by the Cultural Revolution. Therefore, the Cultural Revolution, as an exogenous shock to the supply of education, establishes the year of birth as the exogenous and relevant instrument for education. Using the standard Mincerian earnings function with control for experience, ethnicity, location of residence and sector of employment, the instrumental variable estimate of the return to schooling is equal to 5.6%. The estimation results indicate that the Iranian labor market values degrees more than years of schooling.
Ph. D.

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Zijl, Nicolas van. "Produktionsplanungs-Instrument für Spinnereibetriebe /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10931.

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Åkesson, Ingrid. "Med rösten som instrument". Stockholm Svenskt visarkiv, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&docl̲ibrary=BVB01&docn̲umber=016755088&linen̲umber=0001&funcc̲ode=DBR̲ECORDS&servicet̲ype=MEDIA.

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Rosö, Kaj. "Underrättelsebataljonen - ett mångsidigt instrument". Thesis, Swedish National Defence College, Swedish National Defence College, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-71.

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Begreppet tempo har en central roll i dagens manöverkrigföring. En av förutsättningarna för ett högt tempo är underrättelser som ger chefer erforderligt beslutsunderlag.

De förband och chefer som nyttjar manöverteorin i sin krigföring strävar ständigt att utveckla sin förmåga till väpnad strid enligt manöverteorin. Denna utveckling har exemplifierats i de båda Irakkrigen av den amerikanska armén. Men vad innebär manöverkrigföringens utveckling för underrättelseförbanden? Vilka krav ställer egentligen manövertänkande på inhämtningsförmågan?

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och identifiera en del av de krav som manöverkrigföring ställer på underrättelseinhämtningen. Detta för att kunna belysa om det finns ett utvecklingsbehov inom ramen för underrättelsebataljonen.

Denna uppsats är en komparativ studie. Den bygger på kvalitativ textanalys samt en analys av underrättelsebataljonens inhämtningsförmåga följt av en komparation av dessa två analyser.

Resultatet visar att det är breda och komplicerade krav som manövertänkande ställer på inhämtningsförmågan. Förmågan att bidra till den gemensamma lägesbilden och egna förbands omvärldsuppfattning utpekas som en särskilt viktig förmåga.

The concept of tempo has a central role in today's manoeuvre warfare. One of the preconditions for a high tempo is intelligence that gives leaders the necessary information for decision-making.

Units and leaders that use the manoeuvre theory in their warfare strives constantly to develop their ability to conduct armed combat according to the manoeuvre theory. This development has been illustrated in the two wars in Iraq, conducted by the American army. But what does the development of manoeuvre warfare really mean for the surveillance units? Which requirements do manoeuvre thinking actually sets on the ability to collect intelligence?

The overall aim of the thesis is to examine and to identify a part of the requirements that manoeuvre warfare sets on the ability to collect intelligence. In order to shed some light on whether there is a need for development within the underrättelsebataljonen.

This thesis is a comparative study. It is based on qualitative text analysis and an analysis of the underrättelsebataljonens ability to collect intelligence. Finally, a komparation of these two analyses are presented.

The result indicates that manoeuvre thinking sets many complicated requirements at the ability to collect intelligence. The ability to contribute to the situation picture and the surrounding world view are an important ability that stands out as vital.

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Wiktorsson, Elin. "Nile : Instrument för cellprovtagning". Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Communication and Design, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-2206.

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Syftet med min uppsats är att redogöra den process jag gått igenom för mitt examensarbete. Projektets målsättning är att utveckla och designa ett pennliknande, lätt instrument som möjliggör cellprovtagning med en hög grad av

"fingertoppskänsla".

Jag har ritat på en ny form av instrument att ersätta det som idag används vid bland annat provtagning av eventuella cancertumörer.

Under vägen har alla möjliga lösningar diskuterats, allt från en utseendemässig förändring till att ersätta hela instrumentet i form och användningsmetod. Frågor har cirkulerat kring om instrumentet bör vara mekaniskt, tekniskt eller liksom nu drivas av enbart handkraft.

Största delen av min research har bestått i att vara med under undersökningar och att göra användartester. Uppsatsen går igenom stegen för min process till slutresultatet, de val jag dragits mellan och hur jag kommit fram till lösningar för att slutligen leda fram till mitt resultat; "NILE instrumentet".

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Ewaldsson, Fredrik. "Gestaltning : - organistens viktigaste instrument". Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för klassisk musik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-1377.

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Moody, Niall. "Ashitaka : an audiovisual instrument". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1217/.

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This thesis looks at how sound and visuals may be linked in a musical instrument, with a view to creating such an instrument. Though it appears to be an area of significant interest, at the time of writing there is very little existing - written, or theoretical - research available in this domain. Therefore, based on Michel Chion’s notion of synchresis in film, the concept of a fused, inseparable audiovisual material is presented. The thesis then looks at how such a material may be created and manipulated in a performance situation. A software environment named Heilan was developed in order to provide a base for experimenting with different approaches to the creation of audiovisual instruments. The software and a number of experimental instruments are discussed prior to a discussion and evaluation of the final ‘Ashitaka’ instrument. This instrument represents the culmination of the work carried out for this thesis, and is intended as a first step in identifying the issues and complications involved in the creation of such an instrument.

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Barnaby, T. K. "The virtual instrument workstation". Thesis, Swansea University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636039.

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This thesis introduces a new approach to the design of bench-top instrument systems, the Virtual Instrument Workstation (VIW). The VIW sets out to produce a much more flexible, modular instrumentation system than conventional designs, and one which is also cost effective. The main thrust of the work is to break down conventional instrument systems into clearly defined hardware and software modules that can then be shared concurrently among a number of Virtual Instruments (VIs). The use of a touch sensitive, window managed, software driven CRT display is central to the concept. This allows the high level of user interaction with the system and multiple VIs to be accomplished with an easy-to-understand front-panel. A special Instrument Bus system is defined to allow the easy production of instrument modules for use in the system. The communications between the instrument modules is unified, such that all data can be passed between all modules. VISYS, a real-time multi-tasking, operating system is developed to provide a software environment for the VIW. This system is UNIX based and, has many real-time extensions. The VIW described has the ability to perform the operation of several separate instruments simultaneously. The range presented in the work includes a Signal Generator, a Digital Multi-Meter, an Oscilloscope and a Component Meter. Both the hardware and software aspects of the VIW are presented in detail.

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Yang, yi fan, i ye Tang. "Instrument for respiration instruction". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-20164.

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In this project, we use a computer to sense, extract features from the signal,synthesize and control a graphical ball. Our aim is to control children respirationby software, displaying a small ball in a screen. When the child breathes on themicrophone, the ball moves in the display so the doctor will have time/possibilityto listen to the lung with a stethoscope.We used Action Script3.0 to write our project codes. The resulting software isexecuted in (Adobe Inc.trademark software environment) Flash.

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Mazal, Ctibor. "LabVIEW instrument control toolbox". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221273.

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This diploma thesis is containing the description of the LabVIEW Instrument Control Toolbox project. Initial preparations like the development environment choosing process, as well as the instrument driver layer choice are present along with the project requirements. A signal approach to the instrument control is defined and described in detail. This thesis also contains the main project development in The National Instruments LabVIEW and at the end, a detailed description and user guidance for each developed and fully integrated toolbox module.

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Grottenthaler, Catherine Irene. "Building as an Instrument". VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/671.

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The proposal of this thesis project is an exploration of the relationship between music and the built space. The space chosen for design is the first two floors of the Lady Byrd Hat factory located at 140 Virginia St. in the Shockoe Slip area of Richmond, VA. This project proposes the design of the building for the purposes of a music center that will benefit the community by providing music therapy, music and vocal classes, a performance space, and a café. It is to be used as an instrument for communication, health, and education. The main users of the space are music educators, music therapists, music ensembles, students, patients, and audience members of performances. I began by studying the history of the building, evaluating the site, and studying the architecture of the building. I conducted a series of conditional studies based on the architecture of the building to analyze the form. I evaluated the structure, symmetry/ balance, geometry, entrances, levels, stairs, ramps, angles, and circulation of the building. Then I studied the building according to light/ dark, public/ private, loud/ quiet, warm/ cool, large space/ small space. Creating a series of concept models helped me to understand the building with its strong dissection of columns, circulation, usable areas, rhythm, and repetition. The development of a program for users' needs, square footage, and special design considerations for each area led to a series of floor plans. I then began arranging the usable areas within the building according to each areas design needs. After a study of musical instruments, I began conceptual drawings of the space. The design of the space evokes imagery of the built forms of instruments and the details they hold.

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Normark, Carl Jörgen. "Towards optimized instrument panels /". Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2009. http://pure.ltu.se/ws/fbspretrieve/2740281.

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Bratt, Annika. "Modifiering av ett generiskt postoperativt instrument till ett instrument speciellt inriktat mot kranskärlsoperation". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24736.

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Syfte och mål: Syftet var att modifiera och utvidga det generiska instrumentet”Postoperative Recovery Profile” (PRP) för att utvärdera återhämtningen efterkranskärlsoperationer (Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)).Bakgrund: Efter en kranskärlsoperation riskerar patienterna att drabbas av enmängd olika postoperativa symtom. Goda kunskaper om återhämtningsprocessen ären förutsättning för god omvårdnad. Vi kunde inte finna något procedurspecifiktinstrument för utvärdering av de postoperativa symtomens omfattning ochvaraktighet efter denna typ av operation.Design: För att utveckla ett procedur-specifikt instrument i form av ett frågeformuläranvändes en kvantitativ design.Metod: Det generiska instrumentet PRP innehållande 19 punkter, modifierades ochutökades med procedur-specifika symptom som identifierades genom enlitteraturöversikt. Innehållsvalideringen genomfördes med sjukvårdspersonal (n = 15),inneliggande patienter (n = 12) och polikliniska patienter (n = 4). En provomgånggenomfördes med inneliggande patienter (n = 10). Reliabilitets-utvärderingengenomfördes med ett test-retest med inneliggande patienter (n = 24).Resultat: I litteraturstudien identifierades 18 procedur-specifika symtom som ladestill PRP. Endast 3 av de 35 punkterna i det modifierade och förlängda PRP-CABGuppnådde ett acceptabelt validitets-index (> 0,78). Samtliga 35 punkter iprovomgången rapporterades av minst två patienter. Frågeformuläret tog 4-9 minuteratt fylla i och ansågs lätt att använda. I reliabilitets-testet bedömdes 25 av de 35punkterna tillfredsställande stabila (> 70 %).Slutsatser: Det nya instrumentet visade lovande resultat, men innehållsvalideringsindexvar lågt. Det behöver valideras och testas ytterligare innan det kan användas iklinisk praxis.Relevans för klinisk praxis: Den kunskap som ett procedurspecifikt instrument kangenerera kan användas för att utvärdera postoperativ återhämtning över tid samtvägleda sjuksköterskor att ge optimal patientcentrerad vård och hjälpa dem attutvärdera omvårdnadsåtgärder.

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Varsányi, András. "Gong ageng : Herstellung, Klang und Gestalt eines königlichen Instrumentes des Ostens /". Tutzing : H. Schneider, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37121548j.

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Wilder, Thomas. "Patina and the role of nostalgia in the field of stringed instrument cultural production". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100219.

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In this paper, the evocative nature of patina on stringed instruments is linked to the four agents of transformation that create it. These correspond to four nostalgic values: nostalgic reflection on the passage of time; nostalgia inspired by use; nostalgia for craftsmanship and pastoral nostalgia. Actors in the subfield of restricted cultural production of stringed instruments invoke one or more of these nostalgic values explicitly as a means to rationalize their actions to competing actors and to the broader public in their battle for status. Patina offers visible proof of their claims. Actors in the subfield of large-scale cultural production do not appeal to specific nostalgic values. Rather, they partake of the nostalgic aura surrounding antique instruments by "pasting" artificial patina onto their instruments. This serves to validate the idea of nostalgia. It also lays bare tensions existing in the broader field of cultural production over questions concerning the past and present.

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Kuhn, Herbert. "Rechnergestütztes Instrument zur betrieblichen Energieoptimierung". [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963428136.

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Fredriksson, Mathias. "Finansiella instrument: Värderingskonceptet verkligt värde". Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5133.

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Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att kartlägga de värderingsmetoder som används för att fastställa verkligt värde på finansiella instrument och också granska hur dessa metoder redovisas. Därtill syftar uppsatsen till att diskutera problematiken för värderingskonceptet verkligt värde. Detta görs i två delar, utifrån standardsättarnas perspektiv och de finansiella institutens. Därefter utreds förbättringar inom konceptet som baseras på de två tidigare delarna.

Metod: Uppsatsens undersökning utfördes via en fallstudie som baserades på kvalitativ data. Data inhämtade från två separata områden, tre redovisningsstandarder (SFAS 157, IAS 39 och IFRS 7) och årsredovisningar från 2007, hämtade från de tio största finansiella instituten (baserat på balansomslutning) ifrån USA respektive Europa.

Resultat & slutsats: Undersökningen visade att rekommendationerna kring vilka värderingsmetoder som ska tillämpas är likvärdiga från de båda standardsättarna; prisnoteringar och värderingsmodeller, men inte toleransen kring värderingsmodeller, där FASB är mer tillmötesgående än vad IASB är. Vidare demonstrerar alla finansiella institut en relativt bra konsensus för hur verkligt värde implementeras jämfört med rekommendationerna. Emellertid finns det tydliga skillnader i de underliggande teknikerna för de två huvudmetoderna, framförallt med värderingsunderlaget (vilka inputs som nyttjas) när simuleringar används och i vilken omfattning dessa redovisas. Följaktligen mynnar ovannämnda resultat ut i att det finns utrymmen för förbättringar för värderingskonceptet verkligt värde, eftersom bolagens implementering inte är i linje med ramverkens syfte med finansiella rapporter.

Förslag till fortsattforskning: En undersökning bör göras om hur värderingsmodeller kan erhålla en lämplig trovärdighet inom redovisningen

Uppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen bidrar till att öka förståelsen för verkligt värde som värderingskoncept och dess metoder för att värdera finansiella instruments samt problematiken med det. Dessutom har förståelse etablerats för vilka försvårande omständigheter nya instrument medför när de ska värderas till verkligt värde.

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Ribbenhed, Niklas, i Andreas Gidlund. "Affärsplanen : Tillämpning av finansiella instrument". Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-341.

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Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda vilka finansiella instrument som används i affärsplaner framtagna av nya företag i uppstartsskedet.

Litteratur om affärsplaner har studerats för att utreda vilka som är de vanligaste finansiella instrumenten som förekommer. En kvantitativ prövning har utförts för att studera vilka finansiella instrument som används i praktiken, hur vanligt förekommande de är, för vilka tidsperspektiv de redovisas samt hur många finansiella instrument som tas upp i respektive affärsplaner. Prövningen har utförts genom att en befintlig volym med affärsplaner har stu-derats och samtliga finansiella instrument registrerats. Resultatet har i sin tur analyserats och presenterats textuellt och i form av grafer.

De finansiella instrument som enligt tidigare forskning bör finnas med i en affärsplan är resultaträkning, balansräkning, kassaflödesanalys och breakeven-analys. Dessa fyra instrument har klassificerats som finansiella huvudinstrument. I den empiriska undersökningen påträffades förutom ovanstående instrument försäljningsprognos, kapitalbehov, kostnadsprognos, löneprognos nyckeltal, portfolio analysis model, prissättning, uppstartskostnader och återbetalningsplan. Dessa instrument är klassificerade som övriga finansiella instrument.

I genomsnitt används 4,1 instrument i respektive affärsplan. Standardavvikelsen är 2,9, vil-ket innebär att det är en stor spridning på antalet instrument. Drygt två tredjedelar (37%) av affärsplanerna innehåller två eller färre instrument medan knappt en fjärdedel (23%) av affärsplanerna innehåller åtta eller fler instrument. Undersökningen visar att det är en stor andel som har få respektive många finansiella instrument i affärsplanen, vilket är ett tecken på en fokusdifferens. Fokusdifferensen innebär att en stor del av urvalet har en väl genom-arbetad finansiell planering i affärsplanen och en stor del inte har det.

Knappt tre fjärdedelar (72%) av affärsplanerna innehåller minst ett finansiellt huvudinstrument, vilket innebär att mer än en fjärdedel (28%) inte innehåller något finansiellt huvudinstrument överhuvudtaget. Bland de fyra vanligaste instrumenten återfinns tre huvudinstrument: resultaträkning (70%), balansräkning (52%) och kassaflödesanalys (48%). Det fjärde huvudinstrumentet, breakeven-analys, förekommer med en frekvens på 30%, vilket innebär att det är det sjunde vanligaste instrumentet. Trenden visar att huvudinstrumenten förekommer på den övre halvan i diagrammet över mest förekommande instrument och de övriga instrumenten förekommer på den nedre halvan. Endast två instrument används i fler än hälften av affärsplanerna.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate which financial instruments are used in business plans developed by new companies in the start-up phase.

Appropriate literature has been reviewed to study which financial instruments occur most frequently. A quantitative study has been carried out to examine which financial instruments are being used in practise, how often they occur, what time perspective they present and with what frequency they occur in each business plan. The study has been performed by registering financial instruments in business plans. The chosen objects for the study have been found in an existing volume of business plans.

The financial instruments which, according to the literature, should be used in a business plan are income statement, balance sheet, cash flow analysis and breakeven analysis. These four instrument have been classified as main financial instruments. All the main financial in-struments were found in the empirical study, but the financial instruments sales forecast, funding needs, expenditure forecast, personnel plan, business ratios, portfolio analysis model, pricing strategy, start-up costs and reimbursement plan were also found. These in-strument are classified as other financial instruments.

On average 4,1 financial instruments are used in each business plan. The standard deviation is 2,9, which means the number of financial instruments is widely spread. More than two thirds (37%) of the business plans contain two or less financial instruments while less than one fourth (23%) of the business plans contain eight or more financial instruments. The study shows there is a large portion of the business plans that contain either few or many financial instruments. This is a sign of difference in focus from the business plan writers. The difference means that a large extent of the business plans has a well developed finan-cial planning and a large extent has not.

Less than three thirds (72%) of the business plans contain at least one main financial in-strument, which means that more than one fourth (28%) does not contain any of them. Among the four most common financial instruments in the practice, three are main instruments: income statement (70%), balance sheet (52%) and cash flow analysis (48%). The fourth main instrument, break even analysis, occurs with the frequency 30%, which means it is the seventh most used instrument in business plans. The trend shows that the main instruments occur in the upper half of the diagram and the other instruments occur in the lower half. Only two instruments are used in more than half of the business plans, income statement and balance sheet.

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Balderjahn, Ingo. "Marketing : Philosophie, Methode oder Instrument?" Universität Potsdam, 1994. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/922/.

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Runkvist, Ann-Christin, i Ann-Kristin Lyman. "Standardvårdplan ett instrument i palliativvård". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3989.

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Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva hur standardvårdplaner, kan vara ett instrument som förbättrar omvårdnadskvalitén för patienter och närstående i sen palliativ fas.Artiklarna söktes via Högskolan Dalarnas bibliotek och Falu lasaretts bibliotek. Artiklar från andra referenser ingår också i studien. Totalt har 17 artiklar använts i resultatredovisningen. Resultatet visar att efter införandet av standardvårdplan förbättrades följande områden; symtomkontrollen, anhörigstöd efter dödsfallet, kommunikation, omvårdnadens standard och evidens. Fokus lades på att prioritera viktiga omvårdnadsåtgärder och det visar sig att standardvårdplanen Integrated Care Pathway (ICP) är ett användbart pedagogiskt instrument vid kvalitetsförbättringar i palliativvård. Negativa synpunkter som framkom var att standardvårdplaner är ett oflexibelt, pappersorienterat, generaliserande instrument och outvecklat för andra diagnoser än cancer.

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Pelletier, Emile. "Instrument de-synthesis using wavelets". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27008.

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Our point of departure is the concept of 'additive synthesis', which is the traditional explanation for the individual of 'timbre' or 'colour' of the sound of the various musical instruments. When an instrument sounds a note, one hears the note as if by itself, but this is not what is physically happening. What is in fact occurring is a complex waveform featuring a collection of harmonic frequencies, referred to as the spectrum. A synthesizer attempts to imitate the sound of a particular instrument by replicating the amplitudes of its harmonics. We use the term 'de-synthesis' to refer to the inverse procedure, computerized instrument identification. We describe an experiment that we designed and executed with M ATLAB to explore the hypothesis that a computer will be able to recognize an instrument by its characteristic timbre. The idea of applying wavelets to analyze music comes naturally since music consists of sound waves, and wavelets are wave shaped functions. We propose a mathematical model that can take certain musical instrument's attack and decay features into account that utilizes Malvar wavelets: Super Malvar wavelets. Super wavelets are superpositions of ordinary wavelets in some linear combination that can be treated as a wavelet in itself. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Gunawan, David Oon Tao Electrical Engineering &amp Telecommunications Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Musical instrument sound source separation". Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41751.

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The structured arrangement of sounds in musical pieces, results in the unique creation of complex acoustic mixtures. The analysis of these mixtures, with the objective of estimating the individual sounds which constitute them, is known as musical instrument sound source separation, and has applications in audio coding, audio restoration, music production, music information retrieval and music education. This thesis principally addresses the issues related to the separation of harmonic musical instrument sound sources in single-channel mixtures. The contributions presented in this work include novel separation methods which exploit the characteristic structure and inherent correlations of pitched sound sources; as well as an exploration of the musical timbre space, for the development of an objective distortion metric to evaluate the perceptual quality of separated sources. The separation methods presented in this work address the concordant nature of musical mixtures using a model-based paradigm. Model parameters are estimated for each source, beginning with a novel, computationally efficient algorithm for the refinement of frequency estimates of the detected harmonics. Harmonic tracks are formed, and overlapping components are resolved by exploiting spectro-temporal intra-instrument dependencies, integrating the spectral and temporal approaches which are currently employed in a mutually exclusive manner in existing systems. Subsequent to the harmonic magnitude extraction using this method, a unique, closed-loop approach to source synthesis is presented, separating sources by iteratively minimizing the aggregate error of the sources, constraining the minimization to a set of estimated parameters. The proposed methods are evaluated independently, and then are placed within the context of a source separation system, which is evaluated using objective and subjective measures. The evaluation of music source separation systems is presently limited by the simplicity of objective measures, and the extensive effort required to conduct subjective evaluations. To contribute to the development of perceptually relevant evaluations, three psychoacoustic experiments are also presented, exploring the perceptual sensitivity of timbre for the development of an objective distortion metric for timbre. The experiments investigate spectral envelope sensitivity, spectral envelope morphing and noise sensitivity.

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Groß, Steffen R. "Freizonen als Instrument evolutorischer Strukturpolitik". Bayreuth Verl. PCO, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2851446&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.

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Gross, Steffen R. "Freizonen als Instrument evolutorischer Strukturpolitik /". Bayreuth : Verl. PCO, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2851446&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Brink, Margaret. "The piano as percussion instrument /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11272.

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Clausen, Hartmut. "Rücknahmeverpflichtungen als Instrument von Abfallwirtschaftspolitik /". Münster [u.a.] : Lit-Verl, 2000. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/310371848.pdf.

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40

Johansson, Moa, i Felicia Olsson. "Instagram som instrument för marknadsföring". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-212.

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I dagens digitala samhälle har sociala medier blivit en allt mer självklar del i vardagen för många människor. Näthandeln växer för varje år som går medan den fysiska detaljhandeln går allt sämre, därför är det viktigt för den renodlade fysiska butiken att synas även på internet för att påminna kunderna om att de finns. För de företag som inte väljer att ha en webbshop är sociala medier en möjlighet att vara närvarande dygnet runt och kommunicera med sina kunder på internet. En grupp butiker som har svårt att sälja sina produkter över internet är second hand butiker, eftersom de oftast bara har ett exemplar av varje produkt. Så frågan är om man kan använda sig av sociala medier för att lyfta fram second hand butikens breda sortiment och kommunicera butikskonceptets principiella fördelar för att locka nya kunder? Och hur kan man göra detta på bästa sätt? Som metod har vi valt att genomföra en aktivt deltagande observation. Vi har under fyra veckors tid drivit Myrorna i Borås Instagramkonto. Där har vi publicerat inlägg på kontot en till fyra gånger om dagen och visat olika produkter, avdelningar i butiken, kampanjer och berättat om verksamheten. Vi har under vår undersökning tagit reda på hur snabbt man kan skapa trafik på ett Instagramkonto, om en ökad närvaro på sociala medier ökar antalet kundbesök i butiken, vilka inlägg som ger bäst respons och om antalet inlägg per dag påverkar antalet gillningar. Resultatet vi har kommit fram till är att man relativt fort kan skapa trafik via sociala medier. Följare och gillningar var det som var lättast att få medan kommentarer var lite svårare. När det kommer till ökade kundbesök anser vi att det krävs en längre undersökningsperiod då antalet skilde sig marginellt gentemot förra året. De kundbaserade inläggen och personalinläggen visade högst engagemang på kontot. I vår undersökning fick vi fram att de dagar vi la ut tre stycken inlägg gav bäst respons och det dagar vi la ut ett inlägg gav sämst respons. Det visar att fler inlägg per dag inte betyder att engagemanget minskar.
In today's digital society social media has become obvious for many people in their everyday life. Online shopping is growing while the physical stores are deteriorating. As e-commerce takes a larger space of the market, it becomes more important for the pure physical store to be seen even on the internet to remind customers that they exist. For those companies that do not choose to have an online store, social media is an opportunity to be present 24 hours a day and communicate with their customers on the Internet. Second hand stores have difficulties selling products over the internet since they usually only have one copy of each product. So the question is whether you can use social media to highlight second hand store's wide product range and communicate the store concept's principal advantages to attract new customers? And which way is the most effective to do this? The method we have chosen is an active participant observation. During four weeks we have taken care of Myrorna i Borås Instagram account. We have published posts on the account one to four times a day and have shown the various products, departments in the store, promotions, and information about the company. In our research we have investigated how quickly you can create engagement on Instagram, if an increased presence in social media increases the number of customer visits, which type of posts provide the best response and how the number of posts per day affect the number of likes. The result we have reached is that we after a short amount of time could create traffic on social media. Followers and likes, was rather easy to get while the comments were a little more difficult. When it comes to increase the customer visits in store, we think it requires a longer period of research since the number of customers were only marginally improved. The customer-based posts and staff-based posts showed maximum response on the account. We found out that the days when we uploaded three posts we got a higher engagement than the days we only uploaded one post. It shows that more posts per day do not mean fewer likes per post.

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Nascimento, Darcy. "Magnetotelluric instrument development and application". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15488.

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The magnetotelluric method (MT) has been used to study the conductivity structure of the earth. The method uses the time variations of the natural magnetic and the induced electric fields measured simultaneously at the earth's surface. The demand for new MT instrumentation has increased in the past few years. New applications require more complex sensor configurations. Characteristics like size, weight and real time data processing have become increasingly important to improve logistics and mobility, although it is becoming more and more difficult to measure electromagnetic fields without strong contamination from man-made sources. The ability to process MT results in the field is essential for a quick evaluation of the site conditions, enabling the time required to obtain a suitable amount of good quality data to be reduced. SPAM Mk-III (Short-Period Automatic Magnetotelluric) developed at The Edinburgh University introduces new concepts in terms of geophysical instrumentation. The equipment is based on a family of Transputer devices widely used in parallel processing, incorporating the recent technologies and techniques. Its modular design allows flexible network configurations. A complete description of the equipment, design concepts, features and the precautions needed in designing low-noise instrumentation are presented in this thesis. The distinctive SPAM Mk-III capabilities of multi-channel data acquisition were used in two field experiments. In the first experiment the effect of the electric dipole length on the impedance tensor was investigated. Results confirmed that the apparent resistivity and phase are quite consistent and that longer electric dipoles tended to be more susceptible to local interference. In the second experiment the rotation property of the impedance tensor was studied. The experiment reinforces the assumption that for a layered earth (1-D), the impedance tensor is independent of measuring co-ordinates. New Cu-CuSO₄ electrodes were developed for the field work. These are to operate in the frequency range of the SPAM Mk-III (0.001 Hz to 2kHz). Several electrodes were tested and the results indicate that noise and stability does not depend on the internal resistance. Also the frequency response of these electrodes show they do not present any filter effects within the range of magnetotelluric application.

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42

Enemar, Sara. "Employer branding : Ett kommunikativt instrument". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10146.

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Det blir allt mer värdefullt för företag att kommunicera ut sitt arbetsgivarvarumärke till sina medarbetare och till framtida potentiella medarbetare. Fenomenet benämns employer branding och diskuteras i de flesta branscher. Modeindustrin är, i detta sammanhang, definitivt inget undantag. Employer branding handlar om att göra ett företag till en attraktiv arbetsplats och erbjuda ett unikt värde till befintliga och framtida medarbetare. Utmaningen inom employer branding framhävs genom den omstridda konkurrensen över att finna de mest lämpade medarbetarna och behålla de rätta medarbetarna i kombination med att kommunicera sina unika förmåner för att tilltala den allt mer specialiserade kompetensen hos arbetssökande. Employer branding kan i många fall stå i relation till sociala medier, som på många och olika sätt kan tilltala den interna sfären och externa intressenter hos ett företag. Med detta som grund utvecklades studiens syfte att undersöka hur employer branding skapar en attraktiv arbetsplats genom att öka motivationen hos anställda och förmedla ett externt informationsvärde. Studien har utgått från en kvalitativ metod där fyra fallföretag har involverats för att få fram relevant information där semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med samtliga fallföretag. Fallföretagens intervjuer presenteras under resultat för att tillsammans kunna mynna ut i en analys. Det har visats att fallföretagen arbetar främst internt med sin employer branding med en levande dialog kring företagets vision och värderingar tillsammans med att erbjuda sina medarbetare utveckling, karriärmöjligheter, trivselaktiviteter och se till den enskilde individen. Detta samtidigt som de har blicken mot de externa intressenterna genom att använda sig av sina befintliga medarbetare och sociala medier för att kommunicera sina unika värden. Dock framförde samtliga fallföretag att de måste utveckla sin externa kommunikation så inte en lämpad medarbetare går vidare till ett annat företag. Sammantaget visar studien hur fyra olika svenska modeföretag resonerar kring och använder sig av det allt mer aktuella fenomenet employer branding.

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43

Draper, Natalie Caroline. "Multi-instrument magnetospheric substorm studies". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30683.

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The work presented in this thesis is intended to improve our understanding of the magnetospheric substorm process and in particular the substorm onset mechanism. Studying the timing of known substorm expansion phase onset signatures from a variety of instruments collecting data in key regions of the magnetosphere, ionosphere and on the ground allowed comparison of the events chosen to substorm onset models. Two substorm case studies are presented for intervals during which complementary data sets were available. The principal data sets came from the Fluxgate magnetometer (FGM), Plasma Electron and Current Experiment (PEACE), Cluster Ion Experiment (CIS) and Research with Adaptive Particle Imaging Detectors (RAPID) instruments on the Cluster spacecraft. It was only possible to determine the onset mechanism for one of the three substorms studied (the near-Earth neutral line model). Rapid thinning of the current sheet was detected prior to the third substorm studied. A tailward-moving travelling compression region was then detected in the magnetotail at substorm onset, and the near-Earth neutral line was located at 15 RE downtail. At onset the Region 1 current system was skewed to the pre-midnight sector, later returning to a more central location about the midnight sector. A new feature has been identified in the magnetotail and termed a magnetic cavity. This was not a singular feature; ten magnetic cavities were identified and four studied in detail. They are features located in the plasma sheet boundary layer and plasma sheet which have close to zero magnetic field and plasma characteristics similar to that of the central plasma sheet. There is evidence that magnetic cavities may be associated with the recovery phase of magnetospheric substorms.

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Ekstedt, Anders. "Pansarvärnshelikoptrar : Ett instrument för manöverkrigföring?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-2686.

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Mellan år 1987 och 2000 fanns ett beväpnat helikopterförband inom arméflyget. Dessa två pansarvärnshelikopterkompanier användes för att bekämpa stridsfordon. Efter nedläggningen har Sverige inte haft en helikopter med beväpning för annat än egenskydd. Uppsatsen syftar till att utifrån William S. Linds teori om manöverkrigföring utvärdera om pansarvärnshelikopterkompanierna framgångsrikt bidrog till att besegra motståndaren. Det framkommer att pansarvärnshelikopterkompaniernas taktik väl stämmer överrens med Linds teori vilket pekar på att bestyckade helikoptrar är ett mycket användbart instrument inom manöverkrigföringen.
Between 1987 and 2000 there was an armed helicopter unit in the Swedish armed forces. These two anti-tank helicopter companies where used to destroy armored vehicles. After the companies disbandment there has been no helicopter in the Swedish armed forces with any armament except for self protection. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the Swedish anti-tank helicopter companies, based on William S. Lind’s theory of maneuver warfare. In conclusion, the tactics of the anti-tank helicopter companies correlate to a great deal with the theory of Lind, implicating that armed helicopters are very useful within maneuver warfare.

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Giuricich, Mario Nicolo. "Index-linked catastrophe instrument valuation". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29642.

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This thesis proposes four contributions to the literature on index-linked catastrophe instrument valuation. Invariably, any exercise to find index-linked catastrophe instrument prices involves three key steps: construct a suitable arbitrage-free valuation model, estimate the parameters for the underlying loss process and simulate the instrument prices. Chapters 3 to 5 of this thesis loosely follow this process. In Chapter 3 we propose an index-linked catastrophe bond pricing model, which pervades in subsequent chapters. We furthermore show how, under certain assumptions, our model can use real-world catastrophe loss-data to find arbitrage-free, index-linked catastrophe bond prices. Chapter 4 demonstrates how we estimate parameters for the catastrophe-related insuranceloss process on which our pricing model relies. In practice, data from such insurance-loss processes is both left-truncated and heavy tailed. We build on ? ]’s procedure for modelling left-truncated data via a compound non-homogeneous Poisson process, and modify their fitting process so that it becomes systematically applicable in the context of heavy-tailed data. We close this chapter by presenting an importance sampling technique for simulating index-linked catastrophe bond prices. Chapter 5 treats the new problem of finding simple, closed-form expressions for indexlinked catastrophe bond prices. By using the weak convergence of compound renewal processes to α-stable Levy motion, we derive weak approximations to these catastrophe bond prices. ´ Their applicability is then highlighted in the context of our catastrophe-bond pricing model. Chapter 6 deviates from the ambit of catastrophe bond pricing, and considers a new type of insurance-linked security, namely the contingent convertible catastrophe bond. Our foremost contribution is that we comprehensively formalise the design and features of this instrument. Subsequently, we derive analytical valuation formulae for index-linked contingent-convertible catastrophe bonds. Using selected parameter values in line with earlier research, we empirically analyse our valuation formulae for index-linked contingent-convertible catastrophe bonds.

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46

Al, Kourbah Badee. "L'immeuble comme instrument de crédit". Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STETT056.

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Tous les moyens sont bons pour garantir au créancier d'être payé à l'échéance. Les garanties personnelles et réelles ont toujours été d'une grande efficacité. Les garanties réelles immobilières (hypothèques, privilèges, etc. ) ont sans doute contribué à cette réussite. Pourtant, une fois le débiteur faisant l'objet de procédures collectives, toutes ces garanties dites traditionnelles s'avéraient inefficaces ; cela ne correspondait plus aux attentes de leurs titulaires. Le législateur français de 1985 avait favorisé la sauvegarde de l'entreprise et de l'emploi en sacrifiant les intérêts des créanciers. La solution à cette impasse a été trouvé depuis quelques années dans un nouveau rôle attribué au droit de propriété. Aujourd'hui, la clause de réserve de propriété immobilière et le crédit-bail immobilier sont des garanties réelles immobilières prometteuses.

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Björneld, Olle. "Optisk instrument för Laparoskopisk Kärldetektion". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk teknik, 1996. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-137478.

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Rapporten behandlar utvecklingen och konstruktionen av ett laparoskopiskt blodkärlsidentifierande instrument. Identifiering sker med hjälp av fotopletysmografi. Fotopletysmografi betyder ungefär "detektion av volymförändrings med hjälp av ljus". Laparoskopi kan översättas med titthålskirurgi. Laparoskopioperationer sker med små runda instrument som förs in i kroppen. Rapporten diskuterar olika probmodeller, det vill säga hur sensorn skall konstrueras för att erhålla en bra mätsignal. Konkurrerande tekniker och framtida applikationer redovisas på flera ställen i rapporten. Vid mätningar på blodmodell studerades och analyserades signalkvaliten. Till slut skall tilläggas att proben fungerade tillfredsställande. Proben kunde detektera pulsationer i blodmodellen.

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48

Krause, Cindy. "Großereignisbewerbungen als Instrument aktiver Stadtentwicklungspolitik:". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-212410.

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Seit den 1990er Jahren werden Großereignisse in der Stadtsoziologie und den Planungswissenschaften als Instrumente der Stadtentwicklungspolitik diskutiert. Großereignissen wie den Olympischen Spielen, Weltausstellungen, Gartenschauen oder der Europäischen Kulturhauptstadt eilt der Ruf voraus, Entwicklungsimpulse in den Ausrichterstädten zu setzen oder einen Wendepunkt in der Stadtentwicklung zu markieren. Die fachliche Diskussion eint, dass Großereignisse die Umsetzung von Stadtentwicklungsprojekten beschleunigt. Ebenso gehört die Mobilisierung von Fördermitteln, die Bündelung personeller Ressourcen und die Stärkung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Ausrichterstadt zu weiteren bekannten Auswirkungen. Diese zu erwartenden positiven Effekte motiviert Städte immer wieder sich für Großereignisse zu bewerben. Doch was passiert, wenn Städte mit der Großereignisbewerbung scheitern? Die Dissertation konzentriert sich auf das Phänomen, dass zwischen 2000 und 2010 eine Vielzahl deutscher Städte mehrfach mit Bewerbungen für Großereignisse scheiterten. Inwieweit bestand ein Zusammenhang zwischen den verschiedenen Bewerbungsprozessen einer Stadt bzw. zu Stadtentwicklungsstrategien? Welche Effekte riefen die Bewerbungsprozesse in den Städten hervor und worauf lassen sich die Effekte zurückführen? Diesen Fragen wird durch die Analyse von 11 Fallstädten nachgegangen. Die recherchierten und aufgearbeiteten Informationen über die gescheiterten Großereignisbewerbungen und deren Effekte zeigen, dass die Bewerbungsprozesse oftmals der Ausgangspunkt für weitere Entwicklungen gewesen sind. Bewerbungsbücher, Bewerbungskonzeptionen und Machbarkeitsstudien enthalten viele Informationen über die Bewerberstädte, Zukunftsideen und Projekte zur Verbesserung der Lebensqualität in der Stadt. Sie stellen damit Belege dar, die einen bestimmten Entwicklungsabschnitt der ehemaligen Bewerberstädte dokumentieren und strategischen Stadtentwicklungsdokumenten ähneln.

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Nyasulu, Peter M. (Peter Maynard) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electronics. "Microprocessor design for instrument control". Ottawa, 1995.

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Thorwächter, Ellen. "Kundenbindung in Bibliotheken kommunikationspolitisches Instrument". [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11675819.

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