Artykuły w czasopismach: „Insectivorous bat”

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Furey, Neil M., Iain J. Mackie i Paul A. Racey. "The role of ultrasonic bat detectors in improving inventory and monitoring surveys in Vietnamese karst bat assemblages". Current Zoology 55, nr 5 (1.10.2009): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/55.5.327.

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Abstract Bats account for 30% of mammal diversity in SE Asia and are potential bioindicators of wider biodiversity impacts resulting from habitat loss and climate change. As existing sampling techniques in the region typically fail to record bats that habitually fly in open areas and at higher altitudes, current inventory efforts are less than comprehensive. Acoustic sampling with bat detectors may help to overcome these limitations for insectivorous bats, but has yet to be tested in mainland SE Asia. To do so, we sampled bats while simultaneously recording the echolocation calls of insectivorous species commuting and foraging in a variety of karst habitats in north Vietnam. Monitoring of cave-dwelling bats was also undertaken. Discriminant function analysis of 367 echolocation calls produced by 30 insectivorous species showed that acoustic identification was feasible by correctly classifying 89. l % of calls. In all habitats, acoustic sampling and capture methods recorded significantly more species each night than capture methods alone. Capture methods consequently failed to record 29 % (ten spp. of aerial insectivores) of the bat fauna in commuting and foraging habitats and 11% (two spp.) of that in our cave sample. Only four of these species were subsequently captured following significantly greater sampling effort. This strongly suggests that acoustic methods are indispensable for maximizing bat inventory completeness in SE Asia. As accurate inventories and monitoring are essential for effective species conservation, we recommend the inclusion of acoustic sampling in future studies of bat assemblages across the region.

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Chu, D. K. W., L. L. M. Poon, Y. Guan i J. S. M. Peiris. "Novel Astroviruses in Insectivorous Bats". Journal of Virology 82, nr 18 (11.06.2008): 9107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00857-08.

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ABSTRACT Bats are increasingly recognized to harbor a wide range of viruses, and in most instances these viruses appear to establish long-term persistence in these animals. They are the reservoir of a number of human zoonotic diseases including Nipah, Ebola, and severe acute respiratory syndrome. We report the identification of novel groups of astroviruses in apparently healthy insectivorous bats found in Hong Kong, in particular, bats belonging to the genera Miniopterus and Myotis. Astroviruses are important causes of diarrhea in many animal species, including humans. Many of the bat astroviruses form distinct phylogenetic clusters in the genus Mamastrovirus within the family Astroviridae. Virus detection rates of 36% to 100% and 50% to 70% were found in Miniopterus magnater and Miniopterus pusillus bats, respectively, captured within a single bat habitat during four consecutive visits spanning 1 year. There was high genetic diversity of viruses in bats found within this single habitat. Some bat astroviruses may be phylogenetically related to human astroviruses, and further studies with a wider range of bat species in different geographic locations are warranted. These findings are likely to provide new insights into the ecology and evolution of astroviruses and reinforce the role of bats as a reservoir of viruses with potential to pose a zoonotic threat to human health.

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Yani, Desi Arsita, i Wanda Nurma Yuliyantika. "Comparative Anatomy and Histology of Digestive Organs of Fruit-Eating Bats (Pteropus Vampyrus Linnaeus, 1758) and Insect-Eating Bats (Rhinolopus pusillus Temminck, 1834)". Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 2 (1.03.2019): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v2.51.

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Animal Bat consists of Megachiroptera and Microchiroptera. The difference between the two bats lies in the type and behavior of eating. Megachiroptera is a fruit-eating bat, while Microchiroptera is an insect-eating bat. This study aims to compare the digestive organ of fruit-eating bats (Pteropus vampyrus) and insect-eating bats (Rhinolopus pusillus). This research was conducted by observing macroanatomy and microanatomy in the digestive organ of both bats. Macroanatomy observation is done by looking at the shape and curvature of the analysis through organ photo media. Microanatomy observation was done by making organ preparations with hematoxylin-eosin staining and observed using a microscope. The digestive organ of fruit-eating bats and insectivores consists of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum and rectum. Macroanatomically, fruit-eating bats and insectivores differ in size, where the fruit-eating bat's digestive organs are larger than insectivorous bats. Microanatomically, fruit-eating bats and insectivores have relatively similar histological structures, which differ only in the size of the cell.

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Boonchuay, Ponsarut, i Sara Bumrungsri. "Bat Activity in Organic Rice Fields Is Higher Than in Conventional Fields in Landscapes of Intermediate Complexity". Diversity 14, nr 6 (1.06.2022): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14060444.

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The extent to which organic farming can support biodiversity has been extensively studied. However, most of the research has been conducted on organic farms in temperate regions, with the focus mainly being on birds, insects, and plants and rarely on insectivorous bats, especially in Southeast Asia. We studied pairs of matched organic and conventional rice fields along a gradient of landscape complexity in the Songkhla Lake Basin and conducted acoustic surveys using bat detectors to analyze the influence of farming system and landscape characteristics on bat activity and prey availability. We also tested the “intermediate landscape complexity” hypothesis, which states that local conservation efforts are most effective in landscapes of intermediate complexity compared to extremely simple or extremely complex landscapes. We detected no difference in bat species richness, total bat activity, feeding activity, and insect prey abundance between organic fields and conventional fields. Even though organic farming did not increase bat activity on its own, it was most beneficial to bat activity in landscapes of intermediate complexity. Our findings suggest that landscape traits contribute more to bat activity than farm management and that insectivorous bats have species- and guild-specific responses to various landscape contexts. We also found that disturbance caused by tropical storms negatively impacts the activity of insectivorous bat.

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Kingston, Tigga, Charles M. Francis, Zubaid Akbar i Thomas H. Kunz. "Species richness in an insectivorous bat assemblage from Malaysia". Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403003080.

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Estimates of insectivorous bat diversity in the Palaeotropics have largely been hampered by the lack of long-term studies employing appropriate capture techniques. Using a variety of trapping methods, 45 insectivorous bat species were captured in approximately 3 km2 of primary dipterocarp rain forest in Malaysia over 8 y. The cumulative site list for Kuala Lompat Research Station, Krau Wildlife Reserve, now stands at 51 insectivorous species. Although this is likely still not a complete list, it is already one of the most species-rich in the world. We attribute much of our success in recording this diversity to the extensive use of harp traps. Of the 45 species, 38 were captured in an intensive harp-trapping programme (> 1030 harp-trap nights) of the forest interior (22 species exclusively so). Insectivorous bats of the forest interior are thus a key component of Old World bat diversity, particularly in South-East Asia, and are dominated by taxa capable of detecting and capturing prey in cluttered environments (Hipposideridae, Rhinolophidae, Kerivoulinae and Murininae).

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Lim, Lee-Sim, Adura Mohd-Adnan, Akbar Zubaid, Matthew J. Struebig i Stephen J. Rossiter. "Diversity of Malaysian insectivorous bat assemblages revisited". Journal of Tropical Ecology 30, nr 2 (6.02.2014): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467413000874.

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Abstract:To what extent tropical forest persisted in the Malay-Thai Peninsula during the Last Glacial Maximum, or contracted southwards with subsequent post-glacial expansion, has long been debated. These competing scenarios might be expected to have left contrasting broad spatial patterns of diversity of forest-dependent taxa. To test for a post-glacial northward spread of forest, we examined latitudinal clines of forest-dependent bat species at 15 forest sites across Peninsular Malaysia. From captures of 3776 insectivorous forest bats, we found that low richness characterized the north of the study area: predicted richness of 9–16 species, compared with 21–23 in the south. Predicted species richness decreased significantly with increasing latitude, but showed no relationship with either seasonality or peninsula width. Analyses of beta-diversity showed that differences between communities were not related to geographical distance, although there was evidence of greater differences in species numbers between the most distant sites. Assemblages were consistently dominated by six cave-roosting species from the families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae, while another 16 species were consistently rare. We suggest that these observed patterns are consistent with the hypothesized northward expansion of tropical rain forest since the Last Glacial Maximum, but emphasize that more surveys in the extreme north and south of the peninsula are required to support this assertion.

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Korine, Carmi, Yuval Cohen i Idan Kahnonitch. "Insect Pest Pheromone Lures May Enhance the Activity of Insectivorous Bats in Mediterranean Vineyards and Apple Orchards". Sustainability 14, nr 24 (10.12.2022): 16566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416566.

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Insectivorous bats may play a significant role in regulating populations of agricultural pests. Currently, few methods are available to enhance the activity of bats in agroecosystems. We asked whether synthetic sex pheromones, used in integrated pest management (IPM) to impede the mating success of major moth pests in vineyards and apple orchards, could also enhance the activity and richness of insectivorous bats, their natural enemies. We hypothesized that applying concentrated sex pheromones of pest moths will alter the movement patterns of male moths, indirectly affecting bat richness and activity. We compared the effect of sex pheromones on bats under two different agricultural management systems: conventional farming and IPM. We used synthetic sex pheromones of Lobesia botrana or Cydia pomonella; both are among the most destructive moth pests in vineyards and apple orchards, respectively. Using passive acoustic monitoring, we compared species richness and bat activity in plots without and with additional pheromones. In both IPM vineyards and IPM apple orchards, total bat activity and species richness significantly increased after applying the pheromone treatment, with a positive correlation between total bat activity and the numbers of moth pests in the vineyards. In conventional vineyards, bat species richness increased significantly, but not total bat activity. IPM vineyards had significantly higher species richness than conventional vineyards, both before and after the pheromone treatment. Our study shows that moth pheromone lures, commonly used as a pest control method, may also attract insectivorous bats, which in turn may further suppress the pests. These findings highlight the potential of insectivorous bats as pest control agents and call for further research directed at integrating them in IPM practices.

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Bullen, R. D., N. L. McKenzie, K. E. Bullen i M. R. Williams. "Bat heart mass: correlation with foraging niche and roost preference". Australian Journal of Zoology 57, nr 6 (2009): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo09053.

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We found that the spirit-preserved hearts of 34 species of Australian bat, representing 6 families, weighed from 0.3 to 0.65% of bat mass (mbat), a variation factor of two. The average mass of the heart specimens of the 34 species was 0.501% of bat mass and this did not vary with bat mass. This value was much lower than the average of the available published data, 0.991%. Insectivorous bats that forage or fly in and near three-dimensional clutter have heart mass fractions ~0.04% larger than average, whereas insectivorous bats that forage around and above the canopy in clear air have fractions ~0.16% smaller than average. Insectivorous bats that are obligate deep-cave roosters have significantly smaller fractions, 0.18% smaller than average, whereas those that hover have fractions ~0.08% larger than average. Available published data, although based on freshly sacrificed animals, show the same trends in relation to heart mass fraction and the same scatter and body-mass relationships. However, the magnitude of the fractions differs by a factor of two and may relate to our removal of all tissue except the musculature and walls of the four cardiac chambers.

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Chruszcz, Bryan J., i Robert M. R. Barclay. "Prolonged foraging bouts of a solitary gleaning/hawking bat, Myotis evotis". Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, nr 5 (1.05.2003): 823–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-056.

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We investigated the foraging behaviour of reproductive female long-eared bats, Myotis evotis, roosting solitarily in natural habitat in the badlands of the South Saskatchewan River valley, Alberta, Canada. Myotis evotis behaved differently than other temperate-zone insectivorous species studied previously. Individuals foraged all night, every night, regardless of ambient temperature or reproductive condition, and only spent a small proportion of the night roosting (less than 10% of the time spent out of the roost). A high daily energy demand and an energetically costly mode of flight may necessitate this behaviour. The ability to both aerial-hawk and glean prey from surfaces may make night-long foraging profitable for M. evotis, and for other flying nocturnal insectivores that can glean.

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Gould, Allan R., Jacqueline A. Kattenbelt, Sarah G. Gumley i Ross A. Lunt. "Characterisation of an Australian bat lyssavirus variant isolated from an insectivorous bat". Virus Research 89, nr 1 (październik 2002): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1702(02)00056-4.

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Jacobs, David S., Geeta N. Eick, M. Corrie Schoeman i Conrad A. Matthee. "CRYPTIC SPECIES IN AN INSECTIVOROUS BAT, SCOTOPHILUS DINGANII". Journal of Mammalogy 87, nr 1 (luty 2006): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/04-mamm-a-132r2.1.

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Chaverri, Gloriana, i Maarten J. Vonhof. "Reproduction and Growth in a Neotropical Insectivorous Bat". Acta Chiropterologica 13, nr 1 (czerwiec 2011): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/150811011x578697.

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Browett, Samuel S., Thomas G. Curran, Denise B. O’Meara, Andrew P. Harrington, Naiara Guimarães Sales, Rachael E. Antwis, David O’Neill i Allan D. McDevitt. "Primer biases in the molecular assessment of diet in multiple insectivorous mammals". Mammalian Biology 101, nr 3 (23.03.2021): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42991-021-00115-4.

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AbstractOur understanding of trophic interactions of small insectivorous mammals has been drastically improved with the advent of DNA metabarcoding. The technique has continued to be optimised over the years, with primer choice repeatedly being a vital factor for dietary inferences. However, the majority of dietary studies examining the effect of primer choice often rely on in silico analyses or comparing between species that occupy an identical niche type. Here, we apply DNA metabarcoding to empirically compare the prey detection capabilities of two widely used primer sets when assessing the diets of a flying (lesser horseshoe bat; Rhinolophus hipposideros) and two ground-dwelling insectivores (greater white-toothed shrew; Crocidura russula and pygmy shrew; Sorex minutus). Although R. hipposideros primarily rely on two prey orders (Lepidoptera and Diptera), the unique taxa detected by each primer shows that a combination of primers may be the best approach to fully describe bat trophic ecology. However, random forest classifier analysis suggests that one highly degenerate primer set detected the majority of both shrews’ diet despite higher levels of host amplification. The wide range of prey consumed by ground-dwelling insectivores can therefore be accurately documented from using a single broad-range primer set, which can decrease cost and labour. The results presented here show that dietary inferences will differ depending on the primer or primer combination used for insectivores occupying different niches (i.e., hunting in the air or ground) and demonstrate the importance of performing empirical pilot studies for novel study systems.

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Straka, Tanja M., Pia E. Lentini, Linda F. Lumsden, Sascha Buchholz, Brendan A. Wintle i Rodney van der Ree. "Clean and Green Urban Water Bodies Benefit Nocturnal Flying Insects and Their Predators, Insectivorous Bats". Sustainability 12, nr 7 (26.03.2020): 2634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072634.

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Nocturnal arthropods form the prey base for many predators and are an integral part of complex food webs. However, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms influencing invertebrates at urban water bodies and the potential flow-on effects to their predators. This study aims to: (i) understand the importance of standing water bodies for nocturnal flying insect orders, including the landscape- and local-scale factors driving these patterns; and (ii) quantify the relationship between insects and insectivorous bats. We investigated nocturnal flying insects and insectivorous bats simultaneously at water bodies (n = 58) and non-water body sites (n = 35) using light traps and acoustic recorders in Melbourne, Australia. At the landscape scale, we found that the presence of water and high levels of surrounding greenness were important predictors for some insect orders. At the water body scale, low levels of sediment pollutants, increased riparian tree cover and water body size supported higher insect order richness and a greater abundance of Coleopterans and Trichopterans, respectively. Most bat species had a positive response to a high abundance of Lepidopterans, confirming the importance of this order in the diet of insectivorous bats. Fostering communities of nocturnal insects in urban environments can provide opportunities for enhancing the prey base of urban nocturnal insectivores.

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Aguiar, Ludmilla M. S., Igor D. Bueno-Rocha, Guilherme Oliveira, Eder S. Pires, Santelmo Vasconcelos, Gisele L. Nunes, Marina R. Frizzas i Pedro H. B. Togni. "Going out for dinner—The consumption of agriculture pests by bats in urban areas". PLOS ONE 16, nr 10 (21.10.2021): e0258066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258066.

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Insectivorous bats provide ecosystem services in agricultural and urban landscapes by consuming arthropods that are considered pests. Bat species inhabiting cities are expected to consume insects associated with urban areas, such as mosquitoes, flying termites, moths, and beetles. We captured insectivorous bats in the Federal District of Brazil and used fecal DNA metabarcoding to investigate the arthropod consumed by five bat species living in colonies in city buildings, and ascertained whether their predation was related to ecosystem services. These insectivorous bat species were found to consume 83 morphospecies of arthropods and among these 41 were identified to species, most of which were agricultural pests. We propose that bats may roost in the city areas and forage in the nearby agricultural fields using their ability to fly over long distances. We also calculated the value of the pest suppression ecosystem service by the bats. By a conservative estimation, bats save US$ 94 per hectare of cornfields, accounting for an annual savings of US$ 390.6 million per harvest in Brazil. Our study confirms that, regardless of their roosting location, bats are essential for providing ecosystem services in the cities, with extensive impacts on crops and elsewhere, in addition to significant savings in the use of pesticides.

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Frick, Winifred F., Ryan D. Price, Paul A. Heady i Kathleen M. Kay. "Insectivorous Bat Pollinates Columnar Cactus More Effectively per Visit than Specialized Nectar Bat". American Naturalist 181, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/668595.

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Jantzen, M. K., i M. B. Fenton. "The depth of edge influence among insectivorous bats at forest–field interfaces". Canadian Journal of Zoology 91, nr 5 (maj 2013): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2012-0282.

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Species-specific variations in wing morphology and echolocation call characteristics often define which of three structural habitat types (open, cluttered, and edge) different bat species most frequently and efficiently use for foraging. Although edges are recognized as important habitats for commuting and foraging bats, no study to date has examined the depth of edge influence (DEI), the extent of quantitative changes in activity with distance from an edge, for any bat species. We focused our study on five species: northern long-eared bat, Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897); hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus (Beauvois, 1796); little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus (LeConte, 1831); silver-haired bat, Lasionycteris noctivagans (LeConte, 1831); big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus (Beauvois, 1796). We predicted DEI would vary with species-specific differences in wing morphology and echolocation call characteristics. From June to August in 2010 and 2011, we passively recorded echolocation calls three to four times per month at eight sites in eastern Ontario, Canada. We found that species’ activity was highest at the edge, regardless of wing morphology and echolocation call characteristics. The DEI for all species was approximately 40 m into both forests and fields. Understanding the effects of DEI on bats will enable more effective acoustic monitoring in future studies and may provide crucial information for management decisions.

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Gonsalves, Leroy, Bradley Law, Cameron Webb i Vaughan Monamy. "Are vegetation interfaces important to foraging insectivorous bats in endangered coastal saltmarsh on the Central Coast of New South Wales?" Pacific Conservation Biology 18, nr 4 (2012): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc120282.

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Conservation of insectivorous bats and their habitats is of increasing concern in Australia and linear elements in the landscape form important foraging habitats for many species. Only recently has use of endangered coastal saltmarsh habitat by bats been documented. Vegetation adjoining saltmarsh provides echolocating bats with linear elements that may be used while foraging and commuting to patches of high insect abundance. We used acoustic detectors to investigate whether individual species and total bat activity along seaward and landward saltmarsh edges was different to the interior of the saltmarsh. Four taxa accounted for greater than 80 % of all bat activity in each zone with similar taxa recorded in both edge and interior zones. However, significantly more bat activity was recorded in edge zones. While differences in microhabitat use by individual species were also found, bat morphology did not account for the observed differences. Conservation managers of saltmarsh and adjoining habitats should consider potential impacts of management actions on foraging bats and their prey. Retention of strips of edge vegetation may help to balance the conservation requirements of endangered coastal saltmarsh habitats and the foraging insectivorous bat populations they sustain.

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Brosset, André, Pierre Charles-Dominique, Anya Cockle, Jean-François Cosson i Didier Masson. "Bat communities and deforestation in French Guiana". Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, nr 11 (1.11.1996): 1974–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-224.

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The impact of deforestation on the composition and dynamics of bat communities received close attention during a 15-year survey of the bats of French Guiana. Overall, deforestation lowers species richness: 48 of the 75 bat species from primary forest, mainly mature-forest phyllostomids, were not found in large areas that had been deforested for a long time. The 27 "rare" species, each represented by fewer than 6 of 8031 captures, had been apparently virtually eliminated from deforested areas. These altered habitats had been repopulated by a few opportunistic frugivorous phyllostomid species and by species belonging to the widespread insectivorous families Vespertilionidae and Molossidae. Habitats altered by humans harbor over four times as many individual bats as primary rain forest. This rise in both frugivorous and insectivorous bat populations in areas of degraded vegetation appears linked to the abundance of bat-dispersed pioneer' fruiting plant species available to phyllostomids and the multiplication of roosting sites for vespertilionids and molossids in human habitats. The species richness of local bat communities is positively influenced by the presence of forest corridors or the immediate proximity of a forest block.

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Jiao, Hengwu, Huan-Wang Xie, Libiao Zhang, Nima Zhuoma, Peihua Jiang i Huabin Zhao. "Loss of sweet taste despite the conservation of sweet receptor genes in insectivorous bats". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, nr 4 (21.01.2021): e2021516118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021516118.

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The evolution of taste perception is usually associated with the ecology and dietary changes of organisms. However, the association between feeding ecology and taste receptor evolution is unclear in some lineages of vertebrate animals. One example is the sweet taste receptor gene Tas1r2. Previous analysis of partial sequences has revealed that Tas1r2 has undergone equally strong purifying selection between insectivorous and frugivorous bats. To test whether the sweet taste function is also important in bats with contrasting diets, we examined the complete coding sequences of both sweet taste receptor genes (Tas1r2 and Tas1r3) in 34 representative bat species. Although these two genes are highly conserved between frugivorous and insectivorous bats at the sequence level, our behavioral experiments revealed that an insectivorous bat (Myotis ricketti) showed no preference for natural sugars, whereas the frugivorous species (Rousettus leschenaultii) showed strong preferences for sucrose and fructose. Furthermore, while both sweet taste receptor genes are expressed in the taste tissue of insectivorous and frugivorous bats, our cell-based assays revealed striking functional divergence: the sweet taste receptors of frugivorous bats are able to respond to natural sugars whereas those of insectivorous bats are not, which is consistent with the behavioral preference tests, suggesting that functional evolution of sweet taste receptors is closely related to diet. This comprehensive study suggests that using sequence conservation alone could be misleading in inferring protein and physiological function and highlights the power of combining behavioral experiments, expression analysis, and functional assays in molecular evolutionary studies.

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Uieda, Wilson. "Rabies in the insectivorous bat Tadarida brasiliensis in Southeastern Brazil". Revista de Saúde Pública 32, nr 5 (październik 1998): 484–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101998000500012.

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This is the first recorded case of rabies in the insectivorous bat Tadarida brasiliensis in the State of S. Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. The infected bat was found in the afternoon while hanging on the internal wall of an urban building. This observation reinforces the notion as to the caution one must exercise regarding bats found in unusual situations.

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Barclay, Robert M. R. "Foraging Behavior of the African Insectivorous Bat, Scotophilus leucogaster". Biotropica 17, nr 1 (marzec 1985): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2388381.

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Whitaker, John O. "PREY SELECTION IN A TEMPERATE ZONE INSECTIVOROUS BAT COMMUNITY". Journal of Mammalogy 85, nr 3 (czerwiec 2004): 460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0460:psiatz>2.0.co;2.

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Appel, Giulliana, Adrià López-Baucells, William Ernest Magnusson i Paulo Estefano D. Bobrowiec. "Aerial insectivorous bat activity in relation to moonlight intensity". Mammalian Biology 85 (lipiec 2017): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mambio.2016.11.005.

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Gonsalves, Leroy, Susan Lamb, Cameron Webb, Bradley Law i Vaughan Monamy. "Do mosquitoes influence bat activity in coastal habitats?" Wildlife Research 40, nr 1 (2013): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12148.

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Context Conservation of insectivorous bat populations requires appropriate management of foraging habitats and the prey resources they sustain. Endangered coastal saltmarsh communities support a diverse range of aquatic and terrestrial arthropods, including the saltmarsh mosquito (Aedes vigilax Skuse), an important vector of mosquito-borne viruses and a potentially important prey resource for insectivorous bats. Prey detectability by bats is considered to be limited with low-frequency echolocation, particularly in cluttered habitats, that may render abundant Ae. vigilax populations unavailable to some bat species. Aims To investigate relationships between availability of Ae. vigilax and non-mosquito prey, and the activity of foraging insectivorous bats in a range of coastal habitats. Methods We measured nightly bat activity and the abundance of prey (mosquito and non-mosquito) concurrently during neap and spring tides in saltmarsh, urban and forest habitats. Comparisons were made between tidal cycle and habitats, and relationships between bat activity and the abundance of prey were examined. Key results Whereas prey abundances were generally greatest in saltmarsh and forest habitats, bat activity was greatest in the forest habitat. However, proportional feeding activity was greatest in saltmarsh. Prey abundance was positively correlated with total bat activity only in the open saltmarsh, where an absence of clutter would maximise prey detectability and thus availability. Positive correlations between Ae. vigilax abundance and bat activity, across all habitats, were restricted to bats of the Vespadelus genus, which are small-sized bats that employ high-frequency echolocation suitable for detection of small prey along edges. Conclusions These findings suggest that Ae. vigilax may be an important prey resource for small, high-frequency echolocating bats capable of discerning small prey within cluttered forest as well as exploiting abundant prey in the open saltmarsh. Implications Small, high-frequency echolocating bats should be the focus of future studies investigating the importance of small prey, such as Ae. vigilax, to the diets of foraging bats.

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Yue, Xinke, Alice C. Hughes, Kyle W. Tomlinson, Shangwen Xia, Song Li i Jin Chen. "Body size and diet–related morphological variation of bats over the past 65 years in China". Journal of Mammalogy 101, nr 1 (12.12.2019): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz161.

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Abstract We examined both historical (1960s) and recent (2017) specimens of an insectivorous bat species (Hipposideros armiger) and a phytophagous bat (Rousettus leschenaultii) from the same latitudinal range to explore phenotypic responses to environmental change in China over the past 65 years. Hipposideros armiger exhibited significant increases in forearm length and three diet-related cranial traits, as well as carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition, suggesting that modern H. armiger must travel farther for food and may now use different food resources. In contrast, R. leschenaultii showed no change in forearm length but displayed significant increases in diet-related cranial traits. This study provides evidence for differential responses to recent environmental changes in bat species with different diets. The changes in diet-related traits of the two species and the forearm length change on the insectivorous bats suggest that recent phenotypic changes may be adaptions to land-use changes rather than to climate change.

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Armstrong, Kyle N., Sylvia Clarke, Aimee Linke, Annette Scanlon, Philip Roetman, Jacqui Wilson, Alan T. Hitch i Steven C. Donnellan. "Citizen science implements the first intensive acoustics-based survey of insectivorous bat species across the Murray–Darling Basin of South Australia". Australian Journal of Zoology 68, nr 6 (2020): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo20051.

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Effective land management and biodiversity conservation policy relies on good records of native species occurrence and habitat association, but for many animal groups these data are inadequate. In the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), the most environmentally and economically important catchment in Australia, knowledge gaps exist on the occurrence and habitat associations of insectivorous bat species. We relied on the interest and effort of citizen scientists to assist with the most intensive insectivorous bat survey ever undertaken in the MDB region of South Australia. We used an existing network of Natural Resource Management groups to connect interested citizens and build on historical observations of bat species using a fleet of 30 Anabat Swift bat detectors. The survey effort more than doubled the number of bat occurrence records for the area in two years (3000 records; cf. 2693 records between 1890 and 2018; freely available through the Atlas of Living Australia). We used multinomial logistic regression to look at the relationship between three types of environmental covariates: flight space, nearest open water source and vegetation type. There were no differences in species richness among the environmental covariates. The records have been, and will continue to be, used to inform government land management policy, more accurately predict the impact of development proposals on bat populations, and update conservation assessments for microbat species. A social survey tool also showed that participation in the project led to positive behaviours, and planned positive behaviours, for improving bat habitat on private land.

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Mayberry, Heather W., M. Reese McMillan, A. Vikram Chochinov, Joshua C. Hinds i John M. Ratcliffe. "Potential foraging niche release in insectivorous bat species relatively unaffected by white-nose syndrome?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 98, nr 10 (październik 2020): 667–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2019-0231.

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White-nose syndrome (WNS) has rendered four of Ontario’s species endangered, while leaving the other four species relatively unaffected. The causes and extent of the declines have been widely studied. The influence on remaining bat species has not. Comparing acoustic data recorded ∼10 years apart, we evaluated how species in southeastern Ontario, Canada, use different foraging habitats pre- and post-WNS detection. We observed activity declines in now-endangered species over open fields (small-footed myotis, Myotis leibii (Audubon and Bachman, 1842); little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831); northern myotis, Myotis septentrionalis (Trouessart, 1897); tricolored bat, Perimyotis subflavus (F. Cuvier, 1832)) and speculate that the reduction of the once most common species (M. lucifugus) may have resulted in other species searching for prey in habitat once dominated by M. lucifugus. That is, these changes may have allowed greater presence in open field and clutter or edge environments by the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)) and three migratory species (silver-haired bat, Lasionycteris noctivagans (Le Conte, 1831); red bat, Lasiurus borealis (Müller, 1776); hoary bat, Lasiurus cinereus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)). However, our results also suggest that (i) while the decline of most resident bat species due to WNS may have relaxed competition for relatively unaffected species in some, but not all habitats, that (ii) sensory and biomechanical constraints may limit prey exploitation by these less-affected bat species in these habitats.

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Chen, Yi-Ning, Bo-Gang Su, Hung-Chang Chen, Cheng-Han Chou i Hsi-Chi Cheng. "DETECTION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES TO THE NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN FRAGMENTS OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME-CORONAVIRUS AND SCOTOPHILUS BAT CORONAVIRUS-512 IN THREE INSECTIVOROUS BAT SPECIES". Taiwan Veterinary Journal 44, nr 04 (grudzień 2018): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1682648518500063.

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Bats are the natural reservoirs of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Six Alphacoronavirus and five Betacoronavirus have been detected in many bat species, including SARS-related CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-related CoV. In Taiwan, SARS-related CoV, belonging to Betacoronavirus, has been detected in Rhinolophus monoceros. Scotophilus bat CoV-512, belonging to Alphacoronavirus, has been detected in Scotophilus kuhlii, Miniopterus fuliginosus, and Rhinolophus monoceros by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To understand the infection history of CoV in these three insectivorous bat populations, CoV-specific antibodies were surveyed by using western blot (WB) analysis and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The carboxyl terminal fragment of nucleocapsid protein (N3) of SARS-CoV and Scotophilus bat CoV-512 were used as the antigen in the assays. Of the 52 serum samples obtained from Scotophilus kuhlii, 29 samples (56%) were tested positive for Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies through ELISA. Of the 63 serum samples obtained from Rhinolophus monoceros, 9 samples were tested positive for only SARS-CoV-specific antibodies, 7 samples were tested positive for only Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies, and 16 samples (25.4%) were tested positive for both antibodies through WB analysis. Only 1 of 18 Miniopterus bat serum samples tested positive for Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies through ELISA. Lactating female bats had higher positive rates of CoV-specific antibodies than non-lactating female and male bats did. Our findings were crucial for understanding CoV infection history in three insectivorous bat species and important for the control of bat-borne zoonosis diseases.

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Chidoti, Vimbiso, Hélène De Nys, Valérie Pinarello, Getrude Mashura, Dorothée Missé, Laure Guerrini, Davies Pfukenyi i in. "Longitudinal Survey of Coronavirus Circulation and Diversity in Insectivorous Bat Colonies in Zimbabwe". Viruses 14, nr 4 (9.04.2022): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14040781.

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Background: Studies have linked bats to outbreaks of viral diseases in human populations such as SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV and the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: We carried out a longitudinal survey from August 2020 to July 2021 at two sites in Zimbabwe with bat–human interactions: Magweto cave and Chirundu farm. A total of 1732 and 1866 individual bat fecal samples were collected, respectively. Coronaviruses and bat species were amplified using PCR systems. Results: Analysis of the coronavirus sequences revealed a high genetic diversity, and we identified different sub-viral groups in the Alphacoronavirus and Betacoronavirus genus. The established sub-viral groups fell within the described Alphacoronavirus sub-genera: Decacovirus, Duvinacovirus, Rhinacovirus, Setracovirus and Minunacovirus and for Betacoronavirus sub-genera: Sarbecoviruses, Merbecovirus and Hibecovirus. Our results showed an overall proportion for CoV positive PCR tests of 23.7% at Chirundu site and 16.5% and 38.9% at Magweto site for insectivorous bats and Macronycteris gigas, respectively. Conclusions: The higher risk of bat coronavirus exposure for humans was found in December to March in relation to higher viral shedding peaks of coronaviruses in the parturition, lactation and weaning months of the bat populations at both sites. We also highlight the need to further document viral infectious risk in human/domestic animal populations surrounding bat habitats in Zimbabwe.

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Doty, Anna C., Leroy Gonsalves i Bradley S. Law. "Activity patterns of insectivorous bats during a seasonal transition period from hibernation to reproduction". Australian Mammalogy 42, nr 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am18035.

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Bat activity is influenced by fluctuating environmental variables. It may also be influenced by energetic pressures related to pregnancy, lactation, and emergence following winter inactivity. We evaluated nightly changes in relative bat activity at Royal National Park in response to Julian date, ambient temperature, precipitation, wind speed and moon phase on a nightly scale for six weeks during spring, as insectivorous bats move out of hibernation or frequent, prolonged torpor, and into the maternal season. Interestingly, later Julian date (reflecting seasonal transition) was the sole variable that best predicted total nightly activity. In addition, we opportunistically assessed bat activity in response to a severe storm, considered a Category 1 cyclone, resulting in 96.4mm of rain in one night and wind speeds up to 94km h–1. Only one species of bat, Chalinolobus gouldii, was active during the storm, with activity restricted to the latter part of the evening when precipitation had reduced, indicating rapid resumption of activity following severe weather. The results of this research can be used as an indicator of emergence from winter inactivity and highlight activity patterns of bat species in relation to environmental variables to inform timing of monitoring programs, bat surveys, and targeted research.

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Lacroix, Audrey, Nicole Vidal, Alpha K. Keita, Guillaume Thaurignac, Amandine Esteban, Hélène De Nys, Ramadan Diallo i in. "Wide Diversity of Coronaviruses in Frugivorous and Insectivorous Bat Species: A Pilot Study in Guinea, West Africa". Viruses 12, nr 8 (5.08.2020): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12080855.

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Zoonoses can constitute a threat for public health that can have a global importance, as seen with the current COVID-19 pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). Bats have been recognized as an important reservoir of zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs). In West Africa, where there is a high diversity of bat species, little is known on the circulation of CoVs in these hosts, especially at the interface with human populations. In this study, in Guinea, we tested a total of 319 bats belonging to 14 genera and six families of insectivorous and frugivorous bats across the country, for the presence of coronaviruses. We found CoVs in 35 (11%) of the tested bats—in three insectivorous bat species and five fruit bat species that were mostly captured close to human habitat. Positivity rates varied from 5.7% to 100%, depending on bat species. A wide diversity of alpha and beta coronaviruses was found across the country, including three sequences belonging to SarbeCoVs and MerbeCoVs subgenera known to harbor highly pathogenic human coronaviruses. Our findings suggest that CoVs are widely spread in West Africa and their circulation should be assessed to evaluate the risk of exposure of potential zoonotic CoVs to humans.

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Lee, Kenneth Ee Meng, W. H. Deon Lum i Joanna L. Coleman. "Ecological impacts of the LED-streetlight retrofit on insectivorous bats in Singapore". PLOS ONE 16, nr 5 (26.05.2021): e0247900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247900.

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Cities around the world are transitioning to more efficient lighting schemes, especially retrofitting traditional, high-pressure sodium (HPS) streetlights with light-emitting diode (LED) lights. Although these initiatives aim to address the problems of urban sustainability and save money, the ecological impacts of these retrofits remain poorly understood, especially in brightly lit cities and in the tropics, where urbanisation is most rapid. We performed an experimental study of the retrofit in Singapore–focusing on insectivorous bats, whose activity we monitored acoustically along paired control (HPS-lit) and treatment (LED-lit) streets. We recorded seven species along these streets, but only obtained enough recordings to measure the effect of light type for three of them–all of which can reasonably be described as urban adapters. The strongest predictor of bat activity (an index of habitat use) was rainfall–it has a positive effect. Light type did not influence bat activity or species composition of the bat assemblage along these streets, though it did interact with the effects of rainfall and traffic noise for one bat species. Ultimately, the retrofit may be ecologically meaningless to urban-adapted, tropical insectivores that already experience high levels of light pollution as they do in Singapore. However, while our findings may appear reassuring to those concerned with such retrofits in other tropical and/or brightly-lit cities, they also highlight the contextual nature of ecological impacts. We point out that they should not be prematurely generalised to other locales and systems. In particular, they do not imply no impact on species that are less urban-adapted, and there is a clear need for further studies, for example, on responses of other foraging guilds and of bats (and insects) throughout the tropics.

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López-Wilchis, Ricardo, José Williams Torres-Flores i Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales. "Natalus mexicanus (Chiroptera: Natalidae)". Mammalian Species 52, nr 989 (14.05.2020): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mspecies/seaa002.

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Abstract Natalus mexicanus Miller, 1902 is the smallest species of Natalus and is commonly called the Mexican greater funnel-eared bat. This insectivorous bat is the most widely distributed species of Natalidae, occurring from northern Mexico to Panama, inhabiting mainly deciduous and semideciduous tropical forests, generally at elevations below 300 m. N. mexicanus, a cave-dwelling bat, is considered as a “Least Concern” species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, and some data indicate moderate population sizes in several caves, although the population status at other sites is currently unknown.

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Ramírez-Fráncel, Leidy Azucena, Leidy Viviana García-Herrera, Sergio Losada-Prado, Gladys Reinoso-Flórez, Burton K. Lim, Francisco Sánchez, Alfonso Sánchez-Hernández i Giovany Guevara. "Skull Morphology, Bite Force, and Diet in Insectivorous Bats from Tropical Dry Forests in Colombia". Biology 10, nr 10 (9.10.2021): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10101012.

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In Neotropical bats, studies on bite force have focused mainly on differences in trophic ecology, and little is known about whether factors other than body size generate interspecific differences in bite force amongst insectivorous bats and, consequently, in their diets. We tested if bite force is related to skull morphology and also to diet in an assemblage of Neotropical insectivorous bats from tropical dry forests in the inter-Andean central valley in Colombia. It is predicted that the preference of prey types among insectivorous species is based on bite force and cranial characteristics. We also evaluated whether skull morphology varies depending on the species and sex. Cranial measurements and correlations between morphological variation and bite force were examined for 10 insectivorous bat species. We calculated the size-independent mechanical advantage for the mandibular (jaw) lever system. In all species, bite force increased with length of the skull and the jaw more than other cranial measurements. Obligate insectivorous species were morphologically different from the omnivorous Noctilio albiventris, which feeds primarily on insects, but also consumes fish and fruits. Our results show that bite force and skull morphology are closely linked to diets in Neotropical insectivorous bats and, consequently, these traits are key to the interactions within the assemblage and with their prey.

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Shaheen, Farzana. "Surveillance of Insectivorous Bat Population for Rabies Virus in Pakistan". Journal of Infection and Molecular Biology 2, nr 3 (2014): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/jimb.2307-5465/2.3.39.42.

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Claireau, Fabien, Yves Bas, Julie Pauwels, Kévin Barré, Nathalie Machon, Benjamin Allegrini, Sébastien J. Puechmaille i Christian Kerbiriou. "Major roads have important negative effects on insectivorous bat activity". Biological Conservation 235 (lipiec 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.04.002.

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Cryan, Paul M., Craig A. Stricker i Michael B. Wunder. "Evidence of cryptic individual specialization in an opportunistic insectivorous bat". Journal of Mammalogy 93, nr 2 (30.04.2012): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/11-mamm-s-162.1.

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MacSwiney G., M. Cristina, Beatríz Bolívar Cimé, Frank M. Clarke i Paul A. Racey. "Insectivorous Bat Activity at Cenotes in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico". Acta Chiropterologica 11, nr 1 (czerwiec 2009): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/150811009x465758.

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Thomas, Alicia J., i David S. Jacobs. "Factors Influencing the Emergence Times of sympatric Insectivorous Bat Species". Acta Chiropterologica 15, nr 1 (czerwiec 2013): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/150811013x667920.

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Barros, Juliana Helena da Silva, André Luiz Rodrigues Roque, Samanta Cristina das Chagas Xavier, Kátia Cristina Silva Nascimento, Helena Keiko Toma i Maria de Fatima Madeira. "Biological and Genetic Heterogeneity in Trypanosoma dionisii Isolates from Hematophagous and Insectivorous Bats". Pathogens 9, nr 9 (7.09.2020): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090736.

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This study describes the morphological, biochemical, and molecular differences among Trypanosoma dionisii isolates from hemocultures of hematophagous (Desmodus rotundus; n = 2) and insectivorous (Lonchorhina aurita; n = 1) bats from the Atlantic Rainforest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Fusiform epimastigotes from the hematophagous isolates were elongated, whereas those of the insectivorous isolate were stumpy, reflected in statistically evident differences in the cell body and flagellum lengths. In the hemocultures, a higher percentage of trypomastigote forms (60%) was observed in the hematophagous bat isolates than that in the isolate from the insectivorous bat (4%), which demonstrated globular morphology. Three molecular DNA regions were analyzed: V7V8 (18S rDNA), glycosomal glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, and mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. The samples were also subjected to multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. All isolates were identified as T. dionisii by phylogenetic analysis. These sequences were clustered into two separate subgroups with high bootstrap values according to the feeding habits of the bats from which the parasites were isolated. However, other T. dionisii samples from bats with different feeding habits were found in the same branch. These results support the separation of the three isolates into two subgroups, demonstrating that different subpopulations of T. dionisii circulate among bats.

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George, Uwem, Oluwadamilola George, Arthur Oragwa, Babatunde Motayo, Joshua Kamani, Andrew Adamu, Oluyomi Sowemimo i in. "Detection of Alpha- and Betacoronaviruses in Frugivorous and Insectivorous Bats in Nigeria". Pathogens 11, nr 9 (7.09.2022): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091017.

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The rise of bat-associated zoonotic viruses necessitates a close monitoring of their natural hosts. Since the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), it is evident that bats are vital reservoirs of coronaviruses (CoVs). In this study, we investigated the presence of CoVs in multiple bat species in Nigeria to identify viruses in bats at high-risk human contact interfaces. Four hundred and nine bats comprising four bat species close to human habitats were individually sampled from five states in Nigeria between 2019 and 2021. Coronavirus detection was done using broadly reactive consensus PCR primers targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of CoVs. Coronavirus RNA was detected in 39 samples (9.5%, CI 95%: [7.0, 12.8]), of which 29 were successfully sequenced. The identified CoVs in Nigerian bats were from the unclassified African alphacoronavirus lineage and betacoronavirus lineage D (Nobecovirus), with one sample from Hipposideros ruber coinfected with alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus. Different bat species roosting in similar or other places had CoVs from the same genetic lineage. The phylogenetic and evolutionary dynamics data indicated a high CoV diversity in Nigeria, while host switching may have contributed to CoV evolution. Robust sentinel surveillance is recommended to enhance our knowledge of emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses.

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Wetzler, Gabrielle C., i Justin G. Boyles. "The energetics of mosquito feeding by insectivorous bats". Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, nr 4 (kwiecień 2018): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0162.

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Dietary studies have long shown that insectivorous bats do not often consume mosquitoes, despite cosmopolitan distribution and occasional ubiquity of mosquitoes (Culicidae). The apparent avoidance of mosquitoes relative to availability may relate to their small size, as bats may have difficulties detecting and capturing mosquitoes or they may not return sufficient energy per unit effort of capture. We used bomb calorimetry to determine the energetic content of mosquitoes from Alaska and Illinois, USA, and compared resulting estimates to daily energy expenditure of several bat species. On a per gram basis, mosquitoes were energetically comparable with other insects (26.82 ± 2.40 kJ/g dry mass); however, an individual mosquito contains little energy. Some small insectivorous bats could theoretically meet daily energy needs by foraging exclusively on mosquitoes for <2 h, assuming maximal estimates of the rate of successful capture of mosquitoes. Larger, omnivorous bats may require >25 h of foraging on mosquitoes to meet daily energy needs. Wet mass of the mosquitoes required to balance energy budgets represent 18%–92% of body mass of bats and tends to be higher for smaller species. Thus, it appears that a mosquito-based diet may be constrained by different factors in small and large bat species.

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Prada, Diana, Victoria Boyd, Michelle Baker, Bethany Jackson i Mark O’Dea. "Insights into Australian Bat Lyssavirus in Insectivorous Bats of Western Australia". Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 4, nr 1 (11.03.2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4010046.

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Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV) is a known causative agent of neurological disease in bats, humans and horses. It has been isolated from four species of pteropid bats and a single microbat species (Saccolaimus flaviventris). To date, ABLV surveillance has primarily been passive, with active surveillance concentrating on eastern and northern Australian bat populations. As a result, there is scant regional ABLV information for large areas of the country. To better inform the local public health risks associated with human-bat interactions, this study describes the lyssavirus prevalence in microbat communities in the South West Botanical Province of Western Australia. We used targeted real-time PCR assays to detect viral RNA shedding in 839 oral swabs representing 12 species of microbats, which were sampled over two consecutive summers spanning 2016–2018. Additionally, we tested 649 serum samples via Luminex® assay for reactivity to lyssavirus antigens. Active lyssavirus infection was not detected in any of the samples. Lyssavirus antibodies were detected in 19 individuals across six species, with a crude prevalence of 2.9% (95% CI: 1.8–4.5%) over the two years. In addition, we present the first records of lyssavirus exposure in two Nyctophilus species, and Falsistrellus mackenziei.

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Damásio, Lucas, Laís Amorim Ferreira, Vinícius Teixeira Pimenta, Greiciane Gaburro Paneto, Alexandre Rosa dos Santos, Albert David Ditchfield, Helena Godoy Bergallo i Aureo Banhos. "Diversity and Abundance of Roadkilled Bats in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest". Diversity 13, nr 7 (20.07.2021): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13070335.

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Faunal mortality from roadkill has a negative impact on global biodiversity, and bats are among the roadkilled animals. In South America, the Atlantic Forest covers southeastern Brazil, a region which sustains a large bat diversity. In this biome, the Sooretama reserves are crossed by the federal highway BR-101, one of the busiest in Brazil. We analyzed bats roadkilled along the 25 km stretch of highway that crosses the Sooretama reserves. Data were collected between the years 2010 and 2015. In total, 773 individuals distributed among 47 bat species were roadkilled during this period. The insectivorous feeding guild was the most affected, accounting for 25 species and 74% of the recorded roadkill, and those flying in the open area were the most frequently roadkilled (41.9%). Bat mortality rates did not differ between months of the year. However, the relation between rainy days and roadkill was negative. Monitoring by foot was more efficient than by car for detection of bat carcasses. Radars with a speed limit below 60 km/h reduced the rates of roadkill. The diversity of deceased bats found in this study represents 40% of the known species in the Atlantic Forest, and is the largest among current studies of species killed on highways globally. The present study raises concerns about the high diversity and abundance of roadkilled insectivorous bats and the conservation of these animals in the Neotropical region.

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Frank, Tanner M., Whitney C. Gabbert, Johel Chaves-Campos i Richard K. LaVal. "Impact of artificial lights on foraging of insectivorous bats in a Costa Rican cloud forest". Journal of Tropical Ecology 35, nr 1 (19.12.2018): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467418000408.

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AbstractDetermining the effects of light pollution on tropical bat communities is important for understanding community assembly rules in urban areas. Studies from temperate regions suggest that, among aerial insectivorous bats, fast-flying species that forage in the open are attracted to artificial lights, whereas slow-flying species that forage in cluttered environments avoid those lights. We measured aerial insectivore responses to light pollution in a tropical cloud forest to test this hypothesis. Bat echolocation was recorded at 20 pairs of light and dark sites in Monteverde, Costa Rica. Foraging activity was higher at artificially lighted sites than dark sites near the new moon, especially around blue-white fluorescent lighting. Most recorded bat species showed increased or unchanged activity in response to light, including some slow-flying and edge-foraging bats. This finding suggests that, contrary to the evaluated hypothesis, flight speed and foraging mode are not sufficient to determine bat responses to artificial lights in the tropics. Two bat species showed decreased activity at light sites, and a low species evenness was recorded around lights, particularly fluorescent lights, compared with dark sites. As in the temperate zone, light pollution in the tropics seems to concentrate certain bat species around human-inhabited areas, potentially shifting community structure.

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Andersen, Brett R., Liam P. McGuire, Thomas Bently Wigley, Darren A. Miller i Richard D. Stevens. "Habitat Associations of Overwintering Bats in Managed Pine Forest Landscapes". Forests 13, nr 5 (20.05.2022): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050803.

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Research Highlights: Seasonal variation in environmental conditions coinciding with reproductive and energetic demands might result in seasonal differences in species-specific habitat use. We studied a winter assemblage of insectivorous bats and found that species acted as habitat generalists during winter compared to expectations based on the summer active season. Background and Objectives: In temperate regions, seasonal fluctuations in resource availability might restructure local bat assemblages. Initially perceived to only hibernate or migrate to avoid adverse winter conditions, temperate insectivorous bats appear to also employ intermediate overwintering strategies, as a growing body of literature suggests that winter activity is quite prevalent and even common in some lower latitude areas. However, to date, most studies have exclusively assessed habitat associations during summer. Because habitat use during summer is strongly influenced by reproduction, we hypothesized that habitat associations might differ during the non-reproductive winter period. We used acoustic monitoring to assess the habitat associations of bats across a managed pine landscape in the southeastern United States. Materials and Methods: During the winters of 2018 and 2019, we deployed acoustic detectors at 72 unique locations to monitor bat activity and characterized vegetation conditions at two scales (microhabitat and landscape). We used linear mixed models to characterize species-specific activity patterns associated with different vegetation conditions. Results: We found little evidence of different activity patterns during winter. The activity of three species (hoary bat: Lasiurus cinereus; southeastern myotis: Myotis austroriparius; and tricolored bat: Perimyotis subflavus) was not related to vegetation variables and only modest relationships were evident for four other species/groups (big brown bat: Eptesicus fuscus; eastern red bat: L. borealis; Seminole bat: L. seminolus; evening bat: Nycticeius humeralis; and Brazilian free-tailed bat: Tadarida brasiliensis). Conclusions: During winter, the bats in our study were active across the landscape in various cover types, suggesting that they do not exhibit the same habitat associations as in summer. Therefore, seasonal differences in distributions and habitat associations of bat populations need to be considered so that effective management strategies can be devised that help conserve bats year round.

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Baker, G. Barry, Lindy F. Lumsden, E. Belinda Dettmann, Natasha K. Schedvin, Martin Schulz, Doug Watkins i Loraine Jansen. "The effect of forearm bands on insectivorous bats (Microchiroptera) in Australia". Wildlife Research 28, nr 3 (2001): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99068.

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We assessed injuries to the forearms of 17 species of microchiropteran bats marked for ecological studies and banded under the auspices of the Australian Bird & Bat Banding Scheme. Serious injuries were recorded in 16 of the 17 species, but injury rates varied between species according to band type, band size and metal type. Survival estimates were calculated for three species. In Nyctophilus geoffroyi mean annual survival was significantly lower for animals marked with bat bands that caused major injuries to 7.1% of recaptured animals than that for animals marked with bird bands that produced negligible injury rates. The results of this study have led the Australian Bird & Bat Banding Scheme to adopt a precautionary principle and impose a moratorium on the banding of bats belonging to the families Vespertilionidae, Molossidae and Emballonuridae. Applications to band microchiropteran bats are now considered on a case-by-case basis. Rigorous trials on target species are required to evaluate the efficacy of the marking technique proposed before banding approval is granted. Banding of potentially sensitive species is limited to studies in which the impacts of banding can be evaluated directly, such as at known roost sites. There is a need to develop alternative methods for marking insectivorous bats for ecological studies of wild populations.

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Castilho, Juliana Galera, Flávia Marchizeli Canello, Karin Corrêa Scheffer, Samira Maria Achkar, Maria Luiza Carrieri i Ivanete Kotait. "Antigenic and genetic characterization of the first rabies virus isolated from the bat Eumops perotis in Brazil". Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 50, nr 2 (kwiecień 2008): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652008000200006.

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Although the main transmitters of rabies in Brazil are dogs and vampire bats, the role of other species such as insectivorous and frugivorous bats deserves special attention, as the rabies virus has been isolated from 36 bat species. This study describes the first isolation of the rabies virus from the insectivorous bat Eumops perotis. The infected animal was found in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo. The virus was identified by immunofluorescence antibody test (FAT) in central nervous system (CNS) samples, and the isolation was carried out in N2A cell culture and adult mice. The sample was submitted to antigenic typing using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (CDC/Atlanta/USA). The DNA sequence of the nucleoprotein gene located between nucleotides 102 and 1385 was aligned with homologous sequences from GenBank using the CLUSTAL/W method, and the alignment was used to build a neighbor-joining distance-based phylogenetic tree with the K-2-P model. CNS was negative by FAT, and only one mouse died after inoculation with a suspension from the bat's CNS. Antigenic typing gave a result that was not compatible with the patterns defined by the panel. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus isolated segregated into the same cluster related to other viruses isolated from insectivorous bats belonging to genus Nyctinomops ssp. (98.8% nucleotide identity with each other).

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Richards, GC. "Nocturnal Activity of Insectivorous Bats Relative to Temperature and Prey Availability in Tropical Queensland". Wildlife Research 16, nr 2 (1989): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890151.

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The flight activity of insectivorous bats from two high-altitude regions in coastal north Queensland was measured over three years at irregular intervals and at night temperatures ranging from 7.3 to 26.8�C. During the latter part of the study, potential insect prey were light-trapped from one of the study areas. For all but one of the 353 records of bats obtained in 166 surveys, ambient temperatures exceeded 15�C. The dry weights of light-trapped insects were significantly reduced when night minimum temperatures were below 16�C. This study shows that high-altitude areas in Australia's tropics have a bat activity pattern similar to that recorded in temperate areas, and that the drop in winter bat activity is presumably a response to the lack of insects caused by cool temperatures. The period between birth and weaning exhibited by many bat species coincides with that part of the year when minimum night temperatures exceed 15�C. Cognizance of this behavioural pattern is necessary in the study of bat communities in montane regions of Australia's tropics.

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