Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Insect control”
Kliknij ten link, aby zobaczyć inne rodzaje publikacji na ten temat: Insect control.
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 50 najlepszych artykułów w czasopismach naukowych na temat „Insect control”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj artykuły w czasopismach z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
1
Messersmith, Calvin G., i Steve W. Adkins. "Integrating Weed-feeding Insects and Herbicides for Weed Control". Weed Technology 9, nr 1 (marzec 1995): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00023198.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Literature concerning interactions between herbicides and insects is reviewed. Herbicides can be toxic to insects or can affect them indirectly, such as by destroying food supplies, but they usually can be used with proper application timing without affecting insects adversely. Herbicides and biocontrol insects can interact either favorably or unfavorably depending on the life cycle stage of weed and insect, effect on predatory insects, changes in food quality, mobility of the biocontrol insect, and impact of herbicides on weed growth. Thus, interactions between a biocontrol insect and herbicide can be antagonistic, additive, complementary, or synergistic. Split-plot techniques to evaluate these interactions at an early stage of insect establishment are proposed to improve weed biocontrol.
2
Sunada, Shigeru. "Flight Control of an Insect". Advances in Science and Technology 58 (wrzesień 2008): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.58.20.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A butterfly's fore- and hindwings act as one low aspect ratio wing. The variation in the feathering angle is not as large as that of other insects such as a dragonfly and a damselfly. A butterfly varies the lead-lag angle of the forewing and the angle between the thorax and the abdomen at take-off. This implies the possibility that the insect moves all parts of its body to fly. This is an advantage that an insect has over a conventional aircraft. Moreover, a new method to investigate an insect’s flight control ability is introduced. An attached plate disturbs the insect, and a remarkable flight pattern can be observed. The flight control ability of the insect can be elucidated by analyzing the insect’s flight pattern.
3
Kodet, R. T. "Insect Control". Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 33, nr 1 (1.03.1987): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/besa/33.1.41.
Pełny tekst źródła
4
Styer, E. L., i J. J. Hamm. "Detection and Identification of Viruses in Economically Important Insects". Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (sierpień 2000): 666–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600035820.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Economically important insects include pests of plants, animals and stored products as well as insects produced commercially (honey bees, silkworms, insects for fish bait and food for birds and zoo animals). Other insects are produced in large numbers for experimental purposes, biological control of insect pests and weeds and the production of sterile insects for population suppression. Insect viruses may affect morphology, physiology and behavior, often reducing longevity and reproductive potential. Thus insect viruses can be used as biological control agents of pest insects. Insect viruses may also interfere with the production or function of biological control agents (e.g., parasitoids and predators) and insects used for research purposes. Therefore, it is advantageous to screen commercial and research colonies and imported insects for viruses.Electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens (NS EM) offers a relatively rapid and inexpensive means of screening populations of insects for the presence of viruses or viruslike particles and to monitor the progress of virus control programs.
5
Smith, Durward, Jay B. Fitzgerald i George E. Meyer. "Control of Insects on Ornamental Cuttings by Vacuum Disruption". HortScience 31, nr 4 (sierpień 1996): 676e—676. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.676e.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Insect infestation of plant material is a serious problem to the greenhouse industry. Nonpesticidal destruction of insects on plant material before they are placed in the greenhouse would supply producers and growers with pest-free plant materials and decrease pesticide usage and exposure of workers and the environment to chemical insecticides. The efficacy of vacuum treating chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) and poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) plants for the reduction of insect pests (aphids and greenhouse whiteflies) was investigated. The effects of surfactants on insect elimination was determined. Properly controlled vacuum treatment in conjunction with surfactants was found to disrupt the physical integrity of the insects in all stages of their life cycle.
6
Fufa, Diriba, i Emana Getu. "The Hidden World of Insect-Plant Interactions: a review". SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science 46, nr 3 (27.03.2024): 356–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v46i3.12.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This review examines the hidden world of plant-insect interactions by emphasizing on the sensory perception and behavior of phytophagous insects, nutritional influence on insect reproduction, host plant resistance, Insects, weed and crop interaction, Insect pollinator plant interaction, tri-trophic interaction, and insect biotechnology. It explores how insects use sensory cues to forage for food, find mates, perceive dangers, and navigate their environment. It also examines the influence of host plants on insect behavior and the use of chemical cues for communication. The potential use of semio-chemicals in pest management for sustainable agriculture is highlighted. Nutritional factors and their impact on insect reproductive success are also discussed, emphasizing the need for balanced diets. The different categories of host plant resistance and their effects on insects are examined. The interdependent relationships between insects, plants, and weeds in agricultural ecosystems are explored, with a focus on the role of insect pollinators. The decline of insect pollinators and the importance of studying them are emphasized. The importance of tri-trophic interactions in maintaining ecological balance and biodiversity is discussed. Moreover, the role of biotechnological techniques like genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and epigenetics in understanding insect plant interactions as well as developing insect pest control strategies is discussed. The potential use of natural products produced by plants in environmentally friendly pest control methods is also examined. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive exploration of insect-plant interactions and the potential for sustainable pest control methods.
7
Mweresa, Collins K., W. R. Mukabana, J. J. A. van Loon, M. Dicke i W. Takken. "Use of semiochemicals for surveillance and control of hematophagous insects". Chemoecology 30, nr 6 (23.06.2020): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00049-020-00317-1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Reliance on broad-spectrum insecticides and chemotherapeutic agents to control hematophagous insect vectors, and their related diseases is threatened by increasing insecticide and drug resistance, respectively. Thus, development of novel, alternative, complementary and effective technologies for surveillance and control of such insects is strongly encouraged. Semiochemicals are increasingly developed for monitoring and intervention of insect crop pests, but this has not been adequately addressed for hematophagous insects of medical and veterinary importance. This review provides an insight in the application of semiochemicals for control of hematophagous insects. Here, we provide specific information regarding the isolation and identification of semiochemical compounds, optimization approaches, detection, perception and discrimination by the insect olfactory system. Navigation of insects along wind-borne odor plumes is discussed and methods of odor application in field situations are reviewed. Finally, we discuss prospects and future challenges for the application of semiochemical-based tools with emphasis on mosquitoes. The acquired knowledge can guide development of more effective components of integrated vector management, safeguard against emerging resistance of insects to existing insecticides and reduce the burden of vector-borne diseases.
8
Siriyah, Siti Latifatus, Miftakhul B. R. Khamid i Fawzy M. Bayfurqon. "Study of Insect Diversity in Rice Agroecosystem in Karawang West Java". Jurnal ILMU DASAR 19, nr 1 (23.02.2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jid.v19i1.5619.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Insects were collected from rice fields in Karawang West Java. Since insects are dominant in Rice field, their role in the ecosystem are important regarding the rice production. Therefore, the occurance of insect species and their role in ecosystem are important to understand. The aim of this reasearch was to study the insect occurance in rice field in Karawang to obtain the potential candidate for biological control agent. The insects were collected using sweep net, pit fall trap and light trap. Nine insect orders were collected and 49 morphospecies were identified including insect pest, parasitoids, predator, tourist and detritivore. Paederus sp., Cyrtohinus and Micraspis sp., were the most abundant entomophagous insect that is potential candidate for biological control agent in Karawang.
Keywords: insect, insect diversity, rice fields, karawang
9
Jeschke, Mark. "Insect Biological Control". Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 30, nr 1 (2001): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jnrlse.2001.0017.
Pełny tekst źródła
10
Goh, Kean S., Ward M. Tingey i Donald R. Specker. "Potato Insect Control". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, nr 1 (1.01.1988): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.144.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF CONVENTIONAL VERSUS CONTROLLED-DROPLET APPLICATION, 1986: Potato seed pieces were planted in a Rhinebeck silt loam field on 3 Jun at the Cornell Vegetable Research Farm, Freeville, N.Y. Each plot consisted of a 30-ft-long row separated by 2 skipped rows. Plots were arranged in a split-plot experimental design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted hydraulic boom sprayer with 4 hollow-cone nozzles delivering 100 gal/acre at 130 psi and with a tractor-mounted controlled-droplet-applicator (CDA) sprayer delivering 5.3 gal/acre at 3500 rpm and 20 psi. Treatments were applied on 4 Jul and 4 Aug. Sampling methods and dates were (1) Colorado potato beetle (CPB): number of live beetles/10 hills on 3, 5, and 7 Jul; number of live larvae/10 mainstems on 11, 18, and 25 Jul; (2) aphids: number/5 compound leaves (from lower third of plant) on 1, 5, 11, and 18 Aug; and (3) potato leafhopper (PLH): number/5 D-vac sampling sites on 1, 5, 11, and 18 Aug. Weed control, fertilization, and other cultural practices were the same as those normally used in commercial production.
11
Semtner, Paul J., i T. David Reed. "Insect Control, 1988". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, nr 1 (1.01.1989): 298–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.298a.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract ‘Coker 319’ was transplanted into experimental plots 40 ft long (24 plants) and 8 ft (2 rows) wide at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Southern Piedmont Agricultural Experiment Station, Blackstone, Va., on 12 May. Treatments were set up in randomized complete block configurations with 4 replicates for 8 treatments in Test 1 and 5 treatments in Test 2. Experimental plots were separated by single untreated border rows. Insecticide treatments were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 24 gal/acre through 3 TX-10 spray nozzles/row at 60 psi. In addition to the basic treatments, Sweet and Low artificial sweetener (1.15 oz/acre) was added to separate Lannate and Orthene treatments. X-77 spreader-activator was added at 0.5 pt/acre to a third Orthene treatment. Applications were made for Test 1 on 27 Jun (ambient temperature 86-88°F) and for Test 2 on 17 Aug (ambient temperature 96-99°F). In Test 1 plants in the first row of each plot were infested with 2 second-instar tobacco hornworms/ plant; those in the second row were artificially infested with one 2-3-d-old tobacco budworm larva/plant. Hornworms and budworms were counted on all of the artificially infested plants in each row before treatment and at 3, 8, and 16 DAT. Myzus nicotianae were counted between the fourth and sixth lateral veins on the right abaxial side of 4 upper leaves of 10 plants/plot. In Test 2, field-collected budworms were used to infest 10 consecutive plants in the first row of each plot.
12
Forsythe, H. Y. "Insect Control, 1992". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 18, nr 1 (1.01.1993): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/18.1.16a.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Test materials were applied to 7-yr-old apple trees at Monmouth, Maine, as dilute sprays by handgun and hydraulic sprayer operating at 250 psi and 200 gal/acre. All treatments were made on 5 Jun (petal fall), 15 Jun (first cover), 29 Jun (second cover), 13 Jul (third cover), 25 Jul (fourth cover), and 10 Aug (fifth cover). The standard pesticide program consisted of Thiram 65 W (2.0 lb/100 gal) on 7 dates, and Nova 40 W (2.5 oz) on 5 dates. There were no mixtures of insecticides with other pesticides. There was a three-tree replication on each of the cultivars, ‘McIntosh,’ ‘Cortland,’ and ‘Red Delicious’ for each treatment. A randomized complete block design was used. Except for the test trees, the orchard was not sprayed with insecticides or acaricides. On 27 Aug, up to 100-130 apples were picked from each of the 9 trees per treatment and examined on 9-14 Sep for external egg punctures (AM), egg-laying scars (PC), and typical feeding injuries (CM and LAW). Generally, the entire season was unusually cool with sufficient rainfall in Jun, Jul, and Aug.
13
Goh, Kean S., Roberta L. Gibson i Ward M. Tingey. "Potato Insect Control". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, nr 1 (1.01.1988): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.141.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF OIL VERSUS WATER AS A CARRIER IN CONTROLLED-DROPLET APPLICATION, 1987: Potato seed pieces were hand-planted 12 inches apart in a Rhinebeck silt loam field on 5 Jun at the Cornell Vegetable Research Farm, Freeville, N.Y. Each plot consisted of a 33-ft row separated by 2 skipped rows. Plots were arranged in a split-plot experimental design with 4 replications. The carriers were the main plots and the insecticides were the subplots. Carriers were either water or vegetable oil at 2 qt/acre (Landoil—90%). Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted controlled-droplet-applicator (CDA) sprayer delivering 5.2 gal/acre at 3500 rpm, 20 psi, and 2.3 mph. Due to the low population of CPB on 8 Jul, 100 field-collected third- and fourth-instar larvae were introduced per plot. Treatments were applied on 9 Jul and 4 Sept. Sampling methods and dates were as follows: (1) Colorado potato beetle (CPB): number of live adults and larvae/10 hills on 8, 12, 27 Jul; and CPB/6 ft on 6 and 13 Sept; (2) aphids: number of alate and apterous buckthorn, potato, and green peach aphids/5 compound leaves (from lower third of plant); and (3) potato leafhopper (PLH): number of adults and nymphs/5 D-vac sampling sites on 14, 22, and 29 Jul and 6 and 16 Sep. Weed control, fertilization, and other cultural practices were the same as those normally used in commercial production. Yields were taken on 10 Oct for the entire 33-ft row.
14
Kumari, Pooja, Tarun Verma, Manisha Yadav, Priyanshu Pawar, Jarpala Mounika i Bhupinder Singh. "Advancements in Genome Editing for Insect Control - A Comprehensive Review". Environment and Ecology 42, nr 1A (marzec 2024): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/dpbb8704.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Genome editing technologies have revolutionized the field of insect control, offering promising strategies for combating insect-borne diseases, agricultural pests and invasive species. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in genome editing techniques and their applications in insect control. We discuss the principles and applications of CRISPR-Cas 9, TALENs, and ZFNs, highlighting their potential for precise and efficient genome modifications in insects. Additionally, we explore various insect control strategies, including genetic sterilization, gene drives and population suppression, enabled by genome editing. Furthermore, we delve into the ethical considerations and regulatory challenges associated with the use of genome editing in insect control. Overall, this review aims to shed light on the current state-of-the-art in genome editing for insect control and its implications for addressing pressing global challenges.
15
Jin, Shuo, Kun Qian, Lin He i Zan Zhang. "iORandLigandDB: A Website for Three-Dimensional Structure Prediction of Insect Odorant Receptors and Docking with Odorants". Insects 14, nr 6 (15.06.2023): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14060560.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The use of insect-specific odorants to control the behavior of insects has always been a hot spot in research on “green” control strategies of insects. However, it is generally time-consuming and laborious to explore insect-specific odorants with traditional reverse chemical ecology methods. Here, an insect odorant receptor (OR) and ligand database website (iORandLigandDB) was developed for the specific exploration of insect-specific odorants by using deep learning algorithms. The website provides a range of specific odorants before molecular biology experiments as well as the properties of ORs in closely related insects. At present, the existing three-dimensional structures of ORs in insects and the docking data with related odorants can be retrieved from the database and further analyzed.
16
Abdulbaki, M. K., E. Nwebor, D. Uzu, O. M. Arohunmolase, D. S. Daramola, D. E. Nwokpoku, F. O. Onyegbule i S. I. Nwaubani. "Comparative Bioactivity of Bamboo Leaf Ash and Bularafa Diatomaceous Earth against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky)". Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 26, nr 5 (31.05.2022): 961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i5.25.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Maize is one of the major staple foods in Sub-Saharan Africa and there is serious loss in maize storage due to insect damage. This study compared the bioactivity of Bamboo Leaf Ash (BLA) and Bularafa Diatomaceous Earth (BDE) against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) under laboratory conditions. Insecto®, a commercialized DE was also tested as standard check. Adults of the insects were exposed on maize admixed with the BLA at dose rate of 5,000, 10,000 and 20,000ppm; BDE and insecto® at a dose rate of 1,000ppm, at 28.20C and 82.2% relative humidity. Mortality increased with increasing exposure duration and all treatments showed mortality of more than 80% after 14days post-treatment compared to negative control with 0%.The treatments suppressed F1 progeny. Treated grains have weight loss less than 4%, kennel damage less than 14% and grain germination showed no significant change. The decreasing efficacy of the dusts against this insect is Insecto®> BLA > BDE. BLA and BDE have potential for the management of insect pests of stored grain in Nigeria.
17
Nie, Danyue, Jiaqiao Li, Qinghua Xie, Lele Ai, Changqiang Zhu, Yifan Wu, Qiyuan Gui, Lingling Zhang i Weilong Tan. "Nanoparticles: A Potential and Effective Method to Control Insect-Borne Diseases". Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2023 (11.05.2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5898160.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Insects act as vectors to carry a wide range of bacteria and viruses that can cause multiple vector-borne diseases in humans. Diseases such as dengue fever, epidemic encephalitis B, and epidemic typhus, which pose serious risks to humans, can be transmitted by insects. Due to the absence of effective vaccines for most arbovirus, insect control was the main strategy for vector-borne diseases control. However, the rise of drug resistance in the vectors brings a great challenge to the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases. Therefore, finding an eco-friendly method for vector control is essential to combat vector-borne diseases. Nanomaterials with the ability to resist insects and deliver drugs offer new opportunities to increase agent efficacy compared with traditional agents, and the application of nanoagents has expanded the field of vector-borne disease control. Up to now, the reviews of nanomaterials mainly focus on biomedicines, and the control of insect-borne diseases has always been a neglected field. In this study, we analyzed 425 works of the literature about different nanoparticles applied on vectors in PubMed around keywords, such as“nanoparticles against insect,” “NPs against insect,” and “metal nanoparticles against insect.” Through these articles, we focus on the application and development of nanoparticles (NPs) for vector control, discussing the lethal mechanism of NPs to vectors, which can explore the prospect of applying nanotechnology in the prevention and control of vectors.
18
Houseman, Jon G., A. M. Larocque i N. M. R. Thie. "INSECT PROTEASES, PLANT PROTEASE INHIBITORS, AND POSSIBLE PEST CONTROL". Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 123, S159 (1991): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm123159003-1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
AbstractSince the first observation that plants contained protease inhibitors, as identified by their ability to inhibit vertebrate enzymes, it has been postulated that the presence of these substances was related to their phytoprotective abilities. However the following assumptions (1) that phytophagous insects use trypsin, and (2) that ingested inhibitors disrupt digestive proteolysis in insects, have not been adequately tested. Identification of non-tryptic enzymes, cathepsin B, D, and H in phytophagous Coleoptera and unique trypsin-like enzymes in Lepidoptera, indicates insect proteases may differ from their vertebrate counterparts. Putative inhibitor proteins inhibited vertebrate trypsin and chymotrypsin in vitro but had no effect on the trypsin- or chymotrypsin-like activity from the insect midgut. Feeding experiments with the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), indicate that ingestion of inhibitors may not disrupt digestive proteolysis in vivo and the vertebrate trypsin inhibitor in corn may be ineffective as a phytoprotective strategy for this insect. Limitations and implications of ingested inhibitors for future pest control may depend on the origin of the inhibitor, as well as the insect's response.
19
Reissman, Timothy, i Ephrahim Garcia. "Cyborg MAVs Using Power Harvesting and Behavioral Control Schemes". Advances in Science and Technology 58 (wrzesień 2008): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.58.159.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The focus of this research is to use flying insects, coupled with lightweight electronics, to develop cyborg MAVs, or CMAVs. The premise isn't simply to build telemetry devices on the insects, but to embed controls and power systems within the insects to create MAVs that are alive yet manipulated in their actions. The model insect implemented is the Manduca sexta moth, which has a wingspan up to 10cm, a body mass up to 2 grams, and can withstand payloads up to 1 gram. The technique used to create these CMAVs is an integration of MEMS and CMOS devices onto a single silicon device that is surgically inserted into the moth. The control and sensor systems are powered by harvesting energy from the vibration of the insect flight by means of piezoelectric material and inductor-coils. Methods for controlling the insect flight include reactionary responses to visual and direct stimulation. Guidance is achieved through an ultra-wideband communication system and a micro GPS system. The primary discussion topics of this paper are the power harvesting devices employed and the control schemes used to manipulate the flight of the CMAVs.
20
Dadheech, Pankaj, Ankit Kumar, Vijander Singh, Ramesh C. Poonia i Linesh Raja. "A WSN-Based Insect Monitoring and Pest Control System Through Behavior Analysis Using Artificial Neural Network". International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, nr 1 (styczeń 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.290310.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Insect Monitoring includes collecting information about insect activity with the help of using traps and lures. Many different types of traps are used and they can be divided into the following types - Light traps, Sticky Traps and Pheromone Traps. After trapping the insect, the next step involves monitoring tools to monitor the further behavior of insects. Monitoring includes checking of crop fields for early detection of pests and identification of pests. Identification helps in finding which are the best naturally occurring control agents and assessing the efficiency of pest control actions that already have been taken. The main purpose of this paper is to design the insect monitoring system is to assess insect activity and gain population estimates so we can deploy a solution that will be most effective at protecting our crops. This system involves the use of traps and lures to get information on insect activity. Traps are strategically placed throughout the crop and include natural semi-chemical attractants to draw insects into the traps.
21
Riedl, H., i P. W. Shearer. "Insect Control with Insect Growth Regulators, 1988". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, nr 1 (1.01.1989): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.32.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Timing and rates of several insect growth regulators were evaluated for control of major apple pests and for their effect on phytophagous and phytoseiid mites. Sprays were applied by handgun operating at 200 psi to 2f-yr-old ‘Newtown’ trees. Treatments consisted of 4 single-tree replicates in a randomized block. Fungicides (Cyprex, Bayleton) were applied when necessary. Guthion cover sprays were timed according to CM development (see Washington State University Extension Bulletin 1072). The IGRs were applied from 150 to 250 degree-days earlier than Guthion to coincide with beginning and peak of egg laying. Dipel (Bacillus thuringieusis) + Guthion combination spray program was timed with Guthion sprays. Each material was applied in a program of 4 cover sprays. At mid-season (1 Aug) and at harvest (6 Oct), 100 apples/treatment (25/tree) were inspected for insect damage. In addition, leaves were sampled twice during the season to evaluate mite, WALH, and WTLM populations (100/leaves/treatment; 25/tree).
22
Masih, Sanjay Cyril, i Bhat Rayees Ahmad. "Insect Growth Regulators for Insect Pest Control". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, nr 12 (10.12.2019): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.812.030.
Pełny tekst źródła
23
Menn, Julius J., i Alexej B. Borkovec. "Insect neuropeptides: potential new insect control agents". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 37, nr 1 (styczeń 1989): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00085a062.
Pełny tekst źródła
24
Devi, Gitanjali. "Management of Dipteran Pests Through Entomopathogenic Nematodes". Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 25, nr 2 (7.03.2024): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jaeri/2024/v25i2582.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Dipteran insects are most destructive agricultural pests. They are also vectors of many diseases of human and animal. Much effort has been made to control this pest through chemical treatment. The application of biological control agents has been advocated as an ecofriendly control method for insect pests. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are obligate insect parasites that can be effective biocontrol agents for many agricultural pests including many Dipteran insect pests. EPNs pose much less threat to the environment than chemical pesticides. However, several biotic and abiotic factors along with method of application influence the bioefficacy of this organism against Dipteran insects. This review paper provides an overview of developments in entomopathogenic nematode research and evaluation of their potential for use against Dipteran insect pests.
25
Christiaens, Olivier, Jinzhi Niu i Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning. "RNAi in Insects: A Revolution in Fundamental Research and Pest Control Applications". Insects 11, nr 7 (3.07.2020): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11070415.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In this editorial for the Special Issue on ‘RNAi in insect pest control’, three important applications of RNA interference (RNAi) in insects are briefly discussed and linked to the different studies published in this Special Issue. The discovery of the RNAi mechanism revolutionized entomological research, as it presented researchers with a tool to knock down genes, which is easily applicable in a wide range of insect species. Furthermore, RNAi also provides crop protection with a novel and promising pest control mode-of-action. The sequence-dependent nature allows RNAi-based control strategies to be highly species selective and the active molecule, a natural biological molecule known as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), has a short environmental persistence. However, more research is needed to investigate different cellular and physiological barriers, such as cellular uptake and dsRNA degradation in the digestive system in insects, in order to provide efficient control methods against a wide range of insect pest species. Finally, the RNAi pathway is an important part of the innate antiviral immune defence of insects, and could even lead to applications targeting viruses in beneficial insects such as honeybees in the future.
26
Subekti, N., M. A. Syahadan i R. R. Milanio. "Comparison of the effectiveness of fumigant storin to control insect pests warehouse Lassioderma serricorne and Pholcus phalangioides". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 905, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012061.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Insects warehouse pests contained in commodities, especially tobacco, can cause a decrease in the quantity and quality of commodity. The main pest insects found in tobacco storage warehouses are Lassioderma serricorne and Pholcus phalangioides. This study aims to analyze and compare the effectiveness of the use of fumigant storin to control insect pests L. serricorne and P. phalangioides. Methods used in this study include preparation of test insects, fumigation application, identification, calculation of mortality, and data analysis. The data were analyzed statistically using the One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in morphility between groups of test insects. Mortality is highest in the L. serricorne test insect group, which indicates that fumigant storin is very effective in controlling barn pest insects, especially L. serricorne. To control insect pests warehouses in the future, it is recommended to use biopesticides to be safer for food.
27
Hall, F. R., i S. R. Aim. "Apple, Insect Control, 1984". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, nr 1 (1.01.1986): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.12a.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Test pesticides were applied to 34-year-old trees planted 40 ft by 40 ft in dilute sprays (ca 8 gal per tree). We used a randomized complete block design with 4 single-tree replications per treatment. Applications were made with a handgun at 450 psi to all plots on 29 May, 5 and 19 Jun, 2, 16 and 31 Jul, and 14 Aug. All treatments included Cyprex 65WP at 0.5 lb/100 gal. Rosy apple (RAA) infestations were evaluated by counting curled clusters per tree. Potato leafhopper (PLH) and green apple aphid (GAA), woolly apple aphid (WAA), and Japanese beetle (JAP) infestations were evaluated by counting infested terminals per tree. Spotted tentiform leafminer infestations were evaluated by counting infested leaves per tree. Major direct fruit insect damage was evaluated by randomly picking a minimum of 2 bushels of fruit per tree on 25 Sep and evaluating damage by specific insects.
28
Hall, F. R., i S. R. Aim. "Apple, Insect Control, 1984". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, nr 1 (1.01.1986): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.15.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Test pesticides were applied to 4 single-tree replicates: 1 Red Delicious, 1 Golden Delicious, 1 Jonathan, and 1 Stayman. Trees are 20 yr old and spaced 40 ft by 40 ft. Treatments were completely randomized and applied with a handgun at 450 psi to all plots on 10 and 29 May, 5 and 20 Jun, 3 and 17 Jul, and 1 and 15 Aug. All sprays contained Cyprex 65WP at ½ lb/100 gal. Green apple aphid (GAA), Japanese beetle (JAP), woolly apple aphid (WAA), and potato leafhopper (PLH) populations were evaluated by counting infested terminals per tree. Rosy apple aphid infestations were evaluated by counting curled clusters per tree. Spotted tentiform leafminer (STLM) infestations were evaluated by counting infested leaves per tree. Major direct fruit insect damage was evaluated by randomly picking a minimum of 2 bushels of fruit per tree on 2-11 Oct and evaluating damage by specific insects.
29
A.N, Aniedu. "A Smart Pest Control System Based on Automated Reverse Aerodynamics and Suction Technology". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr 11 (30.11.2021): 1811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39062.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract: Many diseases (including malaria, one of the deadliest diseases especially to those living in developing nations which kills hundreds on daily basis) are transmitted by household insects. Mosquitoes, one of these insects, bites humans and sucks their blood and are pathogens of several diseases (especially malaria) which causes ill health and many times lead to death if it is not well treated. This necessitates the need to smartly eliminate them without chemicals, which may be harmful to human health. This research aims at the design and development of a smart insect trap which attracts and contains household insects and pests automatically. The device incorporates a dual power supply that powers and charges the system, sensors which detects the presence of insects and triggers the vacuum suction mechanism automatically, a charge controller for controlling the charging of the installed battery, an ultraviolet light emitting section that lures the insects to the device, a chamber for containment and dehydration of the insect, and a smart microcontroller based control system. The developed design is smart, environmentally safe, portable and highly cost effective yet very efficient in eliminating household pathogen-transmitting insects and pests Keywords: reverse aerodynamics, pest control, smart systems, insect trap, vacuum suction, mosquitoes.
30
Grgić, Slavko, Jasenka Ćosić i Ankica Sarajlić. "ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI OF Fusarium: POTENTIAL FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS". Poljoprivreda 28, nr 2 (20.12.2022): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18047/poljo.28.2.7.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Insects cause multiple losses in agricultural production by inflicting direct or indirect damage and transmitting plant diseases, which is manifested in a reduced quality and crop yield. With the application of chemical insecticides, being most common in conventional agriculture, the effort is invested to find the appropriate alternative ways to control the pests that are environmentally friendly. One such method is a biological insect control by entomopathogenic fungi that have proven to be extremely effective in controlling many insect species from multiple genera. The aim of this study was to determine the possibilities of insect control by entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium and to show their potential in various forms of application, from a seed treatment, insect specimens, or storage areas. Numerous Fusarium sp. have demonstrated a high insect control efficiency at all stages of their development and are thus suitable for further research.
31
Jing, Xiangfeng, i Spencer T. Behmer. "Insect Sterol Nutrition: Physiological Mechanisms, Ecology, and Applications". Annual Review of Entomology 65, nr 1 (7.01.2020): 251–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025017.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Insects, like all eukaryotes, require sterols for structural and metabolic purposes. However, insects, like all arthropods, cannot make sterols. Cholesterol is the dominant tissue sterol for most insects; insect herbivores produce cholesterol by metabolizing phytosterols, but not always with high efficiency. Many insects grow on a mixed-sterol diet, but this ability varies depending on the types and ratio of dietary sterols. Dietary sterol uptake, transport, and metabolism are regulated by several proteins and processes that are relatively conserved across eukaryotes. Sterol requirements also impact insect ecology and behavior. There is potential to exploit insect sterol requirements to ( a) control insect pests in agricultural systems and ( b) better understand sterol biology, including in humans. We suggest that future studies focus on the genetic mechanism of sterol metabolism and reverse transportation, characterizing sterol distribution and function at the cellular level, the role of bacterial symbionts in sterol metabolism, and interrupting sterol trafficking for pest control.
32
Oberemok, Volodymyr V., Refat Z. Useinov, Oleksii A. Skorokhod, Nikita V. Gal’chinsky, Ilya A. Novikov, Tatyana P. Makalish, Ekaterina V. Yatskova i in. "Oligonucleotide Insecticides for Green Agriculture: Regulatory Role of Contact DNA in Plant–Insect Interactions". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 24 (10.12.2022): 15681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415681.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Insects vastly outnumber us in terms of species and total biomass, and are among the most efficient and voracious consumers of plants on the planet. As a result, to preserve crops, one of the primary tasks in agriculture has always been the need to control and reduce the number of insect pests. The current use of chemical insecticides leads to the accumulation of xenobiotics in ecosystems and a decreased number of species in those ecosystems, including insects. Sustainable development of human society is impossible without useful insects, so the control of insect pests must be effective and selective at the same time. In this article, we show for the first time a natural way to regulate the number of insect pests based on the use of extracellular double-stranded DNA secreted by the plant Pittosporum tobira. Using a principle similar to one found in nature, we show that the topical application of artificially synthesized short antisense oligonucleotide insecticides (olinscides, DNA insecticides) is an effective and selective way to control the insect Coccus hesperidum. Using contact oligonucleotide insecticide Coccus-11 at a concentration of 100 ng/μL on C. hesperidum larvae resulted in a mortality of 95.59 ± 1.63% within 12 days. Green oligonucleotide insecticides, created by nature and later discovered by humans, demonstrate a new method to control insect pests that is beneficial and safe for macromolecular insect pest management.
33
Ramalingam, Balakrishnan, Rajesh Elara Mohan, Sathian Pookkuttath, Braulio Félix Gómez, Charan Satya Chandra Sairam Borusu, Tey Wee Teng i Yokhesh Krishnasamy Tamilselvam. "Remote Insects Trap Monitoring System Using Deep Learning Framework and IoT". Sensors 20, nr 18 (15.09.2020): 5280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185280.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Insect detection and control at an early stage are essential to the built environment (human-made physical spaces such as homes, hotels, camps, hospitals, parks, pavement, food industries, etc.) and agriculture fields. Currently, such insect control measures are manual, tedious, unsafe, and time-consuming labor dependent tasks. With the recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of things (IoT), several maintenance tasks can be automated, which significantly improves productivity and safety. This work proposes a real-time remote insect trap monitoring system and insect detection method using IoT and Deep Learning (DL) frameworks. The remote trap monitoring system framework is constructed using IoT and the Faster RCNN (Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks) Residual neural Networks 50 (ResNet50) unified object detection framework. The Faster RCNN ResNet 50 object detection framework was trained with built environment insects and farm field insect images and deployed in IoT. The proposed system was tested in real-time using four-layer IoT with built environment insects image captured through sticky trap sheets. Further, farm field insects were tested through a separate insect image database. The experimental results proved that the proposed system could automatically identify the built environment insects and farm field insects with an average of 94% accuracy.
34
Sibilski, Krzysztof, i Andrzej Żyluk. "Modeling, Simulation and Control of Microelectromechanical Flying Insect". Solid State Phenomena 198 (marzec 2013): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.206.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This paper presents modeling, simulation, and control of a flapping wing Micromechanical Flying Insect (MFI) called Entomopter. The overall geometry of this MFI is based on hummingbirds and large insects. This paper presents methods for investigation of MFI aerodynamics, flight dynamics, and control. The simulation results reveal important information regarding the behavior of the system, that could be used in future designs
35
Barrows, G. L., J. S. Chahl i M. V. Srinivasan. "Biologically inspired visual sensing and flight Control". Aeronautical Journal 107, nr 1069 (marzec 2003): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000013245.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract There is increased interest in new classes of mini- and micro-UAVs with sizes ranging from one metre to ten centimetres. Many envisioned applications of such UAVs require them to be able to fly close to the ground in complex environments. The difficulties associated with flying in such environments coupled with the reduced payload capacity of such airframes means that new methods of sensing and control need to be considered. Good models for such methods are found in the world of flying insects. One particular visual cue used by insects is optic flow, which is the apparent visual motion seen by the insect as a result of its motion through the environment. This paper discusses several research efforts aimed at developing new sensing and control algorithms inspired by insect vision and flight behaviors. These efforts are part of DARPA’s controlled biological and biomimetic systems (CBBS) programme.
36
Carlos Henrique Marchiori. "Biological control performed by the Ibaliidae family (Insecta: Hymenoptera)". Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology 6, nr 1 (30.10.2022): 075–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjst.2022.6.1.0075.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Family Ibaliidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) is the only endoparasitoid of Siricidae larvae found in forested areas in Europe, Asia and North America. The Ibaliidae are distributed in the following countries: France, England, Germany, Austria, Russia, and introduced in New Zealand, Tasmania, mainland Australia, Uruguay and Brazil. The hosts are: Sirex noctilio Fabricius, 1793, (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and Urocerus gigas (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). The objective of this work is to report the potential of Family Ibaliidae as insect regulators. The objective of this paper is to report the potential of the Ibaliidae as insect regulators (Insecta: Hymenoptera). The bibliographic verification of Figitidae was carried out from 1970 to 2022. Manuscripts published in scientific journals and digital platforms on the subject were examined.
37
Yalemar, Juliana, Mari Marutani i R. Muniappan. "Cabbage Insect Control, 1988:". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, nr 1 (1.01.1989): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.107a.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Seedlings of ‘K-K Cross’ cabbage were transplanted 29 Mar, in a soil classified as clayey, gibbsitic, nonacid, isohvperthermic Lithic Ustorthents in Barrigada, Guam. Each plot consisted of 5 rows with 12 plants/row. The distances between rows and between plants within a row were 120 cm and 46 cm, respectively. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied with back-pack sprayers on 12 and 27 Apr and 6 and 16 May. On 20 May the percentage of plants with various insect damage was examined by observing 30 plants/plot. Insect damage rating was estimated on a 1-5 scale (1, no insect damage; 2, 25% insect damage; 3, 50% insect damage; 4, 75% insect damage; 5, 100% insect damage). On 23 May 20 heads/plot were harvested and weighed to determine yield.
38
Rajendran, Somiahnadar. "Insect Pest Management in Stored Products". Outlooks on Pest Management 31, nr 1 (1.02.2020): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_feb_05.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Insects are a common problem in stored produce. The author describes the extent of the problem and approaches to countering it. Stored products of agricultural and animal origin, whether edible or non-edible, are favourite food for insect pests. Durable agricultural produce comprising dry raw and processed commodities and perishables (fresh produce) are vulnerable to insect pests at various stages from production till end-use. Similarly, different animal products and museum objects are infested mainly by dermestids. Insect pests proliferate due to favourable storage conditions, temperature and humidity and availability of food in abundance. In addition to their presence in food commodities, insects occur in storages (warehouses, silos) and processing facilities (flour mills, feed mills). Insect infestation is also a serious issue in processed products and packed commodities. The extent of loss in stored products due to insects varies between countries depending on favourable climatic conditions, and pest control measures adopted. In stored food commodities, insect infestation causes loss in quantity, changes in nutritional quality, altered chemical composition, off-odours, changes in end-use products, dissemination of toxigenic microorganisms and associated health implications. The insects contribute to contaminants such as silk threads, body fragments, hastisetae, excreta and chemical secretions. Insect activity in stored products increases the moisture content favouring the growth of moulds that produce mycotoxins (e.g., aflatoxin in stored peanuts). Hide beetle, Dermestes maculatus infesting silkworm cocoons has been reported to act as a carrier of microsporidian parasite Nosema bombycis that causes pebrine disease in silkworms. In dried fish, insect infestation leads to higher bacterial count and uric acid levels. Insects cause damage in hides and skins affecting their subsequent use for making leather products. The trend in stored product insect pest management is skewing in favour of pest prevention, monitoring, housekeeping and finally control. Hermetic storage system can be supplemented with CO2 or phosphine application to achieve quicker results. Pest detection and monitoring has gained significance as an important tool in insect pest management. Pheromone traps originally intended for detection of infestations have been advanced as a mating disruption device ensuing pest suppression in storage premises and processing facilities; pheromones also have to undergo registration protocols similar to conventional insecticides in some countries. Control measures involve reduced chemical pesticide use and more non-chemical inputs such as heat, cold/freezing and desiccants. Furthermore, there is an expanding organic market where physical and biological agents play a key role. The management options for insect control depend on the necessity or severity of pest incidence. Generally, nonchemical treatments, except heat, require more treatment time or investment in expensive equipment or fail to achieve 100% insect mortality. Despite insect resistance, environmental issues and residue problems, chemical control is inevitable and continues to be the most effective and rapid control method. There are limited options with respect to alternative fumigants and the alternatives have constraints as regards environmental and health concerns, cost, and other logistics. For fumigation of fresh agricultural produce, new formulations of ethyl formate and phosphine are commercially applied replacing methyl bromide. Resistance management is now another component of stored product pest management. In recent times, fumigation techniques have improved taking into consideration possible insect resistance. Insect control deploying nanoparticles, alone or as carriers for other control agents, is an emerging area with promising results. As there is no single compound with all the desired qualities, a necessity has arisen to adopt multiple approaches. Cocktail applications or combination treatments (IGRs plus organophosphorus insecticides, diatomaceous earth plus contact insecticides, nanoparticles plus insecticides/pathogens/phytocompounds and conventional fumigants plus CO2; vacuum plus fumigant) have been proved to be more effective. The future of store product insect pest management is deployment of multiple approaches and/or combination treatments to achieve the goal quickly and effectively.
39
Hagstrum, David William, i Paul Whitney Flinn. "Modern Stored-Product Insect Pest Management". Journal of Plant Protection Research 54, nr 3 (1.07.2014): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jppr-2014-0031.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Stored-product entomologists have a variety of new monitoring, decision-making, biological, chemical, and physical pest management tools available to them. Two types of stored-product insect populations are of interest: insects of immediate economic importance infesting commodities, and insects that live in food residues in equipment and facilities. The sampling and control methods change as grain and grain products move from field to consumer. There are also some changes in the major insect pest species to take into consideration. In this review, we list the primary insect pests at each point of the marketing system, and indicate which sampling methods and control strategies are most appropriate. Economic thresholds for insect infestation levels developed for raw commodity storage, processing plants, and retail business allow sampling-based pest management to be done before insect infestations cause economic injury. Taking enough samples to have a representative sample (20-30 samples) will generally provide enough information to classify a population as above or below an economic threshold.
40
Baxter, Richard H. G. "Chemosterilants for Control of Insects and Insect Vectors of Disease". CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 70, nr 10 (26.10.2016): 715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2016.715.
Pełny tekst źródła
41
Wessnitzer, Jan, i Barbara Webb. "Multimodal sensory integration in insects—towards insect brain control architectures". Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 1, nr 3 (1.09.2006): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/1/3/001.
Pełny tekst źródła
42
Dey, Shamik, i Nandini Pal. "IMPACT OF BIO-CONTROL AGENT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF RICE INSECT PESTS". International Journal of Biological Innovations 06, nr 01 (2024): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46505/ijbi.2024.6106.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Insect pests and disease infestations are the primary problems in rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation. Mostly lepidopteran and hemipteran like yellow stem borer and brown plant hopper respectively are the important insect pests. Concerns about chemical free agriculture have promoted widespread introduction of integrated pest management, an ecologically based approach to control the harmful insects and pests. Integrated pest management is intended to reduce ecological and health damage from chemical pesticides by using natural parasites and predators to control pest population. This review article describes the impact of various biocontrol agents with respect to management of rice insect pests.
43
Chahl, Javaan. "Three biomimetic flight control sensors". International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems 2, nr 1 (4.02.2014): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijius-01-2013-0008.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Purpose – Insects depend on the spatial, temporal and spectral distribution of light in the environment for navigation, collision avoidance and flight control. The principles of insect vision have been gradually revealed over the course of decades by biological scientists. The purpose of this paper is to report on bioinspired implementations and flight tests of these sensors and reflexes on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The devices are used for the stabilization of UAVs in attitude, heading and position. The implementations were developed to test the hypothesis that current understanding of insect optical flight control systems is feasible in real systems. Design/methodology/approach – Design was based on behavioral and anatomical studies of insects. The approach taken was to test the designs in flight on a UAV. Findings – The research showed that stabilization in attitude, heading and position is possible using the developed sensors. Practical implications – Partial alternatives to magnetic, inertial and GPS sensing have been demonstrated. Optical flow and polarization compassing are particularly relevant to flight in urban environments and in planetary exploration. Originality/value – For the first time the use of multispectral horizon sensing, polarization compassing and optical flow-based heading control have been demonstrated in flight.
44
Singh, Sujata, Archana Singh, Varsha Baweja, Amit Roy, Amrita Chakraborty i Indrakant Kumar Singh. "Molecular Rationale of Insect-Microbes Symbiosis—From Insect Behaviour to Mechanism". Microorganisms 9, nr 12 (24.11.2021): 2422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122422.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Insects nurture a panoply of microbial populations that are often obligatory and exist mutually with their hosts. Symbionts not only impact their host fitness but also shape the trajectory of their phenotype. This co-constructed niche successfully evolved long in the past to mark advanced ecological specialization. The resident microbes regulate insect nutrition by controlling their host plant specialization and immunity. It enhances the host fitness and performance by detoxifying toxins secreted by the predators and abstains them. The profound effect of a microbial population on insect physiology and behaviour is exploited to understand the host–microbial system in diverse taxa. Emergent research of insect-associated microbes has revealed their potential to modulate insect brain functions and, ultimately, control their behaviours, including social interactions. The revelation of the gut microbiota–brain axis has now unravelled insects as a cost-effective potential model to study neurodegenerative disorders and behavioural dysfunctions in humans. This article reviewed our knowledge about the insect–microbial system, an exquisite network of interactions operating between insects and microbes, its mechanistic insight that holds intricate multi-organismal systems in harmony, and its future perspectives. The demystification of molecular networks governing insect–microbial symbiosis will reveal the perplexing behaviours of insects that could be utilized in managing insect pests.
45
Sorensen, K. A., i K. A. Kidd. "Foliar Insect Control, 1985". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, nr 1 (1.01.1987): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.111.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract ‘Vates’ collards were transplanted 22 Apr, near Benson, NC. Single row plots 10 ft long on 60 inch centers were arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated 4 times. Applications were made using a C02 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 54 gal/acre at 60 psi. Plyac spreader-sticker was used with all treatments. Applications were made 21 May, 4, 18, 26 Jun, 3, 10, 17, 23, 30 Jul, 7, 13, and 20 Aug. Thiodan 3EC (1 qt/acre) for harlequin bug control was tank mixed with the Biobit and Dipel 4AF treatments made 18 Jun, and after. Visual estimates of foliar damage (defoliation by larvae and feeding damage of remaining foliage by harlequin bugs) were made 16, 27 May, 3, 10, 17, 24 Jun, 2, 8, 15, 22, 29 Jul, 6, 13, and 19 Aug.
46
Cranshaw, Whitney S. "Potato Insect Control, 1987:". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, nr 1 (1.01.1989): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.136a.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract ‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes, planted 19 May at the Colorado State University Department of Horticulture Field Research Station north of Fort Collins were used in this study. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long, at 34-inch row spacing surrounded by untreated borders. Plot design was a randomized complete block with 4 replications. Treatments were applied 25 Jul and 14 Aug using a CO2 compressed-air sprayer delivering 68 gal/acre. Plots were evaluated by randomly selecting 35 leaves/plot.
47
Hall, F. R., i S. R. Aim. "Apple, Insect Control, 1984". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, nr 1 (1.01.1986): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.14.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Test pesticides were applied to 3 single-tree replicates: 1 Golden Delicious, 1 Jonathan, and 1 Stayman. The trees were 34 yr old and spaced 40 ft by 40 ft. Treatments were completely randomized and applied with a handgun at 450 psi to all plots on 29 May, 5 and 20 Jun, 3 and 17 Jul and 1 and 15 Aug. All sprays contained Cyprex 65WP at 0.5 lb/100 gal. Rosy apple aphid (RAA) infestations were evaluated by counting curled clusters per tree. Potato leafhopper (PLH), green apple aphid (GAA), woolly apple aphid (WAA), and Japanese beetle (JAP) infestations were evaluated by counting infested terminals per tree. Spotted tentiform leafminer (STLM) infestations were evaluated by counting infested leaves per tree.
48
Ghidiu, Gerald M. "Cabbage Insect Control, 1985". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, nr 1 (1.01.1986): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.113.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract ‘Ranger’ cabbage were seeded into a Sassafras sandy loam field on 15 Jul. Plots consisted of a single r ow 25 ft long and 5 ft wide replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were applied with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with a drop nozzle on either side of the row and 1 centered over the row calibrated to deliver 41 gal/acre at 40 psi operated at 2 mph. Treatments were applied 3 Sep and 12 Sep. Evaluations for the various treatments included direct larval counts per 10 plants (26 Sep), foliage injury ratings (expressed as percent defoliation, 17 Sep) and percent marketable heads (clean heads with at ieast 2 undamaged wrapper leaves, 2 Oct).
49
Ferro, D. N., A. F. Tuttle i A. C. Slocombe. "Potato Insect Control, 1988:". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, nr 1 (1.01.1989): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.137.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Potatoes were planted on 9 May in South Deerfield, Mass. Soil type was a fine sandy loam, pH 5.6. CPB pressure was heavy because potatoes were grown adjacent to CPB overwintering sites. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of two 30-ft rows with a 6-ft fallow area separating each plot. Treatments were applied with CO2-pressurized sprayers at 40 psi, delivering 70 gal/acre. Applications were made on 21 and 28 Jun and 8 and 15 Jul. CPB population densities were determined by counting larvae on 5-10 whole stalks/plot. To evaluate microbial insecticides, larvae were counted and recorded as early instars (first and second) or late instars (third and fourth). The performance of these materials was evaluated primarily by comparing late instar counts, as it took 4-5 d for the dead larvae to drop from the plants. On 20 Jul, the leafhoppers were counted on 5 leaves/plot. On 20 Jul, each plot was rated for defoliation on a scale of 0-100%.
50
Sorensen, K. A., i E. M. Johnson. "Collard Insect Control, 1983". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, nr 1 (1.01.1985): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.93.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Collards were transplanted 2 Jun near Benson, NC. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 42-inch centers. White plastic mulch was used on all plots. Terraclor was used in the transplant water. Treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow-cone nozzle (HC 17 70°) delivering 50 gal/acre at 60 psi. Insecticide applications were made on 16, 23, 30 Jun, 7, 14 and 25 Jul. Dipel WP (0.5 lb (AI)/acre) and Sevin 80SP (1.0 lb (AI)/acre) were applied to ABG-6146 treatment plots on 16 Jun and 23 Jun, respectively. Insects were counted 16, 23 and 30 Jun, and damage was evaluated 30 Jun, 19 Jul and 8 Aug. Harlequin bug damage was evaluated 8 Aug.