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Duarte, Andressa. "Participação da via PI3K/AKT na produção de óxido nítrico por macrófagos peritoneais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17147/tde-21102013-112320/.
Pełny tekst źródłaInnate immunity is the initial response to microorganisms, since it prevents, controls and eliminates infection. This system consists in epithelial barriers, plasma proteins and circulating and tissue cells. Among these components, macrophages have great importance, being capable of control and eliminate pathogen agents through phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Activation of PRRs by pathogens constituents in macrophages triggers events of the innate immune response, activated by various intracellular signaling pathways. PI3Ks pathway is known to regulate several functions in the cell, such as regulation of the cell cycle, migration and production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. NO is a central mediator in innate immunity, which after inflammatory stimuli, is produced in high levels by iNOS. PI3K-deficient macrophages produce less NO and exhibit impaired control of infection when infected by T. cruzi. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of PI3K pathway in NO production by LPS-estimulated peritoneal macrophages. The macrophages used in this study, WT and PI3K- / -, have the same phenotype. We observed that PI3K- / - macrophages have a lower NO production and express less iNOS. The low expression of iNOS after stimulation with LPS was also observed in WT macrophages treated with selective inhibitors of PI3K and AKT. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, along to lower iNOS expression, there is deficiency in AKT phosphorylation and decreased activation of the transcription factor NF-kB, suggesting that PI3K participates of the NF-kB activation. It was also observed that PTX treatment has decreased iNOS expression. However, LPS-exposed PFAR-/- macrophages present greater expression of iNOS, while CCR2-/- macrophage exhibit lower expression of this enzyme under these conditions. To investigate involvement of the PI3K pathway has \"in vivo\",LPS was administered i.v., as an endotoxic model, in which we observed a higher survival in PI3K- / - animals compared to WT animals and lower nitrite levels in serum. Our data suggest that PI3K enzyme is critical to iNOS expression and NO production by macrophages, possibly through activation of the CCR2 receptor, being involved in the LPS-induced shock pathophysiology
Gather, Fabian Matthias [Verfasser]. "Analyse der Expression der humanen induzierbaren NO-Synthase (iNOS)Einfluss der 5’-UTR auf die Expression der humanen iNOS und Expression der humanen iNOS in Modellen der neuronalen Differenzierung / Fabian Matthias Gather". Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205813624/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaZholobenko, Aleksey. "Biomimetic vectors for breast cancer iNOS gene therapy". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580137.
Pełny tekst źródłaZheng, Xilong. "Tyrosine kinase pathways, smooth muscle function and iNOS induction". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24569.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCampbell, Holly R. 1976. "Chlorine-induced lung injury and the role of iNOS". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111574.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this work was to develop a murine model of irritant-induced asthma in order to investigate the pathogenic processes and potential oxidative mechanisms involved in response to Cl2 exposure, with a secondary aim of examining the role of iNOS in response to Cl2 inhalation.
A/J, C57BI/6J (wild type) and iNOS-1- mice exposed to various concentrations of Cl2 were mechanically ventilated for measurement of lung mechanics and responses to i.v. methacholine (MCh). Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to examine total protein, cell populations and nitrate/nitrates. Tissues were harvested for histology and immunocytochemistry for iNOS, 3NT and carbonyl residues. To examine the role of iNOS, a subset of animals were treated with a selective iNOS inhibitor (1400W) and non-selective NOS inhibitor LNAME.
Chlorine exposure caused airway hyperresponsiveness, which appeared to be mitigated by iNOS blockade with 1400W, however this was not the case in iNOS-1- mice. Cl2 exposure also caused increases in total BAL protein, total cells, NOx, neutrophils, iNOS, 3NT and carbonyl residues.
In conclusion, chlorine exposure causes lung injury, similar to reactive airways dysfunction syndrome, characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, epithelial sloughing, inflammatory cell influx, oxidative injury and increases in both the activity and expression of iNOS. Chlorine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is mitigated, in part, by selective blockade of iNOS with the use of pharmacological intervention.
Godoi, Fernanda Nascimento de. "?leo de soja em dietas para eq?inos atletas". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/580.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This work aimed to evaluate intake in athletic horses fed diets with soybean oil inclusion and the effects of apparent digestibility of nutrients, digestive kinetics, faeces characters and physiologic, hematological and biochemical parameters and. In first essay, fifteen horses were used in a completely randomized design with three diets and five repetitions. Diets used were: diet without soybean oil inclusion (control); diet with inclusion of 8.5% soybean oil; diet with inclusion of 19.5% soybean oil. Trial had 34 days of duration, 30 days to adaptation of diets and four days to samples collection. Kinetics of liquid phase of digesta was estimated by LIPE? (Isolated Lignin Purified Enriched) in liquid form. The LIPE? was given only one time by oral infusion in 30th day of essay and faeces samples were collected at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72 and 78 hours after. Faeces characteristics were evaluate on 33th and 34th day of essay. Blood samples were taken before and at 34th day. Data were submitted to variance analysis and means compared by Student Newman-Keuls test, at 5% of significance. In secund essay, twelve horses were used in a completely randomized design with two diets and six repetitions. Diets used were: diet without soybean oil inclusion (control); diet with inclusion of 10% soybean oil. The trial had 82 days of duration, with three physical effort tests before, at 60th and at 82th day of trial. Heart frequency and body temperature were evaluation and blood samples for analyze of hematological and biochemical parameters were taken in five moments in function of physical effort tests. The first data collection, before the test, with horses at rest, and immediately after the test, and 10, 20 and 120 minutes after the physical effort tests. Data were submitted to non parametric analysis, at 5% of significance. There was a significant reduction of dry matter intake in horses fed high fat diet. Apparent digestibility of fat increased in high fat diets (P<0.05) and apparent digestibility of cellulose decrease (P>0.05) in diet with 19.5% soybean oil inclusion. Apparent digestibility of others nutrients, except crude protein, digestive kinetics and faeces characteristics were not affecting (P>0.05) in horses fed diets with soybean oil inclusion. Horses fed high fat diet increased (P<0.05) in blood level of erythrocytes, hemoglobin and triglycerides and reduction of mean corpuscular volume. Soybean oil in diets did not affect physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters along the time intake time and in function physical effort tests. High fat diets were palatable and safety without any colic or diarrheas cases. The soybean oil can used in diet for horses, reducing dry matter intake and increasing energy density of diets that is interesting to athletic horses
Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo de dietas com diferentes n?veis de inclus?o de ?leo de soja por eq?inos atletas e os efeitos na digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, cin?tica digestiva, caracter?sticas fecais, nos par?metros fisiol?gicos, hematol?gicos e bioqu?micos. No primeiro ensaio foram utilizados quinze eq?inos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com tr?s dietas e cinco repeti??es. As dietas utilizadas foram: dieta sem inclus?o de ?leo de soja (controle); dieta com inclus?o de 8,5% de ?leo de soja; dieta com inclus?o de 19,5% de ?leo de soja. O ensaio teve dura??o de 34 dias, sendo 30 dias de adapta??o dos eq?inos ?s dietas e quatro dias de coleta de amostras. A cin?tica da fase l?quida da digesta foi estimada pelo LIPE? (Lignina Isolada, Purificada e Enriquecida) na forma l?quida, fornecido no 30? dia de ensaio, em dose ?nica, e as amostras fecais foram coletadas nos tempos 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72 e 78 horas ap?s o fornecimento. As caracter?sticas fecais foram avaliadas no 33? e 34? dia e, as coletas das amostras sang??neas no in?cio e 34? dia do ensaio. Os resultados foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia e as m?dias comparadas pelo teste Student Newman-Keuls, com n?vel de signific?ncia de 5%. No segundo ensaio foram utilizados doze eq?inos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com duas dietas e seis repeti??es. As dietas utilizadas foram: dieta sem inclus?o de ?leo de soja (controle); dieta com inclus?o de 10% de ?leo de soja. O ensaio teve a dura??o de 82 dias, com a realiza??o de tr?s testes de esfor?o f?sico ao in?cio, 60? e 82? dia. Nesses testes foram avaliadas freq??ncia card?aca e temperatura corporal e coletadas amostras de sangue para an?lises hematol?gicas e bioqu?micas. A primeira coleta de dados ocorreu antes do teste, com os eq?inos em repouso e, imediatamente, 10, 20 e 120 minutos ap?s o t?rmino dos testes de esfor?o f?sico. Os valores m?dios dos par?metros fisiol?gicos, hematol?gicos e bioqu?micos foram submetidos ? an?lise n?o param?trica, a 5% de signific?ncia. Houve redu??o significativa no consumo de mat?ria seca das dietas com a inclus?o de ?leo de soja. O coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente do extrato et?reo aumentou (P<0,05) nas dietas hiperlipid?micas e o coeficiente de digestibilidade da celulose reduziu com a inclus?o de 19,5% de ?leo de soja. A digestibilidade dos demais nutrientes, exceto da prote?na bruta, a cin?tica da digesta no trato gastrointestinal e as caracter?sticas fecais n?o foram alteradas (P>0,05) pela inclus?o de ?leo nas dietas. Os eq?inos consumindo as dietas hiperlipid?micas apresentaram aumento (P<0,05) nos n?veis sang??neos de eritr?citos, hemoglobina e triglicer?dios e redu??o no volume corpuscular m?dio. N?o houve altera??o nos par?metros fisiol?gicos, hematol?gicos e bioqu?micos dos eq?inos alimentados com a dieta hiperlipid?mica ao longo do tempo de consumo das dietas e em fun??o dos testes de esfor?o f?sico. As dietas mostraram-se palat?veis e seguras, sem ocorr?ncia de casos de c?licas ou diarr?ias. O ?leo de soja pode ser utilizado nas dietas de eq?inos atletas visando suprir a demanda energ?tica e reduzir o consumo de mat?ria seca, desej?vel em eq?inos da modalidade esportiva Concurso Completo de Equita??o.
Yang, Bo. "Mechanism of age-related cardiac dysfunction: Role of iNOS". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289915.
Pełny tekst źródłaVakkala, née Mustonen M. (Merja). "Apoptosis in breast lesions". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2000. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514256506.
Pełny tekst źródłaArevalo, Iracema. "Cutaneous leishmaniasis : iNOS gene expression and a novel immunomodulatory therapy". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31183.
Pełny tekst źródłaPentavalent antimony (Sb5+) in the form of Pentostam(TM) or Glucantime(TM) is still the treatment of choice despite its toxicity. Aldara(TM) (5% imiquimod) is an immune-response modifying agent that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the USA for treating genital warts caused by papillomaviruses. We conducted an open-label, prospective study of combined Glucantime(TM) + Aldara(TM) therapy in subjects with CL who had previously failed a complete course of Glucantime(TM) treatment at regular doses. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Vittur, Sebastian Bernhard Frederik [Verfasser]. "Kontraktion und Kompensation iNOS-überexprimierender Mauskardiomyozyten / Sebastian Bernhard Frederik Vittur". Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1065394861/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaSartoretto, Simone Marcieli. "Avaliação dos mecanismos envolvidos na redução da contração vascular em aortas de ratas diabéticas: papel da iNOS e insulina". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-26062014-165520/.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the present study, we observed that in aortas (AO) of diabetic (DB) female rats have an increase in iNOS and S-nitrosilated (S-NT) proteins expression along with higher levels of plasmatic NO. Although insulin (INS) treatment did not normalize blood glucose levels, it corrected protein expression and NO concentrations. The iNOS inhibitor treatment reduced the altered expression of S-NT proteins and NO levels. The reduced adrenergic agonists (ADR)-induced contractions in DB without endothelium were corrected by INS and L-NIL treatments, such treatments did not affect the reduced vasoconstriction response to KCl in DB AO. The increase expression of estrogen receptors GPER and ESR2 found in DB AO was recovered by INS treatment. Our results showed that the increased expression of iNOS/NO generation is responsible for reducing ADR-induced contraction, but not for membrane depolarization-induced contraction. INS negatively modulates protein expression of iNOS, ESR2, and GPER receptors in DB AO; such effect may contribute to restore ADR-induced vascular contraction.
Lima, Carina Buzzo de. "Avaliação dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na expressão de iNOS mediada pelo eixo NAIP5/NLRC4-Caspase-1". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-11072014-093448/.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecognition of flagellin is shared by transmembranic TLR5 and cytosolic NAIP5/NLRC4. However, little is known about the individual effector mechanisms induced by extra and intracellular flagellin. Here, we have demonstrated that cytosolic flagellin-stimulated macrophages (FLA-BSDot) induced iNOS expression, an enzyme responsible for the production of nitric oxide (NO). iNOS expression was dependent of the NAIP5/NLRC4/caspase-1 axis and independent of IL-1β, IL-18 and MyD88, discarding TLRs signaling pathway. Still, this pathway do not require the activation of IRF-1 transcriptional factor, but involves NF-kB activation as well as the cleavage of the enzyme, PARP-1 (poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1). Finally, we have evaluated the biological relevance of this pathway in the control of the infections by L. pneumophila e S. Typhimurium, which define an additional effector mechanism to the control of pathogens.
Gélinas, Stéphanie. "Caractérisation des complexes oxygénés générés par l'oxyde nitrique synthase inductible (INOS)". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24681/24681.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMorgado, Eliane da Silva. "Digest?o dos carboidratos de alimentos e dietas em eq?inos". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/570.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This work was carried out to evaluate the fractions of nonfiber carbohydrate, hydrolyzable carbohydrate and rapidly fermentable carbohydrate of forages and diets and evaluate the apparent digestibility of these nutrients in horses. The study was constituted by four digestion essays with horses fed different diets. Digestion essays were characterized by: Essay I - evaluation of apparent digestibility of nutrients of forages alfalfa, peanuts forage, Stylosanthes, Desmodium and Macroptyloma and coastcross hay with mobile bags; Essay II - evaluation of apparent digestibility of coastcross with four different forms: long hay, chopped hay, ground hay (5mm) and ground hay (3mm); Essay III - evaluation of apparent digestibility of diets with forages and with concentrate inclusion. Essay IV - evaluation of apparent digestibility in horses fed diets with different levels of soybean oil inclusion, containing 5, 13 and 21% ether extract in diet. Samples of feeds, feces and colon digesta of horses fistulated at ventral right colon the essays I and II, were analyzed determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and hydrolyzable carbohydrate (CHO-H). Nonfiber carbohydrate (NFC) were calculated by NFC = 100-CP-ash-CF-NDF. Hydrolyzable carbohydrates were analyzed directly and rapidly fermentable carbohydrates (CHO-RF) were calculated by difference between nonfiber carbohydrate and hydrolyzable carbohydrates. Total carbohydrates were calculated by: CHO-T = CHO-H + CHO-RF + NDF. Results demonstrated that horse has efficient digestion of nonfiber carbohydrate the feeds. Among analyzed forages and peanut forage, presented higher coefficients of digestibility analyzed nutrients demonstrating potential in the use in diets for horses. Processing coastcross hay in different grinding degrees doesn't interfere in digestibility of fibrous carbohydrate and nonfiber carbohydrate fractions. Inclusion of concentrate in the diet increased the digestibility of nonfiber carbohydrate, hydrolyzable carbohydrate, rapidly fermentable carbohydrate and total carbohydrate, without affecting the digestibilidade of the fiber, while in diets with levels of 13% of ether extract, the digestibility the fractions of nonfiber of fibrous carbohydrate were not affected, however, in diets with 21% of ether extract, there was reduction in the digestibility of cellulose, nonfiber carbohydrate, hydrolyzable carbohydrate and rapidly fermentable carbohydrate.
O trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de determinar as fra??es dos carboidratos n?o fibrosos, hidrolis?veis e rapidamente ferment?veis em alimentos volumosos e dietas e, estimar a digestibilidade aparente destes nutrientes em ensaios de digest?o com eq?inos. O estudo foi constitu?do por quatro ensaios de digest?o em eq?inos alimentados com diferentes dietas. Os ensaios de digest?o foram caracterizados em: Ensaio I avalia??o da digestibilidade in situ dos nutrientes dos alimentos volumosos, alfafa, amendoim forrageiro, Desmodium ovalifolium, Stylosanthes guianensis, feij?o guandu, Macroptyloma axillare e capimcoastcross, pela t?cnica de sacos m?veis. Ensaio II avalia??o da digestibilidade aparente de dietas exclusivas com feno de capim-coastcross com quatro diferentes formas f?sicas, feno inteiro, picado, mo?do a 5 mm e finamente mo?do a 3 mm. Ensaio III avalia??o da digestibilidade aparente de dietas com alimentos volumosos e com inclus?o de concentrado. Ensaio IV avalia??o da digestibilidade aparente em eq?inos alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes n?veis de inclus?o de ?leo de soja, contendo 5, 13 e 21% de extrato et?reo na dieta. Nas amostras dos alimentos, das fezes e da digesta do c?lon dos eq?inos fistulados no c?lon ventral direito, utilizados nos ensaios I e II, foram efetuadas an?lises para a determina??o dos teores de mat?ria seca (MS), prote?na bruta (PB), extrato et?reo (EE), cinzas (MM), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ?cido (FDA) e carboidratos hidrolis?veis (CHO-H). Os carboidratos n?o fibrosos (CNF) foram estimados pela f?rmula CNF = 100-PB-MM-EE-FDN. Os carboidratos hidrolis?veis foram determinados por an?lise direta e os carboidratos rapidamente ferment?veis (CHO-RF) foram estimados pela diferen?a entre os carboidratos n?o fibrosos e os carboidratos hidrolis?veis. Os carboidratos totais foram estimados pela f?rmula: CHO-T = CHO-H + CHO-RF + FDN. Os resultados demonstraram que os eq?inos digerem com alta efici?ncia os carboidratos n?o fibrosos dos alimentos. Nos alimentos volumosos avaliados o amendoim forrageiro apresentou maior digestibilidade dos nutrientes analisados demonstrando potencial na utiliza??o em dietas para os eq?inos. O processamento do feno de capim-coastcross em diferentes graus de moagem n?o interfere na digestibilidade das fra??es dos carboidratos fibrosos e n?o fibrosos. A adi??o de concentrado ?s dietas aumentou a digestibilidade dos carboidratos n?o fibrosos e suas fra??es, sem afetar a digestibilidade da fibra, enquanto em dietas com n?veis de at? 13% de extrato et?reo, a digestibilidade das fra??es dos carboidratos fibrosos e n?o fibrosos n?o foram afetadas, no entanto, em dietas com 21% de extrato et?reo, houve redu??o na digestibilidade da celulose e dos carboidratos n?o fibrosos e suas fra??es hidrolis?veis e rapidamente ferment?veis.
Silva, Vin?cius Pimentel. "Digest?o Total e Cecal de Alimentos Volumosos em Eq?inos". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/576.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This work aimed to evaluate digestibility and degradability of nutrients, and kinetics of passage in horses fed with forages using mobile bag and in situ cecal digestion. Two digestion trials were carried out and seven forages were used, lucerne (Medicago sativa), peanut (Arachis pintoi), Desmodium ovalifolium, Stylosanthes guianensis, Cajanus cajan, Macroptyloma axilares and coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). Basal diet were composed by 80% hay and 20% concentrate. In first assay with mobile bags, five crossbreed horses were used with age varying from 17 to 27 years and average weight of 350 kg. A nylon cloth were used with 45? pore size, and bags with dimensions of 7,5 x 2 cm, containing 510mg DM of sample/bag. These assay had 12 days of duration, and three for adaptation, five days for naso-gastric insertion of bags and four days for bags collection in feces. Randomized block design were used with seven treatments and five repetitions. Naso-gastric insertion of bags were made twice a day, at morning and afternoon, inserting 29 bags, and four bags of each feed and one blank. Transit time and excretion of bags were evaluated until 96h from insertion. Nutrients digestibility of forages were calculated through residues inside the bags. In situ assay was conducted with caecum fistulated horse, weight 210Kg. Bags with 20x 6,5cm were used with 5,2g of sample incubated inside caecum along times 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours. A randomized design was used with seven treatments and three repetitions during 30 days. Orskov & McDonald degradation model was used to fit the nutrients degradation curves. Nutrients digestibility of peanut, Desmodium and Macroptiloma were high than others roughages (P<0.05). Any difference were observed (P>0.05) among transit time, mediun retention time and passage rate, average values were 23.34, 48.63 and 2.07, respectively. Degradation rate were high to peanut, Desmodium and Macroptyloma. Peanut fiber and protein degradability is superior to others tropical legumes, and peanut presented high protein contents. Tropically forages peanut, Stylosanthes guianensis and Macroptyloma axilares presented potential to be use in horse diets.
Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estimar a digestibilidade e a degrada??o dos nutrientes e a cin?tica de passagem de alimentos volumosos em eq?inos utilizando as t?cnicas de sacos de n?ilon m?veis e da digest?o in situ. Foram realizados dois ensaios de digest?o e os alimentos volumosos utilizados nos dois estudos foram, alfafa (Medicago sativa), amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi), Desmodium ovalifolium, Stylosanthes guianensis, guandu (Cajanus cajan), Macroptyloma axilares e capim coastcross (Cynodon dactylon cv. coastcross). A alimenta??o foi uma dieta basal composta por 80% de feno e 20% de concentrado. No primeiro ensaio, com sacos m?veis, foram utilizados cinco eq?inos mesti?os com idades variando de 17 a 27 anos, com peso vivo m?dio de 350kg. Para a confec??o dos sacos, utilizou-se tecido de n?ilon com porosidade de 45? com dimens?es de 7,5x 2cm, inserindo 510mg de MS de amostra/saco. O ensaio teve dura??o de 12 dias, sendo tr?s para a adapta??o, cinco para inser??o g?strica dos sacos e quatro de coleta dos sacos. O delineamento foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados com sete tratamentos e cinco repeti??es. A sonda nasog?strica foi inserida duas vezes ao dia, de manh? e ? tarde com 29 sacos, sendo quatro para cada alimento e um em branco, anotou-se o tempo de tr?nsito e a excre??o dos sacos foi considerada at? 96 horas ap?s a inser??o. A estimativa da digestibilidade dos nutrientes dos alimentos volumosos foi calculada atrav?s do res?duo obtido no saco. No ensaio in situ utilizou-se um animal fistulado no ceco, com peso vivo de 210 Kg e sacos de 20 x 6,5 cm, com 5,2 g de amostra, incubadas no ceco nos tempos de 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 e 48 horas. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e tr?s repeti??es, com dura??o de 30 dias e o modelo de degrada??o citado por Orskov & McDonald para descrever as curvas de degrada??o dos nutrientes. A digestibilidade dos nutrientes dos alimentos volumosos Amendoim, Desmodium e Macroptyloma foram maiores (P<0,05). N?o houve diferen?a (P>0,05) entre os alimentos em rela??o ao tempo de tr?nsito, tempo m?dio de reten??o e taxa de passagem dos sacos, observando-se os valores m?dios de 23,3 h, 48,6 h e 2,0 h, respectivamente. Os valores da taxa de degrada??o foram superiores no Amendoim, Desmodium e Macroptiloma. A degrada??o da fibra do amendoim forrageiro ? superior ?s demais leguminosas tropicais, assim como seu conte?do prot?ico. Os alimentos volumosos tropicais amendoim, Stylosanthes guianensis e Macroptyloma axilares apresentaram potencial para o uso em dietas para eq?inos.
Costa, Vivian Vasconcelos. "Papel do IFN- e da iNOS na patogênese do dengue experimental". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8S8JVB.
Pełny tekst źródłaA dengue a mais importante arbovirose que acomete o homem na atualidade e constitui um sério problema de saúde pública no mundo, especialmente nos países tropicais e subtropicais, onde as condições do meio ambiente favorecem o desenvolvimento e a proliferação do Aedes aegypti, o principal mosquito vetor. A ausência de tratamento específico ou mesmo de uma vacina disponível, somado ao escasso conhecimento acerca dos mecanismos envolvidos na patogênese da doença, contribuem a cada dia para o aumento do número de casos. Uma variedade de modelos experimentais tem sido proposta na literatura, contudo, grande parte não é ideal para investigar os mecanismos envolvidos na patogênese da doença. Neste trabalho,inicialmente, objetivamos desenvolver um modelo de infecção para o sorotipo-3 do vírus da dengue (DENV-3). Para isso, realizamos a adaptação de um isolado clínico ao hospedeiro murino. Os animais adultos selvagens (WT), infectados sistemicamente com o DENV-3 adaptado, desenvolveram os sinais clássicos característicos da doençahumana: trombocitopenia, hemoconcentração, aumento da permeabilidade vascular, hipernocicepção articular inflamatória, aumento dos níveis das transaminases hepáticas no soro, produção sistêmiica de mediadores inflamatórios, dano tecidual acentuadoassociado com elevada carga viral nos órgãos-alvo e morte. É importante ressaltar que o aparecimento desses sinais ocorreram de maneira inóculo e linhagem dependente. Embora o conhecimento sobre a patogênese da doença seja incipiente, atribui-se um papel importante às citocinas na resposta do hospedeiro infecção. Dentre estaspodemos destacar o IFN-, uma citocina com importante função na imunidade contra agentes infecciosos. No presente trabalho, avaliamos o papel desempenhado pelo IFN- e pela enzima iNOS, na resposta do hospedeiro infecção pelo DENV-3. Al disso, também avaliamos o papel das citocinas IL-12 e IL-18 durante infecção, visto que conjuntamente essas citocinas atuam estimulando a produção do IFN-. Vimos que os camundongos selvagens (WT) liberam uma grande quantidade de IFN- após a infecção com o DENV-3. Além disso, os animais deficientes na expressão dessa citocina (IFN-- /-) presentaram taxas elevadas de letalidade ap a infeco com o DENV-3. Estamaior susceptibilidade infecção e consequentemente, baixa sobrevida, foi associada maior lesão tecidual nos órgão-alvo para a infecção e com o prejuízo no controle da replicação viral por parte do hospedeiro. Interessantemente, a produção de IFN- parece ser modulada pelas citocinas IL-12 e IL-18. Para avaliar o mecanismo de proteção deIFN-, avaliamos também o papel da enzima iNOS no nosso modelo. Os animais WT infectados com o DENV-3 apresentaram aumento da express da isoforma induzida da enzima ácido nítrico sintase (iNOS). Além disso, após a infecção pelo DENV-3 e concomitante estimulação com IFN- in vitro, células dendríticas (DCs) produziram elevados níveis de NO no sobrenadante. Somado a esses achados, animais deficientesna expressão da iNOS (iNOS-/-) também apresentaram susceptibilidade aumentada infecção pelo DENV-3. Estes animais de maneira semelhante aos animais IFN--/-, apresentaram letalidade acentuada frente infecção, bem como aumentado dano tecidual em fígado e pulmões. Por fim, mesmo sendo capazes de produzir IFN- , osanimais iNOS-/- se mostraram inaptos em controlar a replicação do vírus da dengue, como verificado pelo alto título viral nos ógãos-alvo da infecção. Desta forma, concluímoos que a produção de ácido nítrico (NO) via iNOS induzida pelo IFN- uma via importante na resposta do hospedeiro à infecção pelo DENV-3. Na ausência dessas moléculas, hmarcante incapacidade de controle da replicação viral por parte dohospedeiro, levando a uma manifestação mais grave da infecção e conseqnte morte dos animais. Além disso, as citocinas IL-12 e IL-18 parecem ser importantes na indução da produção do IFN- neste modelo. Estratégias que elevem a produção dessas moléculas podem resultar em benefícios por parte do hospedeiro no controle da infecçãoprimária pelo DENV-3.
Song, Wook. "Exercise training reverses age-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase upregulation". Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1609.
Pełny tekst źródłaCraig, Graham Peter. "INOS mediates increased RhoA expression and altered cell signaling in diabetic cardiomyopathy". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32344.
Pełny tekst źródłaPharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of
Graduate
Aristóteles, Luciana Ritha de Cassia Rolim Barbosa. "Modulação da mecânica do tecido pulmonar periférico e da resposta do estresse oxidativo pela inibição da arginase e da iNOS em modelo experimental de inflamação crônica pulmonar". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5165/tde-31072012-113923/.
Pełny tekst źródłaIntroduction: The importance of the lung parenchyma in the pathophysiology of asthma has recently been emphasized, particularly in patients with severe asthma and difficult to control. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important modulator of contractile response, lung inflammation and remodeling occurring in asthma. Although its role in the modulation proximal and distal airways tone control has already been established, its effects on the lung parenchyma were rarely investigated. Aims: To evaluate the inhibition of arginase 2, through treatment with N-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine (nor-NOHA) and / or iNOS, through the administration of 1400W, can modulate the constrictor response of distal parenchyma, oxidative stress, the expression of iNOS and the activity of arginase, in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation in guinea pigs. Methods: The seven animals were exposed to inhaled saline or ovalbumin with increasing doses (1~5mg/ml-4 weeks) and treated with 1400W (2mg/kg ip daily) beginning after the 7th inhalation and nor-NOHA (10M - infusion in the bath during the evaluation of mechanical oscillation), or combination of 1400W + nor- NOHA (administered as formerly). Seventy-two hours after the seventh inhalation the animals were anesthetized, and exsanguinated and it was performed evaluation was made of oscillatory mechanics of lung parenchyma, and obtained the values of tissue resistance and elastance at baseline and after challenge (0.1% ovalbumin). Then the peripheral lung tissue fragments were fixed in formolaldeíde 4% for 48 hours. After completion of fixation, the material was subjected to routine histological techniques with paraffin to obtain sections of 4m thickness. The sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and by using immunohistochemical technique, we assessed the number of iNOS positive cells and expression of PGF2, of the transcription factor NF-kB and arginase 2 in the alveolar septum, through morphometric analysis. The expression of arginase 2, NF-kB and PGF2 in peripheral lung tissue fragments were evaluated at 400X increase by Image - Pro Plus Image Analysis System 4.5v and the results were obtained as a ratio between the amount of expression of arginase 2, NF-kB and PGF2 and are expressed as percentage. Regarding the content of iNOS in lung fragments, we used the technique of counting points, determined by the number of points coinciding in the positive cells in each field divided by the number of points that focused on lung tissue, using the increase of 1000x. Were increase of 10 fields analyzed per section, selected randomly. The results were expressed as cells per unit area (104m2). To assess the activity of arginase 2 we used the method bioassay described in the kit Systems using a chromogen which forms a colored complex with urea produced in the reaction of arginase. The determination of the activity of arginase 2 involved the measurement of reaction rate, expressed in terms of activity per milligram of protein (U/mg). Results: There were no changes in the percentages of structures (vessels, airways and alveolar tissue) lung tissue in four experimental groups, with more than 90% of the tissue fragment consisted of pulmonary alveoli. The animals that were exposed to ovalbumin, showed an increase in tissue resistance and elastance after antigen challenge, the number of iNOS positive cells, the of expression of PGF2, of NF-kB and arginase 2 in the alveolar septum well as in the activity of arginase 2, compared to control groups (p <0.001). The treatment with nor-NOHA or 1400W alone in animals exposed to ovalbumin attenuated the tissue elastance and resistance after antigenic challenge (p <0.001), the number of iNOS positive cells (p <0.001), the expression of PGF2, arginase 2 and NFkB in the alveolar septum (p<0.001). However the activity of arginase 2 was reduced in only in the groups that were treated with nor-NOHA and the association of 1400W and nor-NOHA (p <0.05). The combination of 1400W and nor-NOHA, in animals exposed to ovalbumin enhanced the attenuation of the expression of PGF2 in the alveolar septum (p <0.001). Conclusions: The present study suggests that in this experimental model of chronic pulmonary inflammation, inhibition of arginase 2 plays an important role in the modulation of constrictor responses and oxidative stress in the distal lung parenchyma. The association of iNOS inhibition to the arginase 2 enhances the control of oxidative stress response. These responses are, at least in part, modulated by the activation of NF-kB. The inhibition of these enzyme pathways may represent a future strategy for the treatment of patients with severe asthma and difficult to control
Cunha, João Paulo da. "Expressão do microRNA-27b, eNOS e iNOS nos corpos cavernosos de ratos submetidos ao alcoolismo e diabetes mellitus". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17137/tde-10012017-110614/.
Pełny tekst źródłaErectile Dysfunction (ED) is a high prevalence problem and appears to be related to aging, diabetes, alcoholism, obesity, dyslipidemia, smoking and other diseases that show related to endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO), a product of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS), was shown to be the most important vasodilator of smooth muscles associated with the erection. Micro-RNAs (miRNA) are recently discovered molecules which are supposed to act as regulators of approximately one third of human genes. The miRNA-27b is related to endothelial function and angiogenesis. This work aims to study the expression of endothelial and inducible NOS in addition to the miRNA-27b in the corpus cavernosum and peripheral blood of healthy rats, diabetic, alcoholic and with both pathologies. Were created four groups of 12 rats Winstar: control group (healthy) (C), a group with alcoholism (A), diabetic group (D) and group with both disorders (A + D). In each group 6 animals were studied for eNOS and iNOS immunohistochemistry and 6 animals the gene expression of eNOS, iNOS and miRNA-27b evaluated by qT-PCR in the corpus cavernosum and peripheral blood. The results showed increase expression of miRNA-27b in Group A, D and A+D in both the tissue sample and peripheral blood. Immunohistochemistry showed a increase of eNOS expression in group A+D and iNOS high expression in groups A and A+D.
Aheng, Marie-Caroline. "Etude de la protéine mitochondriale UCP2 au cours de l'encéphalite auto-immune expérimentale". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066106.
Pełny tekst źródłaPelosi, Valeria. "Ruoli distinti delle due isoforme di recettori degli estrogeni nella disfunzione vascolare in modelli animali di diabete". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425115.
Pełny tekst źródłaSouza, Flavia Castro Ribas de. "Efeitos dos tratamentos com glicocorticóides, com antagonista do receptor do cisteinil-leucotrieno D4 e com o inibidor específico da iNOS na resposta inflamatória e de remodelamento no tecido pulmonar periférico em mode". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-25052012-173836/.
Pełny tekst źródłaIntroduction: It is estimated that 10% of asthma patients have symptoms and important limitations such as frequent exacerbations or persistent reduction of resiratory function, despite the use of corticosteroids. The alterations of distal lung parenchyma have been recently evaluated on asthma pathophysiology, particulary in patients with refractory asthma and difficcult to control. These patients have increased oxidative stress responses, mainly with significant activation of iNOS. Aims: We evaluated the effects of montelukast or dexamethasone treatments associated or not to an iNOS inhibitor (1400W) on eosinophilic response, extracellular matrix remodeling, oxidative stress, actin content, IL4, IL5, MMP9, TIMP1, IFN gama, TGF beta positive cells of distal lung parenchyma in guinea pigs with chronic alergic inflammation. Methods: Guinea Pigs were inhaled with ovalbumin (OVA group) twice a week for four weeks. After 4th inhalation, GP were treated with montelukast (OVAM group-10mg/Kg/PO/day) or dexamethasone (OVAD group-5mg/Kg/IP/day). The treatment with iNOS inhibitor 1400W (OVAW group-1mg/kg/day) was given daily in the last 4 days (OVAW, OVADW and OVAMW groups). After 72 hours of 7th inhalation, GP were anesthetized, lung strips were retired and submitted to histopathological evaluation. Results: There was an increase in eosinophilic infiltrate, in the number of positive cells for IL4, IL5, TIMP1, MMP9, iNOS, IFN gama TGF beta, actin, isoprostane PGF2 alpha, elastic and collagen fiber contents in OVA animals comparing to SAL group (p<0,05). There was a decrease in the number of eosinophils, IL4, IL5, MMP9, TIMP1, IFN gama, TGF beta positive cells, collagen, actin and isoprostane PGF2 alpha content in all treated groups compared to OVA animals (p<0.05), but the treatment with montelukast did not reduce the positive cells for IFN gama, compared to OVA (p>0.05). Elastic fiber content were reduced only in OVAMW, OVADW and OVAW groups compared to OVA animals (p<0.05). The association of 1400W and montelukast treatments potentiated the reduction of actin, elastic fibres and isoprostane PGF2 alpha contents and the number of IL4, IL5, TIMP1, IFN gama, TGF beta and iNOS positive cells compared to montelukast group (p<0.05). The treatments with 1400W and dexamethasone contributed to a greater reduction of elastic fibers, actin and isoprostane PGF2 alpha contents and the number of IL4, IL5, IFNgama and TIMP1 positive cells compared to dexamethasone group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Corticosteroid treatment associated to iNOS inhibition contributes to a greater reduction of extracellular matrix remodeling, decreases the oxidative stress, and also is efficient to attenuate the Th2 inflammatory response in distal lung parenchyma. On the other hand, montelukast treatment associated to iNOS inhibition showed a higher efficacy to reduce elastic fibres content, oxidative stress activation, actin content and IL4 and IL5 expression in distal lung parenchyma. These associations may represent future pharmacological tools for controlling distal pulmonary histopathological alterations induced by chronic inflammation
Seyffarth, Gunter. "The expression of iNOS and its control in human intrauterine tissues at term". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343143.
Pełny tekst źródłaReddick, Jennifer I. "Evolution and gene expression analysis of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in fish". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420115.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoberts, Philip John. "The physiological expression of inducible oxide synthase (INOS) in the normal human colon". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395044.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaia, Robinson Magalhães. "Síntese total do ácido corcórico B: inibidor da óxido nítrico sintase induzível (INOS)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9138/tde-16032009-211330/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis present work describes the synthesis of the corchorifatty acid B, isolated from leaves of Corchorus olitorius, L. (Tiliaceae). This fatty acid exerts inhibitory activity on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO (nitric oxide) production in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. Since over-production of NO (nitric oxide) is the cause of inflammation, immunological responses (vg., endotoxin shocks), the therapeutic use of this fatty acid may be effective against inflammations cases and endotoxin shocks. The total synthesis of corchorifatty acid B, was achieved using the Stille and Wittig reactions to construct the trienone system (responsible for its biological effect.).
Broadbelt, Nalini V. "Regulation of iNOS expression : in response to pressure in proximal tubule epithelial cells /". Access full-text from WCMC, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1619205731&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8424&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Pełny tekst źródłaKankuri, Esko. "On the role of the inducible enzymes iNOS and COX-2 in colitis". Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/kankuri/.
Pełny tekst źródłaRamos, Renata Pinto. "Infecção esquistossomótica aguda: produção de citocinas em camundongos desnutridos e deficientes em iNOS". reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2007. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/3927.
Pełny tekst źródłaA esquistossomose está presente em 76 países, dentre eles o Brasil, atingindo 19 estados, estando Pernambuco entre os estados com maior número de casos. Em zonas endêmicas para o Schistosoma mansoni, observa-se, freqüentemente, uma sobreposição de subnutrição e infecção parasitária. Em estudos imunológicos em animais infectados pelo S. mansoni, ocorre um predomínio inicial da resposta Th1 que contribui para a formação do granuloma agudo, com a oviposição e sua deposição nos tecidos do hospedeiro. Essa resposta Th1 sofre uma substituição progressiva por uma resposta Th2. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a resposta imune celular em camundongos deficientes em iNOS, desnutridos e com infecção esquistossomótica aguda. Foram utilizados 200 animais subdivididos em C57BL/6 KO iNOS e C57BL/6 controles submetidos às dietas hipoprotéica ou controle e infectados com 30 cercárias de S. mansoni ou não infectados. A metodologia consistiu de análise da carga parasitária, da histopatologia e morfometria do fígado, cultura de células esplênicas para se obter os sobrenadantes e dosar as citocinas (IFN- , IL-4 e IL-10). Os resultados não revelaram diferenças quanto à recuperação dos vermes nos diferentes grupos. A análise histopatológica sugere que relacionado à variável deficiência em iNOS, esta atua inibindo a resposta inflamatória dos granulomas no início da infecção. Ainda em relação a variável deficiência de iNOS, no grupo KO EI, o único parâmetro morfométrico hepático mais elevado foi o volume dos granulomas em relação ao seu controle C57 EI, salientando que a ausência de óxido nítrico sugere um aumento da reação celular em torno dos ovos. O fator dieta não interfere na resposta inflamatória entre os animais deficientes em iNOS, em todos os tempos analisados. Em relação às citocinas de um modo geral, o fator deficiência em iNOS não aumentou a resposta Th2 (IL-4 e IL-10), e por isso a resposta Th1 (IFN-g) permaneceu maior nos grupos com deficiência em iNOS. No entanto, quando a dieta hipoprotéica é associada a essa deficiência ocorre uma diminuição da resposta Th2, no início da infecção. Portanto, o fator dieta e a deficiência em iNOS não parecem atuar sinergicamente e em algumas etapas sugere efeitos conflitantes
Torihashi, Shigeko, Hiroshi Ozaki, Masatoshi Hori, Muneto Kita, Sachiyo Ohota, Hideaki Karaki i 茂子 鳥橋. "Resident macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) suppress muscle tension and initiate inflammatory response in the gastrointestinal muscle layer". Springer, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7448.
Pełny tekst źródłaHorn, Michael [Verfasser], i G. U. [Akademischer Betreuer] Nienhaus. "Spektroskopische Untersuchungen an der induzierbaren Stickstoffmonoxid-Synthase (iNOS) / Michael Horn ; Betreuer: G. U. Nienhaus". Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162540893/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaMalorgio, Francesca. "Espressione di iNOS e metabolismo dell'adenosina in cellule muscolari lisce vascolari di ratti diabetici". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427413.
Pełny tekst źródłaIl diabete è una malattia metabolica associata ad aumentato rischio cardiovascolare. Nel diabete inoltre, in seguito all’attivazione della proteina iNOS, si ha una notevole produzione di perossinitrito che è implicato in molti disordini vascolari. A livello cardiovascolare l’adenosina manifesta diverse proprietà vasoprotettive: induce infatti vasodilatazione, inibisce l’aggregazione piastrinica e ne previene l’adesione, inibisce la crescita delle cellule muscolari lisce vascolari (VSMC) (Ikeda et al., 1997). Diverse evidenze suggeriscono che l’adenosina prodotta dalle VSMC può indurre i suoi effetti in parte attraverso la produzione di NO a livello della parete dei vasi: il nucleoside, per interazione con i recettori A2, modula l’espressione della proteina iNOS indotta da citochine e di conseguenza il rilascio di NO dalle VSMC (Dubey et al., 1998; St. Hilaire et al., 2008). Dal momento che un’aumentata produzione di iNOS è coinvolta nella disfunzione vascolare diabetica, si è studiato il potenziale ruolo anti-infiammatorio dell’adenosina in tale processo, determinando l’effetto del nucleoside e dei composti ad esso correlati sull’espressione di iNOS in cellule muscolari lisce vascolari di ratti resi diabetici in confronto con ratti normoglicemici. A tale scopo ad una parte degli animali è stato indotto il diabete mediante iniezione nella vena caudale di streptozotocina. Il prelievo dell’aorta dei ratti per l’ottenimento delle colture cellulari è stato effettuato dopo quattro settimane dal trattamento, considerando diabetici solo gli animali con valore di glicemia superiore a 300 mg/dl. Per indurre l’espressione della proteina iNOS le cellule muscolari lisce vascolari di ratti sani e diabetici sono state stimolate per 24 h con una miscela costituita da LPS più citochine (citomix) e queste cellule sono state trattate con adenosina esogena. Dall’analisi di Western blot emerge che la purina impiegata in concentrazione 1 mM causa un aumento significativo dei livelli di iNOS nelle cellule di ratti diabetici. Questo aumento non è influenzato dal trattamento con NBTI, inibitore dei trasportatori equilibrativi per l’adenosina, ma è potenziato in seguito all’aggiunta di EHNA, inibitore dell’adenosina deaminasi, enzima che converte l’adenosina in inosina. L’inosina esogena non influenza l’espressione di iNOS nelle VSMC controllo e diabetiche, mentre il precursore dell’adenosina, AMP, mima l’effetto dell’adenosina sulla produzione di iNOS nelle cellule diabetiche. L’AOPCP, inibitore dell’enzima CD73, che promuove la defosforilazione di AMP in adenosina, non provoca variazione dell’espressione di iNOS, rispetto al trattamento con solo AMP. Stimolando le VSMC con citomix e NBTI, EHNA o AOPCP in assenza di purine esogene, si è dimostrato che solo il trattamento con EHNA causa, nelle cellule di ratti normoglicemici, una diminuzione significativa della produzione di iNOS, indicando che l’adenosina deaminasi rappresenta la principale via di eliminazione del nucleoside in condizioni non patologiche. Le quantità di adenosina rimasta nel medium di incubazione dopo 24 h e quella dei suoi metaboliti sono state monitorate con metodo HPLC. Al termine dell’incubazione l’adenosina scompare dal medium, mentre si accumulano inosina e ipoxantina. Nelle cellule controllo NBTI permette il recupero della metà dell’adenosina inizialmente aggiunta, mentre nelle cellule diabetiche il recupero è inferiore, indicando probabilmente un diverso contributo dei trasportatori equilibrativi alla rimozione del nucleoside nel diabete. Al contrario l’aggiunta di EHNA non causa variazioni nella quantità di adenosina recuperata nelle cellule controllo rispetto a quelle diabetiche. Anche l’AMP scompare dal medium dopo 24 h con produzione di inosina e ipoxantina; l’aggiunta di AOPCP permette il recupero del 47% del nucleotide nel medium di incubazione delle cellule di ratti sani e solo il 5% nel medium delle cellule di ratti diabetici, suggerendo un’alterazione dell’attività o dell’espressione dell’enzima CD73 associata al diabete. Questi risultati dimostrano che alterazioni a livello delle vie di eliminazione e formazione dell’adenosina sono presenti nella disfunzione vascolare diabetica. Inoltre, a concentrazioni elevate l’adenosina sembra perdere il suo effetto protettivo, in quanto stimola la formazione di iNOS, con conseguenze che possono essere dannose per la cellula. Il diabete rende, pertanto, le VSMC più sensibili al potenziale effetto proinfiammatorio di elevate concentrazioni di adenosina in termini di espressione della proteina iNOS.
Neumann, Laura. "Charakterisierung von B-Zellen und Plasmazellen im Kontext einer chronischen Helicobacter pylori-Infektion". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19289.
Pełny tekst źródłaHelicobacter pylori is a human-pathogenic bacterium that colonizes the stomach and thereby initiates host immune response. Instead of a complete eradication of H. pylori by the induced immune response, a lifelong bacterial persistence leads to chronic infections. Interestingly, up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has been observed in gastric mucosal tissue during the course of H. pylori infection in humans, however the cellular sources and underlying mechanisms of iNOS induction are not fully understood. iNOS-dependent production of nitric oxide (NO) is one of the factors commonly linked to both, anti-microbial immunity and pathology. Therefore, in this thesis iNOS-expressing plasma cells (PCs) in the stomach mucosa of H. pylori-infected patients were isolated and phenotypically analyzed by flow cytometry, as well as screened using molecular techniques regarding their immunoglobuline (Ig) repertoires. For the first time, we identified mucosal IgA-producing PCs as a major iNOS+ cell population during H. pylori infection in humans, and additionally confirmed their intracellular nitric oxide production. Since iNOS+ PCs were not detectable in other gastrointestinal infectious diseases, this reaction does not seem to be a general feature of mucosal PCs under conditions of infection. Additionally, intracellular cytokine expression analyses of mucosal B-lineage cells isolated from H. pylori patients revealed a co-expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α in iNOS+ memory B cells and the expression of TNF-α in iNOS+ PCs, but not in iNOS− cells. Molecular analysis of the Ig repertoire of iNOS+ and iNOS− PCs of the VHDJH regions revealed no significant differences regarding the Ig isotype composition, VH and JH gene family usage, CDRH3 length, and frequency of somatic mutations and all antibodies were characterized by typical properties of T cell-dependent affinity maturation.
Silva, Aleksandra Alves. "Efeito de inibidores farmacologicos da iNOS na sensibilidade e sinalização de insulina em animais obesos". [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311208.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: As óxido nítrico sintases (NOS) são divididas em dois grandes grupos de enzimas, NOS induzível (iNOS) e NOS constitutivas (cNOS). Embora o óxido nítrico (NO) seja um importante mediador de defesa do organismo, a produção excessiva de NO está envolvida na patogênese de muitas doenças inflamatórias e metabólicas. Alguns estudos demonstram que o óxido nítrico exógeno e o NO produzido pela iNOS pode induzir resistência à insulina em músculo e desempenha um papel importante na hiperglicemia de jejum. Este estudo teve como objetivo sintetizar e investigar o efeito de um potente e seletivo inibidor de atividade da iNOS, o Iodato de S-Metilisotiouréia (I-SMT) 5 mg/kg por dia, na hiperglicemia de jejum e na resistência à insulina em um modelo de obesidade induzida por dieta hiperlipídica. Foram observados os parâmetros metabólicos e de sinalização celular da Proteína quinase B/Akt (Akt) e os resultados fornecem evidências de que o grupo tratado com I-SMT foi protegido contra o desenvolvimento de resistência à insulina, e intolerância à glicose induzida por dieta hiperlipídica. Portanto, propomos que potentes inibidores farmacológicos, com seletividade significativa pela iNOS podem representar uma nova abordagem terapêutica para o tratamento da resistência à insulina e suas complicações como o diabetes tipo 2.
Abstract: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been divided into two major sub-enzymes, inducible NOS (iNOS) and constitutive NOS (cNOS). Although nitric oxide (NO) is an important defense mediator, the excessive production of NO has been involved in the pathology of many inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Some studies demonstrate that exogenous nitric oxide (NO) and the NO produced by iNOS can induce insulin resistance in muscle and plays an important role in fasting hyperglycemia. This study investigates the effect of a potent and selective iNOS activity inhibitor, the S-Methylisothiourea Iodide (SMT-I) 5 mg/kg per day, in fasting hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity model. We observed the metabolic parameters and Akt signalization and these findings provide evidence that the SMT-I treated group are protected against the development of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and diet-induced obesity. Therefore, we propose that highly selective inhibitors of iNOS activity may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the therapy of insulin resistance and its complications as type 2 diabetes.
Mestrado
Biologia Estrutural, Celular, Molecular e do Desenvolvimento
Mestre em Fisiopatologia Médica
Franque, Marcos Pinheiro. "Aspectos biol?gicos de Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) mediante infesta??es experimentais em eq?inos". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/745.
Pełny tekst źródłaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
This work aimed the evaluation of biological parameters of parasitic and non-parasitic phases of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (= Boophilus microplus) in equine. Four equines were individually infested with approximately 40,000 larvae obteined of R. (B.) microplus females engorged in bovines, being in two of them established three infestations. In the place of larvae fixation, it was noticed development of an intense itchy reaction and the larvae involved in a serum exudates. A larval mortality of approximately 90% was observed, with a small number of larvae changing to nymph stage. The mortality of nymphs was around 60%, with reduction of the itchy reaction, and in the adult stage was observed approximately 30% of mortality. As for the susceptibility, it was observed that two equine were resistant, one moderately resistant and one sensitive to the establishment of infestation by R. (B.) microplus. In the equine considered sensitive, were made observations of parasitic and non-parasitic phase of this ixodid. According to the parameters of the parasitic phase of R. (B.) microplus, of the three experimental infestations, the day at the beginning of detachment of females occurred among infestations were 28 and 31 days, during 12 days at first infestation and 20 days at second and thirst infestation, presentin modal day at 32?; 36? and 37? day, respectively. Were recovered 179 females of R. (B.) microlus at first infestation, 187 and 358 at the second and thirst infestation, corresponding to a mean recovery rate between 0.90 and 1.79%. The means periods of parasitic phase increase among infestations, during between 33. 27 and 38.51 days, being obteined females with mean weight of 90.0mg at the first infestation, 81.5 mg at second and 109.4mg at thirst infestation, considering all females recovered. For the estudy of the non-parasitic phase were selected form each infestation 20, 49, 71 females, presenting means weights of 151.8; 121.1 and 147.8 mg, respectively. The means periods of pre-posture were between 2.8 and 3.5 days. The means periods of posture were of 13.6; 11.7 and 13.4 days, respectively, with pick of posture occurring at the 3rd day after the beginning at three infestations. The means weights of posture were verified between 57.3 and 80.6mg corresponding to 1,146.9 and 1,611.4 eggs produced. The means periods of incubation of eggs produced by R. (B.) microplus studied females occurred between 23.7 and 29 days, presenting hatch means rates decreasing of 67% in the first infestation to 54.7% at the thirst infestation. The means of reprodutive efficiency index also decreased among infestations of 35.5% to 26.9% at the last infestation. It was verified that the means periods between the infestation date and the beginning of the larval appearance were between 60.0 and 64.9 days. These results demonstrate that, starting from experimental infestation in equine, R. (B.) microplus is able to complete the biological cycle for at least one generation, resulting in a number of larvae enough to infest pastures.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar par?metros biol?gicos de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (= Boophilus microplus) mediante infesta??es expermentais em eq?inos. Foram utilizados quatro eq?inos infestados individualmente com aproximadamente 40.000 larvas, obtidas de f?meas de R. (B.) microplus alimentadas em bovino, sendo realizadas tr?s infesta??es em dois destes equinos. No local de fixa??o das larvas notou-se desenvolvimento de uma intensa rea??o pruriginosa e as larvas envolvidas em um exsudato seroso. Foi observada uma mortalidade larval de aproximadamente 90%, com um pequeno n?mero larvas mudando para o est?gio de ninfa. A mortalidade de ninfas ocorreu em torno de 60%, com redu??o da rea??o pruriginosa, e no est?gio adulto notou-se mortalidade de aproximadamente 30%. Quanto ? susceptibilidade, observou-se que dois eq?inos foram resistentes, um moderadamente resistente e um sens?vel ao estabelecimento da infesta??o por R. (B.) microplus. No eq?ino considerado sens?vel, foram realizadas as observa??es de fase parasit?ria e n?o parasit?ria deste ixod?deo. Em rela??o aos par?metros da fase parasit?ria de R. (B.) microplus, nas tr?s infeta??es, o dia de in?cio do desprendimento das f?mas ocorreu entre 28 e 31 dias, durando 12 dias na primeira infesta??o e 20 dias na segunda e terceira infesta??es, apresentando dia modal no 32?, 36? e 37? dia respectivamente, ap?s as infesta??es com as larvas. Foram recuperadas 179 f?meas de R. (B.) microplus na primeira infesta??o, 187 na segunda e 358 na terceira infesta??o, correspondendo a uma taxa de recupera??o entre 0,90 e 1,79%. O per?odo m?dio da fase parasit?ria aumentou entre a primeira e terceira infesta??es, ocorrendo entre 33,27 e 38,51 dias, verificando-se f?meas com peso m?dio de 90,0mg na primeira infesta??o, 81,5mg na segunda e 109,4mg na terceira infesta??o, considerando-se todas as f?meas recuperadas. Para o estudo da fase n?o parasit?ria foram selecionadas respectivamente 20, 49 e 71 f?meas de cada infesta??o que apresentaram peso m?dio, respectivamente, de 151,8mg; 121,1 mg e 147,8mg. Observou-se um per?odo m?dio de pr?-postura entre 2,8 e 3,5 dias. O per?odo m?dio de postura foi de 13,6; 11,7 e 13,4 dias, respectivamente, entre as infesta??es, com pico de postura ocorrendo no 3? dia ap?s seu in?cio. Verificou-se um peso m?dio de postura entre 57,3 a 80,6mg, nas infesta??es, o que corresponde ? produ??o m?dia de ovos entre 1.146,9 e 1.611,0. O per?odo m?dio de incuba??o dos ovos das f?meas estudadas de R. (B.) microplus, durou entre 23,7 e 29 dias, apresentando uma taxa de eclos?o m?dia decrescendo de 67% na primeira infesta??o, para 54,7% na terceira infesta??o. O ?ndice m?dio de efici?ncia reprodutiva tamb?m decresceu ente as infesta??es de 35,5%, para 26,9% na ?ltima infesta??o. Verificou-se que o per?odo m?dio entre a data de infesta??o e o in?cio da eclos?o larval ocorreu entre 60 e 64,9 dias. Estes resultados demonstram que, a partir de infesta??es experimentais em eq?inos, R. (B.) microplus ? capaz de completar seu ciclo biol?gico por pelo menos uma gera??o, resultando em um n?mero de larvas suficiente para infestar parstagens.
Santos, Tiago Marques dos. "Efeitos Gastrointestinais e Sist?micos em Eq?inos Submetidos a Sobrecarga Diet?tica com Amido". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/747.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This work aimed to evaluate gastrointestinal and systemic disturbances, and mucosa and gut contents of gastrointestinal tract of horses subjected to overload carbohydrate. Eight crossbreed mature horses were used with body weight (BW) average of 364kg, geldings, adapted to diet composed by grass hay and concentrate, in a 60:40 proportion. A complete randomized design was used with horses allocated in three treatments. Treatment I: (Control) (n=2) horses were slaughtered without overload carbohydrate; Treatment II (n=3) and III (n=3), horses subjected to overload carbohydrate, with gastric infusion of 17.6 g starch/kg BW, and slaughtered after 24 and 36 hours, respectively. Horses were subjected to clinical, hematological and fecal evaluations before the overload and 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 hours after overload. Four hours after overload horses became depressed and keeping until the end of evaluation, and one horse presented lameness 36 hours after overload. Any difference (P>0.05) were observed in heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature and hoof temperature. Increase in packed cell volume and plasma protein concentration were observed 24 hours after overload, varying from 26.7 to 32.0% and 7.1 to 8.1 g/dL, respectively (P<0.05). Differences were observed (P<0.05) in plasmatic lactate concentration in zero, 20 and 28 hours after overload, with values of 0.7, 1.04 and 1.22 mmol/L, respectively. Plasma endotoxin concentration didn't cross 0.1000 EU/mL and may be not present. There were any difference (P>0.05) in fecal and digesta water content, however, fecal pH reduced along 36 hours post-overload (P <0.01), varying from 6.09 to 4.46. Content of large intestine in horses subjected to overload presented whitish-green color, milk aspect, with gas bubbles and acid odor. There weren t difference (P>0.05) in water content of feces and digesta, however, fecal pH reduced along 36 hours post-overload (P <0.01), varying from 6.09 to 4.46. Buffering capacity of ceco-colon digesta and feces were reduced in horses subjected to overload. Right dorsal colon, transverse colon and descendent colon were segments, except stomach, that presented lower pH values, varying from 4.49 to 4.56. Eosinophils infiltration were presented in mucosa and submucosa of all horses, however, only horses submitted to overload presented neutrophils and eosinophils leucocitoestase with neutrophils predominance restricted to large intestine. Tract gastrointestinal circulatory alterations observed were congestion, edema and lymphatic vessels dilatation, more evident in submucosa, with larger inflammatory cells infiltration in horses subjected to overload. Intestinal mucosa 36 hours after overload presented larger degree of imunorreactivity anti-myeloperoxidase, followed by horses evaluated at 24 hours after overload and control horses, varying from 2.7 to 4.0, 1.0 to 3.7 and 1.0 to 2.5, respectively. Overload carbohydrate in horses promoted intensive fermentation in ceco-colon, predisposing clinical disturbances, digesta alterations and mucosa and submucosa lesions at gastrointestinal tract of horses with light to moderate degree,36 hours after overload.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as altera??es sist?micas, da mucosa e conte?do do trato gastrointestinal de eq?inos submetidos ? sobrecarga diet?tica com amido. Foram utilizados oito eq?inos adultos castrados, com peso vivo m?dio de 364 kg, adaptados a dieta composta por feno de Coastcross e concentrado, na propor??o de 60:40. Foi utilizado um delineamento experimental com tr?s tratamentos: Tratamento I (Controle) (n=2), eutan?sia dos animais sem sobrecarga com amido; Tratamentos II (n=3) e III (n=3), animais submetidos ? sobrecarga com amido, com infus?o g?strica de 17,6 g amido/kg de peso corporal e eutan?sia ap?s 24 e 36 horas, respectivamente. Os eq?inos foram submetidos a avalia??es cl?nicas, hematol?gicas e f?sico-qu?micas das fezes antes da sobrecarga e 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 e 36 horas p?s-sobrecarga. Os animais apresentaram-se ap?ticos quatro horas ap?s a sobrecarga permanecendo assim at? o final da avalia??o e apenas um animal apresentou claudica??o, 36 horas p?s-sobrecarga. N?o houve diferen?a (P>0,05) na freq??ncia card?aca, freq??ncia respirat?ria, temperatura corporal e temperatura dos cascos. Houve aumento (P<0,05) no volume globular e prote?na plasm?tica total, 24 horas p?s-sobrecarga, variando de 26,7 a 32,0% e de 7,1 e 8,1 g/dL, respectivamente. Houve diferen?a (P<0,05) na concentra??o plasm?tica de lactato no tempo zero, 20 e 28 horas p?s-sobrecarga, com valores de 0,7, 1,04 e 1,22 mmol/L, respectivamente. A concentra??o plasm?tica de endotoxinas n?o ultrapassou 0,1000 EU/mL, podendo estar at? mesmo ausente. O conte?do do intestino grosso nos eq?inos submetidos ? sobrecarga apresentou cor verde esbranqui?ada, aspecto leitoso, com bolhas de g?s e odor ?cido. N?o houve diferen?a (P>0,05) no teor de ?gua das fezes e do conte?do da digesta, no entanto, o pH fecal reduziu ao longo de 36 horas p?s-sobrecarga (P<0,01), variando de 6,09 a 4,46. Houve redu??o na capacidade de tamponamento das fezes nos eq?inos submetidos ? sobrecarga e, de forma similar, ocorreu no conte?do do ceco-c?lon. O c?lon dorsal direito, c?lon transverso e c?lon descendente foram os segmentos, com exce??o do est?mago, que apresentaram a digesta com menores valores de pH, variando de 4,49 a 4,56. ? histopatologia, a infiltra??o de eosin?filos esteve presente na mucosa e submucosa de todos os eq?inos, no entanto, somente em dois eq?inos submetidos ? sobrecarga, observou-se leucocitoestase de neutr?filos e eosin?filos, com predomin?ncia de neutr?filos no intestino grosso. As altera??es circulat?rias observadas no trato gastrointestinal foram congest?o, edema e dilata??o de vasos linf?ticos, sendo mais evidentes na submucosa, local de maior infiltra??o de c?lulas inflamat?rias nos eq?inos submetidos ? sobrecarga. A mucosa dos segmentos do trato gastrointestinal dos eq?inos eutanasiados 36 horas p?ssobrecarga apresentou maior grau de imunorreatividade anti-mieloperoxidase, seguido dos eq?inos avaliados 24 horas p?s-sobrecarga e dos eq?inos do tratamento controle, variando de 2,7 a 4,0, 1,0 a 3,7 e 1,0 a 2,5, respectivamente. A sobrecarga diet?tica com amido em eq?inos promove fermenta??o intensa no ceco-c?lon, predispondo ao aparecimento de dist?rbios cl?nicos, altera??es do conte?do da digesta e les?es de leve a moderada na mucosa e submucosa do trato gastrointestinal dos eq?inos, ap?s 36 horas da sobrecarga.
Herzfeld, Sophia. "Einfluss eines zusätzlichen iNOS knockouts auf den kardialen Phänotyp von human Endothelin-1 transgenen Mäusen /". Berlin : Mbv, 2008. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016556016&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Pełny tekst źródłaCabrié, Aimeric. "Coopération entre les isoformes TAp73 et la signalisation TGF-β dans la régulation de l'expression de la NO Synthase inductible". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS397/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaNitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule synthesized from L-arginine by Nitric Oxide Synthases. NO acts as a potent signaling molecule in various physiological processes like vasorelaxation and neurotransmission. It modulates the activity of many proteins (e.g. soluble guanylate cyclase and ribonucleotide reductase) through nitrosylation of thiol moieties or transition metal ions. As a free radical, NO can also react with a number of cellular species, notably molecular oxygen, to form reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. Thanks to these properties, NO appears as a major component of innate immune response and inflammation. Phagocytes produce large amounts of NO in response to proinflammatory through inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) activity. Because of the harmful effects of NO derivatives on cellular components, iNOS activity needs to be tightly regulated. The p53 tumor suppressor has been shown to repress Nos2 after being activated by NO itself. The p73 protein is an homologous encoded by the TP73 gene that generate transcriptionally active TAp73 isoforms and ΔNp73 isoforms that lack the transactivation domain and exert a dominant negative effect. This study focuses on the role of TAp73 isoforms in regulation of iNOS expression. We demonstrate that TAp73 isoforms potentiate the repressive effect of TGF-β on iNOS expression at transcriptional and post-traductional levels, resulting in a substantial iNOS overexpression in TAp73-/- cells. These results emphasize the emerging role of p53 family as a master regulator of TGF-β functions
Sahin, Ebru Karpuzoglu. "Estrogen Regulates Interferon-gamma (IFN-g) and IFN-g-Inducible iNOS Gene Expression: Implications to Immunity and Autoimmunity". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27129.
Pełny tekst źródłaPh. D.
Gottschalk, Oliver. "Der Einfluss der iNOS auf die Thrombozyten-Endothelzellinteraktion bei Antigen-induzierter Arthritis der Maus in vivo". Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-78990.
Pełny tekst źródłaArasapam, Ganesan. "Roles of COX-2 and iNOS in the bony repair of the injured growth plate cartilage /". Title page and abstract only, 2005. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sba6629.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSt-Amand, Emmanuelle. "La régulation du transport du glucose dans le muscle squelettique : l'implication des protéines AMPK et iNOS". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25783.
Pełny tekst źródłaKoçak, Ahmet Gökçimen Alpaslan. "Değişik dozlardaki asetaminofenin karaciğer nitrikoksit sentaz (iNOS) enzimi üzerindeki etkisinin immünohistokimyasal ve biyokimyasal yöntemler kullanılarak değerlendirilmesi /". Isparta : SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2008. http://tez.sdu.edu.tr/Tezler/TT00385.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaBingi, Praveen Kumar. "Effects of oxidative stress on the expression and function of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17660.
Pełny tekst źródłaMOORE, ZACHARY W. Q. "APOLIPOPROTEIN E MODULATION OF VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL RESPONSE TO INJURY". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1127219075.
Pełny tekst źródłaAhmad, Nashrah. "Preventive and Osteoarthritis Suppressive Effects of Peretinoin". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1602519541029131.
Pełny tekst źródłaZuniga, Tiffany M. "LPS-Induced iNOS mRNA and the Pro-Apoptotic Signaling Pathway in Leukocytes of Fit and Unfit Males". VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5424.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuang, Hong. "Inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms in endothelial cell activation and dysfunction". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1092663493.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 475 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 409-442).
Ghaeni, Leyli [Verfasser]. "Die Rolle der induzierbaren Stickstoffmonoxid-Synthetase (iNOS) in einwandernden Leukozyten in einem Schlaganfallmodell der Maus / Leyli Ghaeni". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023231816/34.
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