Artykuły w czasopismach: „Injecting drug use”

1

Crawford, Vanessa. "Injecting drug use". Current Opinion in Psychiatry 10, nr 3 (maj 1997): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-199705000-00007.

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Rossi, Diana, María Pía Pawlowicz, Victoria Rangugni, Dhan Zunino Singh, Paula Goltzman, Pablo Cymerman, Marcelo Vila i Graciela Touzé. "The HIV/AIDS epidemic and changes in injecting drug use in Buenos Aires, Argentina". Cadernos de Saúde Pública 22, nr 4 (kwiecień 2006): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2006000400013.

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This article discusses the changes in injecting drug use from 1998 to 2003 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The Rapid Situation Assessment and Response methodology was used to obtain the information. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were triangulated: 140 current IDUs and 35 sex partners of injection drug users (IDUs) were surveyed; 17 in-depth interviews with the surveyed IDUs and 2 focus groups were held, as well as ethnographic observations. The way in which risk and care practices among injecting drug users changed and the influence of the HIV/ AIDS epidemic on this process are described. In recent years, the frequency of injection practices and sharing of injecting equipment has decreased, while injecting drug use is a more hidden practice in a context of increasing impact of the disease in the injecting drug use social networks and changes in the price and quality of drugs. Knowledge about these changes helps build harm reduction activities oriented to IDUs in their particular social context.

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Bell, J., i L. Harvey-Dodds. "Pregnancy and Injecting Drug Use". Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 29, nr 1 (marzec 2009): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aoa.0000344716.49291.33.

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Bell, James, i Lucy Harvey-Dodds. "Pregnancy and injecting drug use". BMJ 336, nr 7656 (5.06.2008): 1303–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39514.554375.ae.

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Maher, Lisa, i Nick Walsh. "Injecting drug use and HIV". Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 7, nr 4 (lipiec 2012): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coh.0b013e3283541f3f.

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Zahnow, Renee, Adam R. Winstock, Larissa J. Maier, Jay Levy i Jason Ferris. "Injecting drug use: Gendered risk". International Journal of Drug Policy 56 (czerwiec 2018): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.03.018.

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Ospina-Escobar, Angélica, i Carlos Magis-Rodríguez. "Transition from first illegal drug use to first injection among people who inject drugs in Northern Mexico: A retrospective survival analysis". Salud mental 45, nr 2 (1.04.2022): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2022.010.

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Introduction. There is little information in Mexico about the transition to injecting drugs among drug users in cities other than Tijuana. Objective. We compare characteristics of the onset of drug use and first injection among people who inject drugs (PWID) from Ciudad Juárez and Hermosillo, two cities of Northern Mexico and identify factors associated with faster rates of transition from first drug use to the first injection. Method. 841 PWID were interviewed in 2012 in Ciudad Juárez (n = 445) and Hermosillo (n = 396). Using lifetables, we describe timing at the onset of drug use and first injection. Cox regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the transition hazard to first injection. Results. Median age at onset of drug use was 15.5 years old (standard deviation [SD] = 5.73). The median age at first injection was 21.30 (SD = 7.22). The median duration-time between first drug use and transition to injection was 4.8 years (SD = 5.6). Controlling for sociodemographics, factors that increase the hazard of transitioning to injection are age at onset of drug use (adjusted-hazard-rate [AHR] = 1.04, 95% confidence-interval CI [1.03, 1.05], p#abr#.01) having used cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine at the onset of drug use (AHR = 1.14, 95% CI [1.03, 1.27], p = .01), and having received assistance at first injection (AHR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.17, 1.33], p#abr#.01). Discussion and conclusion. Results show the need to enhance harm reduction programs among non-injecting drug users so as to prevent the spread of injecting drugs in Mexico.

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LOXLEY, W. M., J. S. BEVAN i S. J. CARRUTHERS. "Age and injecting drug use revisited: The Australian Study of HIV and Injecting Drug Use". AIDS Care 9, nr 6 (grudzień 1997): 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713613232.

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Wodak, Alex, i Ingrid Beek. "6.5 HIV and injecting drug use". Medical Journal of Australia 165, nr 1 (lipiec 1996): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124816.x.

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SEIVEWRIGHT, NICHOLAS. "Benzodiazepine use among injecting drug users". Addiction 89, nr 12 (grudzień 1994): 1701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03772.x.

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Crisp, Beth R., James G. Barber, Michael W. Ross, Alex Wodak, Julian Gold i M. E. Miller. "Predictors of unsafe injecting drug use". Drug and Alcohol Review 13, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595239400185681.

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Aceijas, Carmen, Gerry V. Stimson, Matthew Hickman i Tim Rhodes. "Global overview of injecting drug use and HIV infection among injecting drug users". AIDS 18, nr 17 (listopad 2004): 2295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200411190-00010.

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Artenie, Andreea A., Evan B. Cunningham, Gregory J. Dore, Brian Conway, Olav Dalgard, Jeff Powis, Philip Bruggmann i in. "Patterns of Drug and Alcohol Use and Injection Equipment Sharing Among People With Recent Injecting Drug Use or Receiving Opioid Agonist Treatment During and Following Hepatitis C Virus Treatment With Direct-acting Antiviral Therapies: An International Study". Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, nr 11 (11.07.2019): 2369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz633.

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Abstract Background In many settings, recent or prior injection drug use remains a barrier to accessing direct-acting antiviral treatment (DAA) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We examined patterns of drug and alcohol use and injection equipment sharing among people with recent injecting drug use or receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT) during and following DAA-based treatment. Methods SIMPLIFY and D3FEAT are phase 4 trials evaluating the efficacy of DAA among people with past 6-month injecting drug use or receiving OAT through a network of 25 international sites. Enrolled in 2016–2017, participants received sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SIMPLIFY) or paritaprevir/ritonavir/dasabuvir/ombitasvir ± ribavirin (D3FEAT) for 12 weeks and completed behavioral questionnaires before, during, and up to 2 years posttreatment. The impact of time in HCV treatment and follow-up on longitudinally measured longitudinally measured behaviors was estimated using generalized estimating equations. Results At screening, of 190 participants (mean age, 47 years; 74% male), 62% reported any past-month injecting 16% past-month injection equipment sharing, and 61% current OAT. Median alcohol use was 2 (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption; range, 1–12). During follow-up, opioid injecting (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92–0.99) and sharing (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80–0.94) decreased, whereas no significant changes were observed for stimulant injecting (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.94–1.02) or alcohol use (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04). Conclusions Injecting drug use and risk behaviors remained stable or decreased following DAA-based HCV treatment. Findings further support expanding HCV treatment to all, irrespective of injection drug use. Clinical Trials Registration SIMPLIFY, NCT02336139; D3FEAT, NCT02498015.

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Horyniak, Danielle, Stuart Armstrong, Peter Higgs, David Wain i Campbell Aitken. "Poor Man's Smack: A Qualitative Study of Buprenorphine Injecting in Melbourne, Australia". Contemporary Drug Problems 34, nr 3 (wrzesień 2007): 525–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090703400310.

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Cross-sectional studies indicate that diversion and injection of buprenorphine intended for oral use is an emerging health issue for Victorian injecting drug users (IDUs). Between June and September 2006 we conducted in-depth interviews with 23 IDUs from Melbourne, Australia, exploring their motivations for engaging in this behavior. Thematic analysis of the data suggests that convenience was a key motivation for buprenorphine injection in Melbourne as buprenorphine is cheap and readily available. “Needle fixation” was also a commonly cited motivation. Participants highlighted a variety of benefits associated with buprenorphine injecting, including reductions in illicit drug use and time spent engaging in drug-seeking behaviors, leading to greater stability in their lives. Interviewees were not well-informed about the risks of injecting drugs designed for sublingual use and vein damage was widespread and occasionally severe. The views expressed by study participants indicate a need to explore more appropriate opiate treatment solutions, including the option of injectable opiate pharmacotherapies.

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McCombie, Louise, Lawrence Elliott, Kathryn Farrow, Laurence Gruer, Anita Morrison i John Cameron. "Injecting drug use and body mass index". Addiction 90, nr 8 (sierpień 1995): 1117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb01071.x.

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Des Jarlais, Don C., Kamyar Arasteh, Courtney McKnight, Martin Ringer i Samuel R. Friedman. "Syringe exchange, injecting and intranasal drug use". Addiction 105, nr 1 (styczeń 2010): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02747.x.

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Gill, O., A. Noone i J. Heptonstall. "Imprisonment, injecting drug use, and bloodborne viruses". BMJ 310, nr 6975 (4.02.1995): 275–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6975.275.

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Loxley, W., A. Marsh i S. K. Lo. "Age and injecting drug use in Perth, Western Australia: the Australian National AIDS and injecting drug use study". AIDS Care 3, nr 4 (październik 1991): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540129108251592.

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Nelson, Ediomo-Ubong Ekpo. "The Socio-Spatial Contexts of HIV Risk for People Who Inject Drugs in Public Spaces in Nigeria". Contemporary Drug Problems 47, nr 2 (28.04.2020): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450920921233.

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This article explores the socio-spatial factors shaping HIV risk for people who inject in public settings in Nigeria. It draws on thematic coding and analysis of qualitative interview accounts of people who inject drugs (PWID) in public spaces ( n = 29) recruited via snowball sampling. Drug injecting took place in diverse spaces (“bunks,” uncompleted buildings, motor parks, and night life environments) that enabled PWID to conceal illicit drug use in public settings. Public injecting resulted from intersecting socio-structural factors, including housing instability, resource constraints, and marginalized forms of drug use. Conversely, the practice was preferred as a beneficial and socially meaningful experience. Although PWID recognized the risks associated with public injecting and enacted risk reduction practices (e.g., using sterile syringes, rinsing syringes), risk reduction was undermined by socio-spatial factors including social discrimination, lack of essential amenities to enable safe injecting, poor access to sterile injecting equipment, and fear of disclosure and police arrests. These factors reproduced an environment of pervasive risk that compromised risk reduction and fostered risky practices such as rushing injection and sharing injecting equipment. There exists a need to create enabling environments for health by enabling access to secure accommodation, implementing safe injecting environment interventions, and exercising discretion in policing to enable access to essential harm reduction services for PWID.

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Marshall, B. D. L., E. Wood, R. Zhang, M. W. Tyndall, J. S. G. Montaner i T. Kerr. "Condom use among injection drug users accessing a supervised injecting facility". Sexually Transmitted Infections 85, nr 2 (12.11.2008): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.2008.032524.

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Green, Traci, Catherine Hankins, Darlène Palmer, Jean-François Boivin i Robert Platt. "Ascertaining the Need for a Supervised Injecting Facility (SIF): The Burden of Public Injecting in Montreal, Canada". Journal of Drug Issues 33, nr 3 (lipiec 2003): 713–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260303300310.

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Empirical evidence suggests that a key prerequisite for a supervised injection facility (SIF) utilization is the existence of an “open drug scene,” where users publicly inject drugs. This study seeks to determine the extent and profile of public injecting among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Montreal, Canada, where pilot SIFs are under consideration. A cross-sectional study of IDUs who injected publicly at least once in the previous month was appended to an HIV-risk surveillance study among Montreal IDUs (SurvUDI study). Of 650 SurvUDI participants interviewed between June 2001 and February 2002, 59% were eligible. A dose-response relationship emerged between intensity of public injecting and several drug-use and risk-related characteristics. Regardless of housing stability, IDUs persistently and, often preferably, publicly injected due to habit, dependence, or need to conceal their status. Despite lacking a classical open drug scene, public injecting is common among Montreal IDUs, warranting the consideration of an SIF for this population.

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Day, Carolyn, Elizabeth Conroy, Julia Lowe, Jude Page i Kate Dolan. "Patterns of drug use and associated harms among rural injecting drug users: Comparisons with metropolitan injecting drug users". Australian Journal of Rural Health 14, nr 3 (czerwiec 2006): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1584.2006.00775.x.

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Alexandrescu, Liviu Gabriel. "Injecting ATS/NPS use and drug abjection in Romania". Drugs and Alcohol Today 16, nr 2 (6.06.2016): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-09-2015-0056.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate a group of Romanian injecting substance users “migrating” from heroin to novel psychoactive substances (NPS) as a counterpublic seeking to escape the stigma of drug abjection. Design/methodology/approach – The findings are drawn from interview and observational data collected mainly at drug services sites in Bucharest, Romania. Findings – The stimulant powders sold by head shops appealed to experienced drug users because they seemed to emulate a consumerist ethos and cultivate a healthy, rational agent that popular discourses of addiction deem incompatible with drug careers. NPS and head shops were thus initially understood as a possibility of escaping “junk identities”. However, they ultimately sealed injectors as abject bodies that obstructed the collaborative goals of rehabilitation and health restoration. A sense of symbolic distance shaped by notions of moral and bodily hygiene separated heroin and NPS users, as the latter increasingly came to be seen and see themselves as flawed consumers of health and freedom. Practical implications – NPS retail spaces could present valuable opportunities to insert harm-reduction resources and harness counterpublic health strategies. Social implications – Dominant definitions of substance use as unavoidable paths into self-destruction push users towards unknown compounds they can attach more fluid meanings to. This suggests that prohibitionist language still obscures rational dialogue about existing and emerging drugs. Originality/value – The paper traces ATS/NPS in an Eastern European context offering an alternative vantage point to harm-focused perspectives.

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Wright, Nat M. J., Charlotte N. E. Tompkins i Tracey M. Farragher. "Injecting drug use in prison: prevalence and implications for needle exchange policy". International Journal of Prisoner Health 11, nr 1 (16.03.2015): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-09-2014-0032.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore prison drug injecting prevalence, identify any changes in injecting prevalence and practice during imprisonment and explore views on prison needle exchange. Design/methodology/approach – An empirical prospective cohort survey conducted between 2006 and 2008. The study involved a random sample of 267 remand and sentenced prisoners from a large male category B prison in England where no prison needle exchange operates. Questionnaires were administered with prisoners on reception and, where possible, at one, three and six months during their sentence. Findings – In total, 64 per cent were injecting until admission into prison. The majority intended to stop injecting in prison (93 per cent), almost a quarter due to the lack of needle exchange (23 per cent). Yet when hypothetically asked if they would continue injecting in prison if needle exchange was freely available, a third of participants (33 per cent) believed that they would. Injecting cessation happened on prison entry and appeared to be maintained during the sentence. Research limitations/implications – Not providing sterile needles may increase risks associated with injecting for prisoners who continue to inject. However, providing such equipment may prolong injecting for other prisoners who currently cease injecting on account of needle exchange programmes (NEPs) not being provided in the UK prison setting. Practical implications – Not providing sterile needles may increase risks associated with injecting for prisoners who continue to inject. However, providing such equipment may prolong injecting for other prisoners who currently cease injecting on account of NEPs not being provided in the UK prison setting. Originality/value – This survey is the first to question specifically regarding the timing of injecting cessation amongst male prisoners and explore alongside intention to inject should needle exchange facilities be provided in prison.

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Loxley, Wendy M., i David V. Hawks. "AIDS and injecting drug use: very risky behaviour in a Perth sample of injecting drug users". Drug and Alcohol Review 13, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595239400185691.

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Frischer, M., S. Green i D. Goldberg. "Prevalence of injecting drug use provides the context for epidemiology of HIV among injecting drug users". AIDS 7, nr 3 (marzec 1993): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199303000-00028.

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Tuan, Nguyen Anh, Lisa G. Johnston, Duong Cong Thanh, Linh-Vi N. Le, Tran Vu Hoang, Tran Dai Quang, Nguyen Cuong Quoc, Patrick Nadol, Nguyen Tran Hien i Abu Abdul-Quader. "Increasing HIV prevalence and injection drug use among men who have sex with men in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam". International Journal of STD & AIDS 31, nr 13 (30.09.2020): 1247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420947555.

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Vietnam has been conducting HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) integrated bio-behavioral surveillance surveys on men who have sex with men (MSM) as well as other key populations since 2005. Although HIV prevalence in the Vietnamese general population remains below 1%, it is expected to be much higher among MSM. Data on HIV prevalence and sexual and drug use behaviors were collected from MSM in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in 2006 (n = 397), 2009 (n = 399) and 2013 (n = 350) using respondent-driven sampling. Eligible participants were males, aged ≥15 years who reported having manual, oral, or anal sexual activity with males in the past year and lived, worked or socialized in HCMC. HIV seroprevalence among MSM was 5.8% in 2006, 16.1% in 2009 and 12.1% in 2013 and prevalence of at least one STI (syphilis, gonorrhea and/or chlamydia infection) was 11.4% in 2006 and 15.6% in 2009 (no data for 2013). Significant, but small, increasing trends were found for MSM who reported ever testing and receiving results for HIV and for HIV prevalence. No significant changes for condom use, injecting and non-injecting drug use, or and receipt of free condoms were observed. Although a small percentage of MSM reported injecting drugs, HIV was positively associated with ever injecting drugs. Programs targeting MSM should include screening and treatment for injection drug use to most effectively control the HIV/AIDS epidemic among MSM in HCMC.

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Oliveira, Maria de Lourdes Aguiar, Mariana A. Hacker, Sabrina Alberti Nóbrega de Oliveira, Paulo Roberto Telles, Kycia Maria Rodrigues do Ó, Clara Fumiko Tachibana Yoshida i Francisco I. Bastos. ""The first shot": the context of first injection of illicit drugs, ongoing injecting practices, and hepatitis C infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil". Cadernos de Saúde Pública 22, nr 4 (kwiecień 2006): 861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2006000400024.

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The context of first drug injection and its association with ongoing injecting practices and HCV (hepatitis C virus) infection were investigated. Injection drug users (IDUs) (N = 606) were recruited in "drug scenes" (public places, bars) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, interviewed, and tested for HCV. Sharing of needles/syringes was more prevalent at the first injection (51.3%) than at the baseline interview (36.8%). Those who shared syringes/needles at first injection were more likely to be currently engaged in direct/indirect sharing practices. Among young injectors (< 30 years), those reporting sharing of needles/ syringes at the first injection were about four times more likely to have been infected by HCV. Hepatitis C virus prevalence among active IDUs (n = 272) was 11%. Prison history and longer duration of drug injection were identified as independent predictors of HCV infection. To effectively curb HCV transmission among IDUs and minimize harms associated with risk behaviors, preventive strategies should target individuals initiating drug injection beginning with their very first injection and discourage the transition from non-injecting use to the self-injection of illicit drugs.

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Koulierakisa, G., D. Agrafiotis, C. Gnardellis i K. G. Power. "Injecting Drug Use Amongst Inmates in Greek Prisons". Addiction Research 7, nr 3 (1.01.1999): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066359909004383.

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Ahamad, Keith, Kora DeBeck, Cindy Feng, Todd Sakakibara, Thomas Kerr i Evan Wood. "Gender influences on initiation of injecting drug use". American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 40, nr 2 (9.01.2014): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2013.860983.

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FRISCHER, MARTIN. "Estimated prevalence of injecting drug use in Glasgow". Addiction 87, nr 2 (luty 1992): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02697.x.

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Levy, Judith A. "AIDS and Injecting Drug Use in Later Life". Research on Aging 20, nr 6 (listopad 1998): 776–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027598206008.

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Darke, Shane. "The use of benzodiazepines among injecting drug users". Drug and Alcohol Review 13, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595239400185741.

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Ross, Michael W., Aaron Stowe, Wendy Loxley i Alex Wodak. "“Home bake” heroin use by injecting drug users". Medical Journal of Australia 157, nr 4 (sierpień 1992): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1992.tb137155.x.

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Rhodes, Tim, Gerry V. Stimson, Chris Fitch, Andrew Ball i Adrian Renton. "Rapid assessment, injecting drug use, and public health". Lancet 354, nr 9172 (lipiec 1999): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(98)07612-0.

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McBride, A. J., I. M. Ali i W. Cleee. "Hepatitis C and injecting drug use in prisons". BMJ 309, nr 6958 (1.10.1994): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.309.6958.876b.

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Des Don, Jarlais C., Samuel R. Friedman i Holly Hagan. "Studies of HIV/AIDS and injecting drug use". AIDS Care 4, nr 4 (październik 1992): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540129208253129.

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Wenham, T. N. "Botulism: a rare complication of injecting drug use". Emergency Medicine Journal 25, nr 1 (1.01.2008): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.2007.049775.

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Dimitrijevic, I. K., C. S. Vucetic, N. K. Kalezic, D. R. Subotic, O. Z. Bojovic i M. Z. Bumbasirevic. "Complications on skin and subcutaneous tissue among drug addicts caused by non sterile intravenous injections and burns". Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 55, nr 4 (2008): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci0804107d.

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The use of psychoactive substances causes various consequences and is harmful for all organs. Some of the health consequences among intravenous drug users are HIV infections, hepatitis C, local tissue infections after drug injection, family, professional and social consequences. Through the world various harm reduction programs are established in order to educate drug users about safer drug injecting techniques, with the use of sterile needles and materials for disinfection of the drug injecting area. Authors presented epidemiological data, consequences on extremities after non sterile drug injecting and accidental burns, harm reduction programs as well as other guidelines in this field. In three case reports of intravenous drug addicts with surgical complications on the extremities and burns, surgical and anaesthesiological approaches were described. Special emphasis was given to preoperative preparations and the postoperative treatment as well as social- psychiatric aspect.

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ROSS, MICHAEL W., ALEX WODAK, AARON STOWE i JULIAN GOLD. "Explanations for sharing injection equipment in injecting drug users and barriers to safer drug use". Addiction 89, nr 4 (kwiecień 1994): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb00928.x.

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Des Jarlais, Don C., Holly Hagan, Kamyar Arasteh, Courtney McKnight, Salaam Semaan i David C. Perlman. "Can intranasal drug use reduce HCV infection among injecting drug users?" Drug and Alcohol Dependence 119, nr 3 (grudzień 2011): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.06.020.

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Hadland, Scott Evan, Kora Debeck, Thomas Kerr, Paul Nguyen, Sabina Dobrer, Julio S. Montaner i Evan Wood. "Use of a Medically Supervised Injection Facility Among Drug-Injecting Street Youth". Journal of Adolescent Health 54, nr 2 (luty 2014): S88—S89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.10.189.

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Prasad, Subhash. "Knowledge and Practices on HIV/AIDS among Injecting Drug Users". Academic Voices: A Multidisciplinary Journal 3 (9.03.2014): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9990.

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Injecting drug use is the main route of transmission of HIV/AIDS. Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) are one of the high risk groups of this infection. This paper describes the knowledge and practice of HIV in injecting drug users based on quantitative data collected from 154 IDUs by interview schedule. It is concluded that the knowledge about HIV/AIDS amongst the injecting drug users is not a problem. The key problem is sharing used syringe by some users to take drugs to fulfill their urgent compulsion. The gap between knowledge and practice causes them to the vulnerability of the problem.Academic Voices, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2013, Pages 62-67 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/av.v3i1.9990

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Nurapandi, Adi, Intan Nur Faridah, Dandi Zaenal Mutaqin, Irma Nurinayyah, Deti Martia Ningsih, Picki Hanief Assifa, Rana, Moh Akmal Dzulfikar i Iif Taufiq El Haque. "Kampanye No Drugs Untuk Mencegah Resiko Penularan HIV/AIDS". KOLABORASI JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT 2, nr 6 (2.12.2022): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.56359/kolaborasi.v2i6.89.

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Introduction: Drug abuse is closely related to crime, traffic accidents and is currently at the stage of transmission of the HIV/AIDS virus. The sharp increase in HIV prevalence among injecting drug users is caused by the use of unsterile needles and syringes coupled with the practice of group injection. Various efforts to control and prevent drugs and HIV/AIDS have been carried out, one of which is to empower the potential and knowledge of youth through youth organizations. Objective: to implement and increase knowledge to be directly and actively involved in the prevention of drug abuse and eradication in order to avoid and prevent the risk of HIV-AIDS transmission. Method: The methodology used is that this consultation is based on strategy, implementation and action, and ends with an assessment conducted at the end of the update, using the number of surveys available to the community according to the required survey needs. Result: The implementation of socialization of the dangers of drugs and the risk of HIV-AIDS to Wibawa Mukti youth organizations in Ciharalang village gave significant results because increasing youth knowledge about the dangers of injecting drugs has a role in encouraging the participation of all elements of the local community to avoid drug use. Conclussion: The implementation of socialization of the dangers of drugs and the risk of hiv-aids to youth youth organizations in the village of ciharalang gave significant results because increasing youth knowledge about the dangers of injecting drug abuse has a role in encouraging the participation of all elements of the local community to avoid drug use.

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Des Jarlais, Don C., Courtney McKnight, Kamyar Arasteh, Jonathan Feelemyer, David C. Perlman, Holly Hagan i Hannah L. F. Cooper. "Transitions from injecting to non-injecting drug use: Potential protection against HCV infection". Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 46, nr 3 (marzec 2014): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2013.09.004.

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Tindal, Christine, Kay Cook i Nena Foster. "Theorising stigma and the experiences of injecting drug users in Australia". Australian Journal of Primary Health 16, nr 2 (2010): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py09026.

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This paper examines the stigma of injecting drug use as an underlying factor in the poor health status of Australian injecting drug users. Drawing on various models of stigma described in the literature, we examine injecting drug users’ experiences. As a case study, examples from Victorian (specifically Melbourne) policy and practice are included to exemplify community and societal attitudes towards injecting drug users and the implications of these for injecting drug user health. We conclude that redressing the negative effects of stigma requires political will, financial support, increased community commitment and a better understanding of the links between the social determinant of health and the poor health status of injecting drug users. Without reducing the stigma of injecting drug use the health of this marginalised population is likely to get worse, which will have broader negative population health effects.

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Kakchapati, Sampurna, Bishnu Shrestha, Dan Y. Li, Rajesh Rajbhandari i Tarun Poudel. "Drug use, injecting behaviors, and survival sex among street children and youths in Kathmandu valley, Nepal". International Journal of STD & AIDS 29, nr 6 (21.12.2017): 588–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462417746532.

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A disproportionate number of street children use and inject drugs and engage in survival sex as coping mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of drug use, injecting drugs, survival sex, and condom use and determinants associated with these behaviors among street children. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2016 with an aim to sample 350 street children and youths in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Information about sociodemographic characteristics, injecting drugs, sexual risk behaviors, and biological specimens for HIV testing were obtained. The logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants associated with drug use, injecting drugs, survival sex, and condom use during last sex. Variables that were significantly associated with being a current drug user (versus never) in the presence of other variables included being a rag picker (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.73–5.9), history of imprisonment (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.21–4.04), alcohol consumption (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.46–4.84), and solvent sniffing (AOR = 5.12; 95% CI = 2.74–9.59). Variables that were significantly predictive of injecting drugs (versus never) in the presence of other variables include being 17 years old (AOR = 3.42; 95% CI = 1.11–10.55) and being a rag picker (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.25–9.75). Variables that were significantly associated with having survival sex (versus never) in the presence of other variables include being 17 years old (AOR = 3.58; 95% CI = 1.31–9.81) and having forced sex (AOR = 9.62; 95% CI = 3.21–28.8). Drug use and survival sex are major coping mechanisms among street children in Kathmandu Valley and are associated with many risk behaviors. Targeted programs should be implemented to meet their special needs.

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DeBeck, Kora, Thomas Kerr, Lorna Bird, Ruth Zhang, David Marsh, Mark Tyndall, Julio Montaner i Evan Wood. "Injection drug use cessation and use of North America's first medically supervised safer injecting facility". Drug and Alcohol Dependence 113, nr 2-3 (styczeń 2011): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.07.023.

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Reid, Sharon, Carolyn Day, Apo Demirkol, David Bowen i Paul Haber. "Mothers, injecting drug use, hepatitis C and integrated healthcare". International Journal of Integrated Care 22, S1 (8.04.2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic21032.

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Wodak, Alex. "Health, HIV Infection, Human Rights, and Injecting Drug Use". Health and Human Rights 2, nr 4 (1998): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4065185.

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