Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Injected Volume

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Injected Volume”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 25 maja 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Injected Volume"

Shi, Fang, Yang Zhao, Qinghua Tang i Ximing Xie. "Experiment Research of Microbial Flooding Injected Capacity and Injected Volume". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 108 (styczeń 2018): 032075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/108/3/032075.

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Awadeesian, Awadees M. R., Salih M. Awadh, Moutaz A. Al-Dabbas, Mjeed M. Al-Maliki, Sameer N. Al-Jawad i Abdul-Kareem S. Hussein. "A MODIFIED WATER INJECTION TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE OIL RECOVERY: MISHRIF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS IN SOUTHERN IRAQ OIL FIELDS, CASE STUDY". Iraqi Geological Journal 52, nr 1 (30.06.2019): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46717/igj.52.1.8ms-2019-06-30.

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A modified water injection technique has organized by this study to improve oil recovery of the Mishrif reservoirs using polymerized alkaline surfactant water (PAS-Water) injection. It is planned to modify the existing water injection technology, first to control and balance the hazardous troublemaker reservoir facies of fifty-micron pore sizes with over 500 millidarcies permeability, along with the non-troublemaker types of less than twenty micron pore sizes with 45 to 100 millidarcies permeability. Second to control Mishrif reservoirs rock-wettability. Special core analysis under reservoir conditions of 2250 psi and 90 °C has carried out on tens of standard core plugs with heterogeneous buildup, using the proposed renewal water flooding mechanism. The technique assures early PAS-water injection to delay the water-breakthrough from 0.045 – 0.151 pore volumes water injected with 8 – 25% oil recovery, into 0.15 – 0.268 pore volumes water injected with 18 to 32% improved oil recovery. As well as, crude oil-in-water divertor injection after breakthrough, within 0.3 to oil0.65 – 0.85-pore volume of water injected to decrease water cut 1 four 0 to 15%. The overall progress of the PAS-water injection has achieved residual oil mobility of 65%, and upgraded the 35 – 50% oil recovery range by less than three pore volume water injected with 20 – 60% water cut, compared with the same oil recovery range by more than ten pore volume water injected with around 70% water cut. The ultimate oil recovery improved by this technique is from 70% via more than 20 pore volume water injected with over 95% water cut by usual water injection, to 85 – 90% via 6.4 pore volume water injected with over 90% water cut by the modified water injection. The technique succeeded to lower the end-point mobility ratio to 1.5 from above five by usual water injection. It is highly recommended to use ten micron mesh filter at the main injection site and four or five micron mesh filter at the injector sites; to avoid more than 80% of the suspended particles and save as much as possible the overall reservoir facies from permeability damage.

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Gupta, Sanjiv Kumar, Ajai Kumar i Arun Kumar Sharma. "Intravitreal injections: volume injected Vs. volume retained and its implications". IP International Journal of Ocular Oncology and Oculoplasty 4, nr 3 (15.10.2018): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/2581-5016.2018.0030.

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Lai, Grace Y., William Chu Kwan, Karolina Piorkowska, Matthias W. Wagner, Pouya Jamshidi, Birgit Ertl-Wagner, Thomas Looi, Adam C. Waspe i James M. Drake. "Prediction of persistent ventricular dilation by initial ventriculomegaly and clot volume in a porcine model". Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 29, nr 3 (1.03.2022): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2021.9.peds2190.

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OBJECTIVE While intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is associated with posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation (PHVD), not all infants affected by high-grade IVH develop PHVD. The authors aimed to determine clot-associated predictors of PHVD in a porcine model by varying the amount and rate of direct intraventricular injection of whole autologous blood. METHODS Seven 1-week-old piglets underwent craniectomy and injection of autologous blood into the right lateral ventricle. They survived for a maximum of 28 days. MRI was performed prior to injection, immediately postoperatively, and every 7 days thereafter. T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) sequences were used to segment ventricular and clot volumes. Spearman correlations were used to determine the relationship between blood and clot volumes and ventricular volumes over time. RESULTS The maximum ventricular volume was up to 12 times that of baseline. One animal developed acute hydrocephalus on day 4. All other animals survived until planned endpoints. The interaction between volume of blood injected and duration of injection was significantly associated with clot volume on the postoperative scan (p = 0.003) but not the amount of blood injected alone (p = 0.38). Initial postoperative and day 7 clot volumes, but not volume of blood injected, were correlated with maximum (p = 0.007 and 0.014) and terminal (p = 0.014 and 0.036) ventricular volumes. Initial postoperative ventricular volume was correlated with maximum and terminal ventricular volume (p = 0.007 and p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS Initial postoperative, maximum, and terminal ventricular dilations were associated with the amount of clot formed, rather than the amount of blood injected. This supports the hypothesis that PHVD is determined by clot burden rather than the presence of blood products and allows further testing of early clot lysis to minimize PHVD risk.

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Sangras, R., O. C. Kwon i G. M. Faeth. "Self-Preserving Properties of Unsteady Round Nonbuoyant Turbulent Starting Jets and Puffs in Still Fluids". Journal of Heat Transfer 124, nr 3 (10.05.2002): 460–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1421047.

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The self-preserving properties of round nonbuoyant turbulent starting jets, puffs, and interrupted jets were investigated both experimentally and theoretically for flows in still and unstratified environments. The experiments involved dye-containing fresh water sources injected into still fresh water within a large windowed tank. Time-resolved video images of the flows were obtained using a CCD camera. Experimental conditions were as follows: jet exit diameters of 3.2 and 6.4 mm, jet exit Reynolds numbers of 3000–12,000, jet passage lengths in excess of 50 injector passage diameters, volume of injected fluid for puffs and interrupted jets up to 191 source diameters, and streamwise penetration lengths up to 140 source diameters. Near-source behavior varied significantly with source properties but the flows generally became turbulent within 5 source diameters from the source and self-preserving behavior was generally observed at distances greater than 20–30 source diameters from the source. Within the self-preserving region, both the normalized streamwise penetration distance and the normalized maximum flow radius varied as functions of time in agreement with estimates for self-preserving turbulent flows to the following powers: 1/2 for starting nonbuoyant jets and 1/4 for nonbuoyant puffs and interrupted jets. Effects of injected fluid quantity for self-preserving puffs and interrupted jets could be handled by correlating the location of the virtual origin as a function of the volume of the injected fluid represented by the number of passage lengths of injected fluid. In particular, the virtual origin for puffs was independent of injected fluid volume for injected passage lengths less than 120 but became proportional to the injected fluid volume thereafter, defining a boundary between puff and interrupted-jet behavior.

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Self, Mitchell, James Mooney, John Amburgy, Bonita Agee, Leah Schoel, Patrick Pritchard i Melissa Chambers. "Analysis of injected cement volume and clinical outcomes following kyphoplasty for vertebral compression fractures". Surgical Neurology International 11 (28.03.2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_22_2020.

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Background: It has been suggested that greater volumes of cement injected during kyphoplasty correlate with improved vertebral body height restoration and kyphotic angulation correction. However, there is little evidence tying cement volume to patient outcomes. Here, we analyzed the association between cement volume and outcome utilizing indices of pain, disability, and quality of life. Methods: One hundred and thirty-six patients undergoing kyphoplasty were analyzed retrospectively. The total volume of bone cement injected was recorded intraoperatively for each patient; the average total cement volume was 5.44 cc. Pre- and postoperative outcome indices were documented, using the visual analog scale (VAS), Roland-Morris disability index (RMDI), and the EuroQol 5 Dimension instrument (EQ5D). Pearson’s correlations and linear regression models were derived for the association of total cement volume with each of the patient outcome measures. This was a retrospective cohort study. Results: The average change in VAS, RMDI, and EQ5D scores for all patients was −6.8, +8.3, and +0.41, respectively. For VAS, RMDI, and EQ5D improvements, neither Pearson’s correlations nor multiple linear regression models revealed a correlation or an association with total cement volume. Conclusion: For patients undergoing kyphoplasty, outcomes were not associated with the total injected cement volume; all had a significant reduction in pain and most exhibited decreased disability with improved quality of life.

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Zahidul I. Bhuiyan, Mohammad, Shanyong Wang, Scott W. Sloan, John Carter i Tabassum Mahzabeen Raka. "Effects of grout injection techniques in pressure grouted soil nail system". E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 17010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199217010.

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The use of pressure grouting techniques in the soil reinforcement system is frequent as it has many advantages over gravity grouting. Pressure grouting can be injected by pressure and volume (flow) controlled techniques. A preliminary study was conducted for a newly developed pressure grouted soil-nail system, where a latex membrane was used as a liner around the grouting outlet to form a Tube a Manchette (TAM) for direct injection of grout into sand. In addition, a grout bag was formed with the membrane to prevent the grout injection into the sand for simulating a compaction grouting. In the investigation, a newly developed volume controlled injection system was used to inject the cement grout into the sand or grout bag for a specified flow rate and the interaction of injected grouted with the soil mass (i.e., soil stress state) was monitored by the installed total earth pressure cell around the grout outlets. From the investigation, it was found that the injected grout volume was much less for the soil-nail (TAM) than that with a grout bag around for a certain flow rate. In addition, the preliminary results indicated that the pullout capacity of the pressure grouted soil-nail controlled by the injected grout volume (grout bulb).

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Bencivenga, Michael A., Philip A. Bowling, Jimmy O. Fiallos, Alicia M. Gehling, Robert G. Stafford, Simon Y. Long, David P. Fetterer, Thomas M. Bocan i Christian C. Hofer. "Investigation of Various Intramuscular Volumes Delivered to the Semimembranosus Muscle of Cavia porcellus". Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 59, nr 3 (1.05.2020): 310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000101.

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The goal of this study is to provide quantitative data on the ideal volume for intramuscular (IM) injections into the semimembranosus muscle of guinea pigs weighing between 320 to 410 grams. This evaluation comprised 2 experiments. The first was to assess dispersion leakage of intramuscularly injected iohexol, a radiocontrast agent commonly used in Computed Tomography (CT), based on analysis of in vivo imaging. The second used varying volumes of intramuscularly injected sodium chloride (0.9% NaCl) to assess pain and pathology associated with IM injection. Hartley guinea pigs were injected IM with varying volumes of either iohexol or sodium chloride (150, 300, 500, 1000 and 1500 μL). In the iohexol experiment, results suggest IM volumes of 150 and 300 μL remain within the target muscle. In the experiment using sodium chloride, pain and pathology did not increase as IM volume increased. The pathology noted was related to needle tract through the musculature rather than the volume size of the injectate. The results did not reveal a correlation between volume of IM 0.9% NaCl and pain levels. We conclude that volume size correlates more with precision and accuracy of delivery into the intended muscle tissue. Regarding tissue distribution, our findings also suggest that the optimal capacity for IM injection in the semimembranosus muscle should be less than 500 μL.

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Lutsky, Kevin F., Fred Liss, Jack Graham i Pedro K. Beredjiklian. "Volume of the Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint". Journal of Wrist Surgery 09, nr 01 (9.07.2019): 019–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693043.

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Background The volume of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb (TCMC) and its capacity to accommodate fluid injection is unknown. Questions/Purpose The purpose of the present study is to assess the volume of the TCMC. Methods Forty-two thumbs undergoing surgical treatment for symptomatic TCMCJ osteoarthritis (OA) were evaluated. Prior to the start of the surgical procedure saline was injected into the TCMC until resistance was felt and no further saline could be injected. The maximum volume (MaxVol) of injectate was measured and recorded. Results Mean MaxVol among all patients was 0.9 cc (range: 0.2–3.0 cc). There were 15 patients with 1 cc or more injected, the rest were less than 1 cc. The mean MaxVol for Eaton 2 thumbs was 1.5 cc, for Eaton 3 thumbs 0.9 cc, and for Eaton 4 thumbs 0.7 cc, with negative correlation between Eaton stage and MaxVol. Conclusion TCMC has limited capacity for injected fluid. Level of Evidence This is a Level II, diagnostic study.

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Ballo, Solveig, Tonje Hjelseng, Lena Flatlandsmo Tangen, Janne Svindal Lundbom, Trine Skarsvåg i Vilhjalmur Finsen. "The Influence of Injected Volume on Discomfort During Administration of Digital Block". Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 21, nr 03 (5.09.2016): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835516500363.

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Background: Digital nerve block is associated with pain. In a search for methods to reduce the discomfort, we investigated how the volume of anaesthetic fluid influences pain during subcutaneous digital nerve block, and how it affects the success of the anaesthesia. Methods: A randomized blinded prospective study was performed on 36 healthy volunteers. The single injection subcutaneous digital block technique was used to anaesthetize the participants´ 4th digit on both hands. The same amount of lidocaine was used, but in two different volumes; 1 ml 2% lidocaine and 2ml 1% lidocaine. After each injection the participant was asked to estimate pain intensity on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The distribution of anaesthesia was then measured by using a Semmes-Weinstein 4.56 monofilament. Finally, participants gave a verbal assessment of which injection was least painful. Results: In total, 72 blocks were performed. There were no statistically significant differences in pain intensity or preference between the two groups. Furthermore, the 1 ml injection gave poorer anaesthesia and had longer time to onset. Neither injection anaesthetized the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx. Conclusions: The two volumes cause the same degree of discomfort. Greater volume gives a greater area of distribution and more rapid onset of anaesthesia. It seems unreasonable to use a smaller volume of more concentrated anaesthetic when performing the subcutaneous technique.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Injected Volume"

Jiang, Jinlin. "Mechanical control on fluid-induced aseismic slip : insights from injection experiment modeling". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLM056.

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Les injections de fluides liées à l’exploitation de réservoirs géothermiques entraînent bien souvent la réactivation de failles, sous la forme d’un glissement lent ou asismique, déclenchant à son tour des séismes dits induits. Cette thèse est consacrée à une étude numérique du glissement asismique déclenché par injection de fluide. Un modèle FEM y est développé afin de simuler des expériences d’injection effectuées en presse triaxiale. Les simulations présentées dans ce travail permettent de quantifier l’effet du scenario d’injection, de la diffusivité de la faille, des propriétés de frottement et de l’état de contrainte initial sur la dynamique d’expansion du glissement asismique, fournissant un nouveau regard sur les lois d’échelles caractérisant la vitesse de rupture et le moment maximum libéré. L’approche présentée permet de fournir des pistes de réflexion pour améliorer l’évaluation de l’aléa lié à l’exploitation géothermique. Le modèle numérique développé est également validé sur un jeu de données expérimentales, ce qui ouvre des perspectives importantes pour approfondir l’interprétation mécanique des expériences d’injection menées en laboratoire
Fluid injections performed in the framework of geothermal exploitation can reactivate slip on preexisting crustal faults, leading to aseismic slip transients in turn triggering so-called triggered earthquakes. This PhD thesis is a numerical study dedicated to the physical control on the fluid-induced aseismic slip. A hydromechanical FEM is developed to simulate injection experiments performed in a tri-axial cell in the laboratory. The simulations presented allow to quantify the effect of the injection scenario, the hydraulic diffusivity, the fault friction and pre-stress on the dynamics of induced aseismic slip, providing new insights into the scaling laws commonly used to characterize this phenomenon, in particular the rupture speed and the maximum moment released. The approach presented here is thus of importance in the perspective of improving hazard mitigation in the context of geothermal exploitation. The model predictions are also validated on a real experimental dataset, which opens a new avenue to improve the mechanical interpretation of injection experiments in the laboratory

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BOTMANS, CLAIRE. "Etude prospective, randomisee sur 100 cas de l'influence du volume injecte pour rachianesthesie a la bupivacaine". Reims, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REIMM030.

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Patouna, Stavroula. "A CFD STUDY OF CAVITATION IN REAL SIZE DIESEL INJECTORS". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/14723.

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In Diesel engines, the internal flow characteristics in the fuel injection nozzles, such as the turbulence level and distribution, the cavitation pattern and the velocity profile affect significantly the air-fuel mixture in the spray and subsequently the combustion process. Since the possibility to observe experimentally and measure the flow inside real size Diesel injectors is very limited, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) calculations are generally used to obtain the relevant information. The work presented within this thesis is focused on the study of cavitation in real size automotive injectors by using a commercial CFD code. It is divided in three major phases, each corresponding to a different complementary objective. The first objective of the current work is to assess the ability of the cavitation model included in the CFD code to predict cavitating flow conditions. For this, the model is validated for an injector-like study case defined in the literature, and for which experimental data is available in different operating conditions, before and after the start of cavitation. Preliminary studies are performed to analyze the effects on the solution obtained of various numerical parameters of the cavitation model itself and of the solver, and to determine the adequate setup of the model. It may be concluded that overall the cavitation model is able to predict the onset and development of cavitation accurately. Indeed, there is satisfactory agreement between the experimental data of injection rate and choked flow conditions and the corresponding numerical solution.This study serves as the basis for the physical and numerical understanding of the problem. Next, using the model configuration obtained from the previous study, unsteady flow calculations are performed for real-size single and multi-hole sac type Diesel injectors, each one with two types of nozzles, tapered and cylindrical. The objective is to validate the model with real automotive cases and to ununderstand in what way some physical factors, such as geometry, operating conditions and needle position affect the inception of cavitation and its development in the nozzle holes. These calculations are made at full needle lift and for various values of injection pressure and back-pressure. The results obtained for injection rate, momentum flux and effective injection velocity at the exit of the nozzles are compared with available CMT-Motores Térmicos in-house experimental data. Also, the cavitation pattern inside the nozzle and its effect on the internal nozzle flow is analyzed. The model predicts with reasonable accuracy the effects of geometry and operating conditions.
Patouna, S. (2012). A CFD STUDY OF CAVITATION IN REAL SIZE DIESEL INJECTORS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/14723
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Khaddour, Bassem. "Modélisation du champ électrique modifié par la charge d'espace injectée". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130130.

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Un certain nombre d'applications électrostatiques, notamment les dépoussiéreurs électrostatiques, mettent en oeuvre le phénomène de décharge couronne dans les gaz à partir d'électrodes ayant une forte courbure. Ces électrodes injectent des charges dans le gaz et la charge d'espace qui en résulte modifie la distribution du champ électrique. Le but de notre travail a été de développer un code numérique pour déterminer les distributions de champ électrique et de densité de charge dans la configuration lame-plan, la création de charge se faisant par effet couronne sur le bord de la lame.
Nous utilisons la méthode des éléments finis MEF pour résoudre l'équation de Poisson et la méthode des caractéristiques MC pour résoudre l'équation de conservation de la charge. Les deux équations couplées sont résolues par approximations successives en redéfinissant le maillage structuré à chaque itération pour éliminer la diffusion numérique. La redéfinition du maillage structuré est la partie la plus importante du travail. L'algorithme converge bien pour différentes distributions de la charge définies sur la lame injectrice. Les solutions numériques obtenues pour une loi d'injection imposée sur la lame plate donnent des résultats en très bon accord avec les mesures de densité de courant sur l'électrode plane d'un dispositif lame-plan.

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Brettar, Jonathan. "Développement de techniques optiques pour la caractérisation de brouillards de gouttes dans les foyers aéronautiques". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0035/document.

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L’optimisation des chambres de combustion est généralement réalisée à l'aide d’outils desimulation numérique. Lorsque le carburant est injecté sous forme liquide, la qualité des simulationsdépend en partie de la définition des conditions aux limites imposées pour cette phase à proximité del'injecteur (diamètre, vitesse et flux volumique des gouttes, vitesse de glissement entre phases). Cesconditions aux limites sont généralement définies à partir d'une analyse expérimentale dans desconditions réalistes d’injection, qui fait appel, dans le meilleur des cas, à l’utilisation del’Anémogranulomètre Phase Doppler (PDA). Cependant, cette technique ponctuelle est coûteuse entemps pour une caractérisation globale de l’injecteur et fournit une mesure des flux volumiques avecdes limitations. Il est également difficile d’accéder à des grandeurs telles que la vitesse de la phasegazeuse en présence des gouttes. Pour répondre à cette problématique, il paraît judicieux de mettre enœuvre des techniques de diagnostic optique spatialement résolues. Cette étude consiste à développer des techniques optiques de champ couplant des approches basées sur la diffusion de Mie, sur l'émission fluorescente des gouttes ou de traceurs et utilisant des algorithmes de type PIV, pour caractériser de manière simultanée et quantitative la granulométrie, la vitesse et le flux volumique de la phase dispersée, ainsi que la vitesse de la phase continue dans les brouillards de gouttes au sein d’une configuration réaliste de foyer aéronautique. Une attentionparticulière est portée à l'étude de la précision de la mesure. Ainsi, des comparaisons sont effectuéesavec des bases de données complètes obtenues à l’aide du PDA. L'analyse de ces résultats estconfrontée aux modèles de l'optique physique régissant les phénomènes de fluorescence et dediffusion de la lumière par des particules à l’aide de simulations. Cette démarche nous permetd'interpréter efficacement les résultats obtenus par imagerie directe et de définir les paramètresd'acquisition et de traitement assurant une précision optimale des mesures
The optimization of combustion chambers is generally carried out using numerical simulation tools.When fuel is injected in liquid form, the simulation quality depends on the boundary conditionsimposed to this phase close to the injector (diameter, velocity and volume flux of the droplets, slipvelocity between phases). These boundary conditions are usually set from an experimental analysisunder realistic conditions of injection, which in the best case uses Phase Doppler Anemo-granulometry(PDA). However, this point measurement technique is time consuming for an overall injectorcharacterization and provides a measurement of the volume flux with some limitations. It is alsodifficult to access variables such as the velocity of the gas phase in the presence of droplets. Toaddress this problem, it seems appropriate to implement spatially resolved optical diagnostictechniques. This study consists in the development of optical field techniques which combine approaches based onMie scattering, fluorescent emission from droplets or tracers and use PIV algorithms to characterizesimultaneously and quantitatively size, velocity and volume flux of the dispersed phase, and velocityof the continuous phase in droplet sprays in a realistic configuration of aeronautical injector. Aparticular attention is given to the study of the measurement accuracy. Thus, comparisons are carriedout with complete databases obtained with the PDA. The analysis of these results is faced withphysical optics models governing phenomena of fluorescence and light scattering by particles usingsimulations. This approach allows us to effectively interpret the results obtained by direct imaging anddefine acquisition and processing parameters ensuring optimum accuracy

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Dhaliwal, Harpreet S. "Comparison of linear and injected impression material techniques to determine furcation volume of maxillary molars". 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48225663.html.

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Keesee, Patrick. "Comparison of linear and injected impression material techniques to determine furcation volume of mandibular molars". 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48225723.html.

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Espinel, Diaz Arnaldo Leopoldo. "Generalized Correlations to Estimate Oil Recovery and Pore Volumes Injected in Waterflooding Projects". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8886.

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When estimating a waterflood performance and ultimate recovery, practitioners usually prepare a plot of log of water-oil ratio vs. cumulative production or recovery factor and extrapolate the linear section of the curve to a pre-established economic limit of water production. Following this practice, engineers take the risk of overestimating oil production and/or underestimating water production if the economic limit is optimistic. Engineers would be able to avoid that risk if they knew where the linear portion of the curve finishes. We called this linear portion the "straight-line zone" of simply SLZ. In this research, we studied that ―straight-line zone‖ and determined its boundaries (beginning and end) numerically using mathematics rules. We developed a new procedure and empirical correlations to predict oil recovery factor at any water/oil ratio. The approach uses the fundamental concepts of fluid displacement under Buckley-Leverett fractional flow theory, reservoir simulation, and statistical analysis from multivariate linear regression. We used commercial spreadsheet software, the Statistical Analysis Software, a commercial numerical reservoir simulator, and Visual Basic Application software. We determined generalized correlations to determine the beginning, end, slope, and intercept of this line as a function of rock and fluid properties, such as endpoints of relative permeability curves, connate water saturation, residual oil saturation, mobility ratio, and the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient. Characterizing the SLZ allows us to estimate the corresponding recovery factor and pore volumes injected at any water-oil ratio through the length of the SLZ . The SLZ is always present in the plot of log of water-oil ratio vs. cumulative production or recovery factor, and its properties can be predicted. Results were correlated in terms of the Dykstra-Parsons coefficient and mobility ratio. Using our correlations, practitioners can estimate the end of the SLZ without the risk of overestimating reserves and underestimating water production. Our procedure is also a helpful tool for forecasting and diagnosing waterfloods when a detailed reservoir simulation model is not available.

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Leonard, Anthony William. "The trapping of a gun-injected plasma by a tokamak". 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15288339.html.

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Steffen, Sara L. "Microtubule organization in mouse oocytes utilizing micro-injected sea urchin centrosomes". 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/25985886.html.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1992.
Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-86).

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Książki na temat "Injected Volume"

Abboud, Salim E., Dean A. Nakamoto i John R. Haaga. Local Administration of Fresh Frozen Plasma and Platelets in the Critically Ill Patient. Redaktorzy S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan i Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0104.

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The locally injected blood elements (LIBE) technique represents a useful alternative to systemic administration of blood products to reduce the risk of periprocedural hemorrhage in coagulopathic patients. The LIBE technique results in the creation of a “seroma” of platelets and/or blood products along the expected needle or instrument path to allow a high-quality blood clot to form, and it requires relatively less blood products compared to the more traditional systemic administration technique. Indications for LIBE include and expand on those for systemic administration of blood products to reverse pre-procedural coagulopathy, including contraindications to systemic reversal of pharmacologic anticoagulation, precarious fluid volume status, severe coagulopathy unlikely to normalize with systemic administration of blood products, patient history of adverse reaction to systemic administration of blood products, and limited availability of the desired blood product.

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Morgan, D. Densil. Spirituality, Worship, and Congregational Life. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0022.

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The chapters in this volume concentrate on the Dissenting traditions of the United Kingdom, the British Empire, and the United States. The Introduction weaves together their arguments, giving an overview of the historiography on Dissent while making the case for seeing Dissenters in different Anglophone connections as interconnected and conscious of their genealogical connections. The nineteenth century saw the creation of a vast Anglo-world which also brought Anglophone Dissent to its apogee. Yet any treatment of the subject must begin by recognizing the difficulties of spotting ‘Dissent’ outside the British Isles, where church–state relations were different from those that had originally produced Dissent. The chapter starts by emphasizing that if Dissent was a political and constitutional identity, then it was a relative and tactical one, which was often only strong where a strong Church of England existed to dissent against. It also suggests that in most parts of the world the later nineteenth century saw a growing enthusiasm for the moral and educational activism of the state, which plays against the idea of Dissent as a static, purely negative identity. The second section of the Introduction suggests identifying a fixation on the Bible as the watermark of Dissent. This did not mean there was agreement on what the Bible said or how to read it: the emphasis in Dissenting traditions on private judgement meant that conflict over Scripture was always endemic to them. The third section identifies a radical insistence on human spiritual equality as a persistent characteristic of Dissenters throughout the nineteenth century while also suggesting it was hard to maintain as they became aligned with social hierarchies and imperial authorities. Yet it also argues that transnational connections kept Dissenters from subsiding into acquiescence in the powers that were. The fourth section suggests that the defence and revival of a gospel faith also worked best when it was most transnational. The final section asks how far members of Dissenting traditions reconciled their allegiance to them with participation in high, national, and imperial cultures. It suggests that Dissenters could be seen as belonging to a robust subculture, one particularly marked by its domestication of the sacred and sacralization of the domestic. At the same time, however, both ‘Dissenting Gothic’ architecture and the embrace by Dissenters of denominational and national history writing illustrate that their identity was compatible with a confident grasp of national and imperial identities. That confidence was undercut in some quarters by the spread of pessimism among evangelicals and the turn to premillennial eschatology which injected a new urgency into the world mission. The itinerant holiness evangelists who turned away from the institutions built by mainstream denominations fostered Pentecostal movements, which in the twentieth century would decisively shift the balance of global Christianity from north to south. They indicate that the strength and global reach of Anglophone Dissenting traditions still lay in their dynamic heterogeneity.

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AlJaroudi, Wael. Risk Assessment in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0013.

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Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) include unstable angina pectoris (UAP), non-ST elevation (NSTEMI), and ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). Each year, more than 2 million people are hospitalized with ACS in the United States. The initial treatment has evolved over the last few decades from conservative management to early reperfusion therapy. Medical therapy has also significantly changed with the use of newer more potent antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, and anti-anginal drugs, which have resulted in improvement of patient care and survival. There is no role for stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in the acute presentation; however, rest MPI may be used to identify the culprit lesion and risk stratify patients if injected during chest pain. In stable patients for ACS, submaximal exercise or vasodilator MPI can be performed as early as 48 hours after the event. Several gated MPI-derived variables such as left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), LV volumes, infarct size, mechanical dyssynchrony, and residual ischemic burden can risk stratify patients and provide prognostic data incremental to validated clinical risk scores such as GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Syndrome) and TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction). Patients with depressed LVEF, remodeled LV, and large perfusion defects are at particularly high- risk for subsequent cardiac death or recurrent myocardial infarction. In such setting, MPI plays a pivotal role in the management of patients and guiding therapeutic decisions. The current chapter will review the clinical and MPI predictors of outcomes in patients presenting with ACS according to updated guidelines and a proposed algorithm integrating the role of MPI in guiding therapeutic decisions and management.

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Części książek na temat "Injected Volume"

Téot, Luc. "Atrophic Scars: Reinforcing the Flap Mattress Using Adipocyte Transfer in Paraplegic Patients at Risk of Pressure Ulcer Recurrence". W Textbook on Scar Management, 531–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_63.

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AbstractAtrophic scars may be defined as depressive areas on the skin, due to a defect of fatty tissue under the skin. This situation may lead to adherence to the depth (fascia, bone, tendon) to be a source of functional impairment. Most of the atrophic scars are secondary to acne localized over the face. Multiple techniques were proposed to restore the volume and uniformize the surface, like laser, injection of fat, microneedling, microdermabrasion, dermal fillers, and surgical techniques such as subcision and platlet rich plasma (PRP). On the basis of level 1 evidence currently available, it appears that PRP can improve the quality of atrophic acne scars treated with ablative fractional CO2 laser and decrease the duration of laser-related side effects including edema and erythema (Goutos). Regenerative surgery, including fat harvesting, centrifugation, and isolation of adipocyte stem cells, has been promoted since years and should be repeated when injected fat progressive crush is observed. The clinical case presented here is a paraplegic patient presenting a pressure sore in the left ischiatic area. The flap was successful but the depth of the transplanted fatty tissue was decreasing after some years. A first fat injection was programmed.

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Seitz, Timo, Ansgar Lechtenberg i Peter Gerlinger. "Rocket Combustion Chamber Simulations Using High-Order Methods". W Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 381–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_24.

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Abstract High-order spatial discretizations significantly improve the accuracy of flow simulations. In this work, a multi-dimensional limiting process with low diffusion (MLP$$^\text {ld}$$) and up to fifth order accuracy is employed. The advantage of MLP is that all surrounding volumes of a specific volume may be used to obtain cell interface values. This prevents oscillations at oblique discontinuities and improves convergence. This numerical scheme is utilized to investigate three different rocket combustors, namely a seven injector methane/oxygen combustion chamber, the widely simulated PennState preburner combustor and a single injector chamber called BKC, where pressure oscillations are important.

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Sharma, Abhishek, Varghese M. Thannickal, T. John Tharakan i S. Sunil Kumar. "Computational Modelling of MMH/NTO Combustion in a Multi-element Triplet Injector Combustor". W Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, Volume 4, 301–16. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7177-0_25.

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Divyansh, Ayush, Preetam Jamod i K. P. Shanmugadas. "Development of Advanced Fuel Injector Concepts for Compact Lean-Burn Gas-Turbine Combustors". W Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, Volume 4, 157–70. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7177-0_14.

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Gupta, Sanjay Kumar, Aman Bakshi, Rachit Bundiwal i K. P. Shanmugadas. "Characterization of the Spray Flow Field at the Exit of a Pintle Injector". W Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, Volume 5, 29–40. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6074-3_3.

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Sujithkumar, R., K. Chenthil Kumar, K. R. Anil Kumar, T. Jayachandran i Kowsik Bodi. "Numerical and Experimental Performance Comparison of a Typical Swirl Co-Axial Injector for a Cryogenic Combustor". W Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, Volume 4, 81–93. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7177-0_8.

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Satheesan, Aiswarya A., Nikhil Prasad, Nevin Nelson, S. Niranjan i Anjan R. Nair. "Numerical Analysis on the Effect of Aspect Ratio in a Diesel Injector Using Diesel and Diesel–Ethanol Blend". W Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power, Volume 4, 3–15. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7177-0_2.

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DelGiudice, Matthew. "Hip Arthrography". W Musculoskeletal Imaging Volume 2, redaktorzy Mihra S. Taljanovic i Tyson S. Chadaz, 156–57. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190938178.003.0101.

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Chapter 101 describes the indications, technique, and imaging findings of hip arthrography. Hip arthrography is selectively performed in routine clinical practice for MRA, typically in younger patients. Indications include hip pain thought to be caused by acetabular labral injury, femoroacetabular impingement syndromes, as well as therapeutic steroid injections. Contrast should easily inject and disperse throughout the joint away from the needle, opacifying the femoral head and neck recesses and outlining the zona orbicularis. The technique can also be used for arthrocentesis with suspected infection, but contrast should not be injected. Contrast extension into the acetabular labral substance may be occasionally depicted on the standard arthrography images. However, it is nowadays evaluated by MRA or sometimes CTA. Complications include infection, bleeding (especially if arterial puncture), and femoral nerve injury.

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DelGiudice, Matthew. "Shoulder Arthrography". W Musculoskeletal Imaging Volume 2, redaktorzy Mihra S. Taljanovic i Tyson S. Chadaz, 149–50. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190938178.003.0098.

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Chapter 98 describes indications, technique, and imaging findings of shoulder arthrography. Shoulder arthrography is commonly performed in routine clinical practice for MR arthrography (MRA), typically in younger patients. The main indications include evaluation of shoulder instability and postoperative rotator cuff. Other indications include fluoroscopic guidance for therapeutic injections or therapy for adhesive capsulitis. CT arthrography (CTA) may also be performed for evaluation of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) loosening and conversion from anatomic to reverse TSA. Contrast should be easy to inject and disperse throughout the joint. Abnormal communication between the glenohumeral joint and subacromial-subdeltoid and subcoracoid bursae is diagnostic of a full-thickness rotator cuff tear unless the contrast is accidentally injected into the bursa. However, in the setting of prior rotator cuff repair, contrast may extend into the bursa even in the absence of re-tear because the cuff is not watertight. Contrast extension into the glenoid labral substance is diagnostic of labral tear.

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Sangwan, Kavita, Suman Khurana, Arun Mittal, Parveen Kumar Goyal i Rupali Sharma. "NUCLEAR MEDICINE". W Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 2 Book 23, 251–80. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v2bs23p1ch20.

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Nuclear medicine is a medical specialty which uses radiopharmaceuticals for diagnosis and treatment. Radiopharmaceuticals are targeted compounds that have radionuclide for obtaining the images of the location of diagnosis and treatment. Using tools like gamma cameras, it is possible to objectively detect, measure and picture the ionizing radiations that come along with the radioactivity that has been injected. Nuclear medicine is used in diagnosis and therapy and has grown from simple in vitro test to advanced methods for imaging organ function. These include gamma cameras, SPECT and PET scanners, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanners. This chapter is focused on the history, diagnostic and clinical applications of nuclear medicine and design of radiopharmaceuticals

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Injected Volume"

Gaillard, T., D. Davidenko i F. Dupoirieux. "Numerical investigation of an unsteady injection adapted to the continuous detonation wave rocket engine operation". W Progress in Propulsion Physics – Volume 11. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201911347.

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Detonation applied to propulsion could result in a promising increase of the thermodynamic efficiency of the engine cycle. Numerical simulations of the detonation propagating in the Continuous Detonation Wave Rocket Engine (CDWRE) are currently performed but still do not account for realistic injection process. The assumption of an ideal injected premix is generally chosen for convenience to obtain theoretical results. Comparison of the numerical results with experiments is difficult because of the clear difference of the injection configurations. Some physical aspects of the separate injection of the components used in experiments are not clearly assessed. This study is included in a wider numerical project aimed at designing and optimizing a realistic CDWRE. The optimization process is presently focused on the injector. One element of the injection hole pattern is considered assuming that this element is periodically repeated over the injector head. The aim of the work presented here is to model and analyze the refill process of the components in the combustion chamber behind the rotating detonation. The simulation starts just after the passage of the detonation over the considered injection element. This simulation gives information on the way the injected propellants recreate the reactive mixture for the next detonation. In the first step, two-dimensional (2D) computations helped us to set up the methodology and to study the dynamic response of the fresh components injected. A comparison between 2D homogeneous and separate injections is provided. In the second step, three-dimensional (3D) computations have been performed with a separate injection suitable for the CDWRE operation. Some performance parameters are evaluated such as mixing efficiency or filling of the domain.

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Nunes Jorge, Joao, Cyril Agut, Tom Blanchard, Julie Granel i Pierre Thore. "4D seismic-guided injected volume estimation: A pseudo-skeletonization approach". W International Meeting for Applied Geoscience & Energy. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/image2023-3911792.1.

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Suga, Daisuke, Masaki Hashizume, Hiroyuki Yotsuyanagi i Shyue-Kung Lu. "Electrical interconnect test method of 3D ICs by injected charge volume". W 2015 International 3D Systems Integration Conference (3DIC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3dic.2015.7334588.

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Suslov, D. I., J. S. Hardi, B. Knapp i M. Oschwald. "Hot-fire testing of liquid oxygen/hydrogen single coaxial injector at high-pressure conditions with optical diagnostics". W Progress in Propulsion Physics – Volume 11. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201911391.

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Injector behavior is of utmost importance for the performance and stability of liquid rocket engines (LREs). A major problem is getting a highly efficient homogeneous mixture and effective chemical reaction of fuels at minimum chamber length. Despite substantial progress in numerical simulations, a need for experimental data at representative conditions for development and validation of numerical design tools still exists. Therefore, in the framework of the DLR-project “ProTau,” the authors have performed tests to create an extended data base for numerical tool validation for high-pressure liquid oxygen (LOx) / hydrogen combustion. During the experimental investigations, a windowed DLR subscale thrust chamber model “C” (designated BKC) has been operated over a broad range of conditions at reduced pressures of approximately 0.8 (4 MPa), 1 (5 MPa), and 1.2 (6 MPa) with respect to the thermodynamic critical pressure of oxygen. Liquid oxygen and gaseous hydrogen (GH2) have been injected through a single coaxial injector element at temperatures of ~ 120 and ~ 130 K, respectively. High-speed optical diagnostics have been implemented, including imaging of OH* emission and shadowgraph imaging at frequencies from 8 up to 10 kHz to visualize the flow field.

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Sangras, R., O. C. Kwon i G. M. Faeth. "Self-Preserving Properties of Unsteady Round Nonbuoyant Turbulent Starting Jets and Puffs in Still Fluids". W ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/htd-24255.

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Abstract The self-preserving properties of round nonbuoyant turbulent starting jets, puffs and interrupted jets were studied experimentally and theoretically for flows in still and unstratified environments. The experiments involved dye-containing fresh water sources injected into still fresh water within a large fresh water tank with images of the flows obtained using a video camera. Near-source behavior varied significantly with source properties but self-preserving behavior was observed at distances greater than 20–30 source diameters from the source. Within the self-preserving region, normalized streamwise and radial penetration distances varied as functions of time, in accord with requirements for self-preservation, to the following powers: 1/2 for starting nonbuoyant jets and 1/4 for nonbuoyant puffs. Effects of injected fluid quantity for puffs were reflected by the location of the virtual origin which was independent of injected fluid volume for small volumes but became proportional to injected fluid volume for large volumes typical of interrupted jets.

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Afonja, Gbolahan, Richard Gary Hughes, Venu Gopal Rao Nagineni i Lu Jin. "Simulation Study for Optimizing Injected Surfactant Volume in a Miscible Carbon Dioxide Flood". W SPETT 2012 Energy Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/158220-ms.

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Afonja, Gbolahan, Richard Gary Hughes i Shrinidhi Shetty. "Experimental Study for Optimizing Injected Surfactant Volume in a Miscible Carbon Dioxide Flood". W SPE EOR Conference at Oil and Gas West Asia. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/150634-ms.

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Ferrari, A., Z. Jin, A. Mittica, O. Vento, T. Zhang, L. Ouyang i S. Tan. "Application of the Common-Feeding Injection System Layout to Light Duty Commercial Vehicle Diesel Engines". W ASME 2019 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2019-7142.

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Abstract The innovative Common Feeding (CF) fuel injection system has been designed for a light duty commercial vehicle diesel engine in order to reduce production costs and allow easy installation on the engine, compared to a traditional Common Rail system. In the CF apparatus, a delivery chamber with a volume around 10 cm3 is integrated in the high-pressure pump. The chamber at one side is connected to the pump, and at the other side is linked to the solenoid injectors by means of pipes (the rail is removed from the hydraulic circuit). Experimental tests have been carried out on a hydraulic test rig at the Politecnico di Torino in order to compare the general performance of the prototypal CF system with that of a Common Rail (CR) system equipped with different rail volume sizes (realized by manufacturing rails of the same length but with different internal diameter). The injected mass flow-rates of single injections as well as of pilot-main injections have been captured by instantaneous flow-rate meters. In the case of the double injection schedules, the dependence of the injected mass pertaining to the second injection shot has been investigated during dwell time sweeps and design solutions have been provided to minimize the oscillations of such injected mass with respect to dwell time for the CF system. Furthermore, the injector inlet pressure time histories, the static and dynamic injector leakages, the nozzle opening and closure delays and the injected volume cycle-to-cycle dispersion have been evaluated for both CR and CF systems. In general, the injection performance of the injection systems with different hydraulic capacitances or shapes of the accumulator is similar. One significant difference is that the injection rate feature slightly different slopes during the rising phases. Furthermore, cycle-to-cycle dispersion in the injected mass increase to some extent when the accumulation volume of the high-pressure circuit is dramatically decreased. Finally, the frequencies of the free pressure waves that are originated by the water hammer, which occurs at the end of a hydraulic injection, are different when the shape of the accumulation volume change, whereas these frequencies are basically independent of the accumulation volume size.

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Rodríguez-Pradilla, Germán, David Eaton i Melanie Popp. "2000-2020: Two Decades of Evolution of Hydraulic Fracturing-Induced Seismicity in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin". W SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204157-ms.

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Abstract The goal of this work is to calibrate a regional predictive model for maximum magnitude of seismic activity associated with hydraulic-fracturing in low-permeability formations in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Hydraulic fracturing data (i.e. total injected volume, injection rate, and pressure) were compiled from more than 40,000 hydraulic-fractured wells in the WCSB. These wells were drilled into more than 100 different formations over a 20-year period (January 1st, 2000 and January 1st, 2020). The total injected volume per unit area was calculated utilizing an area of 0.2° in longitude by 0.1° in latitude (or approximately 13x11km, somewhat larger than a standard township of 6x6 miles). This volume was then used to correlate with reported seismicity in the same unit areas. Collectively, within the 143 km2 area considered in this study, a correlation between the total injected volume and the maximum magnitude of seismic events was observed. Results are similar to the maximum-magnitude forecasting model proposed by A. McGarr (JGR, 2014) for seismic events induced by wastewater injection wells in central US. The McGarr method is also based on the total injected fluid per well (or per multiple nearby wells located in the same unit area). However, in some areas in the WCSB, lower injected fluid volumes than the McGarr model predicts were needed to induce seismic events of magnitude 3.0 or higher, although with a similar linear relation. The result of this work is the calculation of a calibration parameter for the McGarr model to better predict the magnitudes of seismic events associated with the injected volumes of hydraulic fracturing. This model can be used to predict induced seismicity in future unconventional hydraulic fracturing treatments and prevent large-magnitude seismic events from occurring. The rich dataset available from the WCSB allowed us to carry out a robust analysis of the influence of critical parameters (such as the total injected fluid) in the maximum magnitude of seismic events associated with the hydraulic-fracturing stimulation of unconventional wells. This analysis could be replicated for any other sedimentary basin with unconventional wells by compiling similar stimulation and earthquake data as in this study.

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Reitman, V., V. S. V. Rajan i T. R. Heidrick. "The Effect of Injected Fluid Volume on Heavy Oil Displacement in a Porous Medium". W SPE California Regional Meeting. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/15065-ms.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Injected Volume"

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Title I Design Report: Fermilab Main Injector, Volume I - Technical Components (Revision 0). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1569242.

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Author, Not Given. Title I Design Report: Fermilab Main Injector, Volume 3 - Technical Cost Estimate, August 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1413733.

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Author, Not Given. Title I Design Report: Fermilab Main Injector, Volume 2 - Civil Construction, August 1992 (Revision 0). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1568879.

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He, Xihua. PR-015-113601-Z01 Enhancement and Validation of Internal Corrosion Threat Guidelines-Phase 1. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010804.

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This study collected and analyzed more field data to enhance the probabilistic model for predicting internal corrosion threats in nominally dry natural gas pipelines developed previously, especially in the region where the internal corrosion risk is higher. The Excel� tool developed previously was also updated with the enhanced model for predicting internal corrosion risk based on basic operating conditions, (i.e., average gas operating temperature, seasonal gas operating temperature amplitude, and operating pressure). In this project, a general-purpose Excel tool was created to allow calculation of residual hydrotest water evaporation time for one or more liquid water pools located in low spots in the pipeline based on water volume, pipe low spot geometry, and gas flow conditions. Another Excel tool also was developed to predict water stream length when gas from the inlet branch line at higher temperature injects water stream into the main gas transmission pipeline and the time to reach steady state condition before the water is completely evaporated for many types of pipeline scenarios.

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He, Xihua. PR015-183601-Z01 Enhancement of Internal Corrosion Threat Guidelines for Dry Natural Gas Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), lipiec 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011607.

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Garceau, Sean. PR-283-20207-R01 Field Trial of Solar Turbines Methane Emissions Reduction Solution for Gas Compressors. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012230.

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The Methane Emissions Reduction solution designed by Solar Turbines was installed and evaluated at the Berkshire Hathaway Energy (Dominion) Chambersburg station in Pennsylvania, USA. Solar Turbines supplied a dry seal recompression (DSR) system and a process vent recompression (PVR) system at the station. The objective of the field trial was to evaluate the durability of this new system, compare the performance in the field to simulation models and as needed make improvements to the mechanical design and/or software control. The dry gas seal recompression system was installed and connected to a Solar Turbines C402 process compressor dry seal primary vent to capture, hold, and reuse dry seal gas leakage. The process vent recompression system was connected to the C402 compressor discharge piping to capture the process gas during pressurized hold and inject it back into the suction line in lieu of venting the gas to atmosphere. Operational data for the two systems was collected for 22-months starting in January 2020 and ending in October 2021. Data was collected at different sample rates; high speed (10ms, 100ms), 1 second, 10 seconds, and 1 hour through historical logs and analyzed for this period of time to evaluate the durability of the systems. Several enhancements were implemented and validated. Data collected during a 12-month period showed that a recycle line and volume bottles on the suction of the compressor helped optimize the performance of the compressor and increased durability. In addition, the use of the auxiliary drain recapture tank on the DSR system allowed for the achievement of a capture rate greater than 99% and resolved issues associated with leakage back into the compressor's first stage inlet during the charge period of the cycle.

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Aursjø, Olav, Aksel Hiorth, Alexey Khrulenko i Oddbjørn Mathias Nødland. Polymer flooding: Simulation Upscaling Workflow. University of Stavanger, listopad 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.203.

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There are many issues to consider when implementing polymer flooding offshore. On the practical side one must handle large volumes of polymer in a cost-efficient manner, and it is crucial that the injected polymer solutions maintain their desired rheological properties during transit from surface facilities and into the reservoir. On the other hand, to predict polymer flow in the reservoir, one must conduct simulations to find out which of the mechanisms observed at the pore and core scales are important for field behavior. This report focuses on theoretical aspects relevant for upscaling of polymer flooding. To this end, several numerical tools have been developed. In principle, the range of length scales covered by these tools is extremely wide: from the nm (10-9 m) to the mm (10-3 m) range, all the way up to the m and km range. However, practical limitations require the use of other tools as well, as described in the following paragraphs. The simulator BADChIMP is a pore-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver based on the Lattice Boltzmann method. At the pore scale, fluid flow is described by classical laws of nature. To a large extent, pore scale simulations can therefore be viewed as numerical experiments, and they have great potential to foster understanding of the detailed physics of polymer flooding. While valid across length scales, pore scale models require a high numerical resolution, and, subsequently, large computational resources. To model laboratory experiments, the NIORC has, through project 1.1.1 DOUCS, developed IORCoreSim. This simulator includes a comprehensive model for polymer rheological behavior (Lohne A. , Stavland, Åsen, Aursjø, & Hiorth, 2021). The model is valid at all continuum scales; however, the simulator implementation is not able to handle very large field cases, only smaller sector scale systems. To capture polymer behavior at the full field scale, simulators designed for that specific purpose must be used. One practical problem is therefore: How can we utilize the state-of-the-art polymer model, only found in IORCoreSim, as a tool to decrease the uncertainty in full field forecasts? To address this question, we suggest several strategies for how to combine different numerical tools. In the Methodological Approach section, we briefly discuss the more general issue of linking different scales and simulators. In the Validation section, we present two case studies demonstrating the proposed strategies and workflows.

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