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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Initial-response-evaluation"
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Moran, Simone, i Ilana Ritov. "Initial perceptions in negotiations: evaluation and response to ?logrolling? offers". Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 15, nr 2 (2002): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdm.405.
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Amioka, Kei, Tomokazu Kawaoka, Masanari Kosaka, Yusuke Johira, Yuki Shirane, Ryoichi Miura, Serami Murakami i in. "Analysis of Survival and Response to Lenvatinib in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma". Cancers 14, nr 2 (10.01.2022): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14020320.
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The association between radiological response and overall survival (OS) was retrospectively evaluated in patients treated with lenvatinib as a first-line systemic treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 182 patients with Child–Pugh class A liver function and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of zero or one were enrolled. Radiological evaluation was performed using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST). Initial radiological evaluation confirmed significant stratification of OS by efficacy judgment with both RECIST and mRECIST, and that initial radiological response was an independent prognostic factor for OS on multivariate analysis. Furthermore, in patients with stable disease (SD) at initial evaluation, macrovascular invasion at the initial evaluation on RECIST and modified albumin–bilirubin grade at initial evaluation on mRECIST were independent predictors of OS on multivariate analysis. In conclusion, if objective response is obtained at the initial evaluation, continuation of treatment appears desirable because prolonged OS can be expected; but, if SD is obtained at the initial evaluation, one should determine whether to continue or switch to the next treatment, with careful consideration of factors related to the tumor and hepatic reserve at the initial evaluation.
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SOLOWAY, M. S., W. M. MURPHY, D. E. JOHNSON, G. M. FARROW, D. F. PAULSON i M. B. GARNICK. "Initial Evaluation and Response Criteria for Patients with Superficial Bladder Cancer". British Journal of Urology 66, nr 4 (październik 1990): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.1990.tb14958.x.
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Platzek, Ivan, Bettina Beuthien-Baumann, Jens Langner, Manuel Popp, Georg Schramm, Rainer Ordemann, Michael Laniado, Jörg Kotzerke i Jörg van den Hoff. "PET/MR for therapy response evaluation in malignant lymphoma: initial experience". Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine 26, nr 1 (16.09.2012): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10334-012-0342-7.
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Claffey, Noel, Bruno Loos, Bernard Gantes, Michael Martin i Jan Egelberg. "Probing depth at re-evaluation following initial periodontal therapy to indicate the initial response to treatment". Journal of Clinical Periodontology 16, nr 4 (kwiecień 1989): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1989.tb01646.x.
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Yacoub, Essa, Tuong Huu Le, Kamil Ugurbil i Xiaoping Hu. "Further evaluation of the initial negative response in functional magnetic resonance imaging". Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 41, nr 3 (marzec 1999): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199903)41:3<436::aid-mrm2>3.0.co;2-#.
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KELMER, G., T. J. DOHERTY, S. ELLIOTT, A. SAXTON, M. M. FRY i F. M. ANDREWS. "Evaluation of dimethyl sulphoxide effects on initial response to endotoxin in the horse". Equine Veterinary Journal 40, nr 4 (czerwiec 2008): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2746/042516408x293501.
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Wittgens, Bernd, i Sigurd Skogestad. "Evaluation of Dynamic Models of Distillation Columns with Emphasis on the Initial Response". Modeling, Identification and Control: A Norwegian Research Bulletin 21, nr 2 (2000): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4173/mic.2000.2.2.
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Wittgens, Bernd, i Sigurd Skogestad. "Evaluation of Dynamic Models of Distillation Columns with Emphasis on the Initial Response". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 28, nr 9 (czerwiec 1995): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)47047-9.
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Doecke, C. J., D. G. Cosh i A. S. Gallus. "Standardised initial warfarin treatment: evaluation of initial treatment response and maintenance dose prediction by randomised trial, and risk factors for an excessive warfarin response". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 21, nr 3 (czerwiec 1991): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.1991.tb04697.x.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Initial-response-evaluation"
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Lee, Dong. "Scattering impulse response synthesis using random noise illumination: initial concept evaluation/". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23383.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This thesis investigates the synthesis of smoothed impulse responses using sampled data of the input and output of random noise driven electromagnetic systems. Special interactive software was developed for NPS's time domain electromagnetic scattering laboratory. The system performs signal acquisition, synthesizes time and frequency domain scattering responses using broad band random noise and provides results as easily evaluated graphic displays. Attempted validations of the system are made by comparing synthesized impulse responses for microwave filters and transient scatterers to alternate experimental and computational data. Keywords: Scattering; Random noise; Experiment; Electromagnetics; Radar
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Dashwood, Ann, i n/a. "Third Turn as a Teachable Moment in Foreign Language Pedagogy". Griffith University. School of Cognition, Language and Special Education, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060810.092724.
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Talk is the vehicle of exchange in language classrooms when communicative competence is being developed. Turns of talk then facilitate the meaning-making process as students and teachers collaboratively come to understand the discourse of knowledge they are co-constructing. During the pivotal third turn in the essential teaching exchange, there is potential for teachers to realise productive pedagogies as they facilitate their students' organisational and pragmatic skills in the foreign language. This study brings a lens to Initiation-Response-Evaluation (IRE) triadic dialogue, which has been criticised for its monological overuse and limitation of students' language production. Analysis of the third turn shows the uptake to be an implicit move in the exchange. Teachers appear not to be aware of the potential benefit it offers them for co-constructed language use at that point in teacher-student interactions. Teachers draw on students' background knowledge and experiential learning in the four domains of productive pedagogies (intellectual quality, supportive classroom environment, recognition of difference and connectedness) when they engage them through an authentic use of language. For this study, potential for productive pedagogy was investigated in the classroom talk of two teachers of Japanese at year 10 level. In a case study, six transcribed and translated lessons were subjected to conversational and membership categorisation analyses using Bachman's (1990) communicative language ability framework to describe language production around the third turn and to hypothesise its effectiveness in providing opportunities for students to generate output in the target language.
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Dashwood, Ann. "Third Turn as a Teachable Moment in Foreign Language Pedagogy". Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366529.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Talk is the vehicle of exchange in language classrooms when communicative competence is being developed. Turns of talk then facilitate the meaning-making process as students and teachers collaboratively come to understand the discourse of knowledge they are co-constructing. During the pivotal third turn in the essential teaching exchange, there is potential for teachers to realise productive pedagogies as they facilitate their students' organisational and pragmatic skills in the foreign language. This study brings a lens to Initiation-Response-Evaluation (IRE) triadic dialogue, which has been criticised for its monological overuse and limitation of students' language production. Analysis of the third turn shows the uptake to be an implicit move in the exchange. Teachers appear not to be aware of the potential benefit it offers them for co-constructed language use at that point in teacher-student interactions. Teachers draw on students' background knowledge and experiential learning in the four domains of productive pedagogies (intellectual quality, supportive classroom environment, recognition of difference and connectedness) when they engage them through an authentic use of language. For this study, potential for productive pedagogy was investigated in the classroom talk of two teachers of Japanese at year 10 level. In a case study, six transcribed and translated lessons were subjected to conversational and membership categorisation analyses using Bachman's (1990) communicative language ability framework to describe language production around the third turn and to hypothesise its effectiveness in providing opportunities for students to generate output in the target language.Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Education (EdD)
School of Cognition, Language and Special Education
Full Text
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Chitera, Nancy. "Discourse practices of mathematics teacher educators in initial teacher training colleges in Malawi". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/7574.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This is a qualitative research that draws on Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis
methodology to analyze the discourse practices of the mathematics teacher educators in
initial teacher training colleges in Malawi. The study involved four mathematics teacher
educators in two teacher training colleges located in two different regions of Malawi.
Specifically the study explored the following questions:
1) What are the discourse practices that mathematics teacher educators
display in their descriptions of multilingual mathematics classrooms?
2) a) What are the discourse practices that mathematics teacher educators
display in a college mathematics classroom?
b) How do they make available the discourse practices for the student
teachers to draw on?
Data was collected through pre-observation interviews, classroom observations,
reflective interviews and focus group discussions with the mathematics teacher
educators.
This study has shown that while there are some disconnections between the discourse
practices produced in a school multilingual mathematics classroom and a college
mathematics classroom, some of the discourse practices that mathematics teachers
produced in a college mathematics classroom reinforces the common discourse
practices being produced in multilingual mathematics classroom. There are three
common discourse practices that were displayed in a college mathematics classroom.
These discourse practices are: Initial-Response-Evaluation (Pimm, 1987), traditional
lecturing and group discussions. I observed that the IRE and traditional lecturing
discourse practices were accompanied by directive discourses for procedural control,
and the procedural discourse was the prevalent discourse in all the discourse practices
produced.
iv
Three major themes have emerged from the data analysis. Firstly, the research findings
indicate that the mathematics teacher educators regard multilingualism and the language
practices that come with it such as code-switching more as a problem rather than a
resource for teaching and learning. Secondly, code-switching in college mathematics
classroom is not as spontaneous as is research shows it to be in schools; rather it is very
much controlled and restricted. Thirdly, the dilemmas of code-switching as discussed
by Adler (1998, 2001) are more acute in teacher training colleges, mainly because of the
mismatch in the Language-in-Education Policy (LiEP) in schools and tertiary level.
Książki na temat "Initial-response-evaluation"
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Lee, Dong. Scattering impulse response synthesis using random noise illumination: Initial concept evaluation. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1988.
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UNICEF. East Asia and the Pacific Regional Office. Solomon Islands April 2nd 2007 earthquake and tsunami disaster: An evaluation of UNICEF's response in the emergency and initial recovery phases. Suva, Fiji: United Nations Children's Fund, 2008.
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Silva, Mônica Araújo da, i Marcio José de Macêdo Dertoni. Proposal for a self-assessment tool to contribute to the improvement of the emergency response process. Seven Editora, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevedi76016-033.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article describes a new proposal for a SelfAssessment Tool to contribute to the Improvement of the Emergency Response Process, based on the concepts and structure of the ICS/SCO. The proposal establishes a consistent, flexible, and standardized self-assessment. It aims to contribute to identifying strengths and improving the initial response stages, the action plan, and the demobilization of the response process. The tool allows generating results that facilitate the immediate identification of strengths and improvements, helping to prepare action plans already aligned with the basic structure, functions, and stages of the SCO, according to the graphs presented, as the checklist scores. The proposal encourages a decrease in subjectivity in evaluators' perception and an increase in the number of indications for improvement arising from the evaluation, providing significant gains for quality in the emergency response process.
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Schott, Christopher K., i Jessica A. Fozard. Hypotension and Shock (DRAFT). Redaktorzy Raghavan Murugan i Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0008.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Hypotension is a common cause of rapid response team (RRT) activation. It is critical to be able to rapidly identify the etiology of hypotension. In the setting of a rapid response team call, there is often limited time and information available when first encountering a hypotensive patient. With attention to key elements in the patient’s history of present illness, physical exam, and findings of predominant changes in systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressures, RRTs can rapidly narrow their differential diagnosis. We will discuss the initial evaluation and treatment recommendations based on the etiology of hypotension and shock. Resuscitation should continue until circulatory homeostasis occurs, as guided by a patient’s exam, vital signs, and trends in laboratory values. This chapter provides a framework on how to quickly differentiate between the causes of hypotension or shock when evaluating patients during a rapid response scenario to most accurately guide therapy.
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Gidwani, Hitesh, i Chenell Donadee. Hypertensive Emergencies (DRAFT). Redaktorzy Raghavan Murugan i Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0009.
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Hypertensive emergencies may be encountered by rapid response teams (RRTs). Various forms of acute organ dysfunction separate hypertensive urgency from hypertensive emergency. These include acute heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, acute aortic dissection, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, hypertensive encephalopathy, sympathetic crisis, postoperative hypertension, and hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy. RRTs must be able to rapidly assess the patient’s condition, initiate treatment, and triage the patient to the appropriate level of care. This chapter summarizes the initial evaluation and triage of the patient as well as the blood pressure reduction goals in the acute period for the various conditions associated with hypertensive emergencies, discussing suggested drugs with the dosages, and looking at common pitfalls.
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Sever, Mehmet Şükrü, i Raymond Vanholder. Acute kidney injury in polytrauma and rhabdomyolysis. Redaktor Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0252_update_001.
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The term ‘polytrauma’ refers to blunt (or crush) trauma that involves multiple body regions or cavities, and compromises physiology to potentially cause dysfunction of uninjured organs. Polytrauma frequently affects muscles resulting in rhabdomyolysis. In daily life, it mostly occurs after motor vehicle accidents, influencing a limited number of patients; after mass disasters, however, thousands of polytrauma victims may present at once with only surgical features or with additional medical complications (crush syndrome). Among the medical complications, acute kidney injury (AKI) deserves special mention, since it is frequent and has a substantial impact on the ultimate outcome.Several factors play a role in the pathogenesis of polytrauma (or crush)-induced AKI: (1) hypoperfusion of the kidneys, (2) myoglobin-induced direct nephrotoxicity, and intratubular obstruction, and also (3) several other mechanisms (i.e. iron and free radical-induced damage, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and ischaemia reperfusion injury). Crush-related AKI is prerenal at the beginning; however, acute tubular necrosis may develop eventually. In patients with crush syndrome, apart from findings of trauma, clinical features may include (but are not limited to) hypotension, oliguria, brownish discoloration of urine, and other symptoms and findings, such as sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, bleeding, cardiac failure, arrhythmias, electrolyte disturbances, and also psychological trauma.In the biochemical evaluation, life-threatening hyperkalaemia, retention of uraemic toxins, high anion gap metabolic acidosis, elevated serum levels of myoglobin, and muscle enzymes are noted; creatine phosphokinase is very useful for diagnosing rhabdomyolysis.Early fluid administration is vital to prevent crush-related AKI; the rate of initial fluid volume should be 1000 mL/hour. Overall, 3–6 L are administered within a 6-hour period considering environmental, demographic and clinical features, and urinary response to fluids. In disaster circumstances, the preferred fluid formulation is isotonic saline because of its ready availability. Alkaline (bicarbonate-added) hypotonic saline may be more useful, especially in isolated cases not related to disaster, as it may prevent intratubular myoglobin, and uric acid plugs, metabolic acidosis, and also life-threatening hyperkalaemia.In the case of established acute tubular necrosis, dialysis support is life-saving. Although all types of dialysis techniques may be used, intermittent haemodialysis is the preferred modality because of medical and logistic advantages. Close follow-up and appropriate treatment improve mortality rates, which may be as low as 15–20% even in disaster circumstances. Polytrauma victims after mass disasters deserve special mention, because crush syndrome is the second most frequent cause of death after trauma. Chaos, overwhelming number of patients, and logistical drawbacks often result in delayed, and sometimes incorrect treatment. Medical and logistical disaster preparedness is useful to improve the ultimate outcome of disaster victims.
Części książek na temat "Initial-response-evaluation"
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Chandhoke, P. S., R. Dunlay, P. Stein, J. Nitz i K. A. Hruska. "Exaggerated Response of the Hyper-Oxaluric Stone Former to an Oxalate Load Test at Initial Metabolic Evaluation". W Urolithiasis 2, 355–57. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2556-1_124.
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Wittgens, Bernd, i Sigurd Skogestad. "Evaluation of Dynamic Models of Distillation Columns with Emphasis on the Initial Response". W Dynamics and Control of Chemical Reactors, Distillation Columns and Batch Processes (Dycord'95), 261–67. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-042368-5.50045-9.
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Silva, Mônica Araújo da, i Marcio José de Macêdo Dertoni. "Proposal for a self-assessment tool to contribute to the improvement of the emergency response process". W As diversas áreas do desenvolvimento e seus conceitos, 385–98. Seven Editora, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevedi40374-033.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This article describes a new proposal for a SelfAssessment Tool to contribute to the Improvement of the Emergency Response Process, based on the concepts and structure of the ICS/SCO. The proposal establishes a consistent, flexible, and standardized self-assessment. It aims to contribute to identifying strengths and improving the initial response stages, the action plan, and the demobilization of the response process. The tool allows generating results that facilitate the immediate identification of strengths and improvements, helping to prepare action plans already aligned with the basic structure, functions, and stages of the SCO, according to the graphs presented, as the checklist scores. The proposal encourages a decrease in subjectivity in evaluators' perception and an increase in the number of indications for improvement arising from the evaluation, providing significant gains for quality in the emergency response process
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Lopez-Ben, Robert. "Ultrasound of the Rheumatologic Diseases". W Musculoskeletal Imaging Volume 2, redaktorzy Mihra S. Taljanovic i Tyson S. Chadaz, 387–91. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190938178.003.0128.
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Chapter 127 discusses US scanning for rheumatologic diseases. US is increasingly being used in patients with rheumatologic diseases for initial diagnostic evaluation and to objectively monitor disease course and treatment response. US findings of synovitis and erosive disease can help identify and monitor inflammatory arthritis, in particular rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with greater sensitivity and specificity than radiography. Evaluation of target joints for the different rheumatologic diseases helps expedite the examinations. US findings of enthesopathy may help differentiate psoriatic and reactive arthritis from RA. The US findings associated with gout and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) arthropathy can also help in differentiating these entities from other inflammatory arthritides.
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Mazumdar, Suvodeep, Fabio Ciravegna, Neil Ireson, Jennifer Read, Emma Simpson i Peter Cudd. "Communicating With Citizens on the Ground". W Emergency and Disaster Management, 464–85. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6195-8.ch021.
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Availability and access to information is critical for a highly effective response to an ongoing event however, information reported by citizens is based on their context, bias and subjective interpretation, and the channel of communication may be too narrow to provide clear, accurate reporting. This can often lead to inadequate response to an emergency, which can in turn result in loss of property or even lives. Excessive response to an emergency can also result in a waste of highly resources. The authors' solution to address this problem is to make the citizen act as a camera for the control room by exploiting the user's mobile camera. The system is designed to provide a live view of the citizen's immediate surroundings, while control room personnel can provide instructions. In this paper, the authors introduce their approach and share initial insights from a focus group validation session and then four evaluations with users within a separate but closely related domain. They discuss their observations, evaluation results and provide a set of recommendations for the Emergency Response domain.
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Xia, Dongrui, Lijiang Han, Yang Li, Lichuang Ma i Junjie Yan. "Nonlinear Seismic Response Analysis of the Surrounding Rock-Tunnel System in the Mountain Areas Under SV Wave". W Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210185.
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The seismic responses and failure mechanisms of the tunnels embedded in the rock are quite different from those of the aboveground structures due to the dynamic interactions between tunnel and surrounding rock. In the previous studies, the tunnel models were under some extent of simplification without considering much of critical issues such as the three-dimensional (3D) characteristics, nonlinear mechanical properties or initial in-situ stress in the model, which are bound to bring the unpredictable errors in the evaluation of seismic response of tunnel-rock system. In this paper, some 3D nonlinear finite element models are established to evaluate the seismic response of surrounding rock-tunnel system in the mountain areas, considering the initial stress state of surrounding rock-tunnel system induced by gravity and excavation, General Mohr Coulomb nonlinear constitutive. Based on the proposed model, the optimal value of the longitudinal length of the model is firstly discussed to determine the value range of the model size. After that, a series of numerical parametric analyses are carried out to investigate the deformation of the surrounding rock. One important finding is that there exists a most unfavorable stress condition which makes the tunnel induce maximum seismic responses. Finally, the typical control variable method is employed to compare the results of the models established in this paper with those of the model considering or not some of significance factors, the comparison results further prove the necessity of establishing the 3D nonlinear model.
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Vossen, Josephina A. "Mixed Connective Tissue Disease". W Musculoskeletal Imaging Volume 1, redaktor Kevin B. Hoover, 190–92. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190938161.003.0043.
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Chapter 43 discusses mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), which is a complex disease with overlapping features of systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and polymyositis. MCTD is rare and more common in women than in men, characterized by the presence of high titers of a distinctive autoantibody, called anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein (RNP). Arthritis and myositis are common features. Radiographs are standard in the initial evaluation of symptomatic extremities. Ultrasound is useful to evaluate multiple joints. MRI is especially sensitive in detection of myositis. Medical therapy is targeted to specific organ involvement and extent of disease activity. There are large variations in clinical features, response to therapy, and outcomes.
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Liu, Sara W., i Alan Kominsky. "Criteria for Patient Selection". W Upper Airway Stimulation Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea, 83–92. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197521625.003.0005.
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Patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea and body mass index <35 kg/m2 who are intolerant to positive airway pressure therapy should be considered for a hypoglossal nerve stimulator. Appropriate patient selection is essential to optimizing therapy response with device implantation. Important factors for consideration when patients present for initial evaluation in the outpatient setting include pertinent clinical history, body habitus, upper airway anatomy, and polysomnographic data. Patients who are identified as appropriate candidates should then undergo drug-induced sleep endoscopy to evaluate the pattern of airway collapse. These current recommendations have been validated in clinical trials as positive predictors of therapy success.
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Griffin, Jan M., Bushra W. Taha i Yoshifumi Naka. "Left Ventricular Assist Device Troubleshooting: Hypotension". W Cardiothoracic Critical Care, 191–96. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190082482.003.0019.
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The differential diagnosis for postoperative hypotension after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is broad and is defined as a mean arterial pressure <60 mm Hg for continuous-flow LVADs. Etiologies to consider include vasodilatory shock from systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis, hypovolemia, cardiogenic shock secondary to right ventricular dysfunction, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolus or tension pneumothorax, and device-related complications that obstruct flow through the pump. Clinical examination is an important component of the initial evaluation. Assessment of LVAD flows/cardiac output can help to differentiate between vasodilatory and non-vasodilatory shock. The cause of non-vasodilatory shock can be further narrowed with the aid of pulmonary artery catheter placement, transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography, and chest radiography and guide specific treatments and interventions.
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Rosenkranz, Stephan. "Management of pulmonary hypertension: basic treatment". W ESC CardioMed, redaktor Marc Humbert, 2511–14. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0585.
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The management of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) comprises a complex strategy that includes targeted PAH therapies, but also basic treatment of the disease. This chapter focuses on the latter, which may be subdivided into general measures (physical activity/supervised rehabilitation, pregnancy, birth control/postmenopausal hormonal therapy, elective surgery, infection prevention, psychosocial support, genetic counselling, and travel), and supportive care (anticoagulation, diuretics, oxygen, cardiovascular drugs, iron deficiency, and rhythm control). These additional treatments are an integral part of patient management which help to improve morbidity and mortality in patients with PAH. Treatment decisions are based on the initial evaluation of severity and risk assessment, the presence of co-morbidities, the response to treatment, and the course of the disease.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Initial-response-evaluation"
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Ivensky, V., T. May, B. Scott i K. Banks. "347. HVAC System Evaluation-An Initial Response to Iaq Complaints". W AIHce 2002. AIHA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2766287.
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Jorgensen, Steven Jens, Michael W. Lanighan, Sylvain S. Bertrand, Andrew Watson, Joseph S. Altemus, R. Scott Askew, Lyndon Bridgwater i in. "Deploying the NASA Valkyrie Humanoid for IED Response: An Initial Approach and Evaluation Summary". W 2019 IEEE-RAS 19th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/humanoids43949.2019.9034993.
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Romero, V., J. Burkardt, M. Gunzburger, J. Peterson i T. Krishnamurthy. "Initial Application and Evaluation of a Promising New Sampling Method for Response Surface Generation: Centroidal Voronoi Tessellation". W 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-2008.
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Sarma, Dilip Kumar, Sharmila Roy, Niranjan Roul, Nagendra Yadav i Chandra Prakash Singhal. "Effect of Acid Type on Initial Response and Sustenance of Production in Acid Fracturing Treatment: A Field Treatment Evaluation". W SPE Oil and Gas India Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/127339-ms.
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Domnisoru, Leonard, Dumitru Dragomir i Alexandru Ioan. "Numerical Methods for Hull Structure Strength Analysis and Ships Service Life Evaluation, for a LPG Carrier". W ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57602.
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In this paper the authors focus on the ship hull structure strengths and fatigue analyses, in order to estimate the ship service life period at the initial design stage. The topic of the paper is divided in three-interlinked parts. The first part includes the method for the hull strength analysis, based on 3D/1D-FEM models, under equivalent quasi-static head wave loads. The second part presents the method for the ship hull dynamic response analysis, based on non-linear hydroelasticity theory with second order wave spectrum. The last part includes the fatigue analysis method for the initial ship hull structure, based on the long-term prediction ship dynamic response, the cumulative damage ratio and the design S-N material curves. The numerical analyses are carried out for a LPG carrier with independent cargo-tanks type A. Two significant load cases are considered: full and ballast. The numerical results outline the extreme wave loads and the ships initial service life evaluation.
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Clauss, Gu¨nther F., Marco Klein, Florian Sprenger i Daniel Testa. "Evaluation of Critical Conditions in Offshore Vessel Operation by Response Based Optimization Procedures". W ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-21071.
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During the design process of floating structures, different boundary conditions have to be taken into account. Besides the basic determination of the type of vessel, the range of application and the main dimensions at the initial stage, the reliability and the warranty of economical efficiency are an inevitable integral part of the design process. Model tests to evaluate the characteristics and the performance of the floating structure are an important milestone within this process. Therefore it is necessary to determine an adequate test procedure which covers all essential areas of interest. The focus lies on the limiting criteria of the design such as maximum global loads, maximum relative motions between two or more vessels or maximum accelerations, at which the floating structure has to operate or to survive. These criteria are typically combined with a limiting characteristic sea state (Hs, Tp) or a rogue wave. However, the important question remains: What is the worst case scenario for each design parameter — the highest rogue wave or a wave group of certain frequency? And which sea states have to be taken into account for the experimental evaluation of the limiting criteria? As an approach to these challenges, a response based wave generation tool for critical wave sequence detection is introduced. By means of this procedure, model tests can be conducted more efficiently. Besides the theoretical background of the response based wave generation tool, an exemplary practical application for a multi-body system is shown with maximum relative motions as the limiting criterion.
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Kyoung, Johyun, Sagar Samaria, Jeffrey O’Donnell i Sudhakar Tallavajhula. "Advances in Offshore Structural Analysis Using Response-Based Time-Domain Approach". W Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31280-ms.
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Abstract Demand for life extension assessments of floating offshore platforms continues to grow worldwide. Conventional structural analysis methods have limited ability to accurately capture non-linear environmental loading, non-linear loading by the mooring and riser systems, and resulting higher order hull responses. The uncertainties are typically managed by the factors of safety applied in the structural analysis. Time domain structural analyses have long promised to improve analysis accuracy and reduce these uncertainties. This paper describes a comprehensive and practical time domain structural analysis methodology applied to a deep-water semi-submersible-type floating platform including results for structural strength and fatigue. In addition, the time domain structural analysis was extended for use in fracture mechanics and the assessment of notional weld flaws to facilitate specification of impactful non-destructive examination (NDE). Present time domain structural analysis methodology employs a response-based finite element analysis (FEA) conducted in the time domain. All external environmental loads and inertial forces are converted to a response-based stress-time history. Previously, conventional time domain structural analysis involves massive computation resources to resolve solutions at every time interval. Present methodology significantly improves computational efficiency to be practical in real-world problems. The improvement is achieved by decomposing the structural response into a set of multiple load components selected on the bases of function for hull motion response and environmental loadings. Structural response in time domain is directly obtained by synthesizing the load components. An actual time domain structural response is captured effectively and efficiently to simulate the strength and fatigue criterion for the structure with consistent environmental loads and hull responses. Utilizing the level of detail provided by the time domain structural analysis methodology, a fracture mechanics evaluation of notional initial flaws (engineering criticality assessments – ECAs) can be conducted providing meaningful technical basis for in-service NDE and life extension assessments. The procedures for fatigue crack growth and fracture documented in BS 7910 were employed to derive the smallest initial flaws (critical initial flaws) that may result in structural failure during a facility's lifetime. A comparison indicates that conventional structural analysis methods provide conservative results for both structural strength and fatigue damage calculations resulting from the linear assumption of environmental loads and hull responses. Present time domain structural analysis methodology provides an innovative, cutting-edge approach providing accuracy and fewer uncertainties, which can be pragmatically used during a typical project.
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Xin, Liu, Hu Benxue, Wang Zhe, Wang Guodong, Wang Zhangli, Zhang Di i Yang Ping. "Development of 4S BEPU Method and Application in CAP1400 Containment Response Analysis". W 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66970.
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Compared with conservation evaluation model, best estimate plus uncertainty (BEPU) method can obtain more realistic results and gain larger license margins with respect to the safety criteria. In view of this, a BEPU method named 4S (SNERDI Statistical Solution for Safety) has been developed, according to the basic principles of evaluation model development and assessment of RG 1.203. The characteristics of 4S method are as follows: The output uncertainty is quantified by using random sampling and propagation of input uncertainties. Global sensitivity analysis is used to support PIRT establishment. Uncertainties of model parameters are calibrated and validated by using separate effects tests considering measuring uncertainties. DAKOTA code is used for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis. An automatic BEPU analysis platform has been developed by coupling DAKOTA and different reactor safety analysis codes, and code calculations can be performed in parallel. BEPU analysis of mass and energy release and containment pressure response of CAP1400 under a postulated double-ended cold leg break loss of coolant accident (DECL LOCA) has been carried out by coupling DAKOTA, a mass and energy release analysis code and a containment analysis code. In total, 21 uncertain input parameters are considered. To make the results more stable, the sample size is 124 and the third highest peak pressure is used as the pressure upper bound (with 95%/95% probability/confidence) based on Wilks’ formula. The calculated results show that the peak pressure upper bound is obviously lower than the present conservation method used in license application, with more than 10% analysis margin. Influences of input parameter uncertainties on the containment peak pressure have been analyzed, according to the partial rank correlation coefficients calculated by DAKOTA. The results show that the input parameters mainly affecting the peak pressure are the containment condensation heat transfer multiplier, initial containment temperature, break resistance, decay heat, initial containment pressure, Core Makeup Tank (CMT) resistance multiplier and initial containment humidity.
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Kerner, Laura, Selim Benfeddoul, Jean-Claude Dupla, Gwendal Cumunel, Jean Canou, Jean-Michel Pereira i Pierre Argoul. "Experimental Evaluation of the Natural Frequency of an Offshore Wind Turbine’s Scaled Model". W ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61423.
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Offshore Wind Turbines (OWT) are slender structures with sensitive dynamics, strongly influenced by the soil-structure interaction. The structure is subjected to cyclic and dynamic loads with frequencies close to the first natural frequency of the offshore wind turbine. To avoid any resonance phenomenon, a precise evaluation of the initial first natural frequency of the wind turbine is essential. The present work deals with the evaluation of the natural frequency of an OWT’s scaled model with monopile foundation. The main factor influencing the natural frequency is the soil-structure interaction which needs to be assessed precisely. To do so, a simple method presented by [Adhikari and Bhattacharya, 2012] assimilates the offshore wind turbine as an Euler-Bernoulli beam on a flexible foundation with lateral and rotational springs. The key factor in the evaluation of the natural frequency is the value of the stiffness of these springs. In this way, this paper presents a method combining experimental measurements and a finite element model on Abaqus which allows a precise evaluation of the stiffness of the springs. The proposed method is compared to the existing methods used to evaluate the soil’s stiffness (such as [Eurocode 8, 2003]). The suggested method gives a fine evaluation of the response of the structure with a mean deviation below 1%, compared to the average errors obtained for the previous methods ranging from 6.6 to 17.4%.
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Pesch, Alexander H., i Diana V. Hess. "Experimental Evaluation of Wind Tunnel Test Apparatus for Active Flow Control". W ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5462.
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Abstract Active control of flow dynamics is an ever-increasing field of study. This paper presents details on a new experimental apparatus for the testing of dynamic fluid-structure interaction and the control thereof. Specifically, the experimental apparatus involves an open return wind tunnel with an actuated rigid airfoil. The airfoil is replaceable, but this initial evaluation uses a flat plate as a basic geometry airfoil. The pitch of the airfoil is actively controlled in real-time via an angle sensor, microcontroller, and brushed DC electric motor. For a given PID controller, sine sweeps are performed to identify the closed-loop frequency response at varying wind speeds. The wind creates a destabilizing feedback torque on the airfoil which increases with wind speed and results in a change in the closed-loop frequency response. A model of the system is augmented with a mathematical model for the wind dynamics. The assumed form wind model is manually tuned to match the closed-loop frequency response for all wind speeds. Finally, steady-state tests are conducted in which the setpoint for angle of attack is incrementally changed and the frequency spectrum is found for the angle sensor, in the control loop, and a hotwire behind the airfoil which is not in the control loop. The results from the angle sensor show the system holds steady, with slight variation at low frequencies for high angles of attack. The results from the hotwire show a distinct sheading frequency at low angles of attack, which is replaced by chaotic low frequency flow at high angles of attack characteristic of flow separation.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Initial-response-evaluation"
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Naim, Michael, Andrew Spielman, Shlomo Nir i Ann Noble. Bitter Taste Transduction: Cellular Pathways, Inhibition and Implications for Human Acceptance of Agricultural Food Products. United States Department of Agriculture, luty 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695839.bard.
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Historically, the aversive response of humans and other mammals to bitter-taste substances has been useful for survival, since many toxic constituents taste bitter. Today, the range of foods available is more diverse. Many bitter foods are not only safe for consumption but contain bitter constituents that provide nutritional benefits. Despite this, these foods are often eliminated from our current diets because of their unacceptable bitterness. Extensive technology has been developed to remove or mask bitterness in foods, but a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of bitterness perception at the taste receptor level has prevented the development of inhibitors or efficient methods for reducing bitterness. In our original application we proposed to: (a) investigate the time course and effect of selected bitter tastants relevant to agricultural products on the formation of intracellular signal molecules (cAMP, IP3, Ca2+) in intact taste cells, in model cells and in membranes derived therefrom; (b) study the effect of specific bitter taste inhibitors on messenger formation and identify G-proteins that may be involved in tastant-induced bitter sensation; (c) investigate interactions and self-aggregation of bitter tastants within membranes; (d) study human sensory responses over time to these bitter-taste stimuli and inhibitors in order to validate the biochemical data. Quench-flow module (QFM) and fast pipetting system (FPS) allowed us to monitor fast release of the aforementioned signal molecules (cGMP, as a putative initial signal was substituted for Ca2+ ions) - using taste membranes and intact taste cells in a time range below 500 ms (real time of taste sensation) - in response to bitter-taste stimulation. Limonin (citrus) and catechin (wine) were found to reduce cellular cAMP and increase IP3 contents. Naringin (citrus) stimulated an IP3 increase whereas the cheese-derived bitter peptide cyclo(leu-Trp) reduced IP3 but significantly increased cAMP levels. Thus, specific transduction pathways were identified, the results support the notion of multiple transduction pathways for bitter taste and cross-talk between a few of those transduction pathways. Furthermore, amphipathic tastants permeate rapidly (within seconds) into liposomes and taste cells suggesting their availability for direct activation of signal transduction components by means of receptor-independent mechanisms within the time course of taste sensation. The activation of pigment movement and transduction pathways in frog melanophores by these tastants supports such mechanisms. Some bitter tastants, due to their amphipathic properties, permeated (or interacted with) into a bitter tastant inhibitor (specific phospholipid mixture) which apparently forms micelles. Thus, a mechanism via which this bitter taste inhibitor acts is proposed. Human sensory evaluation experiments humans performed according to their 6-n-propyl thiouracil (PROP) status (non-tasters, tasters, super-tasters), indicated differential perception of bitterness threshold and intensity of these bitter compounds by different individuals independent of PROP status. This suggests that natural products containing bitter compounds (e.g., naringin and limonin in citrus), are perceived very differently, and are in line with multiple transduction pathways suggested in the biochemical experiments. This project provides the first comprehensive effort to explore the molecular basis of bitter taste at the taste-cell level induced by economically important and agriculturally relevant food products. The findings, proposing a mechanism for bitter-taste inhibition by a bitter taste inhibitor (made up of food components) pave the way for the development of new, and perhaps more potent bitter-taste inhibitors which may eventually become economically relevant.
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Stakes, Keith, i Joseph Willi. Study of the Fire Service Training Environment: Safety, Fidelity, and Exposure -- Acquired Structures. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, marzec 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/ceci9490.
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Previous FSRI led research projects have focused on examining the fire environment with regards to current building construction methods, synthetic fuel loading, and best-practices in firefighting strategies and tactics. More than 50 experiments have been previously conducted utilizing furniture to produce vent-limited fire conditions, replicating the residential fire environment, and studying the methods of horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack. Tactical considerations generated from the research are intended to provide fire departments with information to evaluate their standard operating procedures and make improvements, if necessary, to increase the safety and effectiveness of firefighting crews. Unfortunately, there still exists a long standing disconnect between live-fire training and the fireground as evident by continued line of duty injury and death investigations that point directly to a lack of realistic yet safe training, which highlights a continued misunderstanding of fire dynamics within structures. The main objective of the Study of the Fire Service Training Environment: Safety, Fidelity, and Exposure is to evaluate training methods and fuel packages in several different structures commonly used across the fire service to provide and highlight considerations to increase both safety and fidelity. This report is focused on the evaluation of live-fire training in acquired structures. A full scale structure was constructed using a similar floor plan as in the research projects for horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack to provide a comparison between the modern fire environment and the training ground. The structure was instrumented which allowed for the quantification of fire behavior, the impact of various ventilation tactics, and provided the ability to directly compare these experiments with the previous research. Twelve full scale fire experiments were conducted within the test structure using two common training fuel packages: 1) pallets, and 2) pallets and oriented strand board (OSB). To compare the training fuels to modern furnishings, the experiments conducted were designed to replicate both fire and ventilation location as well as event timing to the previous research. Horizontal ventilation, vertical ventilation, and positive pressure attack methods were tested, examining the proximity of the vent location to the fire (near vs. far). Each ventilation configuration in this series was tested twice with one of the two training fuel loads. The quantification of the differences between modern furnishings and wood-based training fuel loads and the impact of different ventilation tactics is documented through a detailed comparison to the tactical fireground considerations from the previous research studies. The experiments were compared to identify how the type of fuel used in acquired structures impacts the safety and fidelity of live-fire training. The comparisons in this report characterized initial fire growth, the propensity for the fire to become ventilation limited, the fires response to ventilation, and peak thermal exposure to students and instructors. Comparisons examined components of both functional and physical fidelity. Video footage was used to assess the visual cues, a component of the fire environment that is often difficult to replicate in training due to fuel load restrictions. The thermal environment within the structure was compared between fuel packages with regards to the potential tenability for both students and instructors.
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Tsidylo, Ivan M., Serhiy O. Semerikov, Tetiana I. Gargula, Hanna V. Solonetska, Yaroslav P. Zamora i Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Simulation of intellectual system for evaluation of multilevel test tasks on the basis of fuzzy logic. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4370.
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The article describes the stages of modeling an intelligent system for evaluating multilevel test tasks based on fuzzy logic in the MATLAB application package, namely the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. The analysis of existing approaches to fuzzy assessment of test methods, their advantages and disadvantages is given. The considered methods for assessing students are presented in the general case by two methods: using fuzzy sets and corresponding membership functions; fuzzy estimation method and generalized fuzzy estimation method. In the present work, the Sugeno production model is used as the closest to the natural language. This closeness allows for closer interaction with a subject area expert and build well-understood, easily interpreted inference systems. The structure of a fuzzy system, functions and mechanisms of model building are described. The system is presented in the form of a block diagram of fuzzy logical nodes and consists of four input variables, corresponding to the levels of knowledge assimilation and one initial one. The surface of the response of a fuzzy system reflects the dependence of the final grade on the level of difficulty of the task and the degree of correctness of the task. The structure and functions of the fuzzy system are indicated. The modeled in this way intelligent system for assessing multilevel test tasks based on fuzzy logic makes it possible to take into account the fuzzy characteristics of the test: the level of difficulty of the task, which can be assessed as “easy”, “average", “above average”, “difficult”; the degree of correctness of the task, which can be assessed as “correct”, “partially correct”, “rather correct”, “incorrect”; time allotted for the execution of a test task or test, which can be assessed as “short”, “medium”, “long”, “very long”; the percentage of correctly completed tasks, which can be assessed as “small”, “medium”, “large”, “very large”; the final mark for the test, which can be assessed as “poor”, “satisfactory”, “good”, “excellent”, which are included in the assessment. This approach ensures the maximum consideration of answers to questions of all levels of complexity by formulating a base of inference rules and selection of weighting coefficients when deriving the final estimate. The robustness of the system is achieved by using Gaussian membership functions. The testing of the controller on the test sample brings the functional suitability of the developed model.
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Saville, Alan, i Caroline Wickham-Jones, red. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, czerwiec 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.