Artykuły w czasopismach: „Inhibition”

1

Gao, Xiang, Yuandan Zhang, Zhe Li, Xinmin Wang i Yingna Du. "Study on synthesis and properties of polyacrylate wax inhibitor". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2723, nr 1 (1.03.2024): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2723/1/012013.

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Abstract Synthesis and properties of polyacrylate ester paraffin inhibitior based on polyacrylate ester start from dodecanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol respectively were introduced in this paper. Hexadecyl polyacrylic showed the most potent paraffin inhibition, and then the optimum reaction condition of it was ascertained. The percentage inhibition of hexadecyl polyacrylic, synthesized under the optimized conditions, reached to 79.3%. Then crosslinked polyacrylate ester paraffin inhibitiors were synthesized and screened by static wax precipitation experiment, and find the percentage inhibition of crosslinked hexadecyl polyacrylic reached to 88.4%.

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Ocheretniuk, Alla, Oleksandr Kobzar, Iryna Mischenko i Andriy Vovk. "N-Phenacylthiazolium Salts as Inhibitors of Cholinesterases". French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry 5, nr 2 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/fujcv5i2p1-14.

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Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase is considered as a promising approach for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we demonstrated that 5-substituted N-phenacylthiazolium derivatives are capable of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities with IC50 values in the micromolar range. Some of the new thiazolium-based inhibitiors showed more than 10-fold selectivity for butyrylcholinesterase. Kinetic experiments and molecular docking were performed for understanding the inhibition mechanisms.

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Wang, Hong Mei, Ke Long Huang i Zhi Ping Zhu. "Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel by Benzotriazoliumionic Liquid in Hydrochloric Acid". Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (maj 2011): 1409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1409.

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The inhibiting behavior of 1-ethyl-3-butylbenzotriazolium ionic liquids，[C2Bt][Br] ,on mild steel corrosion in 5 wt.% HCl as corroding solution was investigated using weight loss，potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance measurements. The obtained results indicated that [C2Bt][Br] is a good inhibitor for the mild steel in 5 wt.% HCl solution. The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase of inhibitive concentration. Potentiodynamic polarization data indicated that the [C2Bt][Br] acted essentially as a mixed-type inhibitor. The electrochemical impedance study showed that corrosion inhibition took place by adsorption.

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Weber, T. R., M. A. Stranick i M. S. Vukasovich. "Molybdate Corrosion Inhibition in Deaerated and Low-Oxygen Waters". Corrosion 42, nr 9 (1.09.1986): 542–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3583065.

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Abstract The inhibiting effect of sodium molybdate on mild steel corrosion in deaerated and low-oxygen concentration waters at pH 9.0 and 60 C was investigated using weight loss and electrochemical test methods. Molybdate was inhibitive at a water oxygen concentration between 1 and 2.5 mg/L. In combinations with sodium nitrite, molybdate exhibited synergistic inhibition at 1 mg/L oxygen. An explanation of the observed synergism is discussed based on the electrochemical study.

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Abdulwahab, M., A. Kasim, Bello Kamilu Bello i J. O. Gaminana. "Corrosion Inhibition of Multi-Component Aluminium Alloy in Hydrochloric Acid Solution by Aqueuos Extracts of Bitter Leaf (Verninia amygdalina) Powder". Advanced Materials Research 367 (październik 2011): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.319.

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The corrosion inhibition of an aqueous extract of bitter leaf on aluminium alloy in 0.5M hydrochloric acid solution at various temperatures and concentrations has been studied using weight loss measurement method. The influences of concentration, temperature and immersion period on the inhibition efficiency of the inhibitor system were investigated. It was found that the corrosion rate was significantly reduced in the presence of the natural inhibitor at all concentrations considered. The result also revealed the good inhibiting action of bitter leaf extract at optimum experimental conditions; acting as anodic type. The inhibitive action was satisfactorily explained by both thermodynamic and kinetic models.

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Klomjit, Pitichon, i Rudolph G. Buchheit. "Cooperative and synergistic corrosion inhibition of AA 7075-T6 by praseodymium and CaSO4". Corrosion Reviews 38, nr 4 (27.08.2020): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2020-0032.

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AbstractIn a primer coating system used in aerospace applications to protect aluminum alloy substrate, praseodymium is added as corrosion inhibitors while CaSO4 is primarily added as filler materials. The interaction of Pr and CaSO4 is unknown. The goal of this study is to characterize any cooperative or synergistic inhibition between these two. Cooperative inhibition can be defined when one inhibitor enhances inhibiting effect of the other that already has inhibiting ability. Synergistic inhibition can be defined when one inhibitor activates the inhibiting effect of the other that originally does not inhibit. Optical profilometry, electrochemical techniques and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize corrosion results. The results showed that several pit parameters will affirm the inhibition effect. Electrochemical results cannot always detect modest corrosion inhibitors. Cooperative inhibition was detected in pH 5 while synergistic inhibition was observed in pH 8. Synergistic inhibition occurs because SO42− helps with gelation of Pr to passivate the surface.

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7

Yang, Yiting, Zexin Zhang, Ping Li, Weimin Kong, Xiaodong Liu i Li Liu. "A Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model Characterizing Interplay of OCTs and MATEs in Intestine, Liver and Kidney to Predict Drug-Drug Interactions of Metformin with Perpetrators". Pharmaceutics 13, nr 5 (11.05.2021): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050698.

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Transmembrane transport of metformin is highly controlled by transporters including organic cation transporters (OCTs), plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), and multidrug/toxin extrusions (MATEs). Hepatic OCT1, intestinal OCT3, renal OCT2 on tubule basolateral membrane, and MATE1/2-K on tubule apical membrane coordinately work to control metformin disposition. Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) of metformin occur when co-administrated with perpetrators via inhibiting OCTs or MATEs. We aimed to develop a whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model characterizing interplay of OCTs and MATEs in the intestine, liver, and kidney to predict metformin DDIs with cimetidine, pyrimethamine, trimethoprim, ondansetron, rabeprazole, and verapamil. Simulations showed that co-administration of perpetrators increased plasma exposures to metformin, which were consistent with clinic observations. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that contributions of the tested factors to metformin DDI with cimetidine are gastrointestinal transit rate > inhibition of renal OCT2 ≈ inhibition of renal MATEs > inhibition of intestinal OCT3 > intestinal pH > inhibition of hepatic OCT1. Individual contributions of transporters to metformin disposition are renal OCT2 ≈ renal MATEs > intestinal OCT3 > hepatic OCT1 > intestinal PMAT. In conclusion, DDIs of metformin with perpetrators are attributed to integrated effects of inhibitions of these transporters.

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8

Muharammy, Fairuza, Rizanda Machmud i Surya Nelis. "Perbedaan Daya Hambat Obat Anestesi Lokal Lidocaine 2% dan Articaine 4% Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Porphyromonas Gingivalis Secara In Vitro". Andalas Dental Journal 4, nr 2 (1.12.2016): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/adj.v4i2.159.

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative anaerobic bacteria which is an oral normal microflora located in subgingival area.This bacteria can cause inflamation and delayed wound healing after dental invasive procedures. Lidocaine 2% and articaine 4% are the most used anaesthetic agents in dentistry. Both of these agents have been studied for having antibacterial effect in certain concentrations. This will open the possibility of using local anaesthetic agents as antibacterial agent in dental invasive procedures to prevent infection after procedures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference inhibition of local anaesthetics drug lidocaine 2% and articaine 4% on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro. The study subject was pure culture of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 divided by two group, one group with lidocaine 2% and other with articaine 4%. This study was experimental laboratory with post test only control group design. The mean of inhibitions were obtained by measuring inhibition zone formed around paper discs with caliper in milimeter scale. The result showed Inhibition rate lidocaine 2% had greater rate than articaine 4% in inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro.The conclusion was lidocaine 2% was more effective than articaine 4% in inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro.

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Muharammy, Fairuza, Rizanda Machmud i Surya Nelis. "Perbedaan Daya Hambat Obat Anestesi Lokal Lidocaine 2% dan Articaine 4% Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Porphyromonas Gingivalis Secara In Vitro". Andalas Dental Journal 7, nr 2 (1.12.2019): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/adj.v7i2.159.

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative anaerobic bacteria which is an oral normal microflora located in subgingival area.This bacteria can cause inflamation and delayed wound healing after dental invasive procedures. Lidocaine 2% and articaine 4% are the most used anaesthetic agents in dentistry. Both of these agents have been studied for having antibacterial effect in certain concentrations. This will open the possibility of using local anaesthetic agents as antibacterial agent in dental invasive procedures to prevent infection after procedures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference inhibition of local anaesthetics drug lidocaine 2% and articaine 4% on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro. The study subject was pure culture of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 divided by two group, one group with lidocaine 2% and other with articaine 4%. This study was experimental laboratory with post test only control group design. The mean of inhibitions were obtained by measuring inhibition zone formed around paper discs with caliper in milimeter scale. The result showed Inhibition rate lidocaine 2% had greater rate than articaine 4% in inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro.The conclusion was lidocaine 2% was more effective than articaine 4% in inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro.

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10

Odes-Barth, Shlomit, Marina Khanin, Karin Linnewiel-Hermoni, Yifat Miller, Karina Abramov, Joseph Levy i Yoav Sharoni. "Inhibition of Osteoclast Differentiation by Carotenoid Derivatives through Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway". Antioxidants 9, nr 11 (23.11.2020): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111167.

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The bone protective effects of carotenoids have been demonstrated in several studies, and the inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by lycopene has also been demonstrated. We previously reported that carotenoid oxidation products are the active mediators in the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 and the inhibition of the NF-κB transcription system by carotenoids. Here, we demonstrate that lycopene oxidation products are more potent than intact lycopene in inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. We analyzed the structure–activity relationship of a series of dialdehyde carotenoid derivatives (diapocarotene-dials) in inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. We found that the degree of inhibition depends on the electron density of the carbon atom that determines the reactivity of the conjugated double bond in reactions such as Michael addition to thiol groups in proteins. Moreover, the carotenoid derivatives attenuated the NF-κB signal through inhibition of IκB phosphorylation and NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. In addition, we show a synergistic inhibition of osteoclast differentiation by combinations of an active carotenoid derivative with the polyphenols curcumin and carnosic acid with combination index (CI) values < 1. Our findings suggest that carotenoid derivatives inhibit osteoclast differentiation, partially by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. In addition, carotenoid derivatives can synergistically inhibit osteoclast differentiation with curcumin and carnosic acid.

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11

Mitchell, Ulrike H., J. William Myrer, J. Ty Hopkins, Iain Hunter, J. Brent Feland, Sterling C. Hilton i James D. George. "Reciprocal Inhibition, Successive Inhibition, Autogenic Inhibition, or Stretch Perception Alteration". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (maj 2006): S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-01170.

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Peeples, Eric S., Karoly Mirnics i Zeljka Korade. "Chemical Inhibition of Sterol Biosynthesis". Biomolecules 14, nr 4 (28.03.2024): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14040410.

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Cholesterol is an essential molecule of life, and its synthesis can be inhibited by both genetic and nongenetic mechanisms. Hundreds of chemicals that we are exposed to in our daily lives can alter sterol biosynthesis. These also encompass various classes of FDA-approved medications, including (but not limited to) commonly used antipsychotic, antidepressant, antifungal, and cardiovascular medications. These medications can interfere with various enzymes of the post-lanosterol biosynthetic pathway, giving rise to complex biochemical changes throughout the body. The consequences of these short- and long-term homeostatic disruptions are mostly unknown. We performed a comprehensive review of the literature and built a catalogue of chemical agents capable of inhibiting post-lanosterol biosynthesis. This process identified significant gaps in existing knowledge, which fall into two main areas: mechanisms by which sterol biosynthesis is altered and consequences that arise from the inhibitions of the different steps in the sterol biosynthesis pathway. The outcome of our review also reinforced that sterol inhibition is an often-overlooked mechanism that can result in adverse consequences and that there is a need to develop new safety guidelines for the use of (novel and already approved) medications with sterol biosynthesis inhibiting side effects, especially during pregnancy.

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13

Huang, Shiying, Jie-Ling Pan, Sekar Karthik, YuChen Du, Qi Lin, Ching C. Lau, Adesina Adekunle i in. "MEDB-08. Inhibition of different mitotic targets demonstrated distinct DNA damage and cell death response in p53-mutant medulloblastoma". Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (1.06.2022): i105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.383.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: In normal cells, cell cycle is tightly regulated by mitotic proteins to ensure smooth transition through each phase of cell division. Here, we examine two proteins – KIF11, a mitotic kinesin, responsible for assembly and maintenance of mitotic spindle during mitosis; and MELK, a serine/threonine kinase, essential for mitotic progression. Cancer cells can upregulate MELK and KIF11 to promote uncontrolled cell division and protect the cells from apoptotic cell death, leading to tumorigenesis. AIMS: We investigated the response of p53-mutant medulloblastoma (MB) by inhibiting KIF11 and MELK separately to study the effects on cell cycle progression and cell death mechanisms. RESULTS: Cell proliferation was suppressed by inhibition of either KIF11 or MELK in MB, independent of p53-mutant status. Regardless of p53-mutant status, inhibiting KIF11 induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M. In contrast, inhibiting MELK (IC50 dose) induced more prominent G2/M arrest in p53-mutant cells compared to p53-wildtype cells. In p53-mutant MB, arrested cells during MELK inhibition subsequently underwent apoptotic cell death at 24h and 48h. With KIF11 inhibition, p53-mutant cells at 24h were already in necrotic stage. p53-mutant cells reached necrotic stage in a shorter time with KIF11 inhibition than MELK inhibition. On immunoblotting, independent of p53-mutant status, KIF11 inhibition produces more significant increase in DNA damage marker and c-PARP indicative of apoptosis, compared to MELK inhibition. Treatment with KIF11 or MELK inhibitor increased p53 protein expression in p53-wildtype (normal stress response). However, in p53-mutant cells, p53 protein expression decreased post-KIF11-inhibition, but remained unchanged post-MELK inhibition. In-vivo, inhibiting KIF11 was less tolerable in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft model with p53-mutation. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of either mitotic target KIF11 or MELK, can induce anti-proliferative effects in MB. In p53-mutant MB, DNA damage and cell death response with KIF11-inhibition are more marked.

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14

Kalanthroff, Eyal, Omer Linkovski, Avishai Henik, Michael G. Wheaton i Gideon E. Anholt. "Inhibiting uncertainty: Priming inhibition promotes reduction of uncertainty". Neuropsychologia 92 (listopad 2016): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.11.020.

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McDonough, Michael A., Luke A. McNeill, Melanie Tilliet, Cyril A. Papamicaël, Qiu-Yun Chen, Biswadip Banerji, Kirsty S. Hewitson i Christopher J. Schofield. "Selective Inhibition of Factor Inhibiting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor". Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, nr 21 (czerwiec 2005): 7680–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja050841b.

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Ishikawa, Shinsuke, Shigeo Manabe i Osamu Wada. "Miconazole inhibition of platelet aggregation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase". Biochemical Pharmacology 35, nr 11 (czerwiec 1986): 1787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(86)90293-5.

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Muharammy, Fairuza, Rizanda Machmud i Surya Nelis. "PERBEDAAN DAYA HAMBAT OBAT ANESTESI LOKAL LIDOCAINE 2% DAN ARTICAINE 4% TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Porphyromonas gingivalis SECARA IN VITRO". Andalas Dental Journal 4, nr 2 (3.12.2016): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/adj.v4i2.58.

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative anaerobic bacteria which is an oral normal microflora located in subgingival area.This bacteria can cause inflamation and delayed wound healing after dental invasive procedures. Lidocaine 2% and articaine 4% are the most used anaesthetic agents in dentistry. Both of these agents have been studied for having antibacterial effect in certain concentrations. This will open the possibility of using local anaesthetic agents as antibacterial agent in dental invasive procedures to prevent infection after procedures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference inhibition of local anaesthetics drug lidocaine 2% and articaine 4% on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro. The study subject was pure culture of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 divided by two group, one group with lidocaine 2% and other with articaine 4%. This study was experimental laboratory with post test only control group design. The mean of inhibitions were obtained by measuring inhibition zone formed around paper discs with caliper in milimeter scale. The result showed Inhibition rate lidocaine 2% had greater rate than articaine 4% in inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro.The conclusion was lidocaine 2% was more effective than articaine 4% in inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro. Keywords: Antibacteria, Local anaesthetic, Lidocaine 2%, Articaine 4%, Porphyromonas gingivalis

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Morgan, K., R. C. Brown, G. Spurlock i M. A. Mir. "Specific Inhibition of Erythrocyte Sodium/Sodium Exchange by Inhibitin". Clinical Science 70, s13 (1.01.1986): 23P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs070023pa.

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Connine, Cynthia M., i Paul C. LoCasto. "Inhibition". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, nr 3 (czerwiec 2000): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00253247.

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We consider the motivation for the principle of bottom-up priority and its consequence for information flow in Merge. The relationship between the bottom-up priority rule and inhibitory effects is also discussed, along with data that demonstrate inhibitory influences in phoneme monitoring.

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20

Carton, Solange. "Inhibition*". International Journal of Psychoanalysis 105, nr 1 (2.01.2024): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207578.2023.2270020.

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DURLACH, P. "Inhibition of delay and conditioned inhibition". Behavioural Brain Research 26, nr 2-3 (listopad 1987): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(87)90185-9.

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Yassin, Shrook Gany. "Evaluation of the Efficacy of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Against the Growth of Candida albicans Isolated from Different Clinical Samples". European Journal of Medical and Health Research 2, nr 4 (1.07.2024): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejmhr.2024.2(4).19.

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This experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the Husseini Teaching Hospital in Karbala for the year 2020-2021 with the aim of studying the effect of the active compounds in the aqueous and alcoholic extract of cinnamon in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans yeast. By GC-MS technique and also a qualitative detection of some active compounds in cinnamon bark, the results showed that cinnamon contains glycosides, tannins, resins, saponins and phenols. The aqueous and alcoholic extract showed a difference in the diameters of inhibition, where the highest inhibiting diameter reached (50 mg/ml) 32 mm and the lowest inhibition diameter was 25 mm, while the concentration (25 mg/ml) reached the highest inhibition diameter of 30 mm and the lowest inhibition diameter of 22 mm and concentration (12.5 mg). /ml) the highest inhibition diameter reached 28 mm and the lowest inhibition diameter was 17 mm, while the concentration (6.25 mg/ml) reached the highest inhibition diameter 25 mm, and the minimum damping diameter is 12 mm.

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Umoren, S. A., Z. M. Gasem i I. B. Obot. "Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) leaf extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1M hydrochloric acid solution". Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 62, nr 1 (5.01.2015): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-10-2013-1302.

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Purpose – The purpose of the paper was to investigate the use of aqueous extract of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) leaf as a green inhibitor for corrosion of carbon steel in 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution. Design/methodology/approach – Extracts from the date palm were used as the main component of an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for use in HCl pickling processes. Inhibition behavior on carbon steel in HCl was investigated using weight loss measurements, linear and potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Findings – The results show that the extract exhibited good inhibition performance in 1M HCl. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the concentration of the inhibitor but decreased with increase in temperature. Inhibition efficiency also was found to increase as immersion time increased. The inhibitive action was due to adsorption of the date palm leaf components on the steel, which was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm. Practical implications – Date palm leaf extract (DPLE) is an effective inhibitor at room temperature and can be used to protect plain carbon steel from corrosion in HCl solution. Originality/value – This study provides new information on the inhibiting characteristics of DPLE under specified conditions. The environmentally friendly inhibitor could find possible applications in metal surface anodizing and acid pickling processes.

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Putri, A. S., S. Egra, Amarullah, Mardhiana, D. Santoso, M. Adiwena, A. Murtilaksono i in. "Antimicrobial activity of plant from educational forest in Universitas Borneo Tarakan". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1282, nr 1 (1.12.2023): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1282/1/012038.

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Abstract Universitas Borneo Tarakan Educational Forest has a mega biodiversity. There is the potential of plants as raw materials for new medicines or as substitutes for food reserves domesticated. This study aims to identify and explore plant species by screening for antibacterial activity of 25 selected plant species found in the Educational Forest of the Universitas Borneo Tarakan. In this investigation, the agar well method was implemented with a concentration of 5 mg/ml, to determine the antimicrobial activity against five distinct microorganisms. These microorganisms included Streptococcus sobrinus, S. mutans, Candida albicans, Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi. This study resulted in the finding that there were five plants capable of inhibiting the growth of S. sobrinus bacteria, namely, Cytandra sp., Cratoxylum sumatranum, Garcinia sp., Fissistigma sp., and Cyclosorus interruptus, with respective inhibitions of 62%, 54.2%, 49%, 46%, and 45%. Inhibition also occurred in P. acne, namely in Cratoxylum sumatranum, with an inhibition of 46.5%. Cytandra sp. has the strongest inhibition because it can inhibit three bacteria, namely S. aureus, S. sobrinus, and S. thypi, at 71%, 62%, and 50%, respectively. This research needs to be carried out further to identify compounds that play a role in the inhibition mechanism to obtain plant species that play a direct role in disease and can be domesticated.

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Krämer, Ulrike M., Robert T. Knight i Thomas F. Münte. "Electrophysiological Evidence for Different Inhibitory Mechanisms When Stopping or Changing a Planned Response". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, nr 9 (wrzesień 2011): 2481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21573.

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People are able to adapt their behavior to changing environmental contingencies by rapidly inhibiting or modifying their actions. Response inhibition is often studied in the stop-signal paradigm that requires the suppression of an already prepared motor response. Less is known about situations calling for a change of motor plans such that the prepared response has to be withheld but another has to be executed instead. In the present study, we investigated whether electrophysiological data can provide evidence for distinct inhibitory mechanisms when stopping or changing a response. Participants were instructed to perform in a choice RT task with two classes of embedded critical trials: Stop signals called for the inhibition of any response, whereas change signals required participants to inhibit the prepared response and execute another one instead. Under both conditions, we observed differences in go-stimulus processing, suggesting a faster response preparation in failed compared with successful inhibitions. In contrast to stop-signal trials, changing a response did not elicit the inhibition-related frontal N2 and did not modulate the parietal mu power decrease. The results suggest that compared with changing a response, additional frontal and parietal regions are engaged when having to inhibit a response.

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Gradwohl, G., i Y. Grossman. "Statistical Computer Model Analysis of the Reciprocal and Recurrent Inhibitions of the Ia-EPSP in α-Motoneurons". Neural Computation 25, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00375.

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We simulate the inhibition of Ia-glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) by preceding it with glycinergic recurrent (REN) and reciprocal (REC) inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). The inhibition is evaluated in the presence of voltage-dependent conductances of sodium, delayed rectifier potassium, and slow potassium in five [Formula: see text]-motoneurons (MNs). We distribute the channels along the neuronal dendrites using, alternatively, a density function of exponential rise (ER), exponential decay (ED), or a step function (ST). We examine the change in EPSP amplitude, the rate of rise (RR), and the time integral (TI) due to inhibition. The results yield six major conclusions. First, the EPSP peak and the kinetics depending on the time interval are either amplified or depressed by the REC and REN shunting inhibitions. Second, the mean EPSP peak, its TI, and RR inhibition of ST, ER, and ED distributions turn out to be similar for analogous ranges of G. Third, for identical G, the large variations in the parameters’ values can be attributed to the sodium conductance step ([Formula: see text]) and the active dendritic area. We find that small [Formula: see text] on a few dendrites maintains the EPSP peak, its TI, and RR inhibition similar to the passive state, but high [Formula: see text] on many dendrites decrease the inhibition and sometimes generates even an excitatory effect. Fourth, the MN's input resistance does not alter the efficacy of EPSP inhibition. Fifth, the REC and REN inhibitions slightly change the EPSP peak and its RR. However, EPSP TI is depressed by the REN inhibition more than the REC inhibition. Finally, only an inhibitory effect shows up during the EPSP TI inhibition, while there are both inhibitory and excitatory impacts on the EPSP peak and its RR.

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Ramana, P. "Fungitoxic evaluation of Holigarna arnottiana extracts against pathogenic fungi". Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 13, nr 3 (1.09.2006): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2006-g8trrw.

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The in vitro antifungal activity of petroleum ether, butanol, methanol and distilled water extracts of Holigarna arnottiana against Elsione fawcettii and Pyricularia sp. has been carried out. All the four plant extracts are effective in inhibiting the growth of E. fawcettii, while they are ineffective in inhibiting the growth of Pyricularia sp. The petroleum ether and methanol extracts are found to be very effective in inhibiting the growth of E. fawcettii, with petroleum ether extract exhibiting highest growth inhibition. The butanol extract showed moderate growth inhibition, while distilled water extract exhibited weak growth inhibition against E. fawcettii. The butanol extract exhibited weak stimulatory effect on Pyricularia sp.

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SHUAIB-BABATA, Yusuf Lanre, Hassan Kobe IBRAHIM, Yusuf Olarenwaju BUSARI, Rasheedat Modupe MAHAMOOD, Sikiru Ottan ABDULRAMAN, Ibrahim Owolabi AMBALI, Babatunde Lawal ABDULQADIR, Ishaaq Na’allah AREMU, Kabiru Sulaiman AJAO i Samuel Omojola EJIKO. "Modelling of Corrosion Inhibition of Cucumber Plant Extracts on AISI 1007 Steel in Seawater". Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 45, nr 1 (15.03.2022): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2022.1.03.

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Adsorption Models with the application of corrosion experimental data is a very popular mechanism to predict various inhibitive systems. The effective modelling and interpretation of adsorption isotherms reliably determine the level of accuracy of adsorption processes. This study aims to apply the adsorption models and inhibitive mechanism of Cucumber Peel Extract (CPE) and Cucumber Seed Oil (CSO) to corrosion of AISI 1007 steel grade in the saline medium using both the electrochemical (Tafel Polarisation) and non-electrochemical (Weight Loss) techniques. The chemical composition of AISI 1007 and the phytochemical properties of studied extracts were determined. Consideration was given to Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich Isotherm models (D-RIM) to study the inhibitive properties of CPE and CSO on AISI 1007 steel in an aggressive medium. The result of inhibition efficiency from weight loss measurement showed maximum inhibitions of 94.44 % and 95.44 % with 1.0 g/L concentration of CPE and CSO respectively in sea water medium. The result of the studied extract at 25 ℃ in seawater showed that the corrosion current density of AISI 1007 steel decreased and increased in the inhibition efficiency with 87.33% and 94.67% for CPE and CSO respectively. The negative value of ΔGads was greater than 20 kJ/mol and was obtained as a result of electrostatic interaction between the adsorbed inhibitor molecules and the ions/atoms on the metal surface. The studied inhibitors were confirmed to be mixed organic corrosion inhibitors type. The values of E and maximum surface coverage (θmax) for the two measurements are satisfactorily in acceptable agreement as similar to the range of value obtained for inhibition efficiency.

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Patil, Aarti, i Sadat Quazi. "Antifungal Activity of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. Oil against Four Phytopathogenic Fungi". Plantae Scientia 2, nr 3 (15.09.2019): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v2i3.42-44.

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The present study was undertaken to evaluate in-vitro antifungal activity of Semecarpus anacardium Linn. oil against four fungal pathogens, viz. Curvularia penniseti, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and Helminthosporium maydis using poisoned food technique. The DMSO extract of S.anacardium oil was found to be more or less active against almost all tested pathogenic fungi with a varied spectrum of reduced growth. C.lunata has shown 93.3% inhibition and F.oxysporum and H.maydis have shown 94.4% inhibition and 100% mycelial inhibitions at 15% and 18% concentrations of the extract respectively. Whereas, C.penniseti was found to be quite sensitive that showed 88.9 inhibitions at 10% concentration but it showed 100% inhibition at 18% concentration.

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30

Jönsson, K., i J. la C. Jansen. "Screening method for evaluation of inhibition of nitrification in Sweden". Water Science and Technology 40, nr 2 (1.07.1999): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0115.

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An investigation with respect to inhibition of nitrification of wastewater from 109 Swedish municipal wastewater treatment plants was performed. Flow proportional, 24-hour composite samples were collected during one week, and then analysed using the screening method. Inhibition of nitrification above 10% was found at only 20 plants. In general, the load of inhibiting substances is limited in Swedish municipal wastewater according to this study. The inhibition found is not connected to any special category of treatment plants with respect to the size of the plant. Neither was any general pattern of inhibition during the week found in this investigation. It was also shown that the screening method can be used for detecting small quantities of inhibiting substances if different dilutions of the same simple are analysed.

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Liu, Lin, Hongyu Su, Xue Li, Yanan Wang, Qiang Zhang i Jianhua Qian. "Study on the preparation and corrosion inhibition of Schiff-base self-assembled membranes". Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 66, nr 2 (21.02.2019): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-05-2018-1932.

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Purpose This paper aims to evaluate the inhibitive effect and adsorption behavior of the 2-amino-5-thiol-1,3,4-thiadiazole vanillin (A) on copper in 3 per cent NaCl solution. Design/methodology/approach A thiazole Schiff bases were synthesized, named, 2-amino-5-thiol-1,3,4-thiadiazole vanillin (A), which was fabricated respectively on copper surface by the molecular self-assembled. Evaluation was carried out by electrochemical measurement and surface analysis techniques. Measurement of static friction coefficient scanning electron microscopy and Contact angle analysis were applied, and it is finally confirmed the existence of the adsorbed film. The inhibitive mechanism of A was evaluated by means of quantitative calculation and molecular dynamics simulation. Findings The electrochemical measurement indicated that the self-assembled molecular film can effectively inhibit the corrosion of copper sheet, when the concentration was 15 mmol⋅L−1 and the assembly time was 6 h, the corrosion inhibition effect was the best, reaching as high as 97.5 per cent. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the Schiff base compound forms a protective film on the surface of the copper, which effectively blocks the transfer of corrosion particles to the metal substrate, thereby inhibiting the occurrence of corrosion. Adsorption behavior of A followed the Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm and attributed to mixed-type adsorption. The results of Quantitative calculation and molecular dynamics simulation showed that A was adsorbed on Cu (111) surface in parallel. Research limitations/implications In this study, the corrosion inhibition properties of Schiff base film were investigated by combining theory with experiment. Theoretical calculation is helpful to guide the synthesis of efficient and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors. Practical implications The damage caused by metal corrosion is great. The self-assembled Schiff base membrane synthesized in this paper is simple and compact, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency of copper in 3 per cent NaCl solution is 97.5 per cent. Social implications Inhibition of metal corrosion can better save energy and reduce economic losses. Originality/value The synthesized Schiff base was prepared on the copper surface by the molecular self-assembled. The Schiff base membrane has a good corrosion inhibition effect on copper in 3 per cent NaCl solution, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency is up to 97.5 per cent.

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Ninkovic, Jana, i Sabita Roy. "Chronic morphine modulates actin polymerization leading to inhibition of Fc-gamma receptor mediated phagocytosis (111.29)". Journal of Immunology 186, nr 1_Supplement (1.04.2011): 111.29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.111.29.

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Abstract Morphine has been known to modulate innate immune functions, by inhibiting macrophage phagocytosis. However, mechanisms by which morphine inhibits macrophage phagocytic ability remain to be explained. Our results indicate that chronic morphine treatment in vitro and in vivo inhibited Fcγ receptor mediated phagocytosis in murine macrophages by inhibiting actin polymerization. Using fluorescence microscopy and fluorometry, we showed that chronic morphine treatment led to inhibition of actin polymerization resulting in impaired internalization of opsonized dextran beads. Chronic morphine treatment inhibited activation of Rac1-GTPase, therefore inhibiting formation of lamellipodia and membrane ruffling. Morphine’s inhibition of Rac1-GTPase activation was abolished in J774 macrophages transfected with constitutively active Rac1. In addition, chronic morphine treatment led to an increase in intracellular cAMP, which resulted in inhibition of actin polymerization through a PKA dependant pathway. DB-cAMP, by increasing intracellular cAMP, led to suppression of actin polymerization while H89 treatment induced inhibition of PKA and abolished morphine’s inhibitory effect implicating cAMP as the key effector in morphine’s modulation of actin. Together these data indicate that chronic morphine by increasing cAMP, activating PKA which inhibits Rac1 GTP-ase, leads to inhibition of actin polymerization and phagocytosis.

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Ali, Gul Shad, i A. S. N. Reddy. "Inhibition of Fungal and Bacterial Plant Pathogens by Synthetic Peptides: In Vitro Growth Inhibition, Interaction Between Peptides and Inhibition of Disease Progression". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, nr 8 (sierpień 2000): 847–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.8.847.

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Four synthetic cationic peptides, pep6, pep7, pep11 and pep20, were tested alone and in combinations for their antimicrobial activities against economically important plant pathogenic fungi (Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani) and bacteria (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica). In in vitro studies, P. infestans and A. solani were inhibited by all four peptides, while E. carotovora subsp. carotovora and E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica were inhibited only by pep11 and pep20. All peptides completely inhibited P. infestans and A. solani on potato leaves and P. infestans on tubers at concentrations comparable to the in vitro IC50 (effective concentration for 50% growth inhibition) values, suggesting that these peptides are more potent in preventing infection than in inhibiting hyphal growth in vitro. Microscopic observations of P. infestans and A. solani when treated with these peptides revealed hyphal anomalies. In tuber-infectivity assays, pep11 and pep20 reduced bacterial softrot symptoms by 50% at 2.0 to 2.30 μM and by 100% at 20 μM. In assays involving two-way combinations of these peptides, growth inhibitions of fungi and bacteria by the combinations were no more than the sum of growth inhibitions by each peptide when used alone, indicating that they act additively. pep11 and pep20 are not phytotoxic to potato plants at 200 μM. With strong and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities of pep11 and pep20 against fungi and bacteria, and with no antagonistic activities, the expression of these peptides in transgenic potato plants could lead to enhanced disease resistance against these pathogens.

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Fahrul, Muhammad, Ira Sari i Dian Iriani. "Antibacterial Effectiveness of Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) Extract with Different Solvent". JURNAL AGROINDUSTRI HALAL 7, nr 1 (28.04.2021): 001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jah.v7i1.3253.

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This research was aims to determine the antibacterial characteristics of seaweed extract Eucheuma cottonii with different solvents against bacteria Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi, to determine the diameter of the inhibition zone and the minimum inhibition concentration of Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The research method used was an experimental method by extraction of Eucheuma cottonii with different solvents, namely ethanol 96% and hexane. The analysis parameters consisted of phytochemical identification tested, antibacterial tested, inhibition zone diameter, and minimum inhibition concentration. The results showed that E. cottonii seaweed extracted with ethanol 96% had of yield 3.16% and hexane 2.19%. The results of the phytochemical identification test (qualitative) showed a positive presence of phenolic compounds, steroids/triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins. Both extractions are classified as having antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi bacteria. The 6% concentration of ethanol 96% solvent was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Bacillus cereus bacteria with 7.33 mm of inhibition zone diameter. Meanwhile, the 4% concentration of ethanol 96% solvent was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria with 5 mm of inhibition zone diameter. Antibacterial from seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) extracted with ethanol 96% and hexane solvent tends to be more effective in inhibiting the growth of Bacillus cereus bacteria than bacteria Salmonella typhi.Keywords: Eucheuma cottonii, Ethanol, Hexane, Antibacterial

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Quintão, Nara L. M., Christiane Meyre-Silva, Gislaine F. Silva, Carla S. Antonialli, Lilian W. Rocha, Ruth M. Lucinda-Silva, Angela Malheiros, Márcia M. Souza, Valdir Cechinel Filho i Tania M. B. Bresolin. "Aleurites moluccana(L.) Willd. Leaves: Mechanical Antinociceptive Properties of a Standardized Dried Extract and Its Chemical Markers". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/179890.

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Seeking to develop a new analgesic phytomedicine, a spray-dried extract (SDE) ofAleurites moluccana(L.) Willd. leaves was developed in scale up (5 kg). The SDE was standardized at 3% w/w in relation to the flavonoid 2′′-O-rhamnosylswertisin. The SDE batches were evaluated in relation to their physical, physiochemical, and pharmacological characteristics. The results demonstrated the reproducibility of the scale up SDE process which, when dosed orally, reduced carrageenan-induced mechanical hypernociception, with an ID50% of 443 mg/kg. Similar results were obtained with animals injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), in which SDE caused inhibition of 48 ± 4%. SDE was effective in preventing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced mechanical hypernociception (inhibition of 26 ± 10% and 33 ± 3%, at 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively). Swertisin and 2′′-O-rhamnosylswertisin isolated from the own extract were effective in inhibiting the hypernociceptive response induced by carrageenan (70 ± 2% and 50 ± 5%, resp.). Furthermore, 2′′-O-rhamnosylswertisin was capable of significantly inhibiting the mechanical sensitization induced by CFA or PGE2, with inhibitions of 25 ± 3% and 94 ± 6%, respectively. These results suggest that the effects of SDE are related, at least in part, to the presence of these flavonoids.

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36

Wang, Jean Y. J. "Controlling Abl: auto-inhibition and co-inhibition?" Nature Cell Biology 6, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncb0104-3.

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Nussberger, Jürg, Bernard Waeber i Hans R. Brunner. "Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and renin inhibition". Journal of Hypertension 7 (kwiecień 1989): S75—S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-198904002-00016.

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38

CONNOLLY, E. SANDER. "Medulloblastoma Growth Inhibition by Hedgehog Pathway Inhibition". Neurosurgery 51, nr 6 (1.12.2002): NA. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000309154.15301.1a.

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ELMORE, MOIRA A., ROBERT H. DANIELS, MAXINE E. HILL i MICHAEL J. FINNEN. "Inhibition of neutrophil priming by inhibitiors of farnesyl transferase". Biochemical Society Transactions 25, nr 2 (1.05.1997): 253S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst025253s.

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Yang, Bo, Wu Chen i Dan Hua Mu. "Study of Garlic Extract as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Acidic Media". Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (czerwiec 2014): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.118.

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This paper studies extract as corrosion inhibitors extracted from garlic. The IR spectrum analysis of the extract shows that the main ingredient of extract is amino acids, and the better extracting condition is that 30°C50mL 10%H2SO4and 20g peeled garlic react for 120.0h, and composite amino acids content in the extract is 19.0mg/L. The result of corrosion inhibition performance using static weight loss shows that the dosage of the extract, temperature and concentration of acidic mediums have effect on corrosion inhibition remarkably. The corrosion inhibitive efficiency for A3 steel is 93.26% in 5% Hydrochloric acid and 79.2% in5% mud acid when the dosage of the garlic extract is 4.0%(V/V) and 6.0%(V/V),respectively. The investigated results of electrochemistry performance of the extract indicates that corrosion potential of A3 steel shift in negative direction both in Hydrochloric acid and in mud acid, which indicates that the extract are inhibitors of inhibiting cathodic corrosion, and circular-arc radius of alternating-current impedance spectroscopy increase notably in acidic medium, and corrosion inhibition effect is remarkable. Therefore, it is feasible to extract inhibitors from garlic.

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41

Vishnudevan, M. "Mitigation of Mild Steel Corrosion in Acidic Solution Using Inhibitor". E-Journal of Chemistry 8, s1 (2011): S53—S60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/894041.

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The inhibition efficiency of mild steel corrosion in HCl acidic solution containing various concentrations of mixed inhibitors were evaluated by conducting Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance studies. The mixed inhibitors used in this present investigation were trisodium citrate and sodium benzoate. In this present investigation 0.01 N to 0.1 N concentrations of HCl was used at 30°C. Sodium benzoate present in the mixed inhibitive system enhanced the inhibition efficiency through chemisorptions. The maximum inhibition efficiency ( 95.4%) was obtained for the mixed inhibitive system containing 0.05 M citrate and 0.5 M benzoate in 0.1 N HCl.

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42

Li, Hai Hua, Zhen Fa Liu, Ru Hui Guo i Mei Fang Yan. "Properties of IA/SAS Copolymer and Itaconic Acid Homopolymer". Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (grudzień 2014): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.292.

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The sulfo-group-containing itaconic-acid-based polymer (IA/SAS) and the itaconic acid homopolymer (PIA) were synthesized. The molecular structure of itaconic acid, copolymer and homopolymer were determined by IR analysis. The performances of inhibition against CaCO3 and Ca3(PO4)2 scale of the two polymers were compared by the static scale inhibition experiments. When the dosage exceeded 20 mg/L, both of the inhibition efficiencies against CaCO3 scale were higher than 90%. IA/SAS had obvious performance of inhibition against Ca3(PO4)2 scale, when the dosage of IA/SAS was 28 mg/L, the scale inhibition efficiency reached 100%. While PIA did not show any effect of inhibiton against Ca3(PO4)2 scale within the test range.

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Bhaskara, Shobha, Sanaulla Pathapalya Fakrudeen, Tegene Desalegn, H. C. Ananda Murthy i V. Bheemaraju. "Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency of Aluminum Alloy 2024 by Diaminostilbene and Azobenzene Schiff Bases in 1 M Hydrochloric Acid". International Journal of Corrosion 2021 (21.10.2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5869915.

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The Schiff base compounds N,N ′ -bis(salicylidine)-4,4 ′ –diaminostilbene(SDS) and N,N ′ -bis(salicylidine)-4,4 ′ -diamino azobenzene(SDA) were synthesized, and their molecular structure was determined by FT-IR and 1H NMR. The corrosion inhibitions of Schiff base compounds on aluminum alloy 2024 in 1 M hydrochloric acid were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization, impedance techniques, weight loss method, and scanning electron microscopic technique. The potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) studies revealed that SDS and SDA compounds acted predominantly as cathodic inhibitors. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) parameters confirmed the adsorption of SDS and SDA molecules over the surface of aluminum alloy 2024 alloy by forming an inhibitive layer. The weight loss studies showed that the inhibition efficiency of these compounds increases directly with concentration and decreases with an increase in solution temperature and immersion time. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated to investigate the mechanism of corrosion inhibition. The SDA was found to be more effective than SDS and followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed that the deterioration of the alloy surface is minimal in the presence of an inhibitor. Both Schiff base molecules exhibited superior corrosion inhibition for aluminum alloy 2024 alloy in HCl medium.

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Kloster, Annelyze Podolan, Natalino Lourenço Neto, Silgia Aparecida da Costa, Thais Marchini Oliveira, Rodrigo Cardoso de Oliveira i Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira Machado. "In Vitro Antimicrobial Effect of Bioadhesive Oral Membrane with Chlorhexidine Gel". Brazilian Dental Journal 29, nr 4 (sierpień 2018): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201801743.

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Abstract This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial effect of a bioadhesive chitosan-based oral membrane with chlorhexidine for local treatment of infections in the oral tissues. Five oral membranes of different compositions were tested: 5% chitosan (G1); 5% chitosan ± 0.2% chlorhexidine (G2), 5% chitosan ± 0.6% chlorhexidine (G3), 5% chitosan ± 1.0% chlorhexidine (G4), and 5% chitosan ± 2.0% chlorhexidine (G5). Also, five gel types were tested according to the following compositions: 5% chitosan gel (G6), 0.2% chlorhexidine gel (G7), 2.0% chlorhexidine gel (G8), 5% chitosan gel ± 0.2% chlorhexidine gel (G9), and 5% chitosan gel ± 2.0% chlorhexidine gel (G10). The antimicrobial action of the samples was tested against Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans through antibiogram by measuring the inhibition halos. Data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test (p<0.05). The 2.0% chlorhexidine membrane (G5) and the disks containing 2.0% chlorhexidine gel (G8) showed the greatest inhibition halos for both microorganisms, with statistically significant difference when compared to others tested groups (p=0.008) only for Candida albicans inhibitions results. All the other formulations of membranes and gels showed inhibition halos, but without statistically significant difference. The bioadhesive chitosan-based oral membrane with 2% chlorhexidine and 2% chlorhexidine gel were the most effective in inhibiting the tested microorganisms.

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Nosaka, S., K. Inui, S. Murase i K. Murata. "A prejunctional mechanism in midbrain periaqueductal gray inhibition of vagal bradycardia in rats". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 270, nr 2 (1.02.1996): R373—R382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.2.r373.

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Stimulation of the dorsal part of the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter (dPAG) inhibits baroreflex vagal bradycardia (BVB) via a central mechanism. Here we report that the dPAG suppresses vagal bradycardia also by a peripheral mechanism. In chloralose-urethan-anesthetized, beta-blocked rats, the cervical vagus nerve was cut and the distal cut end was electrically stimulated to induce vagal bradycardia (VIB). Sustained electrical stimulation of the dPAG attenuated VIB in a duration-dependent manner but did not affect bradycardia induced by intravenous acetyl-choline (AIB). The dPAG inhibition of VIB was abolished by C1 transection. Intravenous norepinephrine (NE) reduced VIB but did not affect AIB. Both the dPAG and NE inhibitions of VIB were largely attenuated during intravenous prazosin, a selective alpha 1-receptor antagonist. In contrast, BVB provoked by aortic depressor nerve stimulation was remarkably inhibited by a shortly preceding dPAG stimulation, but this inhibition was not affected by C1 transection. Prazosin treatment did reduced the inhibition, but only moderately. In conclusion, the dPAG has a potential ability to suppress VIB by prejunctionally inhibiting acetylcholine release from cardiac vagus nerve terminals via alpha 1-receptors. However, dPAG stimulation first suppresses BVB largely at a central site, leaving a limited fraction of vagal outflow to be inhibited by a prejunctional mechanism operating with long latency.

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46

Minchenko, O. H. "Inhibition of ERN1 signaling enzyme affects hypoxic regulation". Ukrainian Biochemical Journal 87, nr 2 (27.04.2015): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ubj87.02.076.

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Nascimento, W. M., i R. S. Pereira. "Preventing thermo-inhibition in carrot by seed priming". Seed Science and Technology 35, nr 2 (1.07.2007): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2007.35.2.25.

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AFFI, Sopi Thomas, Doh SORO, Souleymane COULIBALY, Bibata KONATE i Nahossé ZIAO. "Modeling anticancer pharmacophore based on inhibition of HDAC7". SDRP Journal of Computational Chemistry & Molecular Modeling 5, nr 3 (2021): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25177/jccmm.5.3.ra.10776.

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Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are the target inhibition enzymes in cancer treatment via chemotherapy. Application of this therapeutic technique requires the use of drugs whose side effects are reduced and tiny with necessary safety. In this study, the methods and tools of pharmacophore modeling were used to investigate ten molecules known for their anticancer properties. Particular attention has been given to pinpoint a promising anti-cancer pharmacophore in order to lead new effective inhibitors. Using Discovery Studio 2.5 software, the ten compounds were docked within the active site of the HDAC7 enzyme. Analysis of the binding characteristics of all the compounds collected and tested in the model resulted in the characteristics produced by the 3D pharmacophore of the selected hypothesis. This led to note that the efficiency of any HDAC enzyme inhibitor was related to the characteristics of the designed pharmacophore. At the end, the pharmacophore hypothesis used here was presented as a useful basis for the development of anticancer compounds. Keywords: Pharmacophore, 3c0z, HDAC7, QSAR

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49

Yilmaz, A. "Pitting inhibition in fiber dyeing solutions by two oxyanions". Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 64, nr 2 (6.03.2017): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-06-2015-1554.

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Purpose Pitting inhibition efficiency of SO4− and NO3− on AISI 316L stainless steel in contact with Cl−-containing fiber dyeing solutions together with the influence of the anions on absorption behavior of the solutions were investigated. The purpose of the study is to experimentally determine an optimized dyeing solution efficient on both – inhibition of the steel’s pitting and exhaustion of the dyes dissolved. Design/methodology/approach Methods such as electrochemical cyclic polarization, UV-visible range spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy have been used to assess the performance of two inhibitors on both pitting inhibition of the steel and dissolving ability over the reactive dyes. To find out a promising dyeing solution mixture in both aspects, Cl content of the original dyeing solution was replaced gradually with the inhibiting anions, where the total anionic content was kept constant to unchange the dye exhaustion potential of the solution. Then, those solutions came out with diverse pitting inhibition, and dye absorption levels were compared together for reducing/avoiding the pitting issues of the reactive dyeing vessels of the industry. Findings Rather high absorption levels detected by visible range spectrophotometry on the solutions showing sound inhibition levels indicated possibility of unaltered reactive dyeing qualities with an enhanced vessel lifetime as the inhibitive anions replace Cl−. Nitrate performed better than sulfate both on inhibition and absorption in the dyeing solutions. Also, 316L vessels became open to an extra anodic protection in inhibitor added solutions. Research limitations/implications The findings are valid for a certain group of reactive dyes and dyeing solutions held at 70°C. However, the testing methods are available to almost any dyeing solution and dyeing temperature. Originality/value The work presents a combined testing of pitting inhibition and absorption behavior of dyeing solutions involving Cl− that has not been reported so far. It shows that solution recipes least harmful to the steel vessels can be outlined for various reactive or other types of dye groups.

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McLeod, Brett N., i George B. Spiegelman. "Soj Antagonizes Spo0A Activation of Transcription in Bacillus subtilis". Journal of Bacteriology 187, nr 7 (1.04.2005): 2532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.7.2532-2536.2005.

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ABSTRACT The ParA family protein Soj appears to negatively regulate sporulation in Bacillus subtilis by inhibiting transcription from promoters that are activated by phosphorylated Spo0A. We tested in vitro Soj inhibition of Spo0A-independent variants of a promoter that Soj inhibited (PspoIIG). Transcription from the variants was less sensitive to Soj inhibition, suggesting that inhibition of wild-type PspoIIG was linked to transcription activation by Spo0A.

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