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St-Pierre, Danielle, Antoine Nappi, Sonia de Bellefeuille, Andrée-Anne Lévesque Aubé i Sylvie Martin. "La connectivité au-delà des frontières : Résolution 40-3 concernant la connectivité écologique, l’adaptation aux changements climatiques et la conservation de la biodiversité". Connectivité et adaptation aux changements climatiques 143, nr 1 (28.11.2018): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1054111ar.
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En août 2016, la Résolution 40-3 (Résolution concernant la connectivité écologique, l’adaptation aux changements climatiques et la conservation de la biodiversité) a été adoptée lors de la 40e Conférence annuelle des gouverneurs de la Nouvelle-Angleterre et des premiers ministres de l’Est du Canada. Par cette résolution, les gouverneurs et les premiers ministres reconnaissent l’importance de la connectivité écologique pour la capacité d’adaptation et la résilience des écosystèmes, de la biodiversité et des communautés humaines face aux changements climatiques. La résolution souligne également l’importance de collaborer par-delà les frontières afin de faire avancer les efforts de conservation et de rétablissement de la connectivité écologique. Les éléments abordés dans la résolution touchent notamment la conservation, la planification de l’utilisation du territoire, la gestion des ressources naturelles et la planification des infrastructures routières. La mise en oeuvre de cette résolution est assurée par un groupe de travail coprésidé par les gouvernements du Québec et du Vermont. D’ici 2020, les activités du groupe de travail viseront à favoriser la mise en oeuvre d’actions concrètes en matière de connectivité écologique.
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Gratton, Louise, i Jessica Levine. "L’initiative Staying Connected : pour reconnecter la nature et les humains par-delà les frontières". Connectivité et adaptation aux changements climatiques 143, nr 1 (28.11.2018): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1054112ar.
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L’initiative Staying Connected (SCI) est issue d’une collaboration binationale comptant plus de 55 partenaires américains et canadiens (départements et ministères responsables des transports et de la faune, universités et organismes de conservation). Depuis 2009, tous travaillent ensemble à préserver la connectivité du paysage à l’échelle de l’écorégion des Appalaches nordiques et de l’Acadie. Les partenaires de SCI mettent en oeuvre une approche multisectorielle visant à rendre les routes plus sécuritaires pour la faune et les usagers. Ils collaborent aux analyses spatiales afin d’identifier les segments de routes prioritaires au maintien de la connectivité, participent à la validation des endroits critiques où les animaux traversent les routes et contribuent au choix des infrastructures les mieux adaptées pour faciliter leur passage et réduire le nombre de collisions. L’accès pour la faune aux habitats situés de part et d’autre de l’emprise routière est assuré par la conservation des milieux naturels dans les corridors fauniques. Les mesures prises sont la protection des terres situées aux abords des routes, l’aménagement du territoire, la sensibilisation du public et le développement de politiques permettant de garantir la pérennité de ces investissements pour la connectivité.
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Bowden, Alison A., i Sara E. Burns. "Adapter les infrastructures afin de réduire les risques pour les personnes et d’améliorer la connectivité pour les poissons et la faune". Le Naturaliste canadien 143, nr 1 (28.11.2018): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1054123ar.
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Aux États-Unis, 96 % de la population vit dans un comté qui a connu un évènement météorologique déclaré catastrophe naturelle par le gouvernement fédéral au cours des dernières années. Le développement dans les zones inondables menace les côtes et les rivières. Cette menace est exacerbée par des ponceaux et autres infrastructures de franchissement de cours d’eau dimensionnés et conçus en fonction de l’utilisation préalable du territoire, souvent dans le seul objectif de diriger l’eau sous les routes. En revanche, les infrastructures naturelles ou inspirées par le fonctionnement de la nature (plaines inondables, passages de cours d’eau qui maintiennent la connectivité aquatique, etc.) peuvent être résilientes aux inondations et acheminer l’eau sous les routes, tout en offrant d’autres avantages, notamment pour la conservation des habitats du poisson et d’autres espèces fauniques. Au Massachusetts, les normes de conception des traverses de cours d’eau ont été changées en mettant l’accent sur une approche multi-objectifs de gestion des risques d’inondation (p. ex. intégrité de l’infrastructure existante, connectivité écologique). Quatre catégories de conditions-clés favorisent l’intégration d’approches basées sur la résilience climatique des milieux naturels : la réglementation; l’assistance technique et le financement; le suivi; et l’engagement communautaire. Nous présentons comment chacune a influencé la conception des passages aquatiques dans tout le Massachusetts.
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Monticone, Kateri. "Les corridors écologiques : un moyen d’adaptation aux changements climatiques". Implication des municipalités et des communautés 143, nr 1 (28.11.2018): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1054125ar.
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Sous les effets des changements climatiques (CC), il est démontré que les niches écologiques des espèces se déplaceront vers le nord au rythme de 45 km par décennie. À l’échelle continentale, la position géographique du Québec est déterminante dans l’adaptation aux CC. Afin d’atténuer les impacts des CC et favoriser l’adaptation des espèces, le maintien de corridors écologiques est jugé crucial. Les aires protégées et les habitats naturels devront être mieux connectés par des corridors axés sud-nord essentiels à la migration des espèces. Conservation de la nature Canada (CNC) travaille déjà à protéger des sites naturels de grande valeur écologique à l’échelle du pays; certains s’avèrent critiques au maintien de la connectivité écologique. Dans cette perspective, CNC propose, au Québec, une approche intégrée en partenariat avec les acteurs de la conservation dont les activités de sciences, de protection, d’aménagement du territoire, d’engagement des collectivités et d’adaptation des infrastructures routières permettent de consolider les efforts de conservation dans un contexte de CC. D’ici avril 2020, des plans d’intervention visant une concertation accrue entre les différents acteurs seront mis en place avec les partenaires locaux dans cinq zones critiques pour le maintien de la connectivité au Québec.
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Martinez Oliva, Juan Carlos. "On the Road: Connectivity infrastructures in Southeast Asia". Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 1, nr 1 (13.03.2017): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v1i1.6.
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This paper considers the problems surrounding the implementation of road infrastructure plans in a policy perspective. As the main pillar of regional connectivity, road networks provide the link across national markets, foster strong and sustainable economic growth, help meeting people’sbasic needs, and promote trade and competiveness. It is argued that planning, implementing, and managing good transportation infrastructures poses a series of challenges that require competence, good governance, and the availability of funds. Such problems become more complex when road projects encompass different states and become transnational. The regional dimension of connectivity involves both opportunities and risks; a cooperative attitude by all parties is viewed as the best ingredient to achieve a positive balance. Since most countries cannot still rely on domestic resources, the paper stresses the role of virtuous policies in directing capital flows from abroad towards the infrastructural projects of Southeast Asia.
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Netirith, Narthsirinth, i Mingjun Ji. "Analysis of the Efficiency of Transport Infrastructure Connectivity and Trade". Sustainability 14, nr 15 (4.08.2022): 9613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159613.
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Analyzing the efficiency of transport infrastructure connectivity and trade in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is very important for regional integration for international trade in the RCEP. This study aims to significantly measure the efficiency of the connectivity of infrastructure in the RCEP for improving the performance of infrastructure connection and suggest the way to improve the connection of infrastructure. Therefore, the input and output variables of infrastructure connectivity have been inserted to achieve this objective. The inputs are: the number of ports, rail range, and road networks, the number of land borders, the number of maritime borders, number of cross border points, railway linkage with other countries, number of ports connected with railways, and the number of ports connected with road base on the “intermodal and multimodal concept”. On the other hand, the output factors most related to trade and economics are GDP, transport, import, and export volume. The paper applied DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model by using DEAP software to analyze the data. The result reveals that the efficiency of infrastructures connectivity and international trade in 10 countries were efficient and 5 countries were inefficient. The research study presents ways of development to improve the connectivity by investing in the basic infrastructures, such as increasing the logistics connection points and driving forward for international trade in the RCEP.
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Risimati, Brightnes, Trynos Gumbo i James Chakwizira. "Spatial Integration of Non-Motorized Transport and Urban Public Transport Infrastructure: A Case of Johannesburg". Sustainability 13, nr 20 (17.10.2021): 11461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011461.
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Sustainability of transport infrastructure integration begins with involving an all-inclusive transportation chain instead of only focusing on one part of the journey. This is achieved by facilitating spatial integration between diverse transport modalities to allow for a multiplicity of travel opportunities. This paper unpacks the extent of the spatial integration of non-motorized transport and urban public transport infrastructure within the city of Johannesburg in South Africa. Cycling activity datasets derived from Strava Metro and the spatial data of urban public transport infrastructures were collected to demonstrate existing spatial patterns and infrastructure connectivity. Exploratory spatial data analysis and focal statistics analysis were central in the data processing. The findings reveal that cycling activities are separated from urban public transport infrastructure, and the city of Johannesburg’s transport system is characterized by spatially fragmented commuting and cycling operations, with limited to no sharing of infrastructure. Most public transport stations are not easily accessible for non-motorized transport and are characterized by inadequate cycling facilities. In conclusion, the identification of an urban public transportation catchment area becomes essential for developing cities such as Johannesburg. This can be used as tool for planning infrastructural upgrades and forecasting potential public transport ridership while also assessing the impacts of investments in transit planning. There is thus a need to integrate motorized urban public transport and cycling infrastructural developments toward promoting multi-mobility and infrastructure sharing.
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Kende, Michael, Sonia Livingstone, Scott Minehane, Michael Minges, Simon Molloy i George Sciadas. "GLOBAL CONNECTIVTY REPORT 2022. CHAPTERS 3-4. ACCELERATING PROGRESS TOWARDS UNIVERSAL AND MEANINGFUL CONNECTIVITY & THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MIDDLE-MILE CONNECTIVITY". SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 8, nr 4 (2022): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2022-8-4-22-32.
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The Global Connectivity Report 2022 takes stock of the progress in digital connectivity over the past three decades. It provides a detailed assessment of the current state of connectivity and how close the world is to achieving universal and meaningful connectivity, using a unique analytical framework. It goes on to showcase solutions and good practices to accelerate progress. The second part of the report consists of seven thematic deep dives on infrastructure, affordability, financing, the pandemic, regulation, youth, and data. Chapter 3 explores options to accelerate progress towards universal and meaningful connectivity. Expanding broadband networks is needed to eliminate the remaining blind spots and improve the quality of connectivity. Measures include reducing constraints on foreign direct investment to attract capital for upgrading and expanding digital infrastructure; ensuring sound ICT sector regulation to help build competitive markets and enhance predictability; promoting infrastructure sharing to reduce costs; ensuring the supply of adequate, inexpensive spectrum to help reduce coverage gaps; and ensuring sufficient capacity and a shift to new generations of mobile broadband. Solutions to ensure an adequate energy provision to power ICT infrastructure include policy incentives, reducing duties and taxes on green power equipment and allowing independent power producers. Chapter 4 explores the importance of middle-mile connectivity as countries develop digital economies – achieving better quality, lower costs and greater redundancy. The “middle mile” consists of infrastructure responsible for storing and exchanging data. It is an overlooked yet critical link in the connectivity chain, between international connectivity – or “first-mile” connectivity – and “last-mile” connectivity, made of the infrastructure that connects the users, which is hence more visible and tangible. The three key components of a domestic data infrastructure ecosystem are Internet exchange points (IXPs), data centres and cloud computing.
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R, Sunmathi, Tharun Teja G, Lakshmanaprakash S i Abirami A. "An Analysis of Verification Systems and Cybersecurity Dangers". Journal of Cyber Security in Computer System 3, nr 1 (29.04.2024): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jcscs.2024.v03i01.004.
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Global infrastructure provides all nations essential services such as Internet, electricity, banking, finance, public services, transportation, and water management. Each country has a distinct plan for critical infrastructure based on its sector. As IoT-based solutions become more prevalent, critical infrastructures require network and Internet access. As a result, critical systems within information networks are also vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Identifying possible cyber-attacks, developing defence tactics, and implementing preventative measures are critical. Protecting critical infrastructures from cyber-attacks is crucial nowadays. This paper examines current attacks on critical infrastructures. Security steps are addressed to prevent Internet protocol-based innovations. The IoT has enabled online connectivity for almost anything. The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to networked computing devices that may send data without human input. In contrast, the Internet is valuable; it can pose a significant cybersecurity risk to critical infrastructure.
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Sandee, Henry. "Infrastructure for Asian Connectivity". Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 49, nr 3 (grudzień 2013): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2013.850648.
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Bhattacharyay, Biswa Nath, Masahiro Kawai i Rajat M. Nag. "Infrastructure for Asian Connectivity". Southeast Asian Economies 30, nr 3 (2013): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae30-3j.
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Shen, Chen. "The Impact of Infrastructure Development on China–ASEAN Trade-Evidence from ASEAN". Sustainability 15, nr 4 (10.02.2023): 3277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043277.
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From the formal dialogue between China and ASEAN in 1991 to the establishment of the China–ASEAN FTA in 2010, the economic and trade relations between China and ASEAN countries have developed rapidly. With the continuous development of economic and trade relations, the infrastructural level between China and ASEAN has far lagged behind the needs of exchanges and trade. How to promote the development of bilateral trade through infrastructure construction and interconnection has become a concern of governments of all countries. In the context of China’s “Belt and Road” Initiative and the “Master Plan for ASEAN Connectivity”, new ideas and opportunities are provided for ASEAN infrastructure construction and its interconnection with China. Based on panel data from 2004 to 2020, this paper analyzes the impact of ASEAN infrastructure on the China–ASEAN trade volume. The analysis finds that road, port, shipping and communication infrastructure positively impact the bilateral trade volume, among which ports exert the greatest impact on the bilateral trade volume and roads have the least impact. For a more in-depth study, the transportation infrastructures of land and island countries are compared and analyzed separately. The impact of road infrastructure on trade is significant for land countries, while the impact of port infrastructure on trade is more remarkable for island countries. Finally, measures and suggestions on how to promote the development of bilateral trade are proposed on the basis of the above analysis.
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Tache, Antonio-Valentin, Oana-Cătălina Popescu i Alexandru-Ionuț Petrișor. "Conceptual Model for Integrating the Green-Blue Infrastructure in Planning Using Geospatial Tools: Case Study of Bucharest, Romania Metropolitan Area". Land 12, nr 7 (17.07.2023): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12071432.
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A green-blue infrastructure is essential for achieving the European Green Deal objectives and can be used to protect large cities and their metropolitan areas against urban sprawl. Green-blue infrastructure is an important research topic, because green-blue planning networks provide solutions for mitigating contemporary growing urban and climate challenges. Our study aims to create an innovative methodology for defining and analyzing the elements of green-blue infrastructure and their connectivity within Bucharest, Romania and its metropolitan area, to serve as a planning model. The methodology consists of merging European geodata sets with metropolitan and local data, using GIS tools, and analyzing the connectivity within the study area. All connections resulted from implementing the Linkage Mapper tool were operationalized, using high-resolution satellite images and correcting obtained connections, so that deviations from reality were minimized. The results consist of a conceptual model for planning the green-blue infrastructure within Bucharest and in its metropolitan area, embedding an analysis of its connectivity. The study contributes to implementing the concept of green infrastructure in urban and spatial planning, providing tools for planning the green-blue infrastructures of large cities and their metropolitan areas and, implicitly, reducing urban sprawl, improving air quality and mitigating environmental threats due to climate change.
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Wang, Ke, Yong Li i Jun Wu. "Identifying multiple vulnerable areas of infrastructure network under global connectivity measure". International Journal of Modern Physics C 30, nr 07 (lipiec 2019): 1940004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183119400047.
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Infrastructure networks provide significant services for our society. Nevertheless, high dependence on physical infrastructures makes infrastructure networks vulnerable to disasters or intentional attacks which being considered as geographically related failures that happened in specific geographical locations and result in failures of neighboring network components. To provide comprehensive network protection against failures, vulnerability of infrastructure network needs to be assessed with various network performance measures. However, when considering about multiple vulnerable areas, available researches just employ measure of total number of affected edges while neglecting edges’ different topologies. In this paper, we focus on identifying multiple vulnerable areas under global connectivity measure: Size Ratio of the Giant Component (SRGC). Firstly, Deterministic Damage Circle Model and Multiple Barycenters Method are presented to determine damage impact and location of damage region. For solving the HP-hard problem of identifying multiple optimal attacks, we transform the problem into combinational optimization problem and propose a mixed heuristic strategy consisted of both Greedy Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm to attain the optimal solution. We obtain numerical results for real-world infrastructure network, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness and applicability of the presented strategy and algorithms. The distinctive results of SRGC indicate the necessity and significance of considering global connectivity measure in assessing vulnerability of infrastructure networks.
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Hill, Hal, Takatoshi Ito, Kazumasa Iwata, Colin McKenzie i Shujiro Urata. "Connectivity and Infrastructure: Editors' Overview". Asian Economic Policy Review 11, nr 2 (lipiec 2016): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12150.
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Barua, Taz (Tonmoy). "The Look East Policy/Act East Policy-driven Development Model in Northeast India". Jadavpur Journal of International Relations 24, nr 1 (12.03.2020): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973598420908844.
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Under the Look East Policy (LEP)/Act East Policy (AEP), connectivity constructions, development of transport routes, and related industrial and trade infrastructures have sought to rescue the Indian North Eastern Region from the trap of a security paradox that was said to have limited availability of developmental opportunities in Northeast India. Adoption of the LEP came in the foreground of economic reforms in India in the early 1990s. The LEP identified Northeast India as throughway for trade expansion and joint economic growth in India–Southeast Asia region. For facilitating the objectives of expansion and growth, the LEP/AEP has sought to build a network of infrastructure for the sake of connectivity in the region. Due to this focus on infrastructure constructions, the LEP/AEP has advanced an economic development model that prioritizes creating physical infrastructures over social development. This article looks at the chartering of this development model and the contestations it faces from people in the region. For different social groups, the LEP/AEP has come to be seen as a developmental imposition that risks making the Northeast region a mere regional trade and logistics transit hub
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Silva, Cristiano M., Barbara M. Masini, Gianluigi Ferrari i Ilaria Thibault. "A Survey on Infrastructure-Based Vehicular Networks". Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6123868.
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The infrastructure of vehicular networks plays a major role in realizing the full potential of vehicular communications. More and more vehicles are connected to the Internet and to each other, driving new technological transformations in a multidisciplinary way. Researchers in automotive/telecom industries and academia are joining their effort to provide their visions and solutions to increasingly complex transportation systems, also envisioning a myriad of applications to improve the driving experience and the mobility. These trends pose significant challenges to the communication systems: low latency, higher throughput, and increased reliability have to be granted by the wireless access technologies and by a suitable (possibly dedicated) infrastructure. This paper presents an in-depth survey of more than ten years of research on infrastructures, wireless access technologies and techniques, and deployment that make vehicular connectivity available. In addition, we identify the limitations of present technologies and infrastructures and the challenges associated with such infrastructure-based vehicular communications, also highlighting potential solutions.
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Elixhauser, Sophie. "Making and Unmaking Airports in Tunu (East Greenland): The Socio-Material Dynamics of Hope and Connectivity". Études Inuit Studies 47, nr 1-2 (2023): 275–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1113393ar.
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Like many airports throughout the Arctic, Kulusuk Airport, the entrance to the sparsely populated East Coast of Greenland, is built on the remnants of past military activities and is located some distance from the regional capital, Tasiilaq. For years, there have been discussions regarding the construction of a new airport in Tasiilaq to improve connectivity and reduce dependence on helicopter flights. Throughout the East Coast, many residents feel that they are looked down upon by the (West) Greenlandic population and are given little priority in the political and economic decisions taking place in the faraway national capital of Nuuk, which feeds into residents’ attitudes towards the ever-suspended airport plans. Many residents place great hope on this plan, as this “infrastructural hope” (Reeves 2017) includes economic and social possibilities and an improvement of the region’s status both within the country and abroad. On the other hand, in the village of Kulusuk, near the current airport, people fear the repercussions of this new airport. I explore the hopes, fears, and affect generated by and embedded within infrastructure, considering issues of remoteness, social and physical connectivity, “infrastructural violence” (Rodgers and O’Neill 2012), and residents’ future imaginaries and historical experiences in (post)colonial Greenland. Describing the socio-material dynamics of hope and connectivity, this article shows how aviation infrastructure is never just about the physical infrastructure but is always enabled by and embedded in societal processes.
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Charokopos, Michael. "Building Connectivity Infrastructures in the Cold War Balkans". Southeastern Europe 46, nr 2 (31.10.2022): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763332-46020002.
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Abstract The article explores the development of energy and transport networks in the Cold War Balkans by bringing three case studies of cross-border connectivity into focus: the Yougelexport project, the Djerdap hydropower station and the Circular Highway. In this endeavour networks are not treated as neutral physical infrastructures, but as social phenomena with political, cultural and economic impact. Hence, the development of cross-border and cross-bloc connectivity projects between the countries of the region is connected with the course of their bilateral relations and the broader political context of the Cold War. Against this background, the article discusses the national political objectives related to infrastructure building and the role of transnational technocratic cooperation in cross-border connectivity projects in the Cold War Balkans.
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Hakman, M. "Connectivity Infrastructure and Components for POCT Environments - Overall Infrastructure". Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 6, nr 3 (1.07.2001): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535(04)00138-8.
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Hakman, Mikael, i Torgny Groth. "Connectivity Infrastructure and Components for POCT Environments — Overall Infrastructure". JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 6, nr 3 (czerwiec 2001): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00138-8.
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Yao, Xijun, Hsi-Hsien Wei, Igal M. Shohet i Miroslaw J. Skibniewski. "Assessment of Terrorism Risk to Critical Infrastructures: The Case of a Power-Supply Substation". Applied Sciences 10, nr 20 (14.10.2020): 7162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207162.
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This paper presents a novel approach for estimating the vulnerability level of critical infrastructure confronting potential terrorist threats and assessing the usefulness of various protection strategies for critical infrastructure (CI). A methodology, utilizing a combination of topological network analysis and game theory, is presented to evaluate the effectiveness of protection strategies for certain components in the infrastructure under various attack scenarios. This paper focuses on protective strategies that are based on different attack scenarios as well as on the connectivity of the critical infrastructure components. The methodology proposed allows optimization of protection strategies in terms of investment in critical infrastructure protection in order to reduce expenditures on local infrastructure protection or on a single critical infrastructure for small projects. A case study of a power-supply substation is included to validate the analytical framework. The results indicate that the framework is highly applicable to other types of critical infrastructures facing similar threats. The results suggest that when only terrorist attacks are considered, improving the robustness of CI has a much higher effectiveness and efficiency than improving CI redundancy. The research methodology in this paper can be applied to a wide range of critical infrastructures and systems that may be at risk from manmade extreme events.
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Majid Gilani, Sayed Abdul, i Alessio Faccia. "Broadband Connectivity, Government Policies, and Open Innovation: The Crucial IT Infrastructure Contribution in Scotland". Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, nr 1 (30.12.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010001.
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Broadband connectivity is now essential to ensure a competitive advantage for any business. The analysis of Scotland’s crucial IT infrastructure contribution supported the authors’ thesis that the Government plays a decisive role in Open Innovation ecosystems. Indeed, IT infrastructures are a clear case of market failure where remote areas will never be served by adequate connectivity without public support. The main contribution is the demonstration that the benefits of public intervention are sometimes required and beneficial to correct market distortions and generate positive spillovers in terms of collaboration in Open Innovation ecosystems. Another relevant contribution is a comprehensive analysis of the consistency of the evolution of the public policies that supported the IT Infrastructure in Scotland. Therefore, pivotal is the study of this case study that can be easily generalised to many other contexts where the Government addressed market failures and, at the same time, contributed to generating collaborative environments.
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Kende, Michael, Sonia Livingstone, Scott Minehane, Michael Minges, Simon Molloy i George Sciadas. "GLOBAL CONNECTIVTY REPORT 2022. CHAPTER 2. THE JOURNEY TO UNIVERSAL AND MEANINGFUL CONNECTIVITY". SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 8, nr 3 (2022): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2022-8-3-29-37.
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The Global Connectivity Report 2022 takes stock of the progress in digital connectivity over the past three decades. It provides a detailed assessment of the current state of connectivity and how close the world is to achieving universal and meaningful connectivity, using a unique analytical framework. It goes on to showcase solutions and good practices to accelerate progress. The second part of the report consists of seven thematic deep dives on infrastructure, affordability, financing, the pandemic, regulation, youth, and data. Chapter 2 relies on the framework for universal and meaningful connectivity and the associated targets for 2030, developed by ITU and the Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Technology, to analyse the current state of digital connectivity globally and progress towards reaching the targets by 2030. The framework considers usage by various stakeholders (universal dimension of connectivity) and the five enablers of connectivity (meaningful dimension of connectivity): infrastructure, device, affordability, skills, and safety and security. The assessment reveals that the world is still far from universal and meaningful connectivity. Infrastructure needs to be rolled out or improved to bridge the coverage gap. There are still significant differences between and within countries in network availability and quality. Fixed broadband is a costly investment and is not available or is unaffordable for many. Mobile broadband offers greater flexibility and is less expensive, and most rely on this technology to go online. But in many rural areas of developing countries, only 3G is available, when meaningful connectivity requires 4G. The coverage gap, currently at 5%, is dwarfed by the usage gap: 32% of people who are within range of a mobile broadband network and could therefore connect, remain offline. Data compiled by ITU make it possible to classify the offline population based on who they are and where they live. The main reasons cited by people for not using the Internet are the lack of affordability, of awareness about the Internet, of need, as well as the inability to use the Internet. Globally, connectivity became more expensive in 2021 due to the global economic downturn triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. After years of steady decline, the share of income spent on telecommunication and Internet services increased in 2021. The global median price of an entry-level broadband plan in the majority of countries amounts to more than 2% of the gross national income per capita, which is the affordability threshold set by the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development. People should not be forced to use the Internet. However, evidence suggests that introducing people to the Internet usually entices them to stay online. Based on activities people reported, use of the Internet leads to an improved social life, with the use of social networks, making Internet calls and streaming video the most common activities.
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Bhattacharyay, Biswa Nath. "Infrastructure for ASEAN Connectivity and Integration". Asean Economic Bulletin 27, nr 2 (2010): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae27-2d.
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UJOH, Fanan, Patrick Samson Udama ENECHE i Micah Ekwutosi OBIEGBU. "Ecological Connectivity Index Mapping for Green Infrastructure Development in Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria". Environment and Natural Resources Research 8, nr 2 (14.05.2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v8n2p116.
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Infrastructural development is considered one of the key steps towards economic advancement and prosperity, although the ecological basis of such intent is often not enshrined in the policies of governments, especially in most developing nations. Thus, infrastructural development has further increased fragmentation of ecologically-rich landscapes, causing biodiversity losses, reduced specie richness and diversity and climate change. Hence, the need for green infrastructure development. This study made use of Geographic Information System (GIS) tool to explore areas with high Ecological Connectivity Index (ECI) that could (easily) support green infrastructure development in Kaduna State in the face of climate change impacts which is already ravaging the region. Kaduna State land use/cover map and Aster GDTM elevation data were acquired, processed and analyzed using ArcGIS 10.5 software. A spatial model was developed that made use of the combination of elevation, slope and land use/cover data of the State via Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) to reveal potentially viable and ecologically-rich areas of the State and the most efficient links between such areas. A total distance of 878 kilometers of potential ecological corridors in the study area were mapped and therefore, serve as a base to be considered in embarking on a state-wide green wall infrastructure development program by Kaduna State government. It is however recommended that Kaduna State as well as other state governments, particularly in northern Nigeria, ought to roll-out phased green infrastructure investment program(s), adopt the use of shrubs and trees in building green walls and to localize all the gains of the continental-wide Green Wall initiative as this will further reduce the threats of climate change in the region. The study also recommended the inclusion of other landscape variables/descriptors (e.g. road proximity, soil properties, cultural setting of local communities, etc.) into building a more comprehensive model to strengthen the accuracy of the map and the model presented in this study.
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Thanh Chi Phan i Prabhdeep Singh. "A Recent Connected Vehicle - IoT Automotive Application Based on Communication Technology". International Journal of Data Informatics and Intelligent Computing 2, nr 4 (26.12.2023): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.59461/ijdiic.v2i4.88.
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Realizing the full potential of vehicle communications depends in large part on the infrastructure of vehicular networks. As more cars are connected to the Internet and one another, new technological advancements are being driven by a multidisciplinary approach. As transportation networks become more complicated, academic, and automotive researchers collaborate to offer their thoughts and answers. They also imagine various applications to enhance mobility and the driving experience. Due to the requirement for low latency, faster throughput, and increased reliability, wireless access technologies and an appropriate (potentially dedicated) infrastructure present substantial hurdles to communication systems. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the wireless access technologies, deployment, and connected car infrastructures that enable vehicular connectivity. The challenges, issues, services, and maintenance of connected vehicles that rely on infrastructure-based vehicular communications are also identified in this paper.
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BHATTACHARYAY, BISWA NATH. "INSTITUTIONS FOR ASIAN CONNECTIVITY". Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 01, nr 02 (październik 2010): 309–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993310000172.
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To make Asia more economically sustainable and resilient against external shocks, regional economies need to be rebalanced toward regional demand- and trade-driven growth through increased regional connectivity. The effectiveness of this connectivity depends on the quality of hard and soft infrastructure. Of particular importance in terms of soft (facilitating) infrastructure that makes hard (physical) infrastructure work are the facilitating institutions that support connectivity through appropriate policies, reforms, systems, procedures, and through promoting effective coordination and cooperation. Asia has many overlapping subregional institutions involved in national and regional energy, transport, and telecommunications infrastructure connectivity. However, these institutions are characterized as being less effective, informal, and lacking a clear and binding system of rules and policies. To build seamless Asian connectivity, Asia needs an effective, formal, and rules-based institutional framework. The paper presents a new institutional framework for Pan-Asian connectivity together with the organizational structures of two new regional institutional mechanisms, namely the Pan-Asian Infrastructure Forum and the Asian Infrastructure Fund.
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Aleksandrova, Ksenia I., Wendy J. McWilliam i Andreas Wesener. "Status and Future Directions for Residential Street Infrastructure Retrofit Research". Urban Science 3, nr 2 (3.05.2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3020049.
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Residential streets, particularly in automobile-dependent suburban locations, have frequently been perceived as ecologically unsustainable, antisocial, unhealthy, and aesthetically dull from an urban design perspective. However, residential streets can be improved through infrastructure retrofits, particularly by combining green and grey infrastructures and integrating various functions and services. Using a systematic literature review and an adapted landscape services framework, the paper analyses the status of retrofit research and discusses existing composition and spatial integration of green, grey, and green-grey street infrastructure. Findings suggest changing infrastructure compositions in residential streets and a trend toward increased grey and green-grey infrastructure integration. However, functional connectivity is often lacking, and while barriers to implementation have been suggested, few have been tested. While retrofits are potentially able to increase the number and quality of landscape services that support human well-being, more—and possibly longitudinal—research is required to advance and analyze their implementation and provide evidence for their success.
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Ma, Mingxin, i Jing Liang. "Research on the connectivity of port infrastructure along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road". SHS Web of Conferences 192 (2024): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202419201009.
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The connectivity construction of the Maritime Silk Road in the 21st century has created more opportunities for trade and further promoted maritime trade among countries along the route. As an important hub of the maritime connectivity network, the construction of port infrastructure connectivity is of great significance. Taking the port infrastructure of 30 countries along the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road as an example, this paper analyzes the current state of port connectivity construction in China. It identifies that the port infrastructure connectivity between China and Southeast Asia is the most developed and establishes an indicator system for evaluating the potential for port infrastructure connectivity. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA), it is found that Germany, Singapore, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and other countries have relatively high port infrastructure connectivity potential. Finally, suggestions are put forward: China should strengthen the connectivity construction of port infrastructure with Europe and prioritize policy exchanges with Germany to align port development strategies and enhance bilateral maritime trade by establishing complementary trade chains.
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Ciminiera, L., G. Marchetto, F. Risso i L. Torrero. "Distributed connectivity service for a SIP infrastructure". IEEE Network 22, nr 5 (wrzesień 2008): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mnet.2008.4626230.
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Llanto, Gilberto M. "Philippine Infrastructure and Connectivity: Challenges and Reforms". Asian Economic Policy Review 11, nr 2 (lipiec 2016): 243–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12141.
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Karnoto, Suparjito Bin, Wawan Setiawan, Hasan Fauzi, Rizky Anggunani i Dinar Rafikalif. "Connectivity infrastructure and Central Java’s economics performance". Journal of Business and Information Systems (e-ISSN: 2685-2543) 6, nr 1 (5.07.2024): 154–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36067/jbis.v6i1.238.
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This research aims to describe the benefits of developing connectivity infrastructure on economic performance in the Central Java region. The data used in this research are road length, the wide of an area, economic growth, human development index and poverty rate per district/city in Central Java in 2023. By using a Cartesian diagram approach (4 quadrant analysis), a comparison is made between the ratio of road length and the wide of an area with economic growth, comparison between the ratio of road length and the wide of an area with the human development index (HDI) and the comparison between the ratio of road length and the wide of an area with the poverty level to obtain an overview of road infrastructure development and economic performance in Central Java. The research results show that road infrastructure development plays an important role in encouraging increased economic performance in the Central Java region.
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Wang, Jueyu, i Greg Lindsey. "Equity of Bikeway Distribution in Minneapolis, Minnesota". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2605, nr 1 (styczeń 2017): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2605-02.
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Governments and nonprofit organizations are investing in the bicycling infrastructure. However, the benefits of the bicycling infrastructure have not always been distributed equally among neighborhoods, and the equity of the distribution has been a major concern. This study used two measures, the Gini coefficient and the loss of accessibility to jobs via bikeways, to assess both the horizontal and the vertical equity of the bicycling infrastructure's distribution in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Gini coefficients, calculated from Lorenz curves, provide a single flexible measure that allows comparisons within and between groups. Determination of accessibility to jobs via lower-stress bikeway and street networks allows the levels of connectivity via bikeways to be compared for different groups. Minneapolis is making substantial investments in the bicycling infrastructure and was used as a case study because data with which to assess changes in equity over time are available. With use of the block group as the unit of analysis, systemwide analyses of the distribution of bikeways relative to the locations of the population and total employment revealed increases in equity from 2010 to 2014. Comparison of Gini coefficients for all bicycling facilities among different subpopulations demonstrated horizontal inequities within each subgroup as well as indicators of vertical equity for various disadvantaged subgroups. The Gini coefficients revealed inequities in the distribution of urban trails for disadvantaged subpopulations. With the use of 3-mi network buffers, a bikeway penalty, calculated as the loss of job accessibility resulting from the choice to rely on a bikeway rather than on street networks, demonstrated a vertical equity for disadvantaged subgroups. These measures can be used to inform planning for and investments in bicycling facilities and to assess and compare the bicycling infrastructures of cities.
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Norman, Jethro. "‘Kinshipping’: Diasporic infrastructures of connectivity, circulation, and exchange". Geoforum 135 (październik 2022): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2022.08.005.
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Salamatian, Loqman, Scott Anderson, Joshua Matthews, Paul Barford, Walter Willinger i Mark Crovella. "Curvature-based Analysis of Network Connectivity in Private Backbone Infrastructures". ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 50, nr 1 (20.06.2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3547353.3522645.
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The main premise of this work is that since large cloud providers can and do manipulate probe packets that traverse their privately owned and operated backbones, standard traceroute-based measurement techniques are no longer a reliable means for assessing network connectivity in large cloud provider infrastructures. In response to these developments, we present a new empirical approach for elucidating private connectivity in today's Internet. Our approach relies on using only "light-weight" (i.e., simple, easily-interpretable, and readily available) measurements, but requires applying a "heavy-weight" or advanced mathematical analysis. In particular, we describe a new method for assessing the characteristics of network path connectivity that is based on concepts from Riemannian geometry (i.e., Ricci curvature) and also relies on an array of carefully crafted visualizations (e.g., a novel manifold view of a network's delay space). We demonstrate our method by utilizing latency measurements from RIPE Atlas anchors and virtual machines running in data centers of three large cloud providers to (i) study different aspects of connectivity in their private backbones and (ii) show how our manifold-based view enables us to expose and visualize critical aspects of this connectivity over different geographic scales.
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Salamatian, Loqman, Scott Anderson, Joshua Matthews, Paul Barford, Walter Willinger i Mark Crovella. "Curvature-based Analysis of Network Connectivity in Private Backbone Infrastructures". Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 6, nr 1 (24.02.2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3508025.
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The main premise of this work is that since large cloud providers can and do manipulate probe packets that traverse their privately owned and operated backbones, standard traceroute-based measurement techniques are no longer a reliable means for assessing network connectivity in large cloud provider infrastructures. In response to these developments, we present a new empirical approach for elucidating private connectivity in today's Internet. Our approach relies on using only "light-weight" ( i.e., simple, easily-interpretable, and readily available) measurements, but requires applying a "heavy-weight" or advanced mathematical analysis. In particular, we describe a new method for assessing the characteristics of network path connectivity that is based on concepts from Riemannian geometry ( i.e., Ricci curvature) and also relies on an array of carefully crafted visualizations ( e.g., a novel manifold view of a network's delay space). We demonstrate our method by utilizing latency measurements from RIPE Atlas anchors and virtual machines running in data centers of three large cloud providers to (i) study different aspects of connectivity in their private backbones and (ii) show how our manifold-based view enables us to expose and visualize critical aspects of this connectivity over different geographic scales.
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Salamatian, Loqman, Scott Anderson, Joshua Mathews, Paul Barford, Walter Willinger i Mark Crovella. "A Manifold View of Connectivity in the Private Backbone Networks of Hyperscalers". Communications of the ACM 66, nr 8 (25.07.2023): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3604620.
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As hyperscalers such as Google, Microsoft, and Amazon play an increasingly important role in today's Internet, they are also capable of manipulating probe packets that traverse their privately owned and operated backbones. As a result, standard traceroute-based measurement techniques are no longer a reliable means for assessing network connectivity in these global-scale cloud provider infrastructures. In response to these developments, we present a new empirical approach for elucidating connectivity in these private backbone networks. Our approach relies on using only "lightweight" (i.e., simple, easily interpretable, and readily available) measurements, but requires applying "heavyweight" mathematical techniques for analyzing these measurements. In particular, we describe a new method that uses network latency measurements and relies on concepts from Riemannian geometry (i.e., Ricci curvature) to assess the characteristics of the connectivity fabric of a given network infrastructure. We complement this method with a visualization tool that generates a novel manifold view of a network's delay space. We demonstrate our approach by utilizing latency measurements from available vantage points and virtual machines running in datacenters of three large cloud providers to study different aspects of connectivity in their private backbones and show how our generated manifold views enable us to expose and visualize critical aspects of this connectivity.
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Bolliger, Janine, i Janet Silbernagel. "Contribution of Connectivity Assessments to Green Infrastructure (GI)". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, nr 4 (30.03.2020): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9040212.
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A major goal of green infrastructure (GI) is to provide functional networks of habitats and ecosystems to maintain biodiversity long-term, while at the same time optimizing landscape and ecosystem functions and services to meet human needs. Traditionally, connectivity studies are informed by movement ecology with species-specific attributes of the type and timing of movement (e.g., dispersal, foraging, mating) and movement distances, while spatial environmental data help delineate movement pathways across landscapes. To date, a range of methods and approaches are available that (a) are relevant across any organism and movement type independent of time and space scales, (b) are ready-to-use as standalone freeware or custom GIS implementation, and (c) produce appealing visual outputs that facilitate communication with land managers. However, to enhance the robustness of connectivity assessments and ensure that current trends in connectivity modeling contribute to GI with their full potential, common denominators on which to ground planning and design strategies are required. Likewise, comparable, repeatable connectivity assessments will be needed to put results of these scientific tools into practice for multi-functional GI plans and implementation. In this paper, we discuss use and limitations of state-of-the-art connectivity methods in contributing to GI implementation.
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Corici, Marius, Pousali Chakraborty i Thomas Magedanz. "A Study of 5G Edge-Central Core Network Split Options". Network 1, nr 3 (20.12.2021): 354–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/network1030020.
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With the wide adoption of edge compute infrastructures, an opportunity has arisen to deploy part of the functionality at the edge of the network to enable a localized connectivity service. This development is also supported by the adoption of “on-premises” local 5G networks addressing the needs of different vertical industries and by new standardized infrastructure services such as Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). This article introduces a comprehensive set of deployment options for the 5G network and its network management, complementing MEC with the connectivity service and addressing different classes of use cases and applications. We have also practically implemented and tested the newly introduced options in the form of slices within a standard-based testbed. Our performed validation proved their feasibility and gave a realistic perspective on their impact. The qualitative assessment of the connectivity service gives a comprehensive overview on which solution would be viable to be deployed for each vertical market and for each large-scale operator situation, making a step forward towards automated distributed 5G deployments.
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Correa, Juan, Felipe Ulloa-Leon, Francisco Vergara-Perucich, Carlos Aguirre-Nuñez i Ricardo Truffello. "Infrastructural inequality: exploring the emergence of digital classes in the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, Chile". Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, nr 62 (30.12.2023): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2023-0037.
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This paper examines the digital divide in the city of Santiago, Chile. The research uses the density of mobile phone antennas as a proxy for digital infrastructure. The findings show that there is a strong correlation between the density of mobile phone antennas and socio-economic status. Areas with higher incomes and more mobile phone antennas have better Internet connectivity than areas with lower incomes and fewer mobile phone antennas. The objective is to shed light on the power dynamics and invisible networks that shape the configuration of infrastructures, highlighting the need for equitable access to the digital world as a fundamental democratic right. The conclusions indicate that communication infrastructures are unevenly distributed and that the transition from analogue to smart cities risks exacerbating social inequalities. Rectifying these disparities is essential to avoid leaving the most vulnerable behind in technological transitions.
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Savic, Selena. "Designing for Connectivity: Rethinking the Interaction with the Built Environment and Wireless Communication Infrastructure". Interaction Design and Architecture(s), nr 32 (20.03.2017): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.55612/s-5002-032-004.
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In this article, we present research on the design of buildings that respond to the performance of wireless networks by use of different materials and human-building interfaces. We discuss the way buildings accommodate propagation of wireless signals and different techniques to make this propagation more relevant to the use and experience of space. Early ubiquitous computing research proposed seamful design of interfaces and services as a way to promote embodied interaction and agency of the user. Contemporary approach to the design of seams aims to promote legibility of interactions with infrastructures. These interactions include connection, use, and quantification of wireless network performance. We review the work in architectural design that specifically addresses building permeability to electromagnetic radiation. We also examine electrical engineering research that explores the development and possible uses of frequency-selective surfaces in buildings. As a result, we make two proposals for the use of wireless networking infrastructure to promote location aware services and the design of connectivity-selective interiors. These proposals incite the rethinking of design and interaction with the built environment in terms of communication infrastructure that it relies on.
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Ahmad, Muhammad Shakeel. "CPEC and Politics of Infrastructural Development". Global Social Sciences Review III, nr IV (30.12.2018): 662–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2018(iii-iv).45.
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China-Pakistan's economic corridor provides a strategic link to Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI) and its global outreach. The infrastructural connectivity between China and Pakistan is primarily focused on the trade route to get access in the markets of theMiddle East, Europe, and Africa. In the context of CPEC,what does infrastructure mean? What does it reflect/represent? And to whom is it? Are the major questions that have been explored in this paper.Infrastructural development encompasses a holistic social sphere that relates to physical and institutional structures. It also facilitates the flow of commodities, including capita land sources of production. After the 9/11 incident, Pakistan became a front line state against the war on terror; then, its internal and external factors compelled Pakistan towards Chinese-led infrastructural development to consolidate State power. This paper is an attempt to explore the politics of infrastructure development in the context of CPEC. The findings are based on empirical evidence with strong insights from a theoretical framework. Positivist, post positivist, and critical approaches have been used to explore the relationship between CPEC and the politics of infrastructural development.
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Simonsen Abildgaard, Mette, Carina Ren, Israel Leyva-Mayorga, Cedomir Stefanovic, Beatriz Soret i Petar Popovski. "Arctic Connectivity: A Frugal Approach to Infrastructural Development". ARCTIC 75, nr 1 (14.03.2022): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic74869.
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As the Arctic is heating up, so are efforts to strengthen connectivity within the region, enhance the connections from remote settlements to the global networks of trade, and increase sociality. With global interest in the Arctic on the rise, it becomes increasingly relevant to ensure that investments in Arctic infrastructure actually serve the people of the Arctic, while promoting industrial and commercial innovation in the region through widespread access to broadband and Internet of things (IoT) services. This challenge calls for interdisciplinary research strategies that are able to connect and integrate technological and societal approaches, which are commonly applied in isolation from one another. In this article, we propose an interdisciplinary collaborative research agenda for Arctic connectivity. Drawing on examples from Greenland, we stress the need for localized knowledge to design valuable and cost-effective connectivity solutions that cover the needs for everyday life and may also provide a new set of collaborative connectivity tools for innovation at an international level. Such solutions, termed “frugal connectivity,” are vital for the development of connected Arctic communities.
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Tahmasebi, Farrokh. "The Digital Divide: A Qualitative Study of Technology Access in Rural Communities". AI and Tech in Behavioral and Social Sciences 1, nr 2 (2023): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/kman.aitech.1.2.6.
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This study aimed to explore the nature and implications of the digital divide in rural communities, identifying the key barriers to digital access and utilization. It sought to understand the socioeconomic, educational, and infrastructural factors contributing to the divide and to propose targeted interventions for bridging the gap. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 20 participants from various rural communities. The interviews were designed to capture in-depth insights into participants' experiences with digital access and usage. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify common themes and patterns related to the digital divide. The study revealed that economic barriers, inadequate educational resources, and insufficient infrastructure significantly hinder digital access in rural areas. Economic challenges include the affordability of devices and services, while educational barriers encompass both the availability of digital literacy programs and the reliance on schools for digital access. Infrastructure issues, notably internet connectivity and reliability, further exacerbate the digital divide. Additionally, the study highlighted the importance of tailored financial and educational services to support rural communities. Bridging the digital divide in rural communities requires a multifaceted approach that addresses economic, educational, and infrastructural barriers. Targeted policy interventions and collaborative efforts between stakeholders are crucial for enhancing digital inclusion and ensuring equitable access to technology for rural populations. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies that go beyond improving connectivity to foster meaningful digital engagement and utilization.
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Dang, Thuy T., Thi Oanh Nguyen, Ngoc Diem Tran i Duc Trung Nguyen. "Transport Infrastructure Connectivity Through the Mekong–India Economic Corridor: A Case Study of India and Vietnam". FOCUS: Journal of International Business 9, nr 1 (2022): 22–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17492/jpi.focus.v9i1.912202.
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Transport infrastructure connectivity plays an important role in promoting trade between two countries, and creates an impetus for economic development and international cooperation. A synchronous, modern, flexible and appropriate transport infrastructure connectivity system promotes trade, boosts productivity and efficiency of cooperation, and promotes linkages between countries. The Mekong–India Economic Corridor (MIEC) is considered a bridge between India and the Mekong sub-region, including the CLMV countries (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam). Despite the position of an end point in the connectivity system, Vietnam is an important factor in India’s Look East strategy. Enhancing transport infrastructure connectivity through the MIEC will help promote Vietnam–India comprehensive strategic partnership effectively. The paper, based on objective assessment, presents an in-depth perspective on the transport infrastructure connectivity between Vietnam and India through the MIEC and figures out the bottlenecks in connectivity, cooperation and development between the two countries.
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Ahthasham, Saira, Aftab Ahmed Shaikh, Muhammad Iqbal, Ahtsham Sajid i Amir Shahzad. "Socio Technical Impact of Broadband Services in Baluchistan". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 1, nr 2 (21.05.2012): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v1i2.76.
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Broadband infrastructure is a key component of knowledge economy. Broadband service both on fixed and mobile networks are becoming an indicator of the knowledge economy. Globally it is viewed that countries with developed broadband infrastructures are working more efficiently and effectively towards social and economic growth. To achieve worldwide broadband connectivity level Government of Pakistan and industry must play a combine role for the betterment and improvement of the said industry. Government and market players must come up with innovative broadband packages that can capture the customer demand. This paper analysis market trends, customer expectation and socio-technical impact of broadband service in Baluchistan.
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R., Dr RajaGanapathi. "Emergency Communication System for Hills and Forest Region Using IOT". International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security 10, nr 04 (30.04.2024): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijiris.2024.v1003.13.
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This project presents an innovative approach to establishing robust communication systems in remote areas devoid of traditional network infrastructure. By harnessing the power of IoT and LoRa technology, the project proposes a Long Distance Communication System that not only facilitates connectivity but also supports critical emergency evacuation procedures. The cornerstone of this system is the LoRa Mesh Library, which enables a decentralized network topology, ensuring seamless communication even in the most challenging environments via ad hoc network. The project further explores QoS routing and traffic scheduling within 802.11 wireless mesh networks to guarantee consistent and quality communication links over long distances. Additionally, it integrates Secure IT, a security framework utilizing Firebase, Google Map, and Node.js, to provide real-time location-based alerts, enhancing the safety of individuals in emergency situations.Thisabstractencapsulatestheproject’smultifacetedapproach to overcoming the limitations of current communication infrastructures, offering a scalable, secure, and efficient solution that has the potential to revolutionize connectivity in isolated regions worldwide.
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Murdyantoro, Eko, Ridlo Setiawan, Imron Rosyadi, Azis WW Nugraha, Hesti Susilawati i Yogi Ramadhani. "Prototype weather station uses LoRa wireless connectivity infrastructure". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1367 (listopad 2019): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1367/1/012089.
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Gorman, Sean P., i Angela McIntee. "Tethered Connectivity? The Spatial Distribution of Wireless Infrastructure". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 35, nr 7 (lipiec 2003): 1157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a35255.
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At current growth rates, the number of wireless subscribers will surpass that of fixed telephones in the middle of the first decade of the 21st century. This fundamental shift in telecommunications has led many to believe that wireless technologies will break the ‘tyranny of geography’, help close the digital divide between core and periphery locations, and allow firms to be more footloose. This paper will examine the spatial distribution of wireless infrastructure in the United States to determine if the core–periphery relationship of cities is altered by wireless technologies. To do so the analysis will compare wireless infrastructure with Internet infrastructure and telephone switch infrastructure with a focus on data infrastructure in all three categories. The infrastructure datasets will be then compared with population distributions to determine their impacts on a spatial digital divide. The results of the study will provide a snapshot of the geography of wireless technologies, a comparison with other terrestrial communications, and insight into the policy of infrastructure delivery.