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Tubridy, Daniel. "Redesigning urban infrastructures : new infrastructure design imaginaries and practices". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2019. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22841/.
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According to Rubio and Fogué (2013, 1039), cities are witnessing a "technological and infrastructural invasion" associated with new low-carbon and sustainable technologies. In this context, infrastructure has (re-)emerged as a topic of debate in design theory and practice. One strand of this debate which, the thesis argues, constitutes a new infrastructure design imaginary suggests that new infrastructures should be designed as "multifunctional" systems, taking account of potential ecological, aesthetic and cultural benefits. It is suggested that design could facilitate new affective relationships between people, infrastructures and ecological systems, thereby contributing to sustainability. Now that new approaches to design are being adopted in some places and circumstances, there is an opportunity to investigate their assumptions, logics and effects and whose interpretation of design and aesthetics is given legitimacy. As such, the overall aim of this thesis was to explore contemporary meanings and practices of infrastructure design. This has encompassed an investigation of what types of infrastructure are being designed, what model of design is adopted and who the "infrastructure designer" mobilised might be. Evidence has been collected in two stages through a total of 42 interviews, first, in a scoping phase with a sample of infrastructure design professionals and, second, in two case studies of stormwater design, Hans Tavsens Park and Korsgade in Copenhagen and "Grey to Green" in Sheffield. The case studies explore where, how and why new visions of infrastructure design are being realised and describes the actors, institutions and agendas which influence the infrastructure design process. The key finding of the case study research is that understanding infrastructure design visions and practices requires exploring the material, institutional and economic context for design. Investigation of the context for design demonstrates that seemingly avant-garde design strategies have, in both cases, become implicated in socially-exclusive processes of transformation. Overall, the research foregrounds and explores an under-researched and under-valued dimension of urban development. It establishes a conceptual framework to guide future research in a field that is likely to become more important. Its key contribution is to provide new perspectives and in-depth analysis of both contemporary visions of infrastructure design and on the infrastructure design process.
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Zurawski, Maciej. "An infrastructure mechanism for dynamic ontology-based knowledge infrastructures". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3291.
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Both semantic web applications and individuals are in need of knowledge infrastructures that can be used in dynamic and distributed environments where autonomous entities create knowledge and build their own view of a domain. The prevailing view today is that the process of ontology evolution is difficult to monitor and control, so few efforts have been made to support such a controlled process formally involving several ontologies. The new paradigm we propose is to use an infrastructure mechanism that processes ontology change proposals from autonomous entities while maintaining user-defined consistency between the ontologies of these entities. This makes so called semantic autonomy possible. A core invention of our approach is to formalise consistency constraints as so called spheres of consistency that define 1) knowledge regions within which consistency is maintained and 2) a variable degree of proof-bounded consistency within these regions. Our infrastructure formalism defines a protocol and its computational semantics, as well as a model theory and proof theory for the reasoning layer of the mechanism. The conclusion of this thesis is that this new paradigm is possible and beneficial, assuming that the knowledge representation is kept simple, the ontology evolution operations are kept simple and one proposal is processed at a time.
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Lukens, Jonathan. "DIY infrastructure". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47634.
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This document investigates a set of projects I call DIY Infrastructure, in which designers are building alternative infrastructural systems. Through these projects, new actors-often non-experts-reveal and re-imagine long-established social and technological relationships which were previously off limits to them. These projects are significant to the study of design and digital media for the following reasons:
First, they detail a new area of design. The designers of DIY infrastructure present an expansion of the scope of design coupled with a nuanced and almost paradoxical understanding of infrastructure as an intractable and exceedingly complex problem. At the same time, their work reveals the extensive social and political effects of existing design decisions-the far-reaching consequences of the design decisions which formed existing infrastructure. These decisions are in play across a variety of scales of time and space, affecting individual bodies as much as continental ecosystems, and shaping personal behavior as much as global commerce and trade.
Second, they expand the scope of digital media studies. Digital media studies often overlook infrastructure, in spite of their interdependence. Digital media are involved in areas including the control and monitoring of the electrical system, the treatment and movement of water and sewage, and the routing of freight through intermodal shipping systems. The study of DIY infrastructure design, and infrastructure more broadly, exposes the role of digital media in shaping these overlooked aspects of modern life. There is an invisible relationship between digital media, infrastructure, and political authority, and it includes the interdependence of infrastructure and the contingent nature of our ongoing reliance on these complex sociotechnical systems.
For example, Cloacina is the project of two activists developing a new municipal waste disposal system in which a decentralized networked system significantly lessens the amount of water used in processing human waste. Another project, Feral Trade Courier, employs the sort of shipping database we might associate with FedEx or UPS to facilitate an alternative shipping infrastructure, in which volunteers transport goods in an ad hoc freight network.
I begin by surveying and defining DIY practice, delineating the properties of infrastructure, and determining the ways that those properties and practices can be augmented or diminished by the affordances of digital media. Next, I review the attributes that these DIY infrastructure projects share before revealing their significance through in-depth case studies. Finally, each of these case studies highlights a particular lesson from DIY infrastructure. Feral Trade Courier exposes the role of the social and the subjective in the design of logistics systems. Village Telco and Fluid Nexus show us that the relationship between established infrastructure and DIY infrastructure can be both complementary and antagonistic. Cloacina provides us an example of a way that DIY infrastructure might scale up and effect lasting sociotechnical change.
Whether motivated to reveal or overcome dependence on infrastructure, address flaws in its design, or correct externalities generated by its use, new designers have begun to engage with the problem of infrastructure in new ways. This document analyzes these design projects through a series of case studies, synthesizing a new perspective on the study of infrastructure through design and on the scope of digital media research along the way.
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Kurlbaum, Ryan E. (Ryan Edward). "Social infrastructure". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82164.
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Thesis (S.M. in Architecture Studies)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-123).
Current urbanization patterns and aging transportation infrastructures have marginalized millions of US citizens. The result is that 4 .5 million US residents live within 100 meters of a four-lane highway' and have become hound to communities, which endure social hardship and environmental detriment. For too long, the physical form of the city has taken a relaxed position on these endangered and often hazardous urban edges. Considering the social, spatial and environmental conditions. the central argument of this thesis is that architecture built along major transportation corridors must respond to the scale of the infrastructure itself Dense concentrations of pollution and rising transient populations (homeless, working poor and chronically unemployed) surrounding transportation infrastructure call for a new approach to contemporary urbanism. The thesis Social Infrastructure investigates an elevated 3/4 mile stretch of highway 1-93 in South Boston - an infrastructural remnant of the 14.6 billion dollar Big Dig'. TIle elevated highway built in 1955, has formed a number of under-utilized and vacant sites along and under the 1-93 corridor. This thesis explores a new mode of urbanism, which leverages policy, urban design, landscape, and architecture to embrace the infrastructural scale and to demonstrate new potential for this bleak urban condition. The result is a set of three hybrid architecture and landscape typologies which seek to resolve social inequity, reuse infrastructural space, and remediate environmental conditions.
by Ryan E. Kurlbaum.
S.M.in Architecture Studies
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Bird, Julia. "Essays on the Economics of Infrastructure and Public Investment". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10054.
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Dans cette thèse, je présente trois essais qui traitent de diverses questions liées aux investissements publics. Tout d'abord, dans le premier chapitre, est examiné l'impact des politiques de Partenariats Publics-Privés. Les gouvernements et organisations internationales promeuvent souvent les Partenariats Publics-Privés comme moyen de limiter les investissements en infrastructure entrepris à des fins électorales. Utilisant un modèle théorique simple, je montre que cet avantage des Partenariats Publics-Privés n’est pas, en fait, vérifié. Trois types de contrats de Partenariat Public-Privé potentiels sont présentés et les problématiques liées à chaque type de contrat sont mis en évidence. Dans le deuxième chapitre, un travail en collaboration avec Margaret Leighton (TSE), j'examine les transferts intergouvernementaux au Brésil et me demande si ceux-ci conduisent à une augmentation des dépenses gouvernementales locales ou au contraire s’ils les évincent. J'utilise une variation exogène du niveau des transferts qu'une municipalité reçoit pour prouver que, contrairement à la théorie de l’évincement des dépenses locales, le gouvernement local augmente les recettes fiscales suite à une augmentation des transferts et déclenche à son tour des dépenses locales, et en particulier des dépenses d’investissement. Cet effet varie selon la richesse de la municipalité, les municipalités les plus pauvres augmentant notamment leurs dépenses sociales, mais pas selon le pouvoir politique de l'administration municipale locale. Je constate également qu'une augmentation des dépenses locales due aux transferts a des effets directs sur les ressources éducatives, indiquant que l'argent reçu par l'intermédiaire de ce canal n’est pas dépensé inefficacement.Enfin, dans le troisième chapitre, laissant de côté les décisions politiques inhérentes au processus de provision d'infrastructures, j'examine les résultats d'un tel investissement. En collaboration avec Stéphane Straub (TSE), nous utilisons une expérience naturelle, la construction d'une nouvelle capitale au Brésil, Brasilia, et la construction ultérieure d'autoroutes radiales qui la connectent à des villes importantes préexistantes, pour montrer que la construction d'autoroutes a un impact substantiel sur le PIB et les populations. Ces effets sont hétérogènes ; selon que la municipalité nouvellement raccordée se connecte à une ville industrialisée, plus riche, bien desservie, ou à uneville plus pauvre et moins développée, les effets sont différents. Dans le nord, de nouvelles autoroutes conduisent à une augmentation du PIB et de la population des municipalités près de l'autoroute, parce que ces zones accèdent à des marchés plus vastes et deviennent des centres secondaires de l'activité économique. Dans le sud, cependant, pour les municipalités à quelques centaines de kilomètres de leur capitale d'Etat, une nouvelle connexion réduit le PIB et la population, car l'activité économique se déplace vers les grandes agglomérations préexistantesIn this thesis, I provide three essays which address various issues related public investment. Firstly, in chapter one, I look at the impact of politics on the use of Public-Private Partnerships. I use a simple theoretical model to show that while international organisations and governments globally often promote Public-Private Partnerships as a means to limit pork barrel politics in infrastructure investments, this assumed advantage of Public-Private Partnerships does not in fact exist. I discuss different types of potential Public-Private Partnership contracts, and show in turn the issues with each of these contract types. In the second chapter, joint work with Margaret Leighton (TSE) I examine intergovernmental transfers in Brazil, and whether these lead to increases in local level government spending or whether they crowd-out local expenditures. I use exogenous variation in the level of transfer a municipality receives to find that as opposed to the theory of crowding-out, increased transfers actually lead to crowding in; the local government increases tax revenues following an increase in transfers, and in turn raises spending, particularly capital spending. This effect varies according to the wealth of the municipality, with poorer municipalities increasing particularly their social spending, however it notably does not vary according to the political power of the local municipal government. I also observe that increased local spending through transfers has direct effects on local outcomes, indicating that money received through this channel is not lost to inefficiencies in spending. This is documented in educational spending and resultant outcomes. Finally in chapter three, leaving the political decisions involved in infrastructure provision aside, I examine the outcomes of such investment. In joint work with Stéphane Straub (TSE), we use a natural experiment, the building of a new capital in Brazil, Brasília, and the subsequent construction of radial highways to connect it to pre-existing important towns, to show that the building of highways has substantial impacts on GDP and populations. These effects are heterogeneous, and in Brazil the effects vary according to whether the newly connected municipality connects to an industrialised, richer, well-serviced city, or a poorer, less developed city. In the North, new highway connections lead to increased GDP and populations for municipalities near the highway, as these areas gain access to wider markets and become secondary centres of economic activity. In theSouth, however, for municipalities within a few hundred kilometres of their state capital, a new highway connection leads to reduced GDP and population, as economic activity appears to shift towards the major pre-existing agglomerations. These centres are large and developed enough to have substantial economic activity and widespread provision of local services
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Blood, Jessica, i jessica blood@rushwright com. "Landscape as Infrastructure". RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080130.095737.
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This research is an investigation into the phrase 'landscape as infrastructure' and questions the influence of this notion in the design of new housing developments along the Maribyrnong River, Melbourne. The phrase lends itself to a systems based agenda because the word 'infrastructure' implies that it performs some kind of function. It is through this functioning that we can understand the way landscape acts as a stage for activities to occur, not just background to the object. The main question within the research is how landscape can precede housing development and set the parameters for its location, density, and relationship to the river. This is tested through four overriding themes which summarise the key ideas and methodologies for designing with landscape as infrastructure. The themes 'Catalyst', 'Time', 'Cause and Effect' and 'Experience' are tested on four different sites along the Maribyrnong River responding to different site conditions and the influence of geology and topography. The four sites have been named to reflect the primary function they perform within the overall strategy. To establish a framework for this discourse the research has been filtered through seven principals, originally developed by Stan Allen as a series of propositions for infrastructure. These principals question issues of force, process, typology, scale, invisible form, structure, function and change and visible form and set up a mechanism enabling me to challenge the notion of landscape as infrastructure. If the landscape is infrastructure then Allen's principals will also apply for the design of housing developments. This Appropriate Visual Record (AVR) is a selection of research material and design solutions developed over the last three years as part of the Research Masters Degree at RMIT.
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Cai, Guan Yan. "IP infrastructure geolocation". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45165.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedPhysical network maps are important to critical infrastructure defense and planning. Current state-of-the-art network infrastructure geolocation relies on Domain Name System (DNS) inferences. However, not only is using the DNS relatively in accurate for infrastructure geolocation, many router interfaces lack DNS name entries. We adapt the technique of Wang et al. to send trace route probes from distributed vantage points, and approximate a target’s location by finding the nearest landmark. To evaluate the technique’s performance, we geolocate router interfaces previously geolocated via DNS-based router positioning (DRoP). Our results show that 50% of the targets have error distances greater than 2,400 km; however, 75% of the nearest landmark predictions are less than 5 ms distant. We find that geolocation accuracy is insensitive to vantage point location, while the use of more vantage points improves accuracy. To better understand these results, we use Constraint-based Geolocation (CBG) on a subset of DRoP predictions. Forty-six percent of 4,638 DRoP location inferences are in regions outside the feasible physical boundaries imposed by CBGand 56% are 1,800 km away from the CBG centroid. Our findings suggest that our methodology can supplement prior work to not only geolocate infrastructure without DNS names, but also improve accuracy.
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Shwani, Hazim G. "Critical infrastructure protection". Thesis, Utica College, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1555605.
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This research study focused on identifying the protection of critical infrastructures and enhancing cybersecurity. The most recent cyber practice that is in place to protect critical infrastructures was also explored. From the literature review, it was concluded there are security loopholes in critical infrastructures. The study also uncovered that the federal government uses the newest cybersecurity tools, but does not share cyber vulnerabilities and risks with the private sector operating the infrastructures. The study also included an in-depth examination of Congressional documents pertaining to cybersecurity. However, it concluded that implementing rules and regulations is an ardouous step for the US Congress due to conflicts of interest. Finaly, the studied uncovered robust training, information sharing, and a contingency plan as the DHS's strategy to adapt to cyber threats that are emerging. Key Words: Critical Infrastructure, Cybersecurity.
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Raven, Paul Graham. "Making infrastructure legible". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22772/.
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This thesis represents the development and pilot application of a novel methodology for the speculative qualitative assessment (or "prototyping") of new infrastructural systems. Its core aim and guiding principle is to make infrastructure legible: to reveal and narrate its role in everyday life from a more human perspective than that of the paradigmatic technology-focussed approach. Or, more simply, the project aims to understand how infrastructures develop, how they evolve and entangle over time. The methodology is centred on a novel model of sociotechnical change, known as the infrastructural trialectic. The trialectic makes a unique relational distinction between infrastructural systems and the technologies through which infrastructural functions are accessed, traces vectors of influence between focal actors in the model, and provides a framework for mapping the articulatory institutions which are enrolled in the formation and mutation of infrastructural assemblages. The methodology has two modes of application: the historical mode, and the speculative. In the historical mode, the trialectic model becomes the lens of a situated longue duree analysis which explores the historical dynamics of sociotechnical change in the assemblages underpinning a particular everyday practice. In the speculative mode, the findings from the historical mode are used as the basis for an extrapolative and speculative analysis of a novel technological intervention into the practice previously analysed. Drawing on techniques from strategic foresight and critical design, the prospective technology is "prototyped" against the context of a suite of four divergent near-future scenarios, so as to "stress test" the plausibility of its deployment under difficult circumstances. This thesis presents and applies a novel model of sociotechnical change, and in doing so demonstrates that the shortcomings of paradigmatic models of change might be addressed through such an approach. It further demonstrates a unique hybrid method for the assessment and critique of new technologies and practices alike, which provides a more human perspective upon infrastructure (and indeed upon change itself) than prevailing approaches to assessment.
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Eid, Serge Emile. "Financing infrastructure projects". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43894.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2008.Leaf 82 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-81).
Infrastructure is of great importance to the development and economic growth of communities. Due to the increased demand on sophisticated infrastructure, governments' budgets are not anymore able to satisfy this growing need. The role of the private sector in infrastructure finance is essential, and the amount of private investments in infrastructure projects has been dramatically increasing over the last few years. Public Private Partnerships, Private Finance Initiatives, and Alternative Service Delivery methods are becoming the trends for procuring infrastructure, and by relying on Project Finance, the private sector is more willing to be involved in these projects. These methods, combined with effective risk management techniques, would provide a solution to the decreasing governments' budget. Meanwhile, the construction experience, operation efficiency, and financial capabilities of the private sector may be a way to relieve governments from the burden of infrastructure development.
by Serge Emile Eid.
M.Eng.
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Pipinis, Justas. "Art as Infrastructure". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Socialantropologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-134954.
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This paper seeks to describe and explain the social efficacy of art by addressing it as contemporary western infrastructure for social cohesion. Social cohesion refers here not to teleological status quo, but to pluralistic, yet fairly peaceful co-habitation, allowing for gradual change while preserving continuity of the group identity. Employing Actor-Network Theory, this paper views artistic practice as actor-network assemblage process making connections and vehicles that enable movement of ideas, values, visions and dissents throughout the community. Parallel memberships of the same actors in artistic and non-artistic actor-networks create conditions for artistic meanings to “bleed over” also into other spheres of the social life where they can gain efficacy far beyond the “art world”. Art infrastructure operates under particular “regime of art” that suspends some of the “real world” rules and sanctions ambiguity, facilitating less confrontational reconciliation of diverse and contradictory meanings than is customary in e.g. science, religion, politics, economy, railways, sewage or other infrastructures that also have impact on social cohesion. Debates about the definitions of “art” or particular objects’ belonging to “art” emerge in this perspective as debates on the scope of applicability of the “regime of art”, as it may have significant social consequences. By outlining an infrastructural theory of art this paper seeks to fill a theoretical gap in a rather fragmented field of anthropology of art and to propose novel ways to deploy insights from anthropological engagements with infrastructure. Empirical data of this paper come from a five weeks fieldwork in Alaska.
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Ståhl, Björn. "Monitoring Infrastructure Affordances". Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00544.
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Computing has made its way into most of our lives as a key processor of vast quantities of information. This has happened directly in terms of gadgets and devices that assists us in everyday life, but also indirectly, through the critical infrastructures that enables these devices to function. A key issue with critical infrastructures such as transportation, communication, power-grids and finance, is increasingly circular interdependencies. Because of this issue, a disruption in either one can cascade and have a global effect on the others. To manage these complexities, we are depending on a number of monitoring systems that allow operators and other stakeholders to, within their respective expert domains, discover disruptions as early as possible and then take appropriate actions. These monitoring systems are not without challenges of their own. In addition to having evolved organically alongside their respective infrastructures, there is a considerable legacy to account for, with both hardware and software components spanning decades of computing history. This puts heavy restrictions on the kinds of interventions that can be performed safely, implying that these systems are ill fit for handling the software and software security landscapes of today, where updates and adjustments need to be applied on a daily basis in order to stand a fighting chance. The work presented herein address some of the major challenges in securing these monitoring systems against current and future threats posed by antagonistic actors, dormant software defects and changes imposed by technological advances and academic discoveries. This is approached on several fronts in parallel: by embedding resilience in order to allow for controlled experimentation and evaluation of new protection mechanisms in incrementally sensitive settings; by developing laboratory facilities for resilient smart power-grids; and by developing tools and training scenarios for operators of adaptive and reconfigurable monitoring systems.
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Teixeira, David José Miranda. "Telecommunications infrastructure sharing". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/18716.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e TelecomunicaçõesAs telecomunicações móveis têm enfrentado enormes desafios em todo o mundo, com especial ênfase nos países emergentes. A sua crescente importância para o crescimento das economias dos países tornam a sua presença essencial num mundo cada vez mais global e tecnológico. A partilha de infraestruturas de telecomunicações torna a implementação de comunicações móveis numa dada região ou país mais facilitada. No caso de Moçambique, que é dos países mais pobres do mundo, a partilha seria uma estratégia interessante de forma a permitir um rápido crescimento dos serviços de telecomunicações. Neste projeto, foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta que auxilia o estudo tecno-económico de cenários de partilha de infraestruturas de telecomunicações. Esta ferramenta permitiu assim criar cenários para a realidade Moçambicana. Esta dissertação pretende contribuir para o desenvolvimento da área das telecomunicações em mercados emergentes.
Mobile telecommunications have been facing a vast number of challenges across the globe, with special emphasis on emerging countries. Their increasing importance for economic growth of countries make the presence of infrastructure essential in a progressively more global and technological world. Sharing telecommunication infrastructures can facilitate the implementation of mobile communications in a giving region or country. In the case of Mozambique, one of the poorest country of the world, a sharing strategy could potentially allow for a rapid expansion of telecommunication services. In this work project, a tool that supports the techno-economic study of scenarios of telecommunication infrastructure sharing was developed. Through this mechanism, scenarios that consider the Mozambican’s reality have been set up. This dissertation aims then to contribute to the development of the telecommunications sector in emerging markets.
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Sarkar, Dipanwita. "Nanopass compiler infrastructure". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337263.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Computer Science, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 29, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-12, Section: B, page: 7627. Adviser: R. Kent Dybvig.
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Patel, Shwetak Naran. "Infrastructure mediated sensing". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24829.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Abowd, Gregory; Committee Member: Edwards, Keith; Committee Member: Grinter, Rebecca; Committee Member: LaMarca, Anthony; Committee Member: Starner, Thad.
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Holmes, Matthew. "Water infrastructure vulnerability due to dependency on third party infrastructure sectors". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3036.
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Society is critically dependent on water networks to provide a safe and reliable supply of clean water. Water companies must balance the requirement for very high levels of reliability with the need to protect the customer from excessive bills. This, in turn, requires them to assess the entire range of risks including low probability, high impact events. Water companies are confident when estimating the risk of failure due to natural hazards affecting their own systems but they are less certain assessing how failures in third party infrastructure could affect their services. For example, 1 500 homes in Cumbria lost their water supply in 2005 due to power cuts caused by flooding and strong winds. This highlights the need for better methods to help water companies assess these risks and their options for managing them. Current risk assessments rely heavily on the expertise, experience and intuition of companies’ employees. However, the interactions between different infrastructure networks create complex systems which can behave unpredictably and leave customers vulnerable to unanticipated consequences. Previous academic studies have been hampered by limited data and therefore have mainly used coarse resolution models which simulate only the high-level performance of idealized networks. This thesis has improved on this situation by developing more realistic models of water systems and their dependencies. Two real-world case studies have been used to explore their potential as aids to inform better decision making. The first model assesses the likelihood and consequence of third party infrastructure failures causing water supply interruptions. It draws on catastrophe modelling techniques used in the insurance industry and is composed of three elements: i) a hazard model producing synthetic but realistic time series of wind, temperature and rainfall; ii) a suite of fragility curves describing the susceptibility of highways, electricity, telecommunications and water facilities to these hazards; and iii) a set of network models to explore the impact of individual facility failures on the availability of water supplies. ii The model is implemented for a real-water distribution network where dependence on external infrastructure systems was found to cause an expected loss of 9.9 minutes per property per year. In isolation, electricity, telecommunications and transport respectively make up 75%, 11% and 0% of the total risk. The remaining 14% results from interactions between these sectors. It is argued that these failure modes are unlikely to be identified using existing risk assessment methods. While the first model provides a quantitative and probabilistic risk assessment, its complicated nature makes interpreting the results challenging and limits the number of scenarios that can be investigated. The second model takes a different approach and focuses upon identifying low probability, high impact events. The hazard model and fragility curves are replaced by the UK Cabinet Office’s ‘reasonable worst case scenarios’, and a simpler stocks and flow model takes the place of the hydraulic network models but maintains the representation of the network structure and components. The results provide insight into how, where and why water supplies are vulnerable to failures in third party sectors. They show that dependencies can dramatically increase vulnerability (in one case the loss of power to an emergency pumping station causes 6 million property hours without supply). Equally, an inland flooding scenario shows that simple solutions such as installing a connection for a mobile generator can significantly reduce vulnerabilities. The methods developed in this research make a significant contribution to closing the gap between existing theoretical studies of dependency and the requirements of infrastructure providers to improve the resilience of real systems. The first model provides a probabilistic assessment of risk that enables infrastructure providers to prioritise investment. The second model identifies the full range of vulnerabilities and investigates the sensitivity of the outputs to model parameters and inputs.
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Van, den Heever Annemie. "Field public space infrastructure". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02162007-161618.
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Brodehser, Peter. "Quo Vadis Infrastructure Financing?" Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6873/.
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1. Introduction
2. The project finance market in 2006/2007
3. Areas affected by the global financial crisis
4. Areas affected by the euro financial crisis
5. Basel III and the consequences for infrastructure financing
6. Outlook – Where do we go from here?
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Nilsson, John-Olof. "Infrastructure-free pedestrian localization". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Signalbehandling, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-133443.
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Knowledge of your own and other's positions are frequently a prerequisite for acting, leading others, and interacting in and with the environment; to retrieve relevant information and to process and interpret it; and to understand, compile, and learn from observations of the surrounding and its dynamics. This holds for humans as well as for machines and systems made for supporting and controlling them. Consequently, systems which automatically provide position information of peoples are of interest and the larger subject area of this thesis. Position can be obtained from well-known infrastructure based systems such as GPS. However, these systems carry obvious drawbacks in their infrastructure dependence which gives them limited coverage and system robustness. By observing our own ability to localize ourselves, it is obvious that localization without infrastructure at with a better (relative) accuracy is achievable. The development over the last decades of sensor and processing hardware and statistical methods have started to make such localization possible. This thesis specifically concerns systems and statistical methods for infrastructure-free localization. The this primarily deals with statistical methods but also describe hardware in terms of high-level system designs. For many critical applications such as positioning of emergency responders, dismounted soldiers, and security personnel, it is unsuitable for the positioning system to be dependent on infrastructure or prior knowledge about the environment. Consequently, this thesis deals with systems and methods for infrastructure-free and prior-knowledge-free pedestrian localization. The thesis is specifically concerned with statistical methods but will also cover hardware in terms of high-level system designs. The thesis is composed of an introduction followed by a collection of papers which are divided into two parts, each concerning a separate problem area. The introduction motivates and describes the localization problem in general terms and gives a coherent guide to the articles. The first group of articles together describes an infrastructure-free system for tactical localization of small units of agents. The physical implementation of the localization system carries the name TOR (Tacitcal lOcatoR) and have been tested on fire fighters during realistic smoke diving exercises. This system primarily depends on pedestrian dead-reckoning based on foot-mounted inertial navigation and inter-agent radio ranging. The core parts of the system which are dealt with are: foot-mounted inertial navigation units which provides dead reckoning of individual agents, system structure and estimation algorithms which, based on the dead reckoning and inter-agent ranging, provides estimates of the agent positions, initialization algorithms for the estimation, and a user interface which exploits voice radio communication and 3D-audio to let the agents hear where they have each other. The second group of articles concerns low-level processing for extraction of spatial information of camera images (video), a prevailing infrastructure-free data source for relating an agent's position to the environment. These articles are focused on formalization and fast implementations of fundamental processing steps. An implementation of scale-space only relying on integer signal representation of image data and simple arithmetic operations is presented. Further, a unifying theory of feature point orientation assignment is derived and a novel method for the same is presented. Thereafter, the small but frequently occuring processing step in which image gradient samples are binned based on their argument, is treated and three fast solutions with varying properties are suggested. Finally, a localization system based on inertial navigation aided by imagery data is presented.QC 20131105
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Trevor, Jonathan James. "Infrastructure support for CSCW". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296968.
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Núñez-Pawlowsky, Ruy (Ruy Igor) 1969. "Management systems for infrastructure". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80953.
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Huang, Yingfen. "EV Charging Station Infrastructure". Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2017. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/397.
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Морозова, Ірина Анатоліївна, Ирина Анатольевна Морозова, Iryna Anatoliivna Morozova i Y. Reva. "Market and its infrastructure". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17517.
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Mti, Sehlule Nontutuzelo. "Aid, infrastructure and growth". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10960.
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In their seminal paper, Burnside and Dollar (2000) introduced the interactive term aid*policy into growth equations. Most studies up until then had merely added aid as a variable on its own with GDP growth as the dependent variable in order to check aid effectiveness.
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Liu, Bolun. "Open Infrastructure: 2030-2050". Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298839.
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Traffic infrastructure has always been considered as a single function typology. It is a solution to a programmatic need but not an answer to urban living. Could it be a co-living area with nature creating a new combination of infrastructure and natural elements such as light, wind, and rain?With more electrical and clean energy are used in the traffic systems, loud noise, polluting gases will not be as bad as they are now, and living around infrastructure may even become a reality in the future.First, I propose a new typology of a vertical community facing the dilemma of contemporary suburban infrastructure. Then, I deal with a specific site on the joint ring-road of E18 and E4 highway, and the idea is to use it as a bridge connecting with the secondary roads around the site and provide new access for pedestrians and bicycles. The system of kolonistugan and allotment gives possibilities when the condition of inhabiting with infrastructure is not ideal.The modules could be changed into different functions from workshop, allotment to even summerhouse or apartment as the time goes by. And this could give a possibility to make a more positive use of highway structure as the urban expands and rethinking of the co-living with nature and even including infrastructure.
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Hearn, Brian J. "Integrating infrastructure and architecture". This title; PDF viewer required. Home page for entire collection, 2004. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Bowler, Sarah. "Public Attitudes and Transport Infrastructure : Implications of Public Attitudes for Transport Infrastructure Investment". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4049.
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In light of future public spending on public transport, a survey was designed to study public
attitudes towards bus and rail systems, the trust invested in their infrastructure, and the
perceptions regarding value added by the amenity to real estate. A sample of N=396
respondents from the Lower Hutt and Eastbourne areas of Wellington, New Zealand were
divided into three groups; Waterloo, a high public transport access area for the collection
attitude data; The two remaining areas Petone/Eastbourne, and Woburn were manipulation
cites, where rail access was either removed or introduced in a hypothetical scenario. Results
showed more positive, and universal attitudes towards rail, while attitudes to bus were
influenced by a number of demographic measures. Revealed preferences showed a
disinclination to use the bus when rail is available. Respondent showed greater trust in the
stability of rail over bus infrastructure. Reactions towards the rail removal scenario were
negative; house prices were expected to decrease. Reactions to the rail inclusion scenario were
ambivalent, when they were expected to be positive. Loss aversion is cited as a possible
explanation for this pattern of results. Recommendations are made for a reduced priority on
bus development within rail serviced areas, and further research to confirm results.
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Perrotti, Daniela. "Paysage-Infrastructure ou de la dimension infrastructurelle du paysage : de l’historique de notion de paysage infrastructurel à la démarche paysagère Landscape (as) Infrastructure, vers l'élaboration de l'approche opérationnelle paysage-infrastructure pour l'aménagement des dynamiques de transformation dans un contexte rural contemporain". Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1168.
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Nourrie par la rencontre spéculative des disciplines esthético-philosophiques et la démarche opérationnelle du Landscape Urbanism, cette étude part d'une lecture du paysage en termes de "constellation visible" voire de "trame de relations" matérielles et immatérielles entre éléments hétérogènes et contemporains, et, parallèlement, de l'acceptation étymologique du terme infrastructure en tant que "dispositif de support" des activités économiques, socio-culturelles et écologiques d'une communauté. A la lumière de ces définitions de paysage et d'infrastructure, la recherche essaie de répondre à la question principale formulée dans le cadre de la problématique, portant sur la possibilité d'accorder au paysage une "dimension infrastructurelle", propriété qui attribuerait à ce dernier la même connotation dynamique propre aux agents catalyseurs infrastructurels. L'étude de cette dimension infrastructurelle fait ressortir l'émergence d'une caractéristique ontologique du paysage définissable en termes de réseau multipolaire et donc par les relations horizontales et verticales entre ses éléments, liens physiques ou virtuels, matériels ou immatériels, qui lui donnent une cohérence unitaire et le transforment en un tout pourvu du sens (...)Taking as a starting point on the one hand the consideration of the landscape as a "visible constellation" and a "network of material and immaterial connections" between a range of heterogeneous elements, and, on the other hand, the etymological meaning of the word infrastructure as a "support device" for the economic, socio-cultural and ecological activities of a community, this study is grounded on the interaction between the speculative approach of aesthetic-philosophical disciplines and the Landscape Urbanism operational stratedy (...)
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Baig, Viñas Roger. "Development and management of collective network and cloud computing infrastructures". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667952.
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In the search and development of more participatory models for infrastructure development and management, in this dissertation, we investigate models for the financing, deployment, and operation of network and cloud computing infrastructures. Our main concern is to overcome the inherent exclusion in participation in the processes of development and management and in the right of use in the current dominant models. Our work starts by studying in detail the model of Guifi.net, a successful bottom-up initiative for building network infrastructure, generally referred to as a community networks. We pay special attention to its governance system and economic organisation because we argue that these are the key components of the success of this initiative. Then, we generalise our findings for any community network, aiming at becoming sustainable and scalable, and we explore the suitability of the Guifi.net model to the cloud computing infrastructure. As a result of both, we coin the attribute extensible to refer to infrastructure that is relatively easy to expand and maintain in contrast to those naturally limited or hard to expand, such as natural resources or highly complex or advanced artificial systems. We conclude proposing a generic model which, in our opinion, is suitable, at least, for managing extensible infrastructure. The Guifi.net model is deeply rooted in the commons; thus, the research in this field, in general, and Elinor Ostrom’s work, in particular, have left a profound imprint in our work. Our results show that the \guifinet model meets almost entirely the principles of long-enduring commons identified by E. Ostrom.
This work has been developed as an industrial doctorate. As such, it combines academic research with elements of practice and pursues an effective knowledge transfer between academia and the private sector. Given that the private sector’s partner is a not-for-profit organisation, the effort to create social value has prevailed over the ambition to advance the development of a specific industrial product or particular technology.En la recerca i desenvolupament de models més participatius per al desenvolupament i gestió d'infraestructura, en aquesta tesi investiguem sobre models per al finançament, desplegament i operació d'infraestructures de xarxa i de computació al núvol. La nostra preocupació principal és fer front a l’exclusió inherent dels models dominants actualment pel que fa a la participació en els processos de desenvolupament i gestió i, també, als drets d’us. El nostre treball comença amb un estudi detallat del model de Guifi.net, un cas d'èxit d'iniciativa ciutadana en la construcció d'infraestructura de xarxa, iniciatives que es coneixen com a xarxes comunitàries. En fer-ho, parem una atenció especial al sistema de governança i a l’organització econòmica perquè pensem que són els dos elements claus de l'èxit d'aquesta iniciativa. Tot seguit passem a analitzar d'altres xarxes comunitàries per abundar en la comprensió dels factors determinants per a la seva sostenibilitat i escalabilitat. Després ampliem el nostre estudi analitzant la capacitat i el comportament del model de Guifi.net en el camp de les infraestructures de computació al núvol. A resultes d'aquests estudis, proposem l'atribut extensible per a descriure aquelles infraestructures que són relativament fàcil d'ampliar i gestionar, en contraposició a les que o bé estan limitades de forma natural o be són difícils d'ampliar, com ara els recursos naturals o els sistemes artificials avançats o complexos. Finalitzem aquest treball fent una proposta de model genèric que pensem que és d'aplicabilitat, com a mínim, a tot tipus d'infraestructura extensible. El model de Guifi.net està fortament vinculat als bens comuns. És per això que la recerca en aquest àmbit, en general, i els treballs de Elinor Ostrom en particular, han deixat una forta empremta en el nostre treball. Els resultats que hem obtingut mostren que el model Guifi.net s'ajusta molt bé als principis que segons Ostrom han de complir els béns comuns per ser sostenibles. Aquest treball s'ha desenvolupat com a doctorat industrial. Com a tal, combina la investigació acadèmica amb elements de practica i persegueix una transferència efectiva de coneixement entre l'àmbit acadèmic i el sector privat. Ates que el soci del sector privat és una organització sense ànim de lucre, l’esforç per crear valor social ha prevalgut en l’ambició d’avançar en el desenvolupament d'un producte industrial específic o d'una tecnologia particular
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Hasselgren, Björn. "The Reluctant Infrastructure Manager : 70 Years of Government Ownership of Transport Infrastructure in Sweden". KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-123651.
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Governments have a choice whether to intervene in the transport infrastructure sector to manage, finance and organize and sometimes own the assets of the sector or to rely on markets and private sector actors for the provision of these systems. In Sweden, like in most other countries, the government has, since the 19th century, gradually taken a more active role both for railroads and roads, including most of the roles outlined above. From the 1840s, railroads and a more modern road system developed based on a mix of government and private/local government initiatives. A step towards centralization was taken in the 1930-40s, as the private- and local government-owned railroads and rural public roads, a majority of the total system, were taken over (nationalized) by the State. The government still owns these assets. In this paper, the development of railroad and road infrastructure is analyzed based on a co-evolutionary perspective, including the influence of technology, economics and politics. The perspective is used in order to facilitate an understanding and explanation of the successive steps that led to the decision to nationalize railroads and roads. The following time periods up to 2010 are also analyzed with the perspective as a relief. Based on a study primarily of the public documents of the time it is argued that the nationalization can be seen as a more or less logical step in a process of centralization that had been going on since the mid-1800s. Business economics rationality and cost reduction were important arguments for nationalization. Arguments in favor of the nationalization were that it was seen as a modernization of the sector, which also allowed for the introduction of new technology and a reduction of differences in road taxes. Welfare economics reasoning and discussions on natural monopolies were, however, not the focus. It is further argued that the government waited for some time to take the final steps to nationalize the railroads and roads. The government entered the scene as a rather reluctant infrastructure manager. The Parliament’s 1963 decision on transport policy, which is generally seen as among the most important policy decisions in the sector since the 1940s, might, it is argued, have been given a too important role. However, it is argued that the proposals put forward by the 1944 Transport Committee, which were never formally decided upon, were perhaps more influential. These proposals were largely market-friendly within the framework of the government ownership and financing model. The railroad and road systems should be run more or less as private businesses within this framework, with a focus on business economics efficiency, a full cost responsibility, and a competition view on the transport market. The transport policy decision was formally approved in 1963, and it was largely based on the principles of the 1944 Transport Committee. These policies opened for a further restructuring of the transport sector, including transport infrastructure. The road system was expanded, while the railroads contracted, suffering from high costs and a decreasing market. There was, however, a gradually growing criticism towards both the planning practices and new construction programs for the road system, and against the effects the policies seemed to have for the railroad system. The transport polices were changed during the 1970s. The 1979 Parliamentary decision on a revised transport policy brought a formal end to the policies based on market forces, competition and business economics, all of which were features of the 1963 decision. The new management philosophy was based on welfare economics, which should be the new basis for transport infrastructure and transport policies when it came to planning, management and pricing/taxation. An interesting phase in the historical development of transport policy was a return in the 1988 Parliamentary decision to a goal structure closer to the earlier (1963) formulation of transport policies. In a following decision in 1998, another turn was made, which has since established welfare economics as the basis for transport infrastructure policies. The principles set in the 1940s, with a firm base in a “cost responsibility principle” and a business economics perspective on transport infrastructure combined with government ownership and financing, was finally shifted to more of a welfare economics basis during the 1980-90s. This was, it is argued, a way of reflecting a more active political agenda with new goals for transport policy. The policy shift was combined with deregulation and some privatization steps from the 1980s onwards. If the former policies might be seen as expressing a contradiction between government ownership and business economics, the new policies made a contradiction between deregulation and more developed and wider political goals in combination with welfare economics obvious. The government might be seen having gone from reluctance to contradiction as the basic stance of its policies as owner of railroads and roads.20130614
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Lam, Juan Carlos. "Dynamic Analysis of Levee Infrastructure Failure Risk: A Framework for Enhanced Critical Infrastructure Management". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43106.
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Current models that assess infrastructure failure risk are â linear,â and therefore, only consider the direct influence attributed to each factor that defines risk. These models do not consider the undeniable relationships that exist among these parameters. In reality, factors that define risk are interdependent and influence each other in a â non-linearâ fashion through feedback effects. Current infrastructure failure risk assessment models are also static, and do not allow infrastructure managers and decision makers to evaluate the impacts over time, especially the long-term impact of risk mitigation actions. Factors that define infrastructure failure risk are in constant change.
In a strategic manner, this research proposes a new risk-based infrastructure management framework and supporting system, Risk-Based Dynamic Infrastructure Management System (RiskDIMS), which moves from linear to non-linear risk assessment by applying systems engineering methods and analogs developed to address non-linear complex problems. The approach suggests dynamically integrating principal factors that define infrastructure failure risk using a unique platform that leverages Geospatial Information System services and extensions in an unprecedented manner. RiskDIMS is expected to produce results that are often counterintuitive and unexpected, but aligned to our complex reality, suggesting that the combination of geospatial and temporal analyses is required for sustainable risk-based decision making. To better illustrate the value added of temporal analysis in risk assessment, this study also develops and implements a non-linear dynamic model to simulate the behavior over time of infrastructure failure risk associated with an existing network of levees in New Orleans due to diverse infrastructure management investments. Although, the framework and RiskDIMS are discussed here in the context of levees, the concept applies to other critical infrastructure assets and systems. This research aims to become the foundation for future risk analysis system implementation.Master of Science
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Shabbir, Aqsa. "Corruption in infrastructure procurement : a study based on procurement of infrastructure projects in Pakistan". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/corruption-in-infrastructure-procurement--a-study-based-on-procurement-of-infrastructure-projects-in-pakistan(90318909-f748-4428-a7da-e8a60f6210d7).html.
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The main purpose of this research project is to bridge the existing knowledgegap in the empirical identification and understanding of the most frequentcorrupt actions and the causes behind during procurement of infrastructureprojects in Pakistan, in addition to exploring the ways to enhance institutionalbasedtrust between the participants of the procurement process. Consequentlythe study aims to provide a conceptual framework to control corruption ininfrastructure procurement while proposing the institutional trust-buildingmechanisms. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are utilised in thisstudy to achieve this research aim. Quantitative research data is collected usinga questionnaire survey. A total of 450 questionnaires were sent to variouspeople engaged in procurement of infrastructure projects in Pakistan. Theresponse rate was 36.7% (n=165). The questionnaire comprises of two mainquestions; one is about the most frequent corrupt actions in traditional andPublic Private Partnership (PPP) infrastructure procurement processes whileother question asks about the perceived institutional trust-building mechanismsin context of infrastructure procurement market in Pakistan. Various appropriatestatistical methods, including Mean Ranking and ANOVA were utilised toanalyse the collected data. The questionnaire survey was followed by 15 indepth semi-structured interviews with a variety of stakeholders. Theseinterviews provided information on various causes of corruption and reasons asto why people do not for example report a known incident of corruption. A traditional content analysis approach was used to analyse the data collectedusing interviews. From the analysis a cyclical framework of corruption controlemerged, and this is outlined within the thesis. The goal of this framework is tofacilitate procurement stakeholders (individuals, groups, or organisations), toimprove their anti-corruption plans from project to project. This research studyhas filled the knowledge gap through identifying the top twenty potentialcorrupt practices in traditional and PPP infrastructure procurement processes inPakistan and explored the causes behind their occurrence. The study alsorecommends the solutions to mitigate this problem throughout the life cycle ofprocurement process. In addition, the study proposes the institutional trustbuildingmechanisms in the context of infrastructure procurement market inPakistan to cater for the likely loss in trust due to perceived level of corruptionin this sector. The study has also introduced a conceptual framework to controlcorruption in infrastructure procurement process in general and particularly inPakistan. The framework does not intend to introduce new alternatives butinstead builds on existing practices so that users can more easily adapt to theimprovement. The findings of this research are believed to be useful for allpractitioners who are either considering or currently involved in infrastructureprocurement process in Pakistan and trying to avoid or minimise the influenceof corruption.
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Abdur, Rahman Hafiz Md. "Modelling and simulation of interdependencies between the communication and information technology infrastructure and other critical infrastructures". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13797.
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Critical infrastructures are the lifelines of modern societies. The Communication and Information Technology Infrastructure (CITI) provides the basic mechanisms for sharing control and decision-making information among different critical infrastructures. Failures in CITI, either due to an accident or malicious action can propagate to other infrastructures and degrade or disrupt their functionality. Conversely, failures in other infrastructures can also propagate to CITI and hence disrupt the operation of many of the interconnected systems. For reliable and consistent operation of critical infrastructure networks, it is important to have tools and techniques to model and simulate CITI related interdependencies. This research is focusing on developing such methods and tools for CITI interdependency modelling and simulation. Our approach is based on system engineering techniques, where critical infrastructures are viewed as a system of systems. Interdependencies between different system components are captured using precise mathematical functions. As such, our approach goes beyond the limitations of agent-based modelling and simulation paradigms, where interdependencies are considered an emergent behavior. In this research, we have used predictive modelling techniques commonly used in power systems, data communication networks and information systems. The approach is based on results from real CITI interdependency related data. In our model, we used these data to identify the origin of different types of CITI failure and their impacts on critical infrastructures. Following that, we developed techniques to estimate interdependencies between CITI and other critical infrastructures. Finally, we developed techniques to simulate CITI interdependencies in a critical infrastructures simulator. The simulation results were validated against real-life failure cases. Our approach gives a comprehensive solution to CITI interdependency modelling and simulation problems and hence is an important step in the critical infrastructure related research. Even though our techniques are developed for CITI interdependency, they will be useful for other critical infrastructure networks as well.
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Deljanin, Emir. "Ecodriving potentiality of road infrastructures according to the adequacy between infrastructure geometrical characteristics and vehicles speeds". Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4043.
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Le lien entre les infrastructures routières et l’utilisation de l’énergie n’a pas été étudié en profondeur, car les attentes de la société en matière de transport sont essentiellement liées à l’efficacité et à la sécurité. Avec l’émergence des enjeux environnementaux, les pistes pour réduire la consommation d’énergie en procédant à des optimisations mineures de l’infrastructure routière sont explorées. Cette thèse vise à développer l’une de ces optimisations en améliorant le potentiel d’éco-conduite des infrastructures routières. Pour cela, l’énergie dépensée par les véhicules sur une route en fonction de leur dynamique, leur géométrie et la section en vitesse est modélisée. L’optimisation du sectionnement en vitesse peut faciliter l’écoconduite, limitant ainsi l’utilisation nécessaire du freinage mécanique à l’approche d’une section de réduction de vitesse. Une méthodologie en quatre étapes a été mise au point pour évaluer le sectionnement en vitesse. La première étape consiste à proposer un critère utilisable par les gestionnaires pour détecter rapidement un mauvaise position de sectionnement de vitesse (Misplaced Speed-sectioning Position, MSP). La deuxième étape quantifie le coût énergétique d’un mauvais positionnement (MSP) et la position optimale du sectionnement de la vitesse pour un éco-conducteur. Les résultats de ces deux étapes fournissent des informations au gestionnaire qui peut proposer une nouvelle disposition des sections de vitesse en tenant compte du trafic et de la configuration de la route. La troisième étape de notre méthodologie consiste en une simulation des flux de circulation permettant une meilleure évaluation énergétique des nouvelles sections de vitesse, basé sur des données réelles de trafic, et en modélisant plusieurs comportements des conducteurs. La quatrième étape est un processus d’optimisation pour trouver le sectionnement optimisé de la vitesse. Des expériences ont été menées en Bosnie-Herzegovine et en France pour démontrer la faisabilité de la méthodologieThe link between road infrastructure and use energy has not been, studied in depth , particularly as the legitimate societal expectations for transportation are primarily related to efficiency and safety. The environmental emergency implies to explore new trends as minor optimization of the road to reduce the energy use. This thesis aims to develop one of these optimization by improving the potential of eco-driving road infrastructure. This will be achieved by modeling the effect on the energy spent by vehicles on a road of the adequacy between their dynamics, geometry and the sectioning in speed of the infrastructure. A four steps methodology has been developed to assess speed sectioning. The first step is to propose a criterion usable by road managers to rapidly detect Misplaced Speed-sectioning Position (MSP). The second step quantifies the energy cost of a MSP for a particular vehicle and the optimal position of the speed sectioning for an eco-driver. The outputs of these two steps yield information to the manager who can propose a new speed sectioning layout taking into account traffic and road configuration. The third step of the methodology involves a traffic flow simulation enabling an enhanced energy evaluation of new speed sectioning, based on real traffic data, and modeling several driver behaviors. The fourth step is an optimization process to find the optimized speed sectioning. Experiments have been carried out in Bosnia-Herzegovina and France to demonstrate the feasibility of the methodology. The benefits are reduced energy consumption, air pollution and noise produced by braking
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Weiler, Nathalie. "SANGRIA Secure ANonymous GRoup InfrAstructure /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=14770.
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Kerman, Mitchell C. "Optimally reorganizing Navy shore infrastructure". Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA340441.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1997."September 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Robert F. Dell. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63). Also available online.
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Schneider, Kevin Paul. "Analysis of critical infrastructure interactions /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5990.
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Heik, Andreas. "Managing VMware Virtual Infrastructure Environments". Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-64729.
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Yang, Yi. "A component-based collaboration infrastructure". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3188.
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Groupware applications allow geographically distributed users to collaborate
on shared tasks. However, it is widely recognized that groupware applications are
expensive to build due to coordination services and group dynamics, neither of which
is present in single-user applications. Previous collaboration transparency systems
reuse existing single-user applications as a whole for collaborative work, often at
the price of inflexible coordination. Previous collaboration awareness systems, on
the other hand, provide reusable coordination services and multi-user widgets, but
often with two weaknesses: (1) the multi-user widgets provided are special-purpose
and limited in number, while no guidelines are provided for developing multi-user
interface components in general; and (2) they often fail to reach the desired level of flexibility in coordination by tightly binding shared data and coordination services.
In this dissertation, we propose a component-based approach to developing group-
ware applications that addresses the above two problems. To address the first prob-
lem, we propose a shared component model for modeling data and graphic user inter-
face(GUI) components of groupware applications. As a result, the myriad of existing
single-user components can be re-purposed as shared GUI or data components. An
adaptation tool is developed to assist the adaptation process.
To address the second problem, we propose a coordination service framework
which systematically model the interaction between user, data, and coordination
protocols. Due to the clean separation of data and control and the capability to dynamically "glue" them together, the framework provides reusable services such as
data distribution, persistence, and adaptable consistency control. The association
between data and coordination services can be dynamically changed at runtime.
An Evolvable and eXtensible Environment for Collaboration (EXEC) is built to
evaluate the proposed approach. In our experiments, we demonstrate two benefits of
our approach: (1) a group of common groupware features adapted from existing single-
user components are plugged in to extend the functionalities of the environment itself;
and (2)coordination services can be dynamically attached to and detached from these
shared components at different granules to support evolving collaboration needs.
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Quintard, Julien. "Towards a worldwide storage infrastructure". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/243442.
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Peer-to-peer systems have recently gained a lot of attention in the academic community especially through the design of KBR (Key-Based Routing) algorithms and DHT (Distributed Hash Table)s. On top of these constructs were built promising applications such as video streaming applications but also storage infrastructures benefiting from the availability and resilience of such scalable network protocols. Unfortunately, rare are the storage systems designed to be scalable and fault-tolerant to Byzantine behaviour, conditions required for such systems to be deployed in an environment such as the Internet. Furthermore, although some means of access control are often provided, such file systems fail to offer the end-users the flexibility required in order to easily manage the permissions granted to potentially hundreds or thousands of end-users. In addition, as for centralised file systems which rely on a special user, referred to as root on Unices, distributed file systems equally require some tasks to operate at the system level. The decentralised nature of these systems renders impossible the use of a single authoritative entity for performing such tasks since implicitly granting her superprivileges, unacceptable configuration for such decentralised systems. This thesis addresses both issues by providing the file system objects a completely decentralised access control and administration scheme enabling users to express access control rules in a flexible way but also to request administrative tasks without the need for a superuser. A prototype has been developed and evaluated, proving feasible the deployment of such a decentralised file system in large-scale and untrustworthy environments.
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Galvan, Giulio. "Vulnerability analysis of infrastructure networks". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.720823.
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Mancilla, Blanca Computer Science & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Intensional infrastructure for collaborative mapping". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Computer Science and Engineering, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31238.
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This thesis presents the Anita Conti Mapping Server, a Web interface and infrastructure for the creation and presentation of maps using an active, pervasive,multidimensional, global context. For each user, the context contains the parameterizations for every component of the system. In addition, parts of a user???s context may be shared with other users, so that the actions of one user directly affect the look, feel and content of another user???s system, thereby giving new meaning to the term collaborative computing. The mapping server consists of a Web interface, the GMT mapping tools, a database and the Omega typesetting system. Instead of the components being directly attached to each other through point-to-point communication, they are brought together by the context. This approach provides much more flexbility, since new components and new parameters can be more easily added to the overall system, with little or no change to the components already present. The whole infrastructure is built using intensional programming, a form of programming in which software entities are considered to be intensions (in the logical sense), i.e. mappings from contexts to ordinary entities, called extensions. The thesis presents a comprehensive overview of the development of intensional programming, and highlights its relevance for current work in the areas of electronic documents and distributed software configuration management. The mapping server is the most significant intensional application to date: it contains the most number of lines of intensional code ever written with the biggest context space implemented in a real, working system. The thesis focuses on the parameterization of the Web interface, the mapping engine and the generation of correctly typeset labels for maps to create a parameter space that accurately describes these components, and how this parameter space as a whole can be browsed by a user independently or as a member of a collaborative group. This thesis is just the beginning of a new way to look at mapping and proves that focusing on the context allows the creation of powerful extensible software.
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Siddiqui, Sadaf. "Infrastructure, sustainable development and society". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ44105.pdf.
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Brandt, Andrew MacMillan. "Pro-active adaptation improving infrastructure /". Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/brandt/BrandtA0509.pdf.
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Life on this planet adapts reactively through necessity; as environmental context changes, so do the inhabitants. Due to our level of creative analysis and critical thought, humans have the ability of anticipation. By recognizing patterns, trends, and correlating probabilities, we can anticipate a changing environment. In order to maintain a healthy world to live in, humanity needs to embrace pro-active adaptation: altering behavior in response to inevitable change in environmental conditions.
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Case, Michael A. "Network infrastructure essentials course development". [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2006. http://165.236.235.140/lib/MCase2007.pdf.
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Hao, Janet Xiaohui. "Infrastructure investment and economic development". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7225.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Edwards, W. Keith. "Coordination infrastructure in collaborative systems". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32963.
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Siddiqui, Sadaf. "Infrastructure, sustainable development & society". Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20235.
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Infrastructure is the foundation and the basic framework which permits cities to function. However, there are significant infrastructure problems in North America. In cities across North America, the infrastructure is deteriorating. The efficiency of a community depends on the condition of its infrastructure. The health and welfare of the residents and the economy of a country requires an efficient and sound infrastructure. North America will not achieve prosperity if it allows its urban infrastructure to decay to the Developing World's levels.Increased new sources of revenue need to be explored by political officials to pay for the cost of upgrading our infrastructure to an acceptable level. In addition, developing an effective management, approach is a long-term way to handle a problem as large and as serious as our current infrastructure crisis. Current engineering and construction practices have proved to be detrimental to our environment and depletion of natural resources. The future role of civil engineers should be the prevention of any damage to our environment and natural resources, and this can be achieved by incorporating sustainability into the current engineering and construction practices. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Andreev, Andrey. "Highway Infrastructure and Economic Growth". Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26874.
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Kannan, Prasanna, i Nesret Krasniqi. "Mobile Phone and Infrastructure Vulnerabilities". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18680.
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The first mobile threat that appeared in the year 2004, that is Cabir.A has shown that mobile phone threat is a proof-of -concept application. However, most Symbian malwares are still quite primitive and not in the form of executable code. It is able to replicate itself via Bluetooth devices supporting Symbian Series 60 user interface platform. To date (October 2007), Cabir.A has been widespread over many countries such as Malaysia, United States, United Kingdom, Italy, Russia, Indonesia, Japan, Singapore, Australia and New Zealand.The current target for mobile phone attacks has a certain focus on the Symbian Series 60 user interface platform mainly because of its increasing market share. The vulnerabilities of the years 2005 and 2006 have included more than 120 types of variants and new virus attacks has been using Cabir variants as a basis to create more dangerous and damageable malware.At the beginning of 2005 the main types of mobile malware had matured and were used by virus writers over the next eighteen months, including the following:1. Worms that spread via Smartphone protocols and services2. Vandal Trojans that install themselves in the system by exploiting Symbian design faults3. Trojans designed for financial gainThere are only a few main types of behavior but in practice mobile malware comes in a multitude of forms.Uppsatsnivå: D