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Bame, Ndiouma. "Gestion de donnée complexes pour la modélisation de niche écologique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066125.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis concerns large scale biodiversity data management. Its objectives are to optimize queries for researchers who have free access to biodiversity worldwide data. These data which are shared by worldwide research laboratories are federated in GBIF data warehouse. GBIF makes accessible its data to researchers, policy makers and general public. With a significant amount of data and a rapid growth of data and users that express new needs, the GBIF portal is facing a double problem of expressiveness of queries and of efficiency. Thus, we propose a decentralized solution for biodiversity data interrogation. Our solution combines the resources of several of remote and limited machines to provide the needed computing and storage power to ensure system responsiveness for users. It also provides high-level query interface which is more expressive for users. Then, we propose a dynamic data distribution on demand approach. This approach which is based on data properties and characteristics of users analysis queries adapts dynamically machines capacities to users demands. Then, we propose a queries optimization approach that adapts dynamically data placement and machines loads according to performances in order to process users queries within deadlines. We experimentally validated our solution with real GBIF data concerning 100 million observation data
Bame, Ndiouma. "Gestion de donnée complexes pour la modélisation de niche écologique". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066125/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis concerns large scale biodiversity data management. Its objectives are to optimize queries for researchers who have free access to biodiversity worldwide data. These data which are shared by worldwide research laboratories are federated in GBIF data warehouse. GBIF makes accessible its data to researchers, policy makers and general public. With a significant amount of data and a rapid growth of data and users that express new needs, the GBIF portal is facing a double problem of expressiveness of queries and of efficiency. Thus, we propose a decentralized solution for biodiversity data interrogation. Our solution combines the resources of several of remote and limited machines to provide the needed computing and storage power to ensure system responsiveness for users. It also provides high-level query interface which is more expressive for users. Then, we propose a dynamic data distribution on demand approach. This approach which is based on data properties and characteristics of users analysis queries adapts dynamically machines capacities to users demands. Then, we propose a queries optimization approach that adapts dynamically data placement and machines loads according to performances in order to process users queries within deadlines. We experimentally validated our solution with real GBIF data concerning 100 million observation data
Hacid, Mohand Saïd. "Intégration des techniques d'intelligence artificielle dans un environnement de simulation : Application a la rééducation écologique de la mémoire". Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0057.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe REMISSION (Rééducation Ecologique de la Mémoire par un Système de SimulatiON system in which the work presented here is framed. Enters into the current pattern of research in neuropsychology as regards the memory re-education. The REMISSION system combines techniques of Artificial Intelligence, Data Management, and Interactive Simulation and Animation. The architecture of the REMISSION system is based on the co-operation of two specialized components 1. The graphic component this ensures the management of graphic objects, the graphic management of the patient' a interactions, time management, and ia used as patient interface. 2. The decisional component : the role of this intelligent part of the system consists in carrying out both the re-education process and strategy. It also manages the patient interaction on the play-field which represents the simulated environment This co-operation bas required the working out of a communication interface. This interface allows on to handle external events (patient's actions on the environment) and internal events (interferences,aids) triggered by a generator. The knowledge base for the simulation is modelled on the object and rule paradigm
Guibadj, Rym Nesrine. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules et application industrielle pour la réduction de l'empreinte écologique". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966428.
Pełny tekst źródłaBorges, caldas da silva Pedro Victor. "Middleware support for energy awareness in the Internet of Things (IoT)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAS016.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Internet of Things (IoT) is characterized by a myriad of geographically dispersed devices and software components as well as high heterogeneity in terms of hardware, data, and protocols. Over the last few years, IoT platforms have been used to provide a variety of services to applications such as device discovery, context management, and data analysis. However, the lack of standardization makes each IoT platform come with its abstractions, APIs, and interactions. As a consequence, programming the interactions between a consuming IoT application and an IoT platform is often time-consuming, error-prone, and depends on the developers' level of knowledge about the IoT platform. IoT middleware are proposed to alleviate such heterogeneity, provide relevant services, and ease application development.As the energy efficiency of digital technology becomes a priority, the increase in IoT systems brings energy concerns. In this context, carefully designing interactions between IoT consumer applications and IoT systems with an energy-efficiency concern becomes essential. IoT middleware should not solely consider energy efficiency as a non-functional requirement. Instead, it needs to be at the solution's core as the middleware is expected to be shared by many applications and offer facilities to ease application development.This work presents three contributions regarding energy-efficiency/awareness in IoT middleware for IoT consumer applications.The first contribution is the proposal of an IoT middleware for IoT consumer applications called IoTVar that abstracts IoT virtual sensors in IoT variables that are automatically updated by the middleware.The second contribution is the evaluation of the energy consumption of the interactions between IoT consumer applications and IoT platforms through the HTTP and MQTT protocols. This evaluation has led to the proposal of guidelines to improve energy efficiency when developing applications.The third contribution is the proposal of strategies for energy efficiency to be integrated into IoT middleware. Those strategies have been integrated into the IoTVar middleware to provide energy efficiency, but also energy awareness through an energy model and the management of an energy budget driven by user requirements. The implementations of the IoT middleware architecture, with and without energy-efficiency strategies, have been evaluated, and the results show that we have a difference of up to 60% the energy used by IoT applications by applying strategies to reduce energy consumption at the middleware level
Mandil, Cynthia. "Informations vibrotactiles pour l'aide à la navigation et la gestion des contacts avec l'environnement". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC238/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of this doctoral research was to study vibrotactile information in navigation tasks, especially for approach regulation. One of the main issues in this research area is to find out how to specify complex information though a sensory modality that is usually unused. Thus, this work aimed at demonstrating the possibility to supply vision with tactile information and at specifying the characteristics of the vibrotactile stimulation that allow access to the information. The different studies have been carried out with an experimental display coupling a virtual environment and a tactile display consisting of several actuators placed on the skin. The first two empirical chapters were based on time-to-contact (TTC) judgment tasks, a paradigm generally used to study visual processes involved in approach situations. The first experimental chapter (experiments 1, 2 and 3) was a preliminary study, which showed that TTC estimation were more precise when the tactile display conveyed information about the distance to the target (compared to information about its angular size). The results of the second chapter (experiments 4 and 5) showed that TTC estimation was less accurate with tactile information compared to vision. Nevertheless, conveying tactile information when visual information was occluded significantly improved time-to-contact estimation. In the last chapter of this thesis, we focused on the influence of vibrotactile information on the regulation of a ground approach with a virtual situation of landing with a helicopter. We showed that tactile information reduced significantly the impact velocity when the visual environment was degraded (experiment 6 and 7). Moreover, the results showed that this decrease of velocity depended on the variable conveyed by the tactile display. Finally, the results of this work are discussed regarding fundamental theories about perception and action. Overall, it shows that approach information can be perceive through the tactile modality and thus supply vision in degraded environment
Ziat, Mounia. "Conception et implémentation d'une fonction zoom haptique sur PDAs : Expérimentations et usages". Compiègne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006COMP1607.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe objective of this thesis concerns the design and the implementation of a zoomable interface implying the haptic modality. The initial postulate is that the zoom experience is not a natural, a direct experience, but supposes an instrumentation and learning. In other words, the zoom experience is built by the appropriation of a technical substitution which makes it possible to modify the properties of the flow of space-time; these properties which bind the subject to his (real or virtual) world are relational. To conceive this new interface, directly inspired from technologies known as of sensory substitution, we carried out a set of experiments allowing to define and to qualify the technical conditions and of use which favour the emergence of a perceptive experience of the zoom type. Besides, and in a more operational aim, we implemented this new zoom function on a mobile interface (PDA) where it implementation could constitute an asset to alleviate the problems of traditional display of WIMP type. Indeed, the zoomable interfaces, already existing and implying essentially the visual method, were conceived to facilitate interactive navigation in big size information data bases and to mitigate the problem of display on a mobile interface which generally has a screen of small size. However, this sort of navigation in which the user can zoom infinitely is t frequently associated with a serious risk of confusion and getting lost. Thus, one of the aims of our application is to assist the activities, usually visual, of navigation, location and recognition. More generally, it concerns the proposition of more intuitive or immediate modes of instrumental interaction engaging explicitly the body in action
Sautot, Lucile. "Conception et implémentation semi-automatique des entrepôts de données : application aux données écologiques". Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS055/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis concerns the semi-automatic design of data warehouses and the associated OLAP cubes analyzing ecological data.The biological sciences, including ecology and agronomy, generate data that require an important collection effort: several years are often required to obtain a complete data set. Moreover, objects and phenomena studied by these sciences are complex and require many parameter recording to be understood. Finally, the collection of complex data over a long time results in an increased risk of inconsistency. Thus, these sciences generate numerous and heterogeneous data, which can be inconsistent. It is interesting to offer to scientists, who work in life sciences, information systems able to store and restore their data, particularly when those data have a significant volume. Among the existing tools, business intelligence tools, including online analytical systems (On-Line Analytical processing: OLAP), particularly caught our attention because it is data analysis process working on large historical collections (i.e. a data warehouse) to provide support to the decision making. The business intelligence offers tools that allow users to explore large volumes of data, in order to discover patterns and knowledge within the data, and possibly confirm their hypotheses.However, OLAP systems are complex information systems whose implementation requires advanced skills in business intelligence. Thus, although they have interesting features to manage and analyze multidimensional data, their complexity makes them difficult to manage by potential users, who would not be computer scientists.In the literature, several studies have examined the automatic multidimensional design, but the examples provided by theses works were traditional data. Moreover, other articles address the multidimensional modeling adapted to complex data (inconsistency, heterogeneous data, spatial objects, texts, images within a warehouse ...) but the proposed methods are rarely automatic. The aim of this thesis is to provide an automatic design method of data warehouse and OLAP cubes. This method must be able to take into account the inherent complexity of biological data. To test the prototypes, that we proposed in this thesis, we have prepared a data set concerning bird abundance along the Loire. This data set is structured as follows: (1) we have the census of 213 bird species (described with a set of qualitative factors, such as diet) in 198 points along the river for 4 census campaigns; (2) each of the 198 points is described by a set of environmental variables from different sources (land surveys, satellite images, GIS). These environmental variables address the most important issue in terms of multidimensional modeling. These data come from different sources, sometimes independent of bird census campaigns, and are inconsistent in time and space. Moreover, these data are heterogeneous: they can be qualitative factors, quantitative varaibles or spatial objects. Finally, these environmental data include a large number of attributes (158 selected variables) (...)
Viovy, Nicolas. "Étude spatiale de la biosphère terrestre : intégration de modèles écologiques et de mesures de télédétection". Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT040H.
Pełny tekst źródłaBouvier, Patrice. "La présence en réalité virtuelle, une approche centrée utilisateur". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00581550.
Pełny tekst źródłaChevenet, François. "Un environnement coopératif de résolution de problèmes pour l'analyse statistique en écologie". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10074.
Pełny tekst źródłaBigot, Lionel. "Les communautés de macrofaune benthique des sédiments côtiers en zone tropicale non récifale : diversité et réponses aux modifications de l'environnement marin à La Réunion, océan Indien". Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468129.
Pełny tekst źródłaChiarello, Ernest. "Pyramide stochastique et écologie du paysage : modélisation des structures spatiales par images de synthèse". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10078.
Pełny tekst źródłaMalique, Isabelle. "Les renvois lexicographiques : Le cas du vocabulaire de l'écologie dans le grand Larousse en 5 volumes et dans le Robert électronique". Paris 13, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA131022.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe whole research lies on a double corpus: the vocabulary of ecology - the life of the species in their own environment - in the grand larousse en 5 volumes and in the robert electronique. The corpus is the first step of the research work. Its observation is the beginning of all analysis and of all considerations. Two types of cross-references appeared : the "renvoi formel lexicographique" ( formal lexicographic cross-reference) and the "renvoi potentiel linguistique ( potential linguistic cross-reference). The first category of cross-reference has this particularity to bring the reader to another entity of the dictionary. It always has an explicit formalation, so it can be noticed in the text of the article. The second category of cross-references isn't an opposition of the fisrt one, but another level of the analysis of the different articles. The "renvoi potentiel linguistique" is a concept used by the reader to understand the different parts of the article. It is the mental way that permitts to understand the linguistic meaning pf the article, by its different fields (phonetics, etymology, definition, language register, etc. . . ) the third step of the analysis leads to a metalinguistic evaluation of what has been found concerning the two types of cross-references. A third category of crossreference appears : the "renvoi potentiel metalinguistique" ( potential metalinguistic cross-reference). With this concept the reader understands the metalinguistic meaning of the article by its different fields
Kreis, Nicolas. "Modélisation des crues des rivières de moyenne montagne pour la gestion intégrée du risque d'inondation : application à la vallée de la Thur (Haut-Rhin)". Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001251.
Pełny tekst źródłaDinaharison, Jean Bienvenue. "Conception d’une approche spatialisée à base d’agent pour coupler les modèles mathématiques et informatiques : application à la modélisation du processus écosystémique du sol". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS184.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoil is a highly heterogeneous environment in which many processes interact to provide ecosystem services. Model coupling approaches propose to define such system by using a modular architecture in which various processes, represented by models, communicate to reproduce different aspects of a phenomenon such as soil functioning. In this thesis project, we develop such an approach for the purpose of modelling soil functioning. The challenges of such a scheme lie in solving representation problems of soil processes. These representation problems originate from the fact that models from various disciplines are reused to describe the processes. By representations problems, we mean model description which can be (individual or equation based), the temporal execution settings and data resolution. These coupling constraints are addressed by a number of approaches in the literature. All of them propose satisfactory solutions to these constraints in their respective application fields. In our approach, we use the agent paradigm to encapsulate the various soil processes. Then processes will communicate through the space by using resources inside it. The behaviour of the processes then depends on the availability of resources. A coordination problem can arise from this type of coupling, as processes may consume the resource simultaneously while the resource may not support this demand. To overcome that matter, we use an action-theoretic technique called Influence-Reaction to define strategies to manage this type of situation. We used algorithms suggested by the abbundant litterature to manage any processes temporality issues. This coupling approach was applied to a model of organic matter decomposition in which several processes (earthworms, microbes and roots) compete for soil ressources. The results suggest that the use of our approach is suitable for modelling soil functioning, but also gives more accurate indications of resource availability
Carnoye, Leslie. "Les services écosystémiques : de nouveaux outils de justification au service de la critique écologiste ? Une analyse conventionnaliste à partir du Parc Naturel Régional Scarpe-Escaut (France)". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL12018.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe paradox of "ecosystem services" is that they tend to become today a dominant approach to conservation and biodiversity protection, while remaining at the same time very controversial, especially in the field of Ecological Economics. The thesis aims at questioning the transformative potential of the ecosystem services approach, regarding the institutional dynamics governing the relations between conservation and development. This research is built on a precise case study: the Scarpe-Escaut Regional Natural Park, in the north of France. In the park, we carried out a participative observation experience within an ecosystem services valuation project; we conducted semi-structured interviews and studied the park’s management documents using a text-based data analysis software (Prospéro). The theoretical perspective developed is conventionalist. This thesis points out that ecologism shouldn’t be modelled as an ideal "order of worth", but rather as a critique of capitalism, following Boltanski & Chiapello (1999). We show that the main contemporary forms of ecologist criticisms are degrowth, sustainable development and green growth, each of them relying on different forms of compromises between several "orders of worth". Our analysis leads us to think that the role of ecosystem services, as justification tools for the Scarpe-Escaut Park can be relativised. What gives meaning to the park’s conservation and development project is indeed the mobilisation of a domestic "order of worth", while the normative basis of ecosystem services appears to be related to the merchant and per-projects “orders of worth”. This makes of ecosystem services an important part of the green growth ecological criticism, the latter being poorly subversive towards connexionist capitalism
Bouali, Anis. "Métatechnologies : interdépendance entre le niveau d'hypermédiatisation et la prise en compte (écosophique) du vivant". Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/185435416#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Pełny tekst źródłaBy seeking some meanings of the neologism “metatechnology”, we were struck to see that its realization could to be considered, the such advent of “all-digital” like that of a totalitarian process. Did Lewis Munford (Mumford, transl. 1973, p. 2) deliberately give this opinion like “against-Utopia” or, following the example of 1984 of Orwell, in reaction to waiting’s utopians disappointed in 1948? The year under review constitutes an index of the economic situation: 1967, one year before the memorable year 1968. Consequently, in a situation which moves away more and more from the linearity, it appears that Science Information and Communication Technologies (S. I. T. C), can be considered as instrumental improvements insofar as their technicality is based jointly on an ascending knowledge of the social sciences. With the threshold criticizes that they reached, they restructure not only the field of the technologies, but the whole of our individual and collective actions, on all the levels and in all fields. One of the principal objectives of our research is to lucidly apprehend in what technologies contribute to release the human being but, also, to leave to condition it and to control it. Also our man-metatechnology-machine project is entitled significantly “HandiTech”
Hattab, Nour. "Ecodynamique des éléments traces et caractérisation de l’exposition des sols contaminés : expérimentation et modélisation par les réseaux de neurones artificiels". Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2020/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoils contaminated with potentially toxic trace elements (PTTE) often have serious consequences for terrestrial ecosystems. Several phytoremediaction have been developped to reclaim contaminated soils; however the efficiency and capacity of these techniques to reduce excessive concentrations of trace elements or their (phyto) availability in contaminated soils have to be assessed. The present work is focused on studying the effectiveness of two phyoremediation options such as phytostabilisation and phytoextraction assisted by organic and inorganic amendments to remediatethe high concentrations of PTTE in contaminated natural soils and technosoils. Total PTTE concentrations were determined in soil pore water (SPW) sampled by Rhizon soil moisture samplers. The soil exposure intensity was assessed by DGT (diffusive gradient in thin films) probes. The PTTE phytoavailability was characterized by growing dwarf beans on potted soils and analyzing their foliar PTTE concentrations. Then a model of artificial neural network was applied to understand the factors most relevant for the variability on the phytoavailability of trace elements. Both options were found to be able to reduce the concentrations or phytoavailability of PTTE in the presence of amendments. The artificial neural network has been very effective to predict missing results and to determine the control parameters of the variability of the PTTE phytoavailoability from the soil parameters
Duboz, Raphaël. "Intégration de modèles hétérogènes pour la modélisation et la simulation de systèmes complexes : application à la modélisation multi-échelles en écologie marine". Littoral, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DUNK0106.
Pełny tekst źródłaComplex systems studies are becoming a science. Computer science is one of the theoretical and operational basis towards this evolution. Modelling and simulation (M&S) of dynamical systems is currently a central activity in a lot of sciences. M&S brings numerous paradigms and methods for the specification and the simulation of complex artificial or natural systems. This work aims at tackling the issue of interoperability between heterogeneous models folowing three directions : formal integration, operationnal integration, multi-scales integration. Considering a marine prey-predator systems (copepods grazing on phytoplankton). First, we bring together the reactive agent paradigm with the DEVS formal specification langage. DEVS enables the complete formal description of a Multi-Agents System (MAS), well suited for individual modelling, coupled with a differential equations system (well suited for population modelling). Secondly, we propose a framework for the integration of heterogeneous models. Our framework is mainly based on the concept of "wrapper". It provides us a way to interoperate different models based on DEVS abstract simulators. In this context, we develop a particular XML application for the description of models and models coupling. The last point of our work concerns scale transfers modelling in natural systems. We develop a method to achieve it and illustrate this method with our prey-predator model. The construction of a mathematical model based on simulations from our MAS leads to the coupling of our MAS with a differential equations systems. Then, we show that micro-level activity (individuals) has a potentialy strong effect on macro-level dynamics (populations)
Prevost, Guillaume. "Modélisation d'écosystèmes multi-niveaux par des systèmes mixtes". Le Havre, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LEHA0053.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe present in that document a meta-model of aquatic ecosystem which is multi-scale and uses hybrid approaches. Ecosystems are complex systems. Therefore, the model is made to give a performant description of multi-level interactions occuring in them. Thus, we propose a multi-scale and multi-level meta-model designed as an holarchy and embodying different approaches (equationnal, individual-based,. . . . ). Moreover, we present an ontology of the meta-model which help users understand and use that one. The methodology to apply the meta-model on a concrete problem using the ontology is shown. Finally, a plateform allowing using to compute their model as far as those ones respect the meta-model assumptions is described. Then, we introduce technics to detect, reify and handle emerging systems during the simulations. Those technics are based on the analysis of the interaction network of predator-preys simulation
Bottin, Marius. "Structure des assemblages de diatomées benthiques en rivière : l'environnement explique-t-il tout ? : processus écologiques et développement méthodologiques". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14537/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDiatoms are microscopic algae which are widely used to monitor the ecological quality of strems and rivers. The regular methodologies are based on simpllified community models. In these models, only the invidual species responses to environment are accounted for.Testing the importance of complementary processes showed a significant effect of colonization dynamics, but only a slight effect of biotic relationships. These processes led us to considerate a more complex assemblage structure than the one usually assumed by the biomonitoring methodologies.Therefore we implemented both neural networks models and fuzzy logic methodologies, in order to refine French ecoregions and to describe relationships between species traits and environment
Calvez, Philippe. "Modélisation d'agencements énergétiques durables dans les zones urbaines intelligentes : une approche pour la réduction de l’emprise énergétique par les pratiques soutenables". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010056.
Pełny tekst źródłaOn one hand, the ecological transition and sustainable development issues are today a reality that cannot be ignored given the negative impacts of human activities on their environments. On the other side, an increasingly important digitization of these environments results in the generation of massive volumes of digital traces, which are all signs of actors’ activities. A significant challenge is to understand the ins and outs of environmental impact due activities and considering Emprise of Energy (EmE) as a key indicator and how this indicator can strongly change from an activity to another. Our approach considers the identification of Practice on the basis of these digital traces generated by human and non-human entities during specific activities. Practice (instantiation of activity) uses more or less resources (physical and virtual) during their existence. Be able to identify which one is more resources dependent would help to better understand how to promote ecological transition. Promoting or at least identifying on the basis of quantifiable indicators (i.e Energy Emprise), practices that have a low impact on the environment, could be an innovative approach. These practices, in the sense of coordination of multiple heterogeneous entities in time and space, can be formalized in the form of multidimensional structures activities - Hypergraph of Activities – using the theory of Assemblage (Agencement in french) and using a set of mathematical tool (Simplicial Complexes, Hypernetworks). This research attempts to model the phenomenon of human and not human activity based on the characterization of the context (massive contextual data). These Assemblages are calculated and represented in an research application (IMhoTEP) which aims to build these complex structures not based on a priori entities’ classification, but by focusing on the relationships that they maintain in several dimensions. The main goal is to offer a decision tool which support actors’ ecological transition by understand activities inducing consumption or production of resources. These academic research in the field of computer science is based continuous digitization of physical and virtual spaces, particularly highly connected urban areas (Smart City, Internet of Everything)
Bouadi, Tassadit. "Analyse multidimensionnelle interactive de résultats de simulation : aide à la décision dans le domaine de l'agroécologie". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933375.
Pełny tekst źródłaRechard, Julien. "Introduction de critères ergonomiques dans un système de génération automatique d’interfaces de supervision". Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS380/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe ecological interface design is composed of two steps, a work domain analysis and a transcription of the information of the work domain into ecological representation (Naikar, 2010). This kind of design showed his effectiveness for the supervision of complex system (Burns, 2008). Nevertheless, Vicente (2002) highlighted two issues, the long design time and the difficulties to translate with a formal way a work domain into ecological representation. Moreover, he doesn’t exist a formal tool of validation for a work domain. Several tools and works allow to be comfortable in the possibility to find some solution (Functional methodology (Liu et al, 2002), TMTA (Morineau, 2010) and Anaxagore (Bignon, 2012). We propose several answers at the issue: how formalize the design of an ecological interface in order to reduce the time and effort linked to the design? The first proposition is a tool of verification of model of work domain based on a simulation by TMTA. The second bring thanks to a second version of the Anaxagore flow, an integration of the works of Liu et al (2002) with the principle of the ecological library of ecological widget linked to a scheme of input of high level. Based on the work domain of a fresh water system in a ship, an ecological interface has been implemented and validated experimentally. This interface has been compared with a conventional interface also generated by Anaxagore. The results show that the ecological interface promotes a biggest numbers of coherent ways in the work domain. This kind of interface also promotes a better accuracy of the diagnostic for the operators using the ecological interface
Nmor, Stanley. "Event-driven numerical modelling of early diagenesis in coastal ecosystems : application to flood deposits in Rhône River prodelta". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASJ023.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main purpose of this work is to study the biogeochemical response of coastal seafloor subject to episodic massive sediment deposition from floods events. The Rhône River and its connected coastal margins serve as an important case-study site for quantifying the impact of these extreme events on early diagenetic process because it receives significant inputs of sediment (estimated to be up to 80%) during short and intense events. These extreme events are rare and unpredictable, thus the assessment of their impact on sediment biogeochemical processes is difficult.In order to study the short and intermediate term response of the sediment biogeochemistry under these abruptly changing conditions, an event-driven numerical model of early diagenesis was specifically developed during this thesis. Using published data of two contrasting floods in year 2008, the model showed reliable capability to simulate the changes induced by the sediment input on the porewater profiles for various solutes. The model suggests that these floods could produce differing biogeochemical response, the extent of which is determined by the underlying characteristics of the flood layer deposit. We found a two-fold increase in overall mineralization rates during the 2008 spring flood event from pre-flood conditions in the spring, which increased further in the fall when a very labile carbon-enrichment sediment was deposited (up to a factor of 7). My research demonstrated that these differences were due to the nature of organic carbon delivered to the proximal delta of the Rhone as well as the scale (thickness) of deposition. These intrinsic characteristics might also be responsible for constraining the relaxation timescale of the various porewater solutes (e.g oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, sulfate) to a few months as observed in the field. Furthermore, this research also demonstrated that the strong internal cycling and the role of secondary redox processes such as pyrite precipitation which were enhanced during these flood events might be responsible for the maintenance of non-sulfidic condition observed in Rhône prodelta sediment. The thesis also briefly explores the concept of “memory effect” of temporally connected sequence of flood deposition with the conclusion that the multiple occurrence of these events can also trigger temporal interaction between floods which has a substantial effect on the processes operating in the deep (such as methanogenesis and sulfate reduction) but negligible for superficial oxic and suboxic processes. This has significant ramification in the future scenarios of increasing frequency of these extreme events.More recent time series of porewater composition obtained during winter campaigns in 2021-22 investigates the temporal evolution of the porewater following an estimated 25 cm of sediment deposition. A remarkable modification of the DIC, SO_4^{2-} and CH_4 profiles were observed which was distinguishable from the pre-flood situation. Model simulations describes adequately the dataset and showed that these winter events can result to as much as 75% increase in total carbon mineralization, thus enhancing longer-term DIC production in the sediment. This winter flood also leads to a decoupling of the two pathways for sulfate reduction - organoclastic sulfate reduction and anaerobic oxidation of methane and is associated to vertical displacement of the sulfate-methane transition zone. This observation has important implications since further deepening of the AOM maximum zone due to flood deposition could enhance the effective trapping of methane (a “green house” gas crucial in the context of climate change) flux out of the sediment.Overall, the numerical exploration in this thesis provides for the first time, a synthesis of the role of episodic event such as the massive flood deposition on spatio-temporal dynamics of the biogeochemical processes in the sediment
Nguyen, Nhi Gia Vinh. "Conception de modèles multi-échelles pour l’aide à la décision environnementale : application au contrôle des invasions de cicadelles brunes dans le Delta du Mékong (Vietnam)". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066472.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn South-East Asia, the problem of controlling the invasions of rice pests is a major economical problem, which is tackled by multiple scientific disciplines and is dealt with by several decisional scales. This PhD thesis contribute to the researches undertaken since 40 years on the eradication (or at least the control) of the rice pest named Brown plant hopper (BPH) by proposing a design methodology of dynamically scaling models as a foundation for decision support systems dedicated to the assessment of regional and local control policies. It has been applied to and validated on different scenarios of BPH migrations in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, where four different geographical and political levels have been coupled in the same framework (village, commune, province, and region), each of them represented with its own dynamics (social, biological, ecological ones) but also with its relationships with the other levels. The main contribution of this research is an agent-based multi-level modeling system that allows modelers to simulate and evaluate different control policies against invasions of the Brown plant hoppers at different scales of time and space. This system couples and organizes several sub-models with separate functions: growth and migration models of BPH that take ecological and environmental processes into account at different spatial and temporal scales, social models of the various stakeholders (from farmers to political deciders), models dedicated to the up- and downscaling processes occurring between the levels of representation
Bourgeois, Guillaume. "Analyse et modélisation de l’impact environnemental du système d’information". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS023.
Pełny tekst źródłaDigital technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, but it has a significant environmental impact, particularly in terms of energy consumption, greenhouse gas production, electronic waste, water and air pollution, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. Organizations are becoming aware of their environmental responsibility and are seeking to reduce their carbon footprint related to information systems. To help organizations manage their IS carbon footprint, this thesis proposes a decision support framework based on a detailed modeling of the environmental impact of the information system. This framework identifies the most effective actions to reduce the environmental impact of the IS, taking into account the operational and financial constraints of the organizations. The WeNR tools are presented as concrete applications of this decision support framework, which allow measuring the environmental impact of the IS within organizations and proposing concrete measures to reduce it. Finally, the author presents the prospects of a responsible digital SaaS decision support tool that would automatically collect data on the organization’s digital carbon footprint, analyze it, propose specific actions to reduce it, and provide key environmental performance indicators
Ohanessian, Kelly. "Optimisation de filières de traitement des eaux résiduaires industrielles par couplage de procédés physico-chimiques, thermiques et biologiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0368.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe modeling, simulation and optimization of different industrial wastewater treatment processes using the process coupling method were studied in order to compare their purification performances and to evaluate the associated energy and economic expenses. Three effluents characteristic of the microelectronic industry have been selected as example. As a first step, a bibliographic study allowed to determine the input data for each of the streams studied (flow rates, composition) as well as the conventional treatment methods used. The conventional treatment processes for the three effluents were then simulated on ProSimPlus®. Depending on the available functionalities of the software (modules, components, thermodynamic model), some processes have been modeled and/or developed on physical, chemical and kinetic data from the literature. In a second step, new treatment streams were proposed for each of the effluents considered. New processes were modeled and then simulated on ProSimPlus®. Depending on the effluent considered, the different couplings refined the treatment thus allowing to reach the discharge limits set in a natural environment or in a sensitive zone to eutrophication, but also to reduce reagents and energy consumption, validating the interest of the couplings. Also, the valorization of by-products has resulted in a significant saving on investment costs
Estopinan, Joaquim. "A predictive approach to determining the joint conservation status of species". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONS062.
Pełny tekst źródłaSpecies distribution models (SDMs) aim to learn the environmental preferences of species and ultimately project their geographic distributions.Recent breakthroughs in deep learning, coupled with the explosion of biodiversity data, have led to the development of a new generation of models, called deep-SDMs.In this thesis, we explore their application in biodiversity conservation.First, we evaluate the contribution of satellite image time-series as environmental covariates.Capturing the phenology of species' habitats was found to be valuable, especially for rare species and in species-rich regions.Second, we train a deep-SDM to infer global orchid species assemblages at the kilometre scale.Spatial indicators of their extinction risk are then mapped using the IUCN Red List of threatened species.By highlighting spatial patterns of extinction risk for under-assessed taxa, such scalable and data-intensive indicators can inform conservation planning.Third, we use SDM-based species features to successfully predict the IUCN extinction risk status of species while being flexible enough to project the study into future bioclimatic conditions.Indeed, automated extinction risk assessment is an active research avenue to complement manual assessments.Our classification scheme benefits from the generalisation power of deep-SDMs.It aims to mitigate the over-reliance on geographic information in flora extinction risk assessments, thus allowing prediction of future extinction risk patterns.Modelling species distributions is an incredibly difficult task due to complex biotic and abiotic dependencies.Deep learning models can rely on the critical information that correlates with observed species patterns when provided with rich, high-dimensional environmental covariates.Furthermore, biodiversity data are hampered by biases (taxonomic, geographic, temporal, etc.) that machine learning techniques can help to compensate for.Ultimately, in our work we have investigated three directions in which deep-SDMs can contribute to the production of decision support for conservation: 1) taking advantage of high-dimensional satellite data to model species distributions, 2) using their generalisation and inference power to map the extinction risk of global species assemblages, and finally 3) encoding high-dimensional covariate information for downstream tasks such as flexible IUCN status classification
Renard, Hugo. "Modélisation à pas de temps horaire des transferts de tritium au sein d'un écosystème prairial". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0639.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the context of accidental or chronic releases from nuclear installations to the environment, it is important to predict the future of radionuclides, particularly at the grassland scale, the first link in the human food chain. The IRSN and EDF are developing a simulation platform for the transfer of radionuclides in the environment, called SYMBIOSE, in order to estimate the dose received by humans. Tritium is an example of a radionuclide released into the environment by nuclear installations, whose behavior is particularly critical to predict because of its high mobility and biological affinity depending on the chemical form considered. The TOCATTA-khi model, implemented in the SYMBIOSE platform, is dedicated, among other things, to the transfer of tritium within a grassland ecosystem. The main objective of this thesis is to improve and evaluate the existing TOCATTA-khi model from experiments carried out in situ at the technical platform IRSN La Hague and in laboratory, by studying and quantifying the transfers of tritium within a grassland ecosystem, as well as the associated residual uncertainties
Missaoui, Mohieddine. "Contributions algorithmiques à la conception de sondes pour biopuces à ADN en environnements parallèles". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724565.
Pełny tekst źródłaJiang, Jingyi. "Retrieving leaf and canopy characteristics from their radiative properties using physically based models : from laboratory to satellite observations Estimation of leaf traits from reflectance measurements: comparison between methods based on vegetation indices and several versions of the PROSPECT model a model of leaf optical properties accounting for the differences between upper and lower faces Speeding up 3D radiative transfer simulations: a physically based approximation of canopy reflectance dependency on wavelength, leaf biochemical composition and soil reflectance Effective GAI for crops is best estimated from reflectance observations as compared to GAI and LAI Optimal learning for GAI and chlorophyll estimation from 1D and 3D radiative transfer model inversion: the case of wheat and maize crops observed by Sentinel2". Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0708.
Pełny tekst źródłaMeasuring leaf and canopy characteristics from remote sensing acquisitions is an effective and non destructive way to monitor crops both for decision making within the smart agriculture practices or for phenotyping under field conditions to improve the selection efficiency. With the advancement of computer computing power and the increasing availability of high spatial resolution images, retrieval methods can now benefit from more accurate simulations of the Radiative Transfer (RT) models within the vegetation. The objective of this work is to propose and evaluate efficient ways to retrieve leaf and canopy characteristics from close and remote sensing observations by using RT models based on a realistic description of the leaf and canopy structures. At the leaf level, we first evaluated the ability of the different versions of the PROSPECT model to estimate biochemical variables like chlorophyll (Cab), water and dry matter content. We then proposed the FASPECT model to describe the optical properties differences between the upper and lower leaf faces by considering a four-layer system. After calibrating the specific absorption coefficients of the main absorbing material, we validated FASPECT against eight measured ground datasets. We showed that FASPECT simulates accurately the reflectance and transmittance spectra of the two faces and overperforms PROSPECT for the upper face measurements. Moreover, in the inverse mode, the dry matter content estimation is significantly improved with FASPECT as compared to PROSPECT. At the canopy level, we used the physically based and unbiased rendering engine, LuxCoreRender to compute the radiative transfer from a realistic 3D description of the crop structure. We checked its good performances by comparison with the state of the art 3D RT models using the RAMI online model checker. Then, we designed a speed-up method to simulate canopy reflectance from a limited number of soil and leaf optical properties. Based on crop specific databases simulated from LuxCoreRender for wheat and maize and crop generic databases simulated from a 1D RT model, we trained some machine learning inversion algorithms to retrieve canopy state variables like Green Area Index GAI, Cab and Canopy Chlorophyll Content (CCC). Results on both simulations and in situ data combined with SENTINEL2 images showed that crop specific algorithms outperform the generic one for the three variables, especially when the canopy structure breaks the 1D turbid medium assumption such as in maize where rows are dominant during a significant part of the growing season
Collard, Blanche. "Effet de l’organisation spatiale intra-parcellaire des habitats sur le contrôle biologique par conservation : étude et modélisation des déplacements de dermaptères dans les bananeraies Spatial organisation of habitats in agricultural plots affects per-capita predator effect on conservation biological control: an individual based modelling study". Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0710.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we investigated whether - and how - the intra-plot spatial patterns of habitats favourable to generalist predators could influence the conservation biological control (CBC) through their foraging behaviour. The general approach of this work is based on a modelling approach guided by experiments on the earwig E. caraibea, a generalist predator in banana fields of Martinique. In an experiment in banana fields, we found that the abundance and activity of earwigs seemed to be influenced by habitat types: banana tree residues appeared to be particularly more favourable to earwigs than bare soil.We developed a spatially explicit and individual-based model (Foragescape) of the foraging movements of an earwig-like predator in a banana field - based on the favourable or unfavourable nature of habitats. We found that the per-capita predator effect was strongly affected by a spatial dilution of predators, induced by favourable habitat addition, but this negative effect could be partially or fully mitigated by their spatial organisation.A key hypothesis of the Foragescape model was found on earwigs in a mesocosm experiment: earwigs movements are slower and more sinuous on residues, a favourable habitat, than on bare soil, an unfavourable habitat. Therefore, the model's predictions on spatial organisation and CBC can to some extent be adapted to the earwigs in banana fields
Brousseau, Louise. "Diversité et évolution des arbres de forêt tropicale humide : exemple d'Eperua falcata en Guyane française". Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967318.
Pełny tekst źródłaBertin, Benjamin. "Modélisation sémantique des bases de données d'inventaires en cycle de vie". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0049/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaEnvironmental impact assessment of goods and services is nowadays a major challenge for both economic and ethical reasons. Life Cycle Assessment provides a well accepted methodology for modeling environmental impacts of human activities. This methodology relies on the decomposition of a studied system into interdependent processes in a step called Life Cycle Inventory. Every process has several environmental impacts and the composition of those processes provides the cumulated environmental impact for the studied human activities. Several organizations provide processes databases containing several thousands of processes with their interdependency links that are used by LCA practitioners to do an LCA study. Understanding and audit of those databases requires to analyze a huge amount of processes and their dependency relations. But those databases can contain thousands of processes linked together. We identified two problems that the experts faces using those databases: - organize the processes and their dependency relations to improve the comprehensibility; - calculate the impacts and, if it is not possible, find why it is not feasible. In this thesis, we: - show that there are some semantic similarities between the processes and their dependency relations and propose a new way to model the dependency relations in an inventory database. In our approach, we semantically index the processes using an ontology and we use a multi-layers model of the dependency relations. We also study a declarative approach of this multi-layers approach; - propose a method to calculate the environmental impacts of the processes based on linear algebra and graph theory, and we study the conditions of the feasibility of this calculation when we have a cyclic model. We developed a prototype based on this approach that showed some convincing results on different use cases. We tested our prototype on a case study based on a data set extracted from the National Renewable Energy restricted to the electricity production in the United-States
Roussel, Mylène. "Analyse et interprétation d'images appliquées aux algues microscopiques". Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMP560S.
Pełny tekst źródłaHashoum, Hazem. "Impact du changement climatique sur les interactions biotiques en forêt méditerranéenne : approches chimique, écophysiologique et fonctionnelle". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0480/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis is to study allelopathic interactions in the downy oak forest in the mediterranean region and to consider how these interactions can be affected by climate change. We have shown that the dominant tree Q. pubescens and its companion species A. monspessulanum and C. coggygria have different allelopathic potentialities, evaluated in vitro on herbaceous target plants, depending on the phenological stage of the leaves, which could in natura affect the germination and growth of understory herbaceous plants. These differences in allelopathic effect may result not only from differences in the quantity of allelopathic compounds produced, but also from qualitative differences observed as a function of the phenological stage. This suggests that the allelopathic effect may vary over time to match the stage of development of the target herbaceous plants. On one of the target plants used in the bioassays, the allelopathic effects were further accentuated by changing the water and / or thermal conditions which suggests possible modifications of the allelopathic potential of the plants to be expected with climate change.Our results in the plant nursery showed the allelopathic potential of cotinus and pinus on the growth of oak seedlings, whatever the watering conditions (stressed or unstressed). By affecting in particular the biomass of the root system, the growth of which is a key element of the mediterranean species to resist the prolonged summer drought, these interactions could play an important role in the regeneration processes of downy oak
Guis, Hélène. "Géomatique et épidémiologie : caractérisation des paysages favorables à Culicoides imicola, vecteur de la fièvre catarrhale ovine en Corse". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846255.
Pełny tekst źródłaBilodeau, Clélia. "Apports du LiDAR à l'étude de la végétation des marais salés de la baie du Mont-Saint-Michel". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587416.
Pełny tekst źródłaNica, Cristina. "Exploring sequential data with relational concept analysis". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD032/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaMany sequential pattern mining methods have been proposed to discover useful patterns that describe the analysed sequential data. Several of these works have focused on efficiently enumerating all closed partially-ordered patterns (cpo-patterns), that makes their evaluation a laboured task for experts since their number can be large. To address this issue, we propose a new approach, that is to directly extract multilevel cpo-patterns implicitly organised into a hierarchy. To this end, we devise an original method within the Relational Concept Analysis (RCA) framework, referred to as RCA-SEQ, that exploits the structure and properties of the lattices from the RCA output. RCA-SEQ spans five steps: the preprocessing of the raw data; the RCA-based exploration of the preprocessed data; the automatic extraction of a hierarchy of multilevel cpo-patterns by navigating the lattices from the RCA output; the selection of relevant multilevel cpo-patterns; the pattern evaluation done by experts
Bourgault, Nicolas. "Effets d'un contrôleur avec reconnaissance de gestes écologiques sur l'immersion dans un jeu sérieux adapté". Thèse, 2014. http://constellation.uqac.ca/3032/1/Bourgault_uqac_0862N_10089.pdf.
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