Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Infants – care – côte d'ivoire”

Introduction: Infectious diseases, particularly among pediatric populations, represent a significant global health problems. Rational antibiotic use is paramount for achieving optimal patient outcomes, but prescribing antibiotics in pediatric settings is a multifaceted task influenced by various factors, including prescriber's knowledge and experience. Aim: This study, conducted at Pediatric Department at Bouaké University Hospital (Côte d'Ivoire) (CHU), aimed to investigate the relationship between prescriber's experience and the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions for pediatric patients. Material and Methods: The academic study lasted from June 1, 2019, to July 31, 2019, within the pediatric department of the Bouaké University Hospital. It included all children age 0 to 15 years, who were receiving antibiotic therapy for at least 48 hours. Evaluation of antibiotic therapy relied on criteria from authoritative references in infectious diseases. Antibiotic therapy was deemed appropriate if it was clinically justified for treating the specific infectious disease. Prescribers' experience-related variables, including years in medical practice, specialization level, and other pertinent factors, were integrated into the analysis to gain insights into their influence on the appropriateness and compliance of antibiotic prescriptions. Data analysis was executed using EPI INFO 2007 version 7.1.3.3 software, employing statistical tests such as Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Results: The study unveiled that the incidence of antibiotic prescription among hospitalized children over the two-month period was 31.28%. Most prescribers had approximately 2 years of experience, with an average overall experience of 3.25 years. Male prescribers slightly outnumbered their female counterparts, and specialist physicians constituted the majority of prescribers (70.94%). Compliance was markedly higher among older children (46.76%) in comparison to infants (2.34%). Beta-lactam antibiotics were the most frequently prescribed class, accounting for 62.72% of antibiotic prescriptions. Non-compliance, particularly concerning dosage, was prevalent, contributing to 33.05% of cases, with betalactams being a prominent contributor. Conclusion: Although the influence of prescriber experience on antibiotic appropriateness remained inconclusive, the significance of rational antibiotic use remains pivotal. These findings underscore the necessity for continual efforts to optimize antibiotic therapy in pediatric care, endorsing evidence-based prescribing practices to safeguard the efficacy of antibiotics for future generations.

When Bamileke women in urban Cameroon give birth, older women often recall the ‘troubles’, the period between 1955 and 1974 when the UPC (Union des Populations du Cameroun) waged a battle of national independence, as a way of teaching their daughters about the hazards of reproduction and threats to Bamileke integrity as a people (Feldman-Savelsberget al.). Slightly to the north-west, in the Nigerian city of Kano, Igbo talk constantly about their memories of the Biafran war, using them to forge a sense of Igbo ethnic distinctiveness that reinforces patterns of patron-client relations critical to the maintenance of transregional connections (Smith), while further to the south many Yoruba are reassessing the meaning of the old practice of pawning children (Renne). Meanwhile in Botswana, where the AIDS epidemic exacts a high death toll, members of an Apostolic church create distinctive practices of remembering what caused a person's death. In so doing, they counter the attenuation of care and support that often occurs when people interpret death as due to illnesses transmitted through blood and improper sexual relations (Klaits). By contrast in a Samburu community in Kenya, the cultural practice ofntotoi, a complex board game, reproduces a male-dominated history of kinship, while systematically erasing a female narrative of adulterous births and forced infanticide. And among rural Beng in Côte d'Ivoire, beliefs and practices that structure infant care serve as an indirect critique of the violence of French colonialism and of its aftermath that continues to interfere in Beng lives in the form of high rates of infant mortality (Gottlieb). As these examples taken from this volume indicate, the papers gathered together in this special issue examine the complex and often contradictory ways in which the reproduction of memories shapes the social and biological reproduction of people.

Drug use is growing rapidly in Côte d'Ivoire, leading to serious adaptation difficulties and mental health problems. The present study aims at presenting the profile of women with drug use problem in Côte d'Ivoire. The participants, aged 14 to 67 years, were 83 patients of the Blue Cross of Côte d'Ivoire. Data related to drug use were obtained through urine tests (Rapitest) and semi-directive interviews with patients and their resource persons. The results indicate three profiles of women with problematic use. They also indicate that 4/5 of these women are poly-consumers. Considering these results, and given the growing interest of women in decision-making structures, it seems useful to reinforce measures to prevent and / or care for girls in drug problem.

State of complete physical, mental and social well-being, health is fundamental for man. Yet global figures for access to health are alarming. According to Gijs (2011) 2.5 billion people in the world do not have access to basic health care. In Côte d'Ivoire, the State has made population access a priority. Thus, sanitary infrastructures were built and equipped (PNDS, 2016). However, the problem of access to health services remains. The city of GrandBassam, located in the south-east of Côte d'Ivoire, has a wide range of health structures. Yet there are still people who still do not have access to health care. According to the RASS (2015), 25% of the population of Grand-Bassam still does not use health services. The purpose of this article is to identify the determinants of the access of the population of Grand-Bassam to health services. The methodological approach adopted to conduct this study took into account a bibliographic synthesis and the administration of a questionnaire. This study shows that perception of distance, income of head of household, perception of cost of care, household size, educational level, and age of households are the factors that determine access health services in the city of Grand-Bassam.

<p><em>This study evaluates the follow-on formula for infants. These products are available under several brands in the Ivorian market. In order to verify their conformity to the WHO standards a post-market control by gravimetric method and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry is executed to evaluate the quantity and quality of fat products contained in the milks of brands available in Côte d’Ivoire. Out of the nine brands of milks analyzed, only four of them were close to the values revealed by their manufacturers, whereas the other products had their values below their respective indications.</em></p>

Thalassemias are genetic diseases, an inherited blood disorder which is characterized by a defect in the production of hemoglobin. These diseases result in a decrease in the quantity or size of red cells. There are two types: alpha and beta-thalassemia. The most severe forms are manifested by chronic anemia which can lead to death without proper treatment. Many research works recognize that therapeutic compliance, especially among people with chronic disease, is mandatory for better management of the disease. However, very few studies shed light on the impact of the latter on hemoglobinopathies. This article is a preliminary study which aims to identify the factors observed in patients with beta-thalassemia. Starting from a qualitative approach, nine people were subjected to semi-structured interviews on their experience and perception of the management of beta-thalassemia by the nursing staff. The results obtained made it possible to identify on the one hand three factors of non-compliance which are: the quality of the doctor-patient relationship, the chronicity of the disease and the reliability of care, and the interactions between these factors and the efficient management of their health. Keywords: Beta-thalassemia, therapeutic noncompliance, therapeutic alliance, Côte d'Ivoire.

L’amélioration de la survie des enfants demeure au cœur des préoccupations sanitaires en Afrique subsaharienne où la transition sanitaire est en panne depuis 1990. Ce contexte de crise sanitaire est concomitant à une récession économique et à une forte croissance urbaine. L’expansion rapide de la population citadine constitue aujourd’hui un défi majeur de santé publique. A l’instar de ses pairs africains, la Côte d’Ivoire, qui a expérimenté une forte croissance urbaine depuis 1960, a connu au cours des deux dernières décennies une absence de progrès notable en matière de réduction de la mortalité des enfants. L’analyse des tendances selon le milieu de résidence révèle un recul de la mortalité relativement plus important en milieu rural que dans les villes ivoiriennes. Cette situation amène à s’interroger sur les facteurs explicatifs de l’évolution de la mortalité des enfants vivant en milieu urbain ivoirien. L'objectif principal de la thèse est d’appréhender les facteurs explicatifs du ralentissement de la baisse de la mortalité des enfants vivant en milieu urbain ivoirien. L’analyse, basée sur les données démographiques et sanitaires réalisées entre 1994 et 2005, apprécie les effets de l’environnement contextuel démo-économique et sanitaire sur la dynamique de la mortalité et examine l’hypothèse d’une dégradation de la survie dans les milieux urbains pauvres. Deux constats ressortent des analyses. D’une part, il existe un réel ralentissement des progrès en matière d’amélioration de la survie des enfants dans les villes ivoiriennes, notamment à Abidjan. D’autre part, si les inégalités socio-économiques conduisent à des inégalités sanitaires, la dégradation de la survie concerne davantage les enfants des classes moyennes et aisées que ceux des ménages les plus démunis. En outre, la dimension sociale joue un rôle davantage important dans le comportement maternel en matière de recours aux soins: l’utilisation des services de santé étant relativement plus fréquente chez les mères issues de ménages de grande taille ou chez les migrantes. L’analyse révèle également une accentuation de l’influence des facteurs environnementaux sur la survie des enfants entre 1994 et 2005 et une précarité des conditions d’habitat
Improving child survival remains at the core of health concerns in sub-Saharan Africa where the health transition is down since 1990. This health crisis is concomitant to an economic recession and a rapid urban growth. The rapid expansion of the urban population is now a major public health challenge. Like its African peers, Côte d'Ivoire, which has experienced a rapid urban growth since 1960 has failed to significantly reduce child mortality over the two past decades. The analysis of trends by area of residence reveals a decline in mortality, which is relatively larger in rural areas than in Ivorian cities. This raises questions about the factors explaining the evolution in the mortality of Ivorian city children. The main objective of this thesis is to understand the factors slowing the decline in the mortality of children who live in urban Ivory Coast. The analysis, based on demographic and health data collected between 1994 and 2005, assesses the effects of demographic, economic, contextual environment and health on the dynamics of mortality and examines the hypothesis of deterioration in the survival in poor urban area. Two conclusions emerge from the analysis. On the one hand, there is a real decrease in the progress regarding the improvement of child survival in Ivorian cities, mainly in Abidjan. On the other hand, if the socio-economic disparities lead to health inequalities, the degradation of child survival concerns more middle and upper classes than those of the poorest households. In addition, the social dimension plays a more important role in the maternal behavior regarding health care: the use of antenatal health services is relatively more frequent among mothers from large-size households or among migrants. The analysis also reveals an emphasis of the influence of environmental factors on child survival between 1994 and 2005 and precarious living conditions

La ville d’Abidjan est localisée au Sud de la Côte d’Ivoire. Elle est la capitale économique depuis 1983 et la première ville du pays. Elle concentre le potentiel humain et une offre de soins dense et diversifiée répartie sur de faibles distances physiques, donnant l’impression que tout est accessible. En effet, l’État Ivoirien a consenti d’importants investissements pour construire et équiper des services de santé depuis l’émergence de la ville au début du siècle dernier pour améliorer l’accès aux soins des abidjanais. Pourtant, malgré une augmentation considérable du nombre d’infrastructures sanitaires et de leur disponibilité, les taux d’utilisations et de fréquentations des services de santé modernes dans les communes de la ville d’Abidjan restent faibles et les indicateurs de santé demeurent très préoccupants et les besoins de soins sont importants. En plus, la croissance spatiale et démographique accélérée que connaît la ville entraînent des changements rapides dans son organisation territoriale empêchant les autorités publiques chargées de la planification de suivre le rythme de sa croissance urbaine. Ils ne sont pas toujours parvenus à équiper en services urbains les nouveaux espaces au fur et à mesure de leur création et à intégrer les nouveaux citadins aux origines diverses. Cette thèse permet d’étudier, comment, dans un contexte considéré comme privilégié, se pose la problématique de l’accès et du recours aux services de santé modernes. Pour réaliser ce projet, cette étude, à partir des combinaisons d’analyses spatiales, statistiques, et d’un travail de terrain, analyse les inégalités socio-spatiales d’accès aux services de santé pour mettre en exergue le problème de l’accessibilité aux soins, tant physique, culturelle, matérielle que sociale. Elle mesure également l’adéquation de cette offre de soins moderne aux besoins de soins des populations pour identifier les zones et les populations défavorisées pour l’accès aux soins. Et enfin, cette étude analyse les pratiques citadines du recours aux soins, ainsi que les déterminants qui limitent ou facilitent l’accès aux soins dans la ville d’Abidjan. Les résultats des études montrent que les services de santé existent, ils sont denses et diversifiés, mais ils ne sont pas repartis là où il y a le plus de besoins de soins. Dans notre étude, on souligne aussi une prédominance de la prise en charge à domicile des épisodes morbides notamment à travers l’automédication et une diminution de l’utilisation des services de soins modernes. Le recours aux structures de soins se fait rare dans les quartiers où les besoins en soins de santé sont les plus importants. L’automédication ou la médecine de rue sont généralement les plus privilégiées. Les structures de soins sont sollicitées que lorsque la maladie devient très grave. Nos résultats montrent également qu’il est difficile d’attribuer à un facteur le rôle déterminant des recours thérapeutiques, car les comportements sont à la fois déterminés par les caractéristiques socio-démographiques de l’individu, de sa famille et par des paramètres contextuels, mais aussi par les caractéristiques de l’épisode morbide, par la connaissance du système de soins environnant et les attitudes vis-à-vis du système de soins. Néanmoins, nous pouvons dire qu’à Abidjan, les pratiques citadines du recours aux soins sont tributaires de la capacité économique des ménages avec le risque accru de marginaliser les personnes les plus vulnérables
The city of Abidjan is located in the South of the Ivory Coast. It is the economic capital since 1983 and the first city of the country. It concentrates human potential and health of dense care supply modern and diversified divided on weak physical distance, giving the impression that everything is approachable. In effect, the State Of the Ivory Coast approved important investments to construct and equip services of health care since the emergence of the city at the beginning of last century to ameliorate the access to health care of abidjanais. However, in spite of a considerable increase among health facilities and among their availability, the rates of uses and company of the services of modern health care in the spaces of the city of Abidjan remain weak and the indicators of health remain very worrying and the needs in care of health are important. On top of that, the space and demographic speeded up growth which knows the city draw away quick changes in her territorial organization preventing the public authorities made responsible with planning for following the rhythm of its urban growth. They did not always manage to equip new urban spaces with timely urban services and to integrate new citizens at the various origins. This thesis allows to be studying, how, in a considered context as privileged, settle the problems of access and health care seeking in the services of modern health. To accomplish this plan, this study, from the combination of spatial analysis, statistics, and field work, analyses the socio- spatial inequality of access to the services of health to head with the problem of accessibility in care, so physical, cultural, material that social. It also measures the adequacy of health care supply at the Needs in care of health of populations to identify zones and populations discriminated for the access to health care. And finally, this study analyses the city practices in the use of health care, as well as the determinants that hinder or facilitate access to health care in the city of Abidjan. Study results show that the services of health exist, they are dense and manifold, but they did not leave again where there are most needs in care of health. In our study, they also underline a predominance of the taking care at home of morbid episodes notably across self-medication and a reduction of the use of the services of modern care. The seeking in structures of health care becomes rare in the space where the needs in care of health are the most important. Self-medication or street medicine are the most favouring in general. Structures of health care are solicited that when illness becomes very serious. Our results also show that it is difficult to allocate to a factor the role determining therapeutic seeking, because behaviours are determined at the same time by the socio-demographic characteristics of the individual, his family and by contextual parameters, but also by the characteristics of morbid episode, by the knowledge of the ambient the health care system and attitudes in relation to the health care system. However, we can say that in Abidjan, the city practices of health care seeking are dependent on the economic capacity of household with risk augmented to marginalize the most vulnerable persons

L'accès aux soins de santé, notamment des plus pauvres, est une préoccupation au coeur des réflexions dans tous les systèmes politiques et juridiques nationaux. La question se pose davantage sur le continent africain où il existe peu de mécanismes de couverture santé. Les différents projets de Couverture maladie universelle initiés dans un certain nombre de pays africains tentent d'y apporter des solutions, mais peinent encore à se déployer. C'est le cas en Côte d'Ivoire depuis l'entrée en vigueur, le 1er octobre 2019, de la loi n°2014-131 du 24 mars 2014 instituant la Couverture maladie universelle. En dehors des travailleurs salariés et des fonctionnaires en activité ou à la retraite, les populations intègrent lentement et difficilement la CMU pourtant obligatoire pourtous. Il faut dire que le projet fait l'objet de critiques et de peu d'adhésion de la part de la population. Il pèche également par ses dispositions qui alimentent ces critiques, notamment sur la durée du délai de carence s’imposant à l’assuré, le caractère obligatoire de l'activité professionnelle pour les étrangers, le manque d'ouverture à d'autres formes de médecine telle que la médecine traditionnelle. Cela dit, l'exercice du droit fondamental à la santé dans un environnement marqué par un secteur informel important et une population à majorité pauvre passe par un système obligatoire et solidaire de mutualisation du risque comme la CMU. Reste à déterminer le modèle adéquat, notamment en termes de financement, afin de mettre en adéquation son objectifd’universalité et le contexte dans lequel il est mis en oeuvre
Access to health care, particularly for the poorest, is a central concern in all national political and legal systems. The issue is more acute on the African continent, where there are few health coverage mechanisms. The various Universal Health Coverage projects initiated in a number of African countries are attempting to provide solutions, but are still struggling to get off the ground. This has been the case in Côte d'Ivoire since law no. 2014-131 of 24 March 2014 instituting Universal Health Coverage came into force on 1 October 2019. Apart from salaried workers and civil servants, both active and retired, people are slowly and painstakingly integrating the CMU, despite the fact that it is compulsory for everyone. It has to be said that the project is the subject of criticism and little support from the population. It is also flawed by its provisions, which fuel these criticisms, in particular the length of the waiting period imposed on the insured, the compulsory nature of professional activity for foreigners, and the lack of openness to other forms of medicine such as traditionalmedicine. That said, if the fundamental right to health is to be exercised in an environment characterised by a large informal sector and a predominantly poor population, a compulsory, solidarity-based risk-pooling system such as the CMU is needed. What remains to be done is to determine the appropriate model, particularly in terms of funding, so as to match its universal objective with the context in which it is implemented

Cette recherche traite de la prise en charge de la dyslexie chez les élèves du cycle primaire en France et en Côte d'Ivoire. La dyslexie est un trouble spécifique et durable de l'apprentissage de la lecture. Elle concerne 5% de la population scolaire. Dans cette étude, il est question d'établir le diagnostic de la dyslexie avec des outils d'évaluation spécifiques et de mettre enplace un protocole de prise en charge. L'hypothèse principale de cette étude était que lescauses de la dyslexie seraient d'ordre psycho-Affectif. La pédagogie relationnelle du langageest l'approche thérapeutique adoptée pour la prise en charge des enfants dyslexiques. Il ressort de cette étude que les étiologies de la dyslexie varient selon le cadre d' étude et la langue maternelle. En France, ou le français est la langue maternelle de nos sujets, il a été prouvé que les causes de la dyslexie sont d'ordre psycho-Affectif. En revanche en Côte d'Ivoire, ou le français est une langue seconde, les causes de la dyslexie sont d'ordre socio-Environnemental
This research deals with taking care of primary pupils in Côte d'Ivoire. Dyslexia is a lastingand specific trouble of learning reading. That trouble is frequent in education area andconcours about 5% children according the expertise of INSERM. In order to lead our researchtwo fields are chosen: France, Côte d'Ivoire. We identified the typs of dyslexia and we settleda taking care of dyslexic children. According relational pedagogy of language, dyslexia has apsycho-Affective origin. To a first time the accent is put at the relational during reeducationbefore working a its technical aspects. It springs of analysis that causes of dyslexia changeaccording the area. In France, french is the mother tongue of our sample. Dyslexia wouldhave a psycho affective origins to 4/5 children. In Côte d'Ivoire, where French is a secondlanguage, the origin of dyslexia seems to be socio environnnemental and psycho affective