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Bartolotti, Fabien. "Le port de Marseille face aux bouleversements économiques des années 1945-1992 : rythmes, stratégies des acteurs, enjeux environnementaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0031.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis aims to pursue the historical research carried out over the last twenty years on the economy of Marseille in the contemporary era. The changes that took place in the second half of the twentieth century (1945-1992) led to the gradual disappearance of a centuries-old system that combined the import of raw materials from colonial overseas, processing in coastal areas, and then re-exporting the resulting products to the hinterland or foreland. At the same time as the iconic branches of this system were weakening – oil and soap, mineral chemicals, food processing activities – some companies resisted the wave of closures, while other sectors were emerging – oil, steel, container logistics – in connection with the western expansion of port infrastructures towards Lavéra from 1952, then towards the Gulf of Fos-sur-Mer from 1968.Without easy access to the documents of the period in public archives, the causes, rhythms, stakeholders and precise details of these phenomena remain unknown. The files of the Port autonome de Marseille (Autonomous Port of Marseille) created in 1966, supplemented by the archives of the port authorities that preceded it, have shed new light on the situation since the end of the Second World War. Containing rich documentation on the strategies, discourses and representations of the stakeholders as well as unpublished quantitative data, they also allow an examination of the environmental issues raised by the creation of the Fos complex, symbol of a productivistic, polluting and energy-consuming model of development at the very heart of the "Glorious Thirties"
Issingui, Zachée. "Les stratégies des groupes chimiques et la restructuration de la chimie lourde". Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100057.
Pełny tekst źródłaPenilla, Sonia. "Evaluation des risques liés aux émissions d'industries métallurgiques : impact sur les sols, influence d'un milieu réducteur". Limoges, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIMO0064.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoukeur, Abderraouf. "Valorisation des éléments de terres rares par procédés membranaires (ETR lourds)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN1S073.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis integrates the general framework of the scientific research theme of the laboratory of hydrometallurgy and molecular inorganic chemistry ex valorization of ores of the USTHB. The work concerns the valorization of heavy rare earth elements (HREE) contained in secondary resources, in particular mining by-products and end-of-life electronic equipment, by innovative and low-cost processes. This work deals with the feasibility of separation techniques for the recovery of heavy rare earth elements (HREE) from an industrial waste resulting from the exploitation of phosphate ores of "Djebel Onk" in the eastern region of Tebessa in Algeria and electronic waste after leaching leading to solutions enriched in rare earth elements followed by an extraction using organophosphorus extractants and/or membrane processes. Samples labelled T1 to T7 of apatite ore from Djebel Onk (Tébessa, Algeria) were provided by the company Somiphos. Based on the analyses that were performed on all samples, sample T1 was selected in this study as containing the highest content of REEs. The solid residues were first leached with three different inorganic acids (HNO3, H2SO4, and H3PO4) at various concentrations and leaching times in an attempt to achieve the optimal parameters. The results of the leaching tests show a very high yield of REEs with HNO3 acid of 3N concentration during 24h, then a liquid-liquid extraction was implemented with two exctactants TOPO and D2EHPA and micro flotation tests using sodium oleate and alkylhydroxylamine as collectors under different conditions. Significant phosphate recovery rates were obtained. In addition, a series of membranes were synthesized or modified (NF270, NF90, NP030 and SB90) with the prospect of being used for rare earth separation. All the elaborated membranes have been characterized. The results obtained allow us to propose a protocol to valorize the REEs contained in the secondary resources. The NF90 membrane modified by PEI/PDA for 48h allowed the best purification yields to be obtained
Cloquet, Christophe. "Géochimie élémentaire et isotopique des métaux lourds : applications environnementales en tissu urbain et industriel". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2005_CLOQUET_C.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn 2001, an urban waste incinerator equipped for power recuperation (UVE) was installed in the city of Metz. Samples of the UVE effluents were collected to characterize the mineralogical, chemical and isotopic behaviour of the metals and their environmental impact. Excess concentrations of the heavy metals as well as heavy Cd and Zn isotopes enrichment are found in the Trémie 2 ashes. Such an enrichment can be explained by kinetic fractionation during the condensation process. Elemental and isotopic analyses of epiphytic lichens, collected from Metz and the surrounding area before the UVE, were used to construct an urban atmospheric fall-out map and the evolution 2 years after. The application of Cd isotopes to an area polluted by a smelter demonstrates the potential of Cd isotopes for tracing environmental pollutants
Audet, Julien Mathieu. "Conception et validation expérimentale d’un système mécatronique pour la manipulation intuitive de composantes lourdes". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66710.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis Master's thesis presents the design and experimental validation of a mechatronic system aimed at facilitating the handling of heavy components in industrial assembly situations, for example the assembly of aircraft fuselage panels. The principle of underactuated redundancy is used to make the interaction between the human operator and the robot safe, intuitive and responsive, while allowing a relatively high payload. This principle consists in using a low-impedance passive mechanism paired with an active system with a payload directly attached to the passive mechanism's end e ector. In the operation of the device, the human operator directly manipulates the payload and thereby induces movements in the passive mechanism. The measured joint variables in the passive mechanism are then used to control the high-impedance active joints of the robot. In previous works, the principle of underactuated redundancy has been applied to translational movements. The aim of this Master's thesis is therefore to apply the principle of underactuated redundancy to rotations in order to rotate a payload in three-dimensional space. First, the principle is applied to a one-degree-of-freedom planar manipulator in order to evaluate the validity of the concept for rotational motions. Then, it is applied to a two-degree-of-freedom spatial manipulator. Active counterweights are used to statically balance the two manipulators. It should be noted that the last rotational motion is not studied since it is easy to implement; static balancing is not required for the rotation around the vertical axis. Subsequently, the rotational system obtained previously is combined with an existing translational system with the objective of freely manipulating a payload in six-dimensional space. The experimental validations are presented to show that the manipulator is safe, intuitive and responsive for the human operator.
Meux, Eric. "Les polysulfures : réactif d'inertage des métaux lourds dans les déchets sidérurgiques". Metz, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1994/Meux.Eric.SMZ9430.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaFaced with the environment protection, the management of steelmaking wastes brings up the problem of the leaching of heavy metals like zinc, lead or cadmium. For dust and sludge intended for landfilling, a reaction of sulfuration is an average to make inert these toxic elements in the form of insoluble components. The study of a process concerns the chemical action of polysulfides solutions. The synthesis of this kind of reagent is optimised and the control of solutions focused. The kinetic of sulfuration of different mineralogical forms of zinc, the most problematical element for steel industry, is studied. It evidences the mineralogical transformation of leaching phases with a reaction time quite compatible with an industrial operation. The bases of a simple and rapid sulfuration process are established in treating wastes arising from different stages of steelmaking. The detoxication reality is proved by means of leaching tests. Therefore, an industrial application can be considered
Reynal, Preud'homme Caroline. "Comportement du chrome et de l'arsenic dans une nappe libre sous un site industriel". Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3025.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main goal of this work is to identify the geochemical mechanisms controlling the solubility and mobility of As and Cr in a superficial aquifer under an industrial plant (production of sulphuric acid and copper sulphate. In this context, we used three approaches: water and solids sampling campaigns, laboratory experiments (batch and column experiments) and geochemical modelling (software PHREEQC). The contaminated zone is characterised by high concentrations of Cu, As and Cr and a strong acidic water. The unpolluted area is characterised by neutral to basic pH and low concentrations of elements. This neutral pH is probably due to carbonate dissolution. The buffer capacity of the solids induce the As and Cr sorption in the medium (especially in lack of chelating agent). The As and Cr solubility seems to be controlled by precipitation and adsorption onto iron hydroxides. Cr seems to precipitate in form of hydroxide and As in form of coprecipitate with Fe(III) and copper arsenates
Fendeleur, Sylvie. "Métaux lourds et incinération de déchets industriels : spécification et localisation des éléments métalliques dans les différentes phases (solides, liquides, gazeuses) issues du traitement". Mulhouse, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MULH0517.
Pełny tekst źródłaBonazebi, Antoine. "Extraction des composés de métaux lourds contenus dans la jarosite décomposée par des déchets organiques". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL059N.
Pełny tekst źródłaDauga, Christine. "Impact de l'épandage d'une boue residuaire industrielle, riche en Mg, Mn, Cu, Pb et Zn sur une couverture ferralitique en climat tropical (SP, Brésil) : minéralogie, pétrologie et transferts géochimiques". Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30027.
Pełny tekst źródłaDappe, Vincent. "Impact de la pollution de l'air en milieu industriel sur l'accumulation et le transfert foliaire des métaux dans les végétaux". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10174/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIndustrial activities such as production and recycling of ferrous and non-ferrous metals can emit in the atmosphere large quantities of metal(loid)s-rich particles (As, Cd, Fe, Pb, Sb, Zn …) which may have an impact on the environment and human health. Especially when these industries are located near urban areas, particles can contaminate soils and plants when they fallout, thus inducing a health risk for the population. Contamination of vegetables by metals is a topic of concern for public authorities and the scientific community. Studying the accumulation and transfer of metal(loid)s in food webs is therefore of major importance to assess health risks. The plant contamination by the soil-plant transfer has led to numerous studies and the contamination of vegetables by foliar pathway can't be ignored, as shown by recent work. The study of accumulation and transfer of metals (metalloids) has been carried out in situ and under controlled conditions for various consumable plants with different morphological characteristics (lettuce, ryegrass and cabbage). The accumulation and transfer of metals and their phytotoxicity, characterized by microscopy and spectrometric techniques (SEM-EDX, Raman, EXAFS/XANES, LA-ICP-MS, EPR…) and biological tests (photosynthetic activity, genotoxicity, gene expression), have been discussed in terms of metals concentration, metals location and speciation on/into leaves and exposure time
Venditti, Danielle. "Sols industriels contaminés par les métaux : caractérisation biogéochimique, approche biomoléculaire de la diversité microbienne et faisabilité d'un traitement de dépollution". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10325.
Pełny tekst źródłaTaty-Costodes, Victorien Christian. "Adsorption des métaux lourds cadmium (II) et plomb (II) par la sciure de pin sylvestre : application aux traitements des effluents liquides industriels". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066314.
Pełny tekst źródłaSadaoui, Zahra. "Etude des conditions de récupération de métaux lourds contenus dans les rejets aqueux, par ultrafiltration assistée : cas du chrome hexavalent". Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30078.
Pełny tekst źródłaPillaud, Jean-Louis. "Application de l'oxydation anodique au traitement de certains effluents industriels". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376089134.
Pełny tekst źródłaBoussard, Marc. "Dynamique du mercure dans un sol industriel de la plaine de la Crau : étude en conditions contrôlées des mécanismes de circulation en phases aqueuse et gazeuse". Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30065.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe forecast of the short and medium term’s behavior of mercury in a surface soil requires the determination, on the one hand, the main mechanisms characterizing its potential migration and, on the other hand, the evolution of its speciation, in this environment. The industrial site studied here, located in the plain of Crau (south of France), was initially polluted with metalic mercury. Chemical extractions highlighted the presence of methylmercury up to 1 mg/kg of soil, pointing out the transformation of metal mercury. They’ve also shown the presence of potential labile mercury in the soil solution, reaching 16% of the total depending of the layer, this mobility increasing with depth. Moreover, the development of specific columns made it possible to show an ascending mouvement of mercury, in the gas phase, and its strong re-fixation, in the surface layer. Finally, the existence of a double circulation of mercury inside the soil of this particular site has been shown : one ascending, in gas phase, leading to a tight segregation of mercury; the other, in aqueous phase and downward, where the element
Saidani, Michael. "Monitoring and advancing the circular economy transition : Circularity indicators and tools applied to the heavy vehicle industry". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC071/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaImplementing circular economy practices is increasingly acknowledged as a convenient solution to meet the goals of sustainable development. Meanwhile, there is at present no recognized way of measuring how effectively a region or a company is in making the transition to a circular economy, nor holistic monitoring tools for supporting such a process. New methods and tools are required to support industrial practitioners in their transition towards more circular practices, as well as to monitor the effects of circular economy adoption. In absence of regulations addressing the end-of-life management of their fleet, the heavy vehicles industry is both a challenging and promising industrial sector – of huge economic and environmental importance, but barely addressed from a research perspective – that needs to be boosted in its move to a more circular economy. An in-depth preliminary study reveals indeed huge potential to develop circular strategies and solutions in the heavy vehicles sector. This research explores the improvement potential for closing industrial material and components loops.On this basis, the objectives of the present Ph.D. thesis are: to provide an integrated and comprehensive framework to measure, improve and monitor the circularity performance of complex industrial systems; to identify the best mechanisms and action levers to close the loop on heavy vehicles and associated key components - providing thus decision-making support for the end-of-life management of heavy vehicles. At the intersection of design engineering and industrial ecology, this Ph.D thesis - by articles - aims to provide new meaningful insights both for academics and industrial practitioners. In fact, for each chapter, academic publications and industrial deliverables are given, illustrating and disseminating both theoretical contributions and practical implications. For instance, it includes: a proposed taxonomy of circularity indicators and its associated selection tool; an experimentation and critical analysis of several circularity indicators on a heavy vehicle’s key component; the design of a multi-tool methodology to model, simulate and quantify the impact of potential circular strategies; an industrial pilot study on an end-of-life heavy vehicle, dealing with the techno-economic and environmental analysis of possible recovery options
Dandrieux, Aurélia. "Etude expérimentale de l'efficacité des rideaux d'eau mobiles face à un rejet de gaz lourds (ammoniac, chlore)". Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11025.
Pełny tekst źródłaNafeh, Kassir Lina. "Les métaux lourds dans les engrais phosphatés et les sulfates rejetés par les industries des fertilisants : recherche sur leur transfert et leur mobilité dans les sols libanais". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0332/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo determine the impact and risk of chemical fertilizers, from their manufacture to their amendment, on soil contamination by trace metals, the study of their mobility and transfer would be necessary. The objective of this work was to evaluate the source of soil contamination by trace elements around the industry of chemical fertilizers, and to follow the temporal evolution of mobility and transfer of these elements in the profile of agricultural soil amended by superphosphate (SSP) fertilizers or phosphogypsum. To achieve our objective, we used techniques allowing the determination of structural and mineralogical characterization of collected soil samples, such as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Chemical characterization related to the total concentration of trace and major elements of collected soils was established. As mobility was unstable over time, depending on several physico-chemical parameters such as pH, redox potential, and organic matter content, a sequential extraction was adopted throughout the study over time in the amended soil profile to a depth of 55 cm. In addition, the absorption of trace elements by agricultural crops cultivated over land amended with fertilizer or phosphogypsum was analyzed over time to assess the risk of their transfer to the food chain, especially the human food chain, imposing health hazards. A comparison between the effects of the application of phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizer was carried out in concluding this work
Nafeh, Kassir Lina. "Les métaux lourds dans les engrais phosphatés et les sulfates rejetés par les industries des fertilisants : recherche sur leur transfert et leur mobilité dans les sols libanais". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0332.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo determine the impact and risk of chemical fertilizers, from their manufacture to their amendment, on soil contamination by trace metals, the study of their mobility and transfer would be necessary. The objective of this work was to evaluate the source of soil contamination by trace elements around the industry of chemical fertilizers, and to follow the temporal evolution of mobility and transfer of these elements in the profile of agricultural soil amended by superphosphate (SSP) fertilizers or phosphogypsum. To achieve our objective, we used techniques allowing the determination of structural and mineralogical characterization of collected soil samples, such as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Chemical characterization related to the total concentration of trace and major elements of collected soils was established. As mobility was unstable over time, depending on several physico-chemical parameters such as pH, redox potential, and organic matter content, a sequential extraction was adopted throughout the study over time in the amended soil profile to a depth of 55 cm. In addition, the absorption of trace elements by agricultural crops cultivated over land amended with fertilizer or phosphogypsum was analyzed over time to assess the risk of their transfer to the food chain, especially the human food chain, imposing health hazards. A comparison between the effects of the application of phosphogypsum and phosphate fertilizer was carried out in concluding this work
Bouanda, Jamila. "Interaction de résidus issus de matières végétales avec les métaux lourds : Application à la dépollution des effluents industriels : Thèse de doctorat en sciences spécialité chimie". Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMS007.
Pełny tekst źródłaMijno, Violaine. "Modifications de la composition de déchets métallifères, miniers et industriels, stabilisés par liants hydrauliques et soumis à des tests de lixiviation". Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6f5b340b-3fef-467e-af61-14e7675f4edc/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4014.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaCement-based stabilization/solidification (s/s) is a widely used treatment process for industrial and mining waste. S/s used physical and chemical properties of biding agent, to decrease pollutants leaching toward environment. Two cement matrices are used (Portland cement only or with fly ash addition). Pollutants bearing phases are sulphurs and iron oxides, for mining waste. In industrial waste, copper is incorporated in the C-S-H (1,2 %). The samples are subjected to three leaching tests to simulate the storage conditions and to understand contaminant immobilization. Exposure to the mining acid drainage shows the succession of several leaching front for the industrial waste with a particular zone of accumulation of contaminants. Cement matrix of mining waste samples is preferentially consumed compared to the mineral phases. The exchanges with an acid rainwater show a weak leach of contaminants (< 15 Cu ppm). For an in-depth storage with groundwater contact, a carbonation zone is formed decreasing the leaching process of copper
Verwilghen, Cédric. "Fixation des métaux lourds par des phosphates de calcium dans le traitement des fumées d’usines d’incinération d’ordures ménagères". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30253.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim was to determine the effect of calcium phosphate additions to usual sorbents (lime and sodium bicarbonate) in order to improve heavy metal abatement in solid waste incinerator flue gases. The first part describes the synthesis of hydroxyapatite precursors with large specific surface area and high reactivity. The influence of the various preparation conditions is investigated and optimum synthesis parameters determined. The second part describes the interactions between the hydroxyapatite precursors, lime and cadmium chloride selected as target heavy metal. This study was undertaken at the laboratory bench scale as well as the industrial pilot scale with converging results. Evidence collected shows that large specific surface area hydroxyapatite interacts strongly with cadmium chloride in the gas phase and reduces metal emissions under the experimental conditions explored. This is interpreted as a consequence of cadmium substituted hydroxyapatite formation with high stability
Dazy, Marc. "Caractérisation de la colonisation spontanée par les plantes de sols pollués : rôle des systèmes cellulaires de détoxication". Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ027S/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe studied the revegetation of an industrial wasteland soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Different approaches were chosen in order to characterize the first steps of a plant succession and to elucidate the cellular mechanisms involved in plant metal tolerance. Experiments on plots filled with a soil collected from the former coke factory site of Neuves-Maisons (54, France) highlighted the importance of soil seed banks and seed rains in the establishment of a pioneer community on a polluted soil. The study of the plots flora allowed us to prove that the pioneer community, essentially composed of annuals and biannuals during the first year, was gradually colonized by perennials and clonal plants which dominated the second successionnal year. In addition, the comparison of communities established on control and polluted soil suggested a soil phytotoxicity leading to losses of species richness and diversity. Nevertheless, such differences seemed to decrease progressively during the succession process. At last, in the species that survived and grew in the polluted soil, leaf antioxidant enzymes responded, confirming their putative crucial role in the colonization success of these species. However, we showed that this success could also be due to a production of seeds more tolerant toward soil contaminants. Moreover, the study of transects in the industrial wasteland of Homecourt (54, France), a former coke factory site, gave supplementary data, highlighting the relationship between community descriptors (species richness, Shannon-Weaver s diversity indice) and soil Cd and Hg concentrations. Moreover, for the species present along the transects (Arrhenaterum elatius, Euphorbia cyparissias or Tanacetum vulgare), the measurements of antioxidants defences and phytochelatin levels revealed a metallic stress. Nevertheless, the abundance of the species was not related to soil pollutant concentrations. The possible environmental applications of these results will be also discussed
Kierczak, Jakub. "Spéciation solide du nickel et du chrome dans un site minier et industriel à usage agricole (Szklary, Pologne)". Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/9a2fbfbb-1238-4d3e-af9f-c2d3e533d23f/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4034.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe geological unit called Szklary Massif comprises two environments containing Ni and Cr from diverse origins: lithogenic (serpentine soils) and anthropogenic (pyrometallurgical waste) origins. The study was dedicated to investigate the distribution and mobility of Ni and Cr occurring within this small area. The approach is first based on mineralogical characterization of the Ni and Cr bearing minerals using analytical instrumental methods (XRD, SEM-EDS, EPMA, micro Raman, TEM, ICP-MS). Later complementary chemical extractions not only provide information about the actual solid speciation of Cr, Ni. They also allow discussing about potential mobility and forthcoming environmental impact induced by the abundance of Ni and Cr and by the presence of other elements (Co, Cu, Pb and Zn), especially in soils cultivated in the dump vicinity. The multidisciplinary approach gives concordant and complementary results. The direct mineralogical approach, consisting in characterization of primary and secondary mineral phases, provides qualitative information about the stability of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in minerals in the present weathering conditions (well drained soils, enriched in organic matter, within neutral to basic pH, submitted to transitional temperate climatic conditions). The chemical extractions specify the solid speciation of PTE in a quantitative way and evidence implication of organic and amorphous phases in the PTE immobilization. In addition, mineralogical investigations of the solid residues after sequential extractions allow assessment of the real effect of the chemical extractants used on the studied materials. The use of combined approach evidenced relative stability of Cr compared to Ni. Moreover, the study confirms contamination of the cultivated soils located next to the waste dump. The environmental risk is related not only with Ni and Cr but also with other PTE such as Zn and Cu, which are present in significant proportions within biodisponible fractions
Saidani, Michael. "Monitoring and advancing the circular economy transition : Circularity indicators and tools applied to the heavy vehicle industry". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC071.
Pełny tekst źródłaImplementing circular economy practices is increasingly acknowledged as a convenient solution to meet the goals of sustainable development. Meanwhile, there is at present no recognized way of measuring how effectively a region or a company is in making the transition to a circular economy, nor holistic monitoring tools for supporting such a process. New methods and tools are required to support industrial practitioners in their transition towards more circular practices, as well as to monitor the effects of circular economy adoption. In absence of regulations addressing the end-of-life management of their fleet, the heavy vehicles industry is both a challenging and promising industrial sector – of huge economic and environmental importance, but barely addressed from a research perspective – that needs to be boosted in its move to a more circular economy. An in-depth preliminary study reveals indeed huge potential to develop circular strategies and solutions in the heavy vehicles sector. This research explores the improvement potential for closing industrial material and components loops.On this basis, the objectives of the present Ph.D. thesis are: to provide an integrated and comprehensive framework to measure, improve and monitor the circularity performance of complex industrial systems; to identify the best mechanisms and action levers to close the loop on heavy vehicles and associated key components - providing thus decision-making support for the end-of-life management of heavy vehicles. At the intersection of design engineering and industrial ecology, this Ph.D thesis - by articles - aims to provide new meaningful insights both for academics and industrial practitioners. In fact, for each chapter, academic publications and industrial deliverables are given, illustrating and disseminating both theoretical contributions and practical implications. For instance, it includes: a proposed taxonomy of circularity indicators and its associated selection tool; an experimentation and critical analysis of several circularity indicators on a heavy vehicle’s key component; the design of a multi-tool methodology to model, simulate and quantify the impact of potential circular strategies; an industrial pilot study on an end-of-life heavy vehicle, dealing with the techno-economic and environmental analysis of possible recovery options
Khalfi, Az-Eddine. "Etude du comportement dans diverses conditions de combustion, de déchets de bois, représentatifs de la filière ameublement". Mulhouse, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MULH0610.
Pełny tekst źródłaLakhchaf, Nadia. "Nanofiltration d'ions et de complexes en solution. Application au traitement d'effluents nickelés par couplage complexation, nanofiltration, électrolyse". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20122.
Pełny tekst źródłaMassari, Michelle. "Étude du pouvoir épurateur de divers matériaux de l'Ile de la Réunion vis à vis d'effluents domestiques et industriels". Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX11267.
Pełny tekst źródłaGrevet, Jean-François. "Au cœur de la révolution automobile, l'industrie française du poids lourd du plan Pons au regroupement Berliet-SAVIEM : marchés, industries et Etat en France (1944-1974)". Lille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL30032.
Pełny tekst źródłaBrockhagen, Dietrich. "Distorsions de concurrence dans un système international de permis négociables : théorie et analyse empirique de l'industrie lourde dans l'Union européenne". Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0091.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe first part develops a theory of distortions of competition among competing firms, induced by differences in the method and/or stringency of national allocation of greenhouse gas emission permits in an international emissions trading system. By applying neoclassical theory on output optimisation, price setting and other factors such as R&D expenditures, five potentially distorting effects are identified for perfect and imperfect markets. The second part develops economic indicators and a two tier approach, which can be applied empirically, in order to test wether an industry is vulnerable to the potential effects found before. The third part applies the two tier approach empirically to four sectors of the energy intensive in the EU : steel making, cement, oil refining and electricity generation. The steel industry is the most vulnerable industry, followed by oil refining, whereas cement and electricity are not vulnerable. At a permit price of 20€/ton CO2, and with national allocations that differ more tha 40% in terms of allowed emissions per ton product output, this thesis predicts that some steel makers would be forced out of the market
Chaligné, Sébastien. "Contrôle du sillage d'un corps non profilé : application expérimentale à une maquette simplifiée de véhicule industriel". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995837.
Pełny tekst źródłaSalvarredy, Aranguren Matías Miguel. "Contamination en métaux lourds des eaux de surface et des sédiments du Val de Milluni (Andes Boliviennes) par des déchets miniers : approches géochimique, minéralogique et hydrochimiques". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/456/.
Pełny tekst źródłaHeavy metal contamination has been investigated in the Milluni valley (Bolivia, high plateau, 4800 m asl) combining geochemical, mineralogical and hydrochemical approaches. For each metal, the mineral source was determined, as well as the geochemical process leading to the weathering of primary minerals into tertiary minerals. The knowledge of the ongoing geochemical processes and of the hydrochemical budgets allowed to determining the origin, the transport pathways and the control parameters of the metals in this environment. Finally, the cores in lake sediments and in peat-bogs of the valley allowed assessing the historical behaviour of heavy metal contamination, especially during the last century
Soobadar, Aneeza. "Impacts agronomiques et environnementaux de l'épandage de vinasse et de cendre de charbon/bagasse sur les terres agricoles de l'Île Maurice". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464233.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaillet, Francis. "Evaluation des capacités de biosorption de la bactérie Thiobacillus ferrooxidans et application à la conception d'un procédé de traitement d'effluent contenant des métaux lourds : cas du cadmium et du chrome". Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0151.
Pełny tekst źródłaSzmigiel, Mathieu. "Etude du flux de soubassement sur la dynamique du sillage d'un corps non profilé à culot droit : Application du contrôle actif pour la réduction de traînée de véhicule industriel". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEC016/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis PhD thesis was realized in the scope of a collaboration with Renault Trucks and the LMFA in view of an evaluation of the relevance of active flow control for the drag reduction industrial vehicle. The two main objectives of this experimental work are to analyze the impact of the underbody flow on the wake dynamics and to study a flow control strategy combining inclined flaps (located on the upper and lateral edges of the rear base) with pulsed jet actuators for reducing the aerodynamic drag of a square-back bluff body. The wake development for several underbody velocities ranging from 10% to more than 80% of the free-stream velocity is studied on a simplified truck model at scale 1 :43. Rear base pressure measurements lead to the identification of four flow classes associated with different wake structures highlighted by 2D-3C PIV measurements. The wake of the first flow class obtained for very low underbody velocities looks like that of the wake of a 3D backward facing step. For higher underbody velocities, the underbody flow is separated from the ground impaging either the rear base or the upper shear layer triggering Kelvin-Helmoltz instabilities for this last case. Finally, the fourth class is characterized by a wake comparable to that of the Ahmed body. The implementation of inclined flaps at the rear base increases the base pressure for all classes. This increase is mainly due to the vectoring effect of the flow. An active control system is integrated to a 1 :8 scale model geometrically identical to that of the 1 :43 scale model with flaps. Two upper flap angles are tested to have (i) a natural flow attached to the flap and (ii) a natural flow detached from the flap. In comparison to the case without active flow control, drag reductions are obtained only for a specific range of actuation frequencies only in case (ii). These gains are associated with the reattachment of the flow on the flap. Finally, the robustness of the pressure gains is successfully tested in crosswind conditions
Geoffroy, Séverine. "Mise en évidence des phénomènes galvaniques engageant la pyrite FeS[indice 2] par microscopie de sonde SRET : étude de son oxydation et de son aptitude à fixer les métaux lourds comme l'argent et le mercure". Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10127.
Pełny tekst źródłaTapia, Zamora Joseline Soledad. "Sources, mobilité et biodisponibilité des métaux traces et métalloïdes dans la ville minière d'Oruro sur l'altiplano bolivien". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1813/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study was performed within the main altiplanic hydrological system constituted by the Lake Titicaca-Desaguadero River- Lake Poopó-Coipasa salar (TDPS) sub-basins. This region is characterized by the presence of two highly mineralized ranges: the Cordillera Occidental related to epithermal and sedimentary Cu deposits and the Cordillera Oriental associated with numerous metallogenic belts, where the Bolivian Tin Belt is very well known. The Oruro Department is located in the central part of this belt. This study has been motivated by the fact that despite this city has been exposed to intense mining activities since the XVIIth century, very little is known about the geochemical characteristics and the dispersion processes affecting this area. A detailed geochemistry study was performed in five lacustrine sedimentary cores (Lake Uru Uru). Statistical analyses of sediment and soil concentrations allowed us to propose a geochemical background and a present time geochemical baseline for the Altiplano sediments and has allowed us to propose that the upper continental crust (UCC) composition is not adequate to obtain enrichment factors in this region, naturally enriched in trace metals and metalloids. Furthermore, we propose that the anthropogenic impact in superficial soils is associated with trace elements dispersion from the Vinto Foundry, whereas Lake Uru Uru sediments are related to mining activities. Post-depositional redistribution of trace metals and metalloids during early diagenesis are related to a change in chemical speciation of these elements and moreover, authigenic enrichment, mainly as sulfides. Particularly, Fe and Mn oxyhydroxides destabilization plays a preponderant role in this redistribution. Early diagenesis is influenced importantly by seasonal precipitation variability, with an important role of evaporation. Trace elements diffusion into the water-sediment interface, controlled by concentration gradients resulting from redox reactions during early diagenesis, show that Lake Uru Uru sediments are a source of trace metals and metalloids, particularly arsenic, into the overlying water column. This work has also shown that trace metals and metalloids deposition within Lake Uru Uru sediments is mainly influenced by three sources : local geology, authigenic minerals formation during early diagenesis influenced probably by cold ENSO (La Niña) events and mining origin gangues and ores
Cattin, Johana. "Consideration of dynamic traffic conditions in the estimation of industrial vehicules energy consumption while integrating driving assistance strategies". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSET003/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe industrial world, and in particular the automotive industry, is seeking to best represent the real world in order to design tools and products that are best adapted to current challenges and markets, by reducing development times and prototyping costs. With this in mind, the Volvo Group has developed powerful tools to simulate the dynamics of industrial vehicles. These tools allow the optimization of vehicle components or control strategies. Many research activities focus on innovative technologies to reduce the consumption of industrial vehicles and increase the safety of their use in different environments. Particularly, the development of ITS and ADAS is booming. In order to be able to develop these systems, a simulation environment must be set up to take into account the various factors that can influence the driving of a vehicle. The work focuses on simulating the vehicle environment and the interactions between the vehicle and its direct environment, i.e. the vehicle in front of it. The interactions between the vehicle under study and the vehicle in front of it are modelled using mathematical models, called car-following models. Many models exist in the literature, but few of them deals specifically with heavy duty vehicles. A specific focus on these models and their calibration is realized. The vehicle environment can be represented by two categories of parameters: static (intersections, number of lanes) and dynamic parameters (state of the network). From a database of usuals roads, these parameters are computed, then, they are used to automatically generate realist traffic simulation scenarios
Schwartz, Christophe. "Phytoextraction des métaux des sols pollués par la plante hyperaccumulatrice Thlaspi caerulescens". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_SCHWARTZ_C.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDimbour, Jean-Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale et à la modélisation de l'influence de dispositifs de protection de type rideau d'eau sur la dispersion atmosphérique d'un rejet de gaz lourd se produisant depuis un local de stockage de chlore liquiéfié sous pression". Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX11036.
Pełny tekst źródłaClement, Corinne. "Etude de coulis hydrauliques pour la retention des cations polluants pb, cd, hg, sr, cs". Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENMP0091.
Pełny tekst źródłaZakaria, Khaled. "Caractérisation d'un nouveau matériau et valorisation dans les barrières perméables réactives". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805274.
Pełny tekst źródłaOndet, Jérôme. "Adaptation d'une torche à plasma à couplage inductif à la détection de polluants dans les effluents des centrales thermiques". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF2A002.
Pełny tekst źródłaBeaumel, Christian. "Extrusion des pâtes d'argiles". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0056.
Pełny tekst źródłaAuguy, Florence. "Identification de gènes impliqués dans la tolérance au plomb chez la brassicacée Hirschfeldia incana". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20141/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaExploited, and then abandoned, mining sites, in the oriental Morocco, have polluted the neighboring regions, by dispersion of mining wastes containing Pb. Facing this problem, it is necessary to develop phytomanagement programs. Nevertheless, these project realisations encountered two major constraints: weak metallophyte plant diversity and misunderstanding of Pb tolerance mechanisms. In this context, the objectif of my work was to select plants compatible with a phytoremediation program and to identify genes implicated in lead tolerance. Firstly, soil and mining waste analysis has revealed an important polymetallic pollution of the studied region. Then, floristic explorations had permitted to identify a plant of the brassicaceae family, Hirschfeldia incana, which is predominant on the polluted mining regions and accumulated Pb. Pb accumulation in H. incana was confirmed in controlled conditions and a candidate gene approach has shown the lead tolerance implication of two genes, one coding for a metallothionein (MT2A) and the other a membrane transporter (HMA4). Finally, the transcriptome comparison from H. incana and A. thaliana has generated a list of candidate genes putatively implicated in Pb tolerance. Functional analysis of four genes, coding a ferretin, a metallothionein, a copper binding protein and a defensin, has permitted to clarify their role in Pb tolerance
Nicquevert, Bertrand. "Manager l'interface. Approche par la complexité du processus collaboratif de conception, d'intégration et de réalisation : modèle transactionnel de l'acteur d'interface et dynamique des espaces d'échanges". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789791.
Pełny tekst źródłaElmoussaoui, Abdeloihid. "Application de l’analyse factorielle et de la classification automatique à une étude chronologique multidimensionnelle : cas du marché pétrolier français". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066504.
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