Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Industries chimiques – Environnement”
Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych
Sprawdź 22 najlepszych rozpraw doktorskich naukowych na temat „Industries chimiques – Environnement”.
Przycisk „Dodaj do bibliografii” jest dostępny obok każdej pracy w bibliografii. Użyj go – a my automatycznie utworzymy odniesienie bibliograficzne do wybranej pracy w stylu cytowania, którego potrzebujesz: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver itp.
Możesz również pobrać pełny tekst publikacji naukowej w formacie „.pdf” i przeczytać adnotację do pracy online, jeśli odpowiednie parametry są dostępne w metadanych.
Przeglądaj rozprawy doktorskie z różnych dziedzin i twórz odpowiednie bibliografie.
Deng, Yun. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et impact environnemental de liquides ioniques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF22131.
Pełny tekst źródłaIonic liquids are the salts composed only by bulky, unsymmetrical and flexible organic cations and inorganic or organic anions. Their melting points are particularly low, usually below 100°C. The ionic liquids present several interesting properties : high thermal stability, low vapor pressure, non-flammability and tunable properties by changing the anion or cation. They are considered as promising high performance fluids with low environmental impact that can be applied in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering or materials science both in processes (separation, catalysis) or as devices (optical components or lubricants).The application of ionic liquids at an industrial scale is still limited and fundamental information and reliable data on their properties, environmental fate and impact are rare. In this context and for the development of applications in wide scale, the research on ionic liquids with an expected low environmental impact (less toxic, readily biodegradable) is essential. The introduction of oxygenated functional groups – ester, ether or hydroxyl – in the alkyl side chains of imidazolium and pyridinium-based ionic liquids is expected to greatly improve their biodegradability. The effect of the functionalization on the physico-chemical properties of the ionic liquids is important in order to propose efficient, low environmental impact, ionic liquids for different applications and chemical processes. In this work, we have selected different ionic liquids based on the imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium and ammonium cations, with or without functional groups (hydroxyl/ester/ether), and with three types of anions. Our objective was to examine if the modification of chemical structures of the ions effectively have lower environmental impact, and if they their interesting properties are remained. We have studied, for all the ionic liquids, several physico-chemical properties considered important to quantify the environmental impact of chemicals : the density, the viscosity, the gas solubility, the aqueous solubility, the octanol-water partition coefficient and the aqueous diffusivity. We have also tested their toxicity towards four different microorganisms and their biodegradation in presence of pure strain of bacteria. Finally, we have tried to develop some empirical and semi-empirical models based on molecular structure information for predicting some of these properties.The introduction of oxygenated groups in the alkyl chains on cations does not change significantly the volumetric properties of ionic liquids, or their diffusion coefficient in water, but increases the viscosity of the pure salts up to one order of magnitude. Carbon dioxide solubilities in ionic liquids are not significantly influenced by the introduction of oxygen functional groups in the cations of the ionic liquids except in the case of the pyridinium based ionic liquids for which the carbon dioxide solubility decreases significantly due to a defavourable entropic contribution to the Gibbs energy of solvation. The modification of the ionic liquids by introducing oxygenated chemical functions makes them more biodegradable. In the case of imidazolium-based ionic liquids, the presence of the ester group makes the cation more susceptible to hydrolysis, the imidazolium ring being still resistant to the degradation. The functionalization of the cation also increases the solubility in water of the resulting ionic liquids and reduces the octanol-water partition coefficient and their toxicity, leading us to conclude that they are more environmental friendly than the non-functionalized ionic liquids
Ben, Chibani Mohsen. "La dynamique des pôles de croissance : l'exemple du complexe industriel Siape 2 SkhiraTunisie". Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21005.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis deals with the analysis of a new industiealization experience: the setting up of the siape ii industrial pole in the skhira area in tunisia. The siape ii's main product is concentrated and superconcentrated phosporic acid. Entirely intended for export. The theoretical debate raised at the beginning of this study on problems of takeoff (w. W. Rostow), growth poles (f. Perroux) and industrializing industries (d. G. De bernis) has enabled the identification of theoretical instruments of analysis to ascertain the theoretical hypotheses of the authors in the case under study: the rural area of skhira which has no previous industrialization experience. Through this analysis, it was also possible to show the effects created by siape ii during the building and operating stages have been mainly felt abroad or outside the skhira area. These effects from the industrial pole are not isolated; they have been associated with slowing down blocking effects. This confirms pettoux's idea that the motor units have driving or stoppage effects on their environment. We therefore raise the following questionm: how could we rearrange and reorganize such effects and what role coult the socioeconomic actors play so that such actions lead to an integration of this siape ii pole in the skhire area?
Alileche, Nassim. "Etude des effets dominos sur une zone industrielle". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaDomino effects or cascading events in the chemical and process industries are recognized as credible accident scenarios since three decades. They are raising a growing concern, as they have the potential to cause catastrophic consequences. Domino effect, as phenomenon, is still a controversial topic when coming to its assessment. There is still a poor agreement on the definition of domino effect and its assessment procedures. A number of different definitions and approaches are proposed in technical standards and in the scientific literature. Therefore, one of this research objectives is to formalize domino effects knowledges in order to comprehend their occurrence mechanisms. Thus, the parameters that should be looked at so as to understand the escalation possibility and in order to identify domino scenarios, were analyzed. The aim is to improve domino effect hazards prevention, through the development of a methodology for the identification and the analysis of domino effects.We developed a method for the analysis of domino accident chain caused by loss of containments. It allow the identification and prioritization of accident propagation paths. The method is user-friendly and help decision making regarding the prevention of cascading events. The final outcomes of the model are given in form of quantitative rankings of equipment involved in domino scenarios, taking into account the effect of meteorological conditions and safety barriers. The rankings give a clear idea of equipment hazard for initiating or continuing cascading events.The methodology is based on a topography of the industrial area of concern, including the characteristics of each unit and accounting for protection and mitigation barriers. It is based on two main stages. The first is the identification of accident propagation paths. For this, the event tree method is used. The possible targets are identified combining the escalation thresholds and vulnerability models (to estimate damage probability). This first stage was implemented using the MATLAB® software and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to enable an easy input procedure and output analysis in Microsoft Excel®.The second stage is the identification of the most dangerous equipment. It consists in prioritizing equipment involved in the propagation paths according to their likelihood to cause/propagate domino effect. The algorithm that performs this phase was coded in VBA.The method was designed so as it can be used without the need to rely on the results of safety reports. However, if such results are available, it is possible to lighten some steps of the method. It revealed easy to apply, this was confirmed through projects and student internships
Gli effetti domino, in cui un primo incidente causa in cascata altri scenari incidentali, sono tragli scenari incidentali più severi che avvengono nell’industria chimica. Nonostante l’attenzioneche anche la normativa dedica a tali scenari, la valutazione dell’effetto domino è un soggettocontroverso. L’analisi della letteratura tecnica e scientifica ha mostrato l’assenza di unadefinizione comune di « effetto domino » e di una semplice procedura per l’identificazione ditali scenari. È per tale motivo che uno degli obiettivi di questo lavoro di ricerca è diformalizzare le conoscenze relative agli effetti domino al fine di meglio comprendere imeccanismi che possono provocarli. A tal proposito sono stati studiati i parametri necessariper determinare la possibilità dell’insorgere di cascate di eventi e per essere in grado diidentificare i possibili scenari incidentali dovuti ad effetto domino. L’obiettivo finale del lavoroè stato di sviluppare un metodo per l’identificazione e l’analisi quantitativa della propagazionedi incidenti primari nell’ambito di scenari dovuti ad effetto domino.E’ stata sviluppata una metodologia generale per l’analisi degli effetti domino causati daperdite di confinamento. Tale metodologia permette l’identificazione e la classificazione deipercorsi di propagazione degli incidenti. Tale metodo facilita inoltre la prevenzione deglieffetti domino, proponendo uno strumento efficace e semplice da utilizzare.I risultati di questo studio sono forniti in forma di una classificazione delle apparecchiaturecoinvolte in scenari dovuti ad effetto domino, tenendo conto degli effetti delle condizionimeteorologiche e delle misure esistenti per la gestione del rischio. Tale classificazione fornisceanche un chiara idea dei pericoli rappresentati dalle singole apparecchiature nel caso diincidenti in cascata, in quanto precisando se la pericolosità delle attrezzature proviene dallaloro capacità di innescare o propagare un reazione a catena.Il metodo è basato su una descrizione topografica del sito studiato, che comprende anche lecaratteristiche di ogni attrezzatura, che tiene conto delle misure di gestione dei rischi e dellebarriere di sicurezza presenti, basato su due fasi principali. La prima è l’identificazione deipercorsi di propagazione degli incidenti. A tale scopo è stato utilizzato un metodo basatoVIsull’albero degli eventi. I potenziali bersagli vengono determinati combinando i valori di sogliaper la propagazione degli eventi ed i modelli di vulnerabilità delle apparecchiature. Questaprima fase è implementata in MATLAB® e Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) in modo dafacilitare la gestione dei dati e l’analisi dei risultati in Microsoft Excel®.La seconda fase è l’identificazione delle apparecchiature più pericolose per gli effetti domino.Tale fase consiste nel classificare le apparecchiature coinvolte nei percorsi di propagazione infunzione della loro capacità di causare o propagare un effetto domino. L’algoritmo dedicato inquesta fase è eseguito su VBA.I risultati ottenuti anche nell’applicazione ad un caso di studio hanno evidenziato le potenzialitàdel metodo, che rappresenta un significativo progresso nell’analisi quantitativa dell’effetto domino
Schrijvers, Dieuwertje. "Evaluation environnementale des options de recyclage selon la méthodologie d’analyse de cycle de vie : établissement d’une approche cohérente appliquée aux études de cas de l’industrie chimique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0555.
Pełny tekst źródłaModeling of recycling – and allocation in general – is a heavily debated topic in the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) domain. This thesis aimed to find a coherent scientific approach to model recycling in LCA that provides relevant information to companies. Existing allocation procedures are captured by mathematical formulas and linked to an LCA goal and an attributional or consequential approach in a systematic framework. A review of official guidelines showed that none of them provides recommendations on allocation that is consistent with this framework. A partitioning approach was identified for attributional LCA (a-LCA). This approach is based on subjective assumptions, which are made explicit by axioms. In consequential LCA (c-LCA), the market-price ratio between the recycled and substituted primary material is introduced as a new indicator to identify whether additional recycling substitutes the production of primary materials or avoids waste treatment. The processes that are affected by a changing demand for a product are identified by a causal loop diagram, which also includes stockpiling as a new element in c-LCA. The application of the allocation procedures is demonstrated by a case study of the recycling of rare earth elements (REEs) from used fluorescent lamps. The a-LCA indicated that recycled REEs are more sustainable than primary REEs. The c-LCA showed that recycling is environmentally beneficial as long as the REEs are used in fluorescent lamps that substitute less energy-efficient halogen lamps. This demonstrates that both LCA approaches provide different but useful information for companies. Suggestions are given for policy measures when the market situation does not stimulate environmentally beneficial behavior. It is recommended, among other options, to extend the causal loop diagram of c-LCA to include additional mechanisms, such as rebound effects
Bascourret, Jean-Marc. "L'intégration de la protection de l'environnement dans la gestion de l'entreprise : analyses et répercussions stratégiques : étude sur le secteur des fabricants de peintures et vernis en France". Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN11011.
Pełny tekst źródłaIntegration of environment preservation in firm management is enrolled in a double analytical view : either by the "external" way, that is to by learning on environmental rules setting, or by the "internal" way, integrating ecological requirement in its strategic reflexion. Our research deals with strategic repercussions of these two ways for the firm. "External" integration, built on taxation-subvention mechanisms (which come from internalization of environment externalities) and on overstepping procedures of simple reglementary conformity, is managed by public authorities for a specific aim : to orient firm management toward more environmental integration. Then, we lay down this problem : may be, the firm does a specific strategic reading about environmental rules. "Internal" integration is done at the stratégic reflexion level of the firm. It lays on environmental information system and more or less planned strategic reflexion process. The aim of these tools is to allow the development of ecologic behavior in firm. To this point, we found necessary to ask what is reality, and how firm reacts towards available tools. To answer these question, an empirical ananlysis was realiezd : a study on 65 french paint and varnish manufacturers and three post-test lead to two conclusions. First, in a "external"integration way, firms do have an indirect strategic reading of environmental rules. Second, in an "internal" integration way, strategic reflexion does not lean on planned systems, but however, they are not rejected. Firms retain reactive and preactive behaviors, wich are strategic orientations they want to find in reflexion processes
Moreau, François. "Une analyse économique du risque environnemental : le cas de l'industrie chimique". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010079.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe object of this research is to suggest to a chemical company a method in which it can manage and assess the environmental risk generated by its activities. The first section is dedicated to explaining what is at risk and to assess the feasibility of environmental risk through quantitative assessment. Among the differents kinds of environmental risks (local diffuse and planetary - chronical or accidental risks are studied. They are the easiest to identify and the only ones from which a true strategic risk management policy, based on previous assessment, can be followed by the company. The second section studies certain methods arising from economical analysis for decision making in uncertainty. A critical analysis of the dominant theory, expected utility theory, leads to the study of alternative theories other than the latter. The former is always in line with a substantial conception of rationality sicnce it supports the omniscience of the decision maker. However, it can be demonstrated that a decision making tool, applied to environmental risk, can only correspond to a bounded and procedural view of rationality. From this statement, and equally from the analysis of methods alreadty in existence in the field of major industrial risk assessment, the third section deals with the agerise methodology. This allows one to classify accidental risks, liable to affect both human healt as well as the natural environment in a real sense, therefore prioritising risk reduction. The methodology is based on a lexicographic logic: societal and financial risk structure, mathematical expectation of financial loss weighted by aversion to catastrophes and the decision maker's preference for flexibility, are successively taken into account. Agerise has been tested and valmidated by the comparison and the classification of two situations whereby risk is generated by a potential accidental leakage of a toxic gas from a chemical plant
Natowicz, Irène. "Le risque technologique majeur et l'économie de l'assurance : une application à l'industrie chimique". Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE21015.
Pełny tekst źródłaChemical industry experienced technological risk evolution and insurance responded to this changes. But, this responses are nowadays inadequate because of the specificity of uncertainty and complexite. The approach that consist to lead insurers to take charge chemical risks and environmental damages, via objective responsability, has something in common with the internalization of exterla effects principle : it is analysed in the coase theorem perspective. This evolution is considered as a venture, both from social point of view than from economic point of view. Thesis demonstrates that liberal theory or state theory can't be used to analyze insurance activity. The insurance economy is then studied in the perspective of services economy because it accepte fundamental uncertainty. The environmental insurance l'ability case and chemical risks alow to draw alternative and more complexe forms to take charge risks. Thesis chalenge the insurer's ability alone, to take charge the compensation of environmental damages and chemical risks
Deng, Yun. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et impact environnemental de liquides ioniques". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669538.
Pełny tekst źródłaDaniau, Côme. "Surveillance épidémiologique fondée sur des indicateurs de santé déclarée : pertinence et faisabilité d’un dispositif à l’échelle locale en santé environnement". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0923/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work presents an innovative epidemiological surveillance system in environmental health based on self-reported health indicators, closer to the complaints of the local population leaving around a source of environmental pollution: symptoms and loss of the quality of life. This approach is built up from a conceptual framework based on the psychometric theory and the transactional model of stress. A field application of this approach was carried out the population neighboring (n=1 495) the chemical industrial area of Salindres, Gard. This study verifies that self-reported health indicators measured with MOS SF-36 and SCL-90-R can be used to study populations exposed to multifactorial environmental risks. This study confirms that these indicators are relevant and sensitive when applied to environmental risk factors referring to the cognitive representations of risks, such as the sensorial perception of stimuli emitted by the industries. This work shows, besides, that the availability of national references for these indicators confers interpretability to these indicators, an essential quality criterion. This work discusses qualitatively the acceptability of measuring indicators of self-reported health in the population, proposes recommendations on communication for the setting of that kind of approach, and opens up avenues on management orientations
Charles, Jérémie. "Procédés physico-chimiques de décontamination et impact des rejets aqueux de la filière traitement de surface : approches chimique et écotoxicologique". Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA2040.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe surface treatment (ST) industry is currently undergoing major upheavals, particularly concerning environmental aspects, due to increasingly stringent standards. ST uses large volumes of water and chemicals in its manufacturing processes and its wastewater is acknowledged as being among the most polluting. The main environmental problem facing ST plants is the high pollution load of the effluent they generate. In this thesis, we analyzed and optimized three physicochemical units for the treatment of ST industrial wastewaters. We present the abatements obtained in the levels of pollution after the various chemical optimizations validated in the laboratory and then transposed to the industrial site. To evaluate the utility of each optimization proposal, bioassays using three bioindicators (Daphnia magna, Gammarus pulex, Lactuca sativa) were also carried out on the effluents of the treatment plants. The results showed that discharge waters were characterized by a polycontamination, organic and metallic, highly variable in time. These effluents also presented a high toxicity towards the bioindicators studied. Bioassays confirmed the preponderant role of metal in the toxicity. The optimization of the station and chemical treatment proposed reduced the organic load and the concentrations of metals. Decreasing pollutant concentrations in the wastewaters led to a significant reduction of their toxicity on the three bioindicators. This demonstrates that there is a relationship between “chemical efficiency” and “reduction of environmental impact”
Sancey, Bertrand. "Développement de la bio-adsorption pour décontaminer des effluents de rejets industriels : abattement chimique et gain environnemental". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062560.
Pełny tekst źródłaTlig, Fadhila. "Communication environnementale et intelligence territoriale : un appui au Groupe Chimique Tunisien site de Gabès". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR2014.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis analyzes the link between the environmental communication of Tunisian Chemical Group (TCG) site of Gabès, and the momentum of a territorial dynamic intelligence between this company and its stakeholders. In a particular context of an industrial chemical pollution, the territorial actors become aware of the need to cooperate together for a sustainable development of their region. As a first step, we identify the stakeholders of the TCG Gabès in relation to the process of environmental communication to locate, in a second step, if there is (how or why) a dynamic of territorial intelligence between them. Two methodological steps are used in this study: an analysis of thematic content that focuses on a sample of nearly twenty players where six of these players are ecological associations; and a guide for interviews that embodies the three ethical principles of a territorial intelligence, participation, global/balanced approach, and partnership. The results obtained in this study show the existence of some practices of territorial intelligence. Our recommendation is for a better involvement of the public as well as the private actors and associations based on a participatory approach, or more specifically based on the use of digital technologies
Garrab, Mehdi. "L'apport des ressources, capacités et capacités dynamiques à la performance". Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020075.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis we have tried to explain business performance based on the resource-based View (RBV) and the Dynamic capabilities View (DCV), two approaches within the resource-based theory (RBT)that benefits from being integrated. To address the problem, we have developed two main stream of research: "The detention of resources / capabilities and performance" and "The management of resources / capabilities and performance." The first conceptual model presented the relations linking the various operational capabilities to performance. The global conceptual model has focused the relation “Ordinary capabilities – Environment – Diversification strategy- Dynamic capabilities –Performance”. Our epistemological position in this research wished to be positivist. At the methodological level we opted for a hypothetical-deductive approach with a quantitative approach based on secondary data collected from the French database DIANE and INSEE statistics, and to evaluate capabilities we used the DEA method. The first empirical study that aims on “ordinary capabilities – performance” link, is based on four industries samples representing the French manufacturing industry: the pharmaceutical industry, the automotive industry, the chemical industry and the clothing industry. The second study tested the empirical model linking ordinary capabilities,dynamic capabilities, environment and diversification, based on a multisectorial sample comprising the four sectors. The results revealed first the importance of financial capability for all sectors, second the moderating role of the environment and the diversification and thirdly the magnitudes of dynamic learning (absorption) and adaptive capabilities in explaining performance. These results could serve managerial decisions and public policy
Iosif, Ana-Maria. "Modélisation physico-chimique de la filière classique de production d'acier pour l'analyse de l'Inventaire du Cycle de Vie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL074N.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work was devoted to a new methodological framework, which combines the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method and the process simulation software (Aspen Plus), in order to improve the quality of data used for carrying out the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of the classical steelmaking route. The new approach adopted in the present work, is to carry out the inventory of the defined system via simplified physical-chemical models. Using Aspen Plus software, we have developed simplified physical-chemical models for each of the subsystem defined by the boundaries of the classical steelmaking route: coking plant, sintering plant, blast furnace, basic oxygen furnace and hot rolling. The modelling strategy was based on physical and chemical considerations and on the experimental observations made on an industrial and/or a pilot scale for each subsystem.The models allow for calculation of the principal pollutants evolved by the system such as CO2, CO, NO, SO2, COV, HCl, H2S, dust, heavy metals and solid waste. The models validation was made by comparing the calculated results with experimental data given by the industrial sites. Furthermore, the maturity of the models was tested through simulations using data coming from the "benchmark" data base defined in the frame of ULCOS project (Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking).Through the models simulation, it was proved that this methodological framework assures the total control of mass and heat balances of the system which is difficult to achieve when using only data from industry and/or literature. However, the fact that the emissions calculated within the models are based on physical-chemical considerations gives a strong credibility to the life cycle inventory
Morin-Duponchelle, Guillaume. "Reconnaissance automatisée de points d’intérêts pour un robot d’inspection dans un environnement contraint et dégradé : inspection visuelle et chimique par un robot hexapode". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENTA0009.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis subject concerns the automatic recognition of points of interest (PI) for an inspection robot in a constrained and degraded environment. The objective of this thesis work is to develop a robotic platform capable of carrying out autonomous missions based on detected visual and chemical PIs, a so-called bimodal problem. The combination of visual and chemical percepts optimizes localization accuracy and ensures information redundancy. The field of study concerns 3 application cases: case 1, the inspection is carried out in a confined space (industrial environment). Case 2, the inspection is carried out in an environment with a proven risk of loss of signal and predominantly rocky (mine, underground quarry). Case 3, the inspection is carried out in an environment that has undergone significant deformations and therefore a modified and chaotic geometry of the inspection sites (natural disasters such as earthquakes or landslides in an urban environment). In this study, a contextual case analysis method is proposed and presented in order to analyze the constraints of the different complex environments for the robotic solution. The thesis therefore brings together different issues: the study of environmental constraints, the choice of the robotic solution, autonomous navigation and visual and chemical servoing. Following this contextual analysis, a state of the art is oriented on the terrestrial robotic platform to determine the most suitable robotic solution to operate in the 3 application cases. The hexapod robots were chosen for their ability to overcome obstacles, their stability, and their carrying capacity for sensors, in particular. A method is proposed to reach the source of the percept in an unstructured environment by relying on visual and chemical PIs. For the evaluation of the proposed methodology, the visual PIs considered are of the QR code type and the detection of the concentration of a gas concerning chemical servoing. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is first demonstrated by simulations. Finally, a hexapod prototype is designed, built and developed using the ROS software architecture. The developed hexapod carried out a mission within an industrial environment and inside a shipbuilding including a series of obstacles (case 1 of the study). The results of this robotic approach arefinally presented, commented and discussed
Striolo, Philippe. "Oxydation d'effluents organiques aqueux par le peroxyde d'hydrogène à haute température : procédé WPO". Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0006.
Pełny tekst źródłaSchrijvers, Dieuwertje. "Evaluation environnementale des options de recyclage selon la méthodologie d’analyse de cycle de vie : établissement d’une approche cohérente appliquée aux études de cas de l’industrie chimique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0555/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaModeling of recycling – and allocation in general – is a heavily debated topic in the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) domain. This thesis aimed to find a coherent scientific approach to model recycling in LCA that provides relevant information to companies. Existing allocation procedures are captured by mathematical formulas and linked to an LCA goal and an attributional or consequential approach in a systematic framework. A review of official guidelines showed that none of them provides recommendations on allocation that is consistent with this framework. A partitioning approach was identified for attributional LCA (a-LCA). This approach is based on subjective assumptions, which are made explicit by axioms. In consequential LCA (c-LCA), the market-price ratio between the recycled and substituted primary material is introduced as a new indicator to identify whether additional recycling substitutes the production of primary materials or avoids waste treatment. The processes that are affected by a changing demand for a product are identified by a causal loop diagram, which also includes stockpiling as a new element in c-LCA. The application of the allocation procedures is demonstrated by a case study of the recycling of rare earth elements (REEs) from used fluorescent lamps. The a-LCA indicated that recycled REEs are more sustainable than primary REEs. The c-LCA showed that recycling is environmentally beneficial as long as the REEs are used in fluorescent lamps that substitute less energy-efficient halogen lamps. This demonstrates that both LCA approaches provide different but useful information for companies. Suggestions are given for policy measures when the market situation does not stimulate environmentally beneficial behavior. It is recommended, among other options, to extend the causal loop diagram of c-LCA to include additional mechanisms, such as rebound effects
Wary, Marc. "Développement d'un nouvel alliage de brasage sans plomb pour des applications à haute température en microélectronique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE000.
Pełny tekst źródłaMainly used as electronic solders, lead and lead containing materials are considered to be a major threat to human health and environment. Recent EU directive RoHS has established the maximum concentration at 0.1%. However, there is a lack of substitutes for PbSnAg alloy for high-operating temperature applications in the electronics industry so that this PhD aims at developing one possible reliable substitutional alloy without lead considering reflow soldering. Several alloys with different chemical compositions were selected based on literature and thermodynamic calculations using Thermo-Calc. They were then elaborated and characterized through microstructure as well as physical-chemical, electrical and mechanical properties: one them was finally preserved but its low thermal conductivity obliged us to add reinforcements with high conductivity leading to an interesting composite alloy (λ = 61 W.m-1.K-1). Several properties linked to service life and aging still remain to be assessed on industrial assemblies
Sylvestre, Alexandre. "Caractérisation de l'aérosol industriel et quantification de sa contribution aux PM2.5 atmosphériques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4714/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn order to limit the impact of air quality on human health, public authorities need reliable and accurate information on the sources contribution. So, the identification of the main sources of PM2.5 is the first step to adopt efficient mitigation policies. This work carry out in this thesis take place in this issue and was to determine the main sources of PM2.5 inside an industrial area. To determinate the main sources of PM2.5, two campaigns were lead to collect daily PM2.5 to: 1/ determine the enrichment of atmospheric pollutants downwind from the main industrial activities and 2/ collect PM2.5 in urban areas characteristic of the population exposition. Results allowed to obtain very representative profiles for the main industrial activities implanted inside the studied area. ME-2 analysis, combined to radiocarbon measurements, allowed to highlight the very high impact of Biomass Burning sources for all the PM2.5 pollution events recorded from early autumn to March. This study showed that industrial sources, even if they are the major sources during spring and summer, are not the major PM2.5 driver. However, this study highlights that industrial sources impact significantly the aerosol population (size, composition, etc.) in the studied area
Wahl, François. "Un environnement d'aide aux ingénieurs basé sur une architecture en tâches et sur un module de visualisation de courbes. Application à la conception de procédés de raffinage". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529958.
Pełny tekst źródłaLéca, Nicolas. "Etude du règlement REACH : gestion du risque juridique". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40027/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaREACH regulation aims at increasing the safety of chemical products thatcirculate in European Union by generalizing and detailing the assessment and management ofchemical risks. This generalization relies on four leading procedures (registration, evaluation,authorization and restriction) and on a disclosure obligation. The four leading procedures areopposable to any firm in a supply chain, so that this firm can manufacture, import or usechemical products in the European Union. Firm are also subject to the total disclosureobligation, mainly enforced through the Safety Data Sheet that publishes information relativeto the health and environmental risks of involved chemicals products. Both theimplementation of the procedures and the total disclosure obligation may represent a legal riskdue to several inadequacies in the REACH regulation. For a firm, this legal risk may hamperits competitiveness and consequently its survival. However, the damaging effect of this legalrisk may be circumvented using a methodology of legal risk treatments inspired bynormalization. In the last step of such a methodology, firms may eventually find economicaladvantages when implementing the REACH regulation
Iosif, Ana-Maria. "Modélisation physico-chimique de la filière classique de production d'acier pour l'analyse de l'Inventaire du Cycle de Vie". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL074N/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work was devoted to a new methodological framework, which combines the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method and the process simulation software (Aspen Plus), in order to improve the quality of data used for carrying out the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of the classical steelmaking route. The new approach adopted in the present work, is to carry out the inventory of the defined system via simplified physical-chemical models. Using Aspen Plus software, we have developed simplified physical-chemical models for each of the subsystem defined by the boundaries of the classical steelmaking route: coking plant, sintering plant, blast furnace, basic oxygen furnace and hot rolling. The modelling strategy was based on physical and chemical considerations and on the experimental observations made on an industrial and/or a pilot scale for each subsystem.The models allow for calculation of the principal pollutants evolved by the system such as CO2, CO, NO, SO2, COV, HCl, H2S, dust, heavy metals and solid waste. The models validation was made by comparing the calculated results with experimental data given by the industrial sites. Furthermore, the maturity of the models was tested through simulations using data coming from the "benchmark" data base defined in the frame of ULCOS project (Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking).Through the models simulation, it was proved that this methodological framework assures the total control of mass and heat balances of the system which is difficult to achieve when using only data from industry and/or literature. However, the fact that the emissions calculated within the models are based on physical-chemical considerations gives a strong credibility to the life cycle inventory