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Wang, Ju. "Prospérité et déclin de l'industrie cotonnière nationale de Shangai (1945-1949)". Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0042.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe years 1945 to 1949 represent a time of double transition in china : first the transition from japanese occupation to guomindang's rule, second the civil war and guomindang's defeat which leads to the victory of the communist party. During that period and for the first time, foreign interests are no more in competition with chinese investments, as far as the cotton industry is concerned. An important state-owned group is created, which will compete with the private cotton mills. Funds gathered during the time of "isolated island" (1937-1941) and favorable economic conditions enable the shanghai private cotton mills to enjoy a new "golden age", which will however last no more than two years, as the government takes constraining measures in order to meet the civil war needs and a galloping inflation. Private funds then escape to foreign countries or go illicit. Relations between private companies and state-owned ones become complex, extending from collaboration to confrontation, through all sorts of arrangements. The public sector is altogether a means of state control and a warehouse for cotton products ; submitted to a strong state intervention, it cannot work properly. During these four years, the guomindang economic policy is both rigid and inadequate. As a result, the bourgeoisie will look towards the opposition parties and a certain number of technocrats will leave the public sector. But it is also a time when the first public companies were born in the field of light industry
Wen, Wen. "Les ingénieurs français et le développement économique de la Chine (1840-1911)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL031.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the late Qing dynasty, a multitude of French engineers embarked on journeys to various regions of the Chinese Empire, assuming diverse and evolving roles in Franco-Chinese relations. Despite their diverse backgrounds, they were typically youthful and shared some common professional traits. They often enjoyed substantial compensation and prestigious honors throughout their careers, leading to remarkable upward social mobility. Their numbers witnessed significant growth from the mid-19th to the early 20th century. Initially, military engineers held dominance, but they gradually ceded ground to engineers from the state civil corps and civilian engineers who assumed multifaceted roles in commerce and industry. Concurrently, many military engineers entered private commercial ventures, which were expanding and diversifying. The enduring presence of French engineers in China was predominantly composed of civil engineers, drawn by factors such as marriage, religion and culture. Within the Chinese Empire, France leveraged its technical expertise to compete with other industrial powers. These engineers accomplished impressive infrastructural projects within the Chinese Empire, leaving behind them a rich historical legacy. Although not always synonymous with economic success, their achievements showcased both their technical expertise and the technological prowess of the French industrial landscape during the 19th and 20th centuries. Their written works, encompassing reports, blueprints, narratives, and familial correspondences, alongside photographic records and archives they amassed, serve as invaluable resources for historical research. Despite their role in technology transfer, historical constraints limited their impacts
Le, Pichon Alain. "Le fonds de commerce de jardine, matheson & co : aspects de la civilisation commerciale a canton : 1829-1839". Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040046.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn 1832, the year of its official foundation, jardine, matheson & co. Was one of the few scottish independent agency houses operating in canton. Like its competitors, it plied its different lines of business in the wake of the official trade conducted by the british east india company. Its business was made up of trades for which there was international demand -- principally opium, as well as other oriental products; financial instruments; and bullion. The family firm, however, which had remained very small up to the early eighteen thirties, was the only one among its competitors to sail through the extremely stormy waters of the ten years immediately preceding the first opium war with no apparent harm. But there is considerable difference between the legend of an easy success, and the reality of this hard-won commercial success, which was reached only through a constant fight against repeated misfortunes and human errors. A stable commercial foundation, political alliances developed with flair and assiduity by the founders, and ever increasing profits from the opium trade, were among the main reasons which combined to ensure that the firm survived, grew and prospered into the eighteen forties when others faltered and disappeared. This unusual longevity for a canton firm of the period is best explained by the special characteristics of its constituency, as it was developed by two founders endowed with complementary talents, william jardine and james matheson. The current work, which is essentially based on an analysis of the archives of the firm for the relevant period -- both its accounts and its correspondence -- highlights the characteristics of the firm's constituency at that stage of its development, and the founders' skill at organising, and sometimes at improvising, repair-work against the repeated onslaught of international bankruptcies and of the most important commercial deregulation of the time -- the vote by the british parliament to abolish the monopoly of the east india company for china-tea imports
Cornet, Christine. "Le chantier naval de Jiangnan : 1865-1937 : les pouvoirs publics et la gestion d'une grande entreprise shanghai͏̈enne". Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0027.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe jiangnan arsenal and shipyard was established by the regional public authorities in 1865, and has played a leading role in the economic and naval modernization of china. Its history helps us to follow the specific relations between the chinese state and its public enterprises. After a first part which relates the historical background and the traditional role of the imperial state, we try to definie the state of the jiangnan shipyard from 1905 to 1927. At this particular period, the arsenal and the dock were spareted and the dock becam a "free public enterprise". During these two decades, jiangnan's management and commercial policy were comparable to a private enterprise. Its modern organization stemmed from a "sino-foreign mixed management". In the third part, we analyze the shift in the management of jiangnan during the nanking decade (1927-1937). Then, the nationalist government marked a major step in the direction of central control over industrial development in china. Despite a central control, jiangnan has always tried to keep an autonomous management
Wang, Hua. "Restructuration de l'industrie automobile chinoise : quelle trajectoire dans la mondialisation ?" Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE21014.
Pełny tekst źródłaMau, Chuan-Hui. "L'industrie de la soie en France et en Chine : de la fin du XVIIIe au début du XXe siècle : échanges technologiques, stylistiques et commerciaux". Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0048.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis studies the interaction between the French and the Chinese silk industries during the period between the 18th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The reconstruction of this history is based on the different perspectives reflected in the historical documents in both Western and Oriental languages, which concerned with the commercial relations and the technical and stylistic exchanges between the two industries. The first part deals with these two silk industries during the 18th century and the second part is concerned with the evolution of the French silk industry from the end of the 18th to the mid-19th century. During this period, even though the contacts between the two industries became minimal, the study of the Chinese silk technology continued in France, based on the Chinese documents in France. The third part tackles the introduction of European techniques to China during the period between the mid-19th century and the beginning of the 20th century
Su, Zhan. "Contribution au développement d'un nouveau mode de gestion des entreprises chinoises de l'habillement". Grenoble 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE21001.
Pełny tekst źródłaEver-since economic reforme started in china in 1978, garment enterprises that have sought and obtained considerable autonomy, are confronted to an extremely turbulent environment. This research shows the fact that in the absence of a radical change in management, chinese garment enterprises cannot attain growth objectives in the international market, despite the great labour-cost advantage that they dispose of, and may even be condemned to close down activities inspite of strong domestic demand. The adoption of a new strategic, systemic and mobilising management appears indispensable for firms that wish to survive. Such a new mode of management could induce firms to seek long-run competitive advantages, to search for a global dimension in running the affaires of the firm as well as interactions between the various sub-parts of the whole. Finally, this new mode management will cater for the intelligence of all participants in the daily activities of the firm in its search for success
Fock, Ah Chuen Michel. "Etat, production et exportation cotonnières, industrie textile et développement économique : une histoire économique du coton-textile dans le monde". Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON10040.
Pełny tekst źródłaOur research work is an analysis of the evolution of production and exchange of cotton/textile in the world (cotton fiber, yarn and fabric of cotton). Taking into account the role of the state, we achieve to the conclusion that there is no actual cotton/textile developement without state involvement and that this involvement is economically founded. The rationale of this involvement comes basically from the positive impact of cotton/textile activities on economic development. This involvement is also required in practice to mitigate economic environment constraints against development of new cotton/textile productions. The state involvement in the field of cotton/textile goes beyond the development stage of these activities. This is a consequence of the reversion of the relationship between cotton/textile activities and economic development in the related country, in addition to the international competition from new-comers in cotton/textile production. The standard theory of trade anddevelopment helps to understand the sequence of phases with positive then negative relationship between cotton/textile and economic development, however this theory does not predict diversity of textile industry demise patterns among countries with similar age in this industry. The principle of "social capability" as an output of studies upon the convergence hypothesis allows to alleviate determinism if not fatalism of the theory used. Dynamics of cotton/textile in the world araises basically from the relationship between these activities and economic development. This dynamics is not only the result of an economic mechanism, as this latter is accompanished by the state, who enhanced it when it favors cotton/textile development and who hinders it in the opposite case
Feunteun, Moreau Annick. "Les Haviland et le marché de la porcelaine aux Etats-Unis. (1865-1910)". Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20078.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoux, Jean-Michel. "Tissu industriel et tissu urbain : Les territoires de l'industrie de la soie à Saint-Etienne et Macclesfield". Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21037.
Pełny tekst źródłaVicq, Pierre. "Une prise de pouvoir de la ferme générale en Lorraine : bois de salines et faux saunage (de 1698 à la révolution)". Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20019.
Pełny tekst źródłaLegay, Armand. "Développement socio historique de l'industrie de distillation, de raffinage et des biocarburants : paradigme mondial et paradoxes français alcooligènes des biocarburants". Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUEL002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis shows that alcohol or bioethanol, socio-historically, is a raw material like any other except that it has generated its share of risks. Technical and social risks that have formed throughout history various issues allowing a degree of evolution of human societies and their industries. The immediate challenge ahead is to maintain an eco system where future generations can live just as we can now. Alcohol and biofuels despite controversy, may participate as a renewable energy to limit greenhouse gas emissions. This study also shows the transfer of technology from French distillation industry who did not develop with us, to another country, Brazil. A new paradigm for the industry will flourish there. A return is made in France and Europe, because for the foreseeable future, 20% renewable energy should be in the energy mix for 2020. .
Zhao, Min. "Les stratégies des entreprises multinationales en Chine : analyses des conditions de succès et d'échec dans l'industrie automobile". Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010038.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlexandre-Bidon, Danièle. "Les hommes d'argile : les métiers de potiers, tuilier, briquetier (Moyen Age, Temps Modernes) à travers les sources écrites et iconographiques". Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0129.
Pełny tekst źródłaMorineau, Christine. "Magie des senteurs, mystère des parfums". Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P108.
Pełny tekst źródłaDaumas, Jean-Claude. "L'amour du drap : Blin et Blin : 1827-1975 : histoire d'une entreprise lainière familiale". Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040172.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlin and Blin was a firm which specialized in worested woollen clothmaking. It was founded in Bischwiller (Bas-Rhin) in 1827 by a Jewish pedlar. It was then moved over to elbeuf in 1872 after Alsace was annexed. Its history hinges upon a family-owned capital, a woollen cloth production aimed at a well-to-do upper middle-class, the integration of the whole manufacturing process in a modern and large manufacture and the paternalistic management of its labour force. All along its history, the management endeavoured to alter the initial pattern to adapt the structures of the firm to the changes in its environment, but they never managed to maintain its coherence. This accounts for its ultimate failure and it’s closing down in 1975
Hatzfeld, Nicolas. "Organiser, produire, éprouver : histoire et présent de l'usine de carrosserie de Peugeot à Sochaux, 1948-1996". Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0014.
Pełny tekst źródłaNardi, Jean-Baptiste. "Le tabac brésilien et ses fonctions dans l'ancien système colonial portugais (1570-1830)". Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10003.
Pełny tekst źródłaDebrabant, François. "État et commerce en Mésopotamie au IIIème millénaire avant notre ère". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17760.
Pełny tekst źródłaDebrosse, Daniel. "La reprise de Dacia par Renault : 1998-2003 histoire d'une aventure humaine, industrielle et commerciale". Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2007/interne/2007EVRY0034.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaOn september 29th 1999, Renault buys 51% of the capital shares of Dacia, the romanian automobile manufacturer. This study covers this operation over a period of five years, from 1998 up to 2003, after reminding the reader with the long lasting process of convergence between the Renault strategic move towards the so-called "emerging countries" and the romanian privatization politics of its domestic automobile industry. The study concentrates itself on the analysis of the human, industrial and commercial aspects of this operation. The survival of the brand was made possible by the upgrade of two products of the existing range as long as the progressive adjustment of the working force from 28 000 to 16 000. The study gives large details about the Piteşti plant modernization and the complete reshuffling of the network of private dealers for the marketing of Renault Dacia and Nissan brand products. Far from a "long quiet river", the Dacia operation took place in the turmoil of a rapid market evolution, fueled by large volumes of imported european used cars. The cooperation of the Renault panel of suppliers took shape at a slower pace than expected. In spite of these adversed conditions, Dacia maintained its leadership on the domestic market, thus paving the way for Logan, this "modern, dependable and affordable" vehicle
Brumm, Véronique. "La patrimonialisation de l'industrie du verre et du cristal". Avignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AVIG1034.
Pełny tekst źródłaExhibiting artefacts pertaining to the glass and crystal industry is an ancient tradition but a new concept has been developed in the past fifty years : the valorization of patrimony. Though most museum structures deal with productions, manufacturing techniques, history and social issues, each matrimonial structure is unique and creates is own specificities depending on the image of the glass and crystal industry the designers want to convey
Jacqué, Bernard. "De la manufacture au mur : pour une histoire matérielle du papier peint (1770-1914)". Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/jacque_b.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrom 1770 to 1914, wallpaper became the premier decoration in western interiors. Until recently, its study is concentrated on the history of style and little is know about the general context in which it was produced. It is necessary to investigate the circumstances of its creation; the firm, the studio, the factory, and to study its marketing and consumption. By focusing on these aspects we achieve a greater understanding of what is lying beneath its surface and which gives it meaning. During the 18th century wallpaper was still produced for elite markets, about which a good deal is know. By using the archives the King's house, and, the rich archives of N. Dollfus & Co in Mulhouse, it is possible to provide an answer to some of the questions about its context. During the 19th century, the consumption of wallpaper increased with the introduction of mechanization : the study concentrates on products intended for elite markets, such as the "scenics", "decors" etc. Documented in the archives of the Jean Zuber & Co, Rixheim. This study establishes wallpaper firmly as a fundamental element of the culture of the interior at every level of society
Yandia, Félix. "La métallurgie du fer en République Centrafricaine du XVIIème au XXème siècle : approche archéologique, archéométrique et historique". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010651.
Pełny tekst źródłaDellion, Franck. "La Schappe, stratégie, réseaux familiaux et condition sociale dans une entreprise de déchets de soie". Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29016.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Silk waste of Briançon is founded in 1842 and is at the origin of the constitution of the first European group of silk waste processing. Through this company the problems of the constitution of a technical system are tackled, the structuring of an industrial sector and the installation of the markets. The founders of the company managed to impose a qualitative standard which is at the base of the development of their company. The early of mechanical means of production and chemical adoption requalify a product resulting from waste. From 1860, the changes in the origins of the raw material and the increase in the consumption of products of half-luxury, represent an advisability of increasing their production considerably. An active publicity, their storage capacities and the importance of the working capital explain the development of their company. They conclude thus from profitable agreements with spinners. A first phase of industrial merger is followed from there. To leave the privileged relations tied with their customers, constitutes itself in 1873, a European group of silk waste: Chance!- Veillon-Alioth and Co. In 1882, this company becomes a limited company, the Industrial Company for the Silk waste whose seat is in Basle. The apparently paradoxical establishment of this factory can be understood by the analysis of its labour. Pluriactive and strongly feminized, this one is satisfied with weak wages and offers a great flexibility. When the reports with work usinier change, logics of this situation disappear. These transformations and the difficulties of the sector of the silk waste involve the closing of the factory in 1932
Brechoteau, Sophie. "Les pharmaciens et l'industrie sucrière aux XVIIIème et XIXème siècles". Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P044.
Pełny tekst źródłaLoubet, Jean-Louis. "Les automobiles Peugeot : histoire d'une entreprise, 1945-1973". Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100080.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe history of Automobiles Peugeot is a striking example of growth and industrial achievement. Three periods illustrate the various stages of the company’s development. Among difficulties the firm had to overcome in the post war years are shortages, the social situation, the competition among car manufacturers who had suffered less from war and growing state intervention. Thanks to a single medium-range model the company managed to curb competition, to reconcile its interests with the wishes of economic planners, preferred profit to volume of production and thus regained its pre-war potential in 1950. The success of the years 1950-65 is based on three factors: a good quality product which was both profitable and cheap to run, efficient manufacturing plants which both ensured quality and cut production costs, a steady demand on the domestic market. This policy which was carried out until 1954 ensured a steady and cautious growth. It suited a company whose managers lived in constant fear of recession. Yet this successful policy which had stemmed from a traditional economic set-up was questioned by the evolution of the market, a slump in sales (1964-65) and the social crisis of the mid’sixties. A new adaptation was necessary. From 1965 to 1973, Peugeot took three major steps. First the different companies of the group were merged to become a holding company P. S. A. Then the specialized car manufacturer introduced a complete range of products in order to increase productivity, find new markets and meet the higher taxation on cars. Lastly, Peugeot took up an international dimension by joining with Renault. On the whole, the firm’s success from 1945 to 1973 was mainly due to its sound management thanks to its directors who foresaw the evolution of the market and adapted the firm to an ever transforming economy
Mei, Dan Michal. "Muddling through with Chinese characteristics : Beijing’s energy policy and its oil diplomacy in West Asia and North Africa". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0033.
Pełny tekst źródłaChina’s “energy diplomacy” has been the subject of much debate and controversy ever since the country became a net oil importer in 1993. Observers and analysts watched with unease as Beijing appeared to be unleashing its National Oil companies (NOCs) to compete for global oil resources and lock them up for China’s own use. China’s diplomacy has been said to be put to the service of its energy needs and ever since 1993 and oil supply security was deemed to be the utmost objective of foreign and strategic policy. This dissertation aims to challenge that view and to provide a new way of analysing the interactions between energy and diplomacy in China. It posits that the country’s overseas energy activities in the early 1990s were not the outcome of a comprehensive, rational plan devised in Beijing but rather the result of a series of incremental and disjointed policy steps taken by different actors, each pursuing their own goals and interests. It is the aim of this study to analyse how this energy diplomacy evolved by looking at the actors shaping it and the interactions between them: how did China’s overseas energy activities come about? What were their implications for China’s diplomatic strategy in the Middle East? How, and when, did oil security reach the top of the policy making agenda and what have been the main features of the policy process, from agenda setting to implementation? Is there a “Chinese grand strategy” for locking up oil? What are the tensions underlying China’s oil diplomacy?
Iglesias, Ponce de León María Josefa. "L'ardoise en Espagne : histoire et économie : un témoin de changements socio-culturels". Rennes 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN20001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe author uses his knowledge of geology to throw light on linguistic, architectural and economics aspects of the state industry in Spain. This approach also includes an archaeological and historical study of the uses of state. The relationship between geology and toponymy are analysed. Is only from the 1st. Century a. D. Onwards that the use for roofing begant to extend, under roman influence, across the state-bearing areas of Spain. Vestiges of the first building in the liberian peninsula to be covered by slate are identified in Galicia. A model is proposed to splain the utilisation of slate in popular architecture which takes account of the climatological, orographic and geological constraints. The use of slate in monumental architecture is also analysed in areas outside the slate-producing regions, and king Philip II is shown to have played a role in the introduction of this construction material to Spain. The economics constrains which controlled the use of slate in royal buildings appear to have been scarcity of the resource, the difficulties of transport and the shortage of skilled slaters. -An analysis is presented of the geological resources, the economic production base and the market. The history of slate production is subdivised into two periods based on the mode of working. The limit between the pre-industrial and the industrial periods is placed at 1968, being the date of construction of the first industrial plant in Galicia. The pre-industrial period is itself subdivided into the pre-artisanal ad artisanal phases, the limit being situated in 1559 with the arrival of the first craftsmen working for Philip II. The explosive growth of slate production, being a consequence of an spanding external market, now places Spain in the forefront of producer countries. As a result, this has led to a decline of the traditional slate industries in european countries. In conclusion, the uses of slate over two thousand years bear witness to the social and cultural history of Spain
Du, Jinjun. "Gouvernement d'entreprise en Chine : l'exemple des entreprises céréalières d'Etat en Chine". Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030168.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe research on corporate governance was introduced into China at the beginning of 1990s when the construction of modern corporate system has been set as the ultimate goal of state-owned enterprise reform. After more than 15 years of theoretical research and reform practice, a complete system of corporate governance has been basically build up in China. However, because China has its own specific national conditions and is in the process of economic transition, it is impracticable to completely imitate or copy world’s mainstream corporate governance models such as Anglo-American Model or Japanese-German Model etc. By Chinese government and enterprises. This is especially true for the state-owned enterprises in the monopoly industries such as state-owned grain enterprises researched in this paper. As the state-owned enterprises in the monopoly industries serve dual functions: the function of performing macro-control task as the tools of government and the function of participating in market competition as market entity, it remains an unsolved problem how to choose and set sound corporate governance model for these enterprises. Generally speaking, the reform of state-owned grain enterprises has been shifting from the stage of shareholding reform to the stage of setting up sound corporate governance structure. At present, a great number of state-owned grain enterprises have set up the shareholders meeting, the board of directors, and the supervisory board in accordance with “Company Law”. However, due to the heavy burden of planned economy originated from long-time monopoly position, the state-owned grain enterprises still have not change their corporate governance structure substantially though the framework of the corporate governance has been set up in accordance with Company Law. In their business operations, there still exist many problems
Desbois-Thibault, Claire. "Dynamisme et prospérité d'une Maison de Champagne : Moët & Chandon (1792-1914)". Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040225.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring a large XIX century (1792-1914), from a small family business in wine trade, the Moët & Chandon firm has become a big industry in production and trade of champagne in an international large scate. Taking advantages of various technical (machines and transports) and scientific improvements (vine-growing and oenology) as well as a favaurable economical conjuncture, the firm has shown an exceptional growth combining both its growing good results in trade and the strengthening of its notoriety. This dynamism was the result of a prosperity of the firm, as well as the qualities of the fondators who ruled it. With this massive success, these people would give to their own name an international renown
Kasdi, Mohamed. "La naissance de l'industrie cotonnière dans le département du Nord : 1700-1830 : un produit, des consommateurs, des entrepreneurs". Lille 3, 2006. http://books.openedition.org/septentrion/1352.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Roux-Calas Muriel. "Évolution des stratégies de recherche d'une grande entreprise française : Péchiney, 1886-1975 : le cas de l'aluminium". Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040316.
Pełny tekst źródłaThough industrial research is of central importance for business industrial strategies. It has not been studied by the french history. What are the rythms and actors of r&d ? does france show a major originality in that field ? the case study of r&d in the aluminum sector of pechiney (5th aluminum producer in the world in 1944) allows the author to underline the gradual structuration of this activity over the last century. This process shows third stages. The first age (1886-1921) shows to the shifting of the research from the university to the industrial laboratory under the leadership of the inventor-businessmann. The second age (1921-1945) is the one of the french spcificity in the sense that the research activity left the laboratory for the plants under the supervision of the production engineers. At last, after the second world war, this specificity disappears because research goes back to autonomous and standardises laboratories where scientific engineers work
Caliste, Lisa. "Le Lodévois et ses marges. Industries, ateliers et entreprises (vallées de la Lergue et de l’Hérault, XVe siècle)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080046.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrom notarial acts, and following an approach combining a material approach and a study of relationships between individuals, the survey focused on industry, workshops and companies in the Lergue and Hérault valleys, in Fifteenth century. The detour by the criticism of the sources led to a better knowledge of the notaries of Lodévois. The words of the notary were questioned, those that designate workplaces, professional activities and manufactured products, focusing the investigation on wool clothes, specially burel, white wool cloth and blanquets. The production system was examined from the materiality of the workshop and the tools, the financing of the company and the organization of the production unit, in particular the methods of recruitment and remuneration of the workforce in the textile industry. One of the specificities of the company from Lodévois is in its legal base, often linked to the family environment. In addition, its financing involves the movement of capital and labor from one sector of activity to another. Finally, it was necessary to study the circulation of products by questioning spaces, people and markets. According to a classic approach, the nature of the goods and the traffic networks used were reconstructed, starting from the local scale to reach more distant spaces reached by the wool clothes, lambs-fur and barber's grindstones of Lodévois. In a system of nested markets, the figure of the intermediary appears as one of the characteristics of medieval industry in Lodévois
Marty, Nicolas. "Histoire d'une grande entreprise en Languedoc : la Source Perrier et son personnel, 1903-1990". Perpignan, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PERP0399.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Perrier spring is one of the leading companies in the mineral water industry, and was one of the key participants in the creation of this new product of consumption in the twentieth century. The first directors of the company were English, they took the decision, considered to be iconoclastic in France, to cut the company off from its hot spring source in order to create a totally separate consumer good. .
Moustafa, Mohamed. "Analyse perspective, rupture et renouvellement de l'analyse des structures de distribution : une analyse managériale et behavioriste de l'industrie des parfums et cosmétiques". Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL20013.
Pełny tekst źródłaStarting from the analysis of the literature devoted to the issue of the evolution of distribution systems, this research puts forward an investigative approach based on the strategy of a firm in the distribution field. A framework of strategic analysis based on the taking into account the firm's objectives, together with the analysis of consumer behaviour has been set up to demonstrate the dual aspects of the evolution of distribution systems and characterising the perceptions and expectations of consumer segments and deducing the development interest of the characteristics of new sales outlets for cosmetic products are vital during the period when they are put onto the French market. A trial to empirically validate the fundamental relations of the model proposed is presented in this paper
Mesaize, Michel. "Renault-Flins et l'ancien canton de Meulan : histoire d'une implantation industrielle et de ses retombées (1950-1984)". Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100193.
Pełny tekst źródłaCharpigny, Florence. "Tisser son passé : approche théorique et méthodologique d'un corpus d'ethnotextes". Lyon 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO20060.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work, interested in the history of the lyons' traditional silk industry, wants to describe the whole research work, organized round oral documents. First, an epistemological, theoretical and methodological frame must be erected, in order to see through the oral documents and to reflect on the processus to make a source from documents. Secondly, after the description of interviews, their actors and intention to try save a community's memory and culture - my purpose is to show the sense and originality of the oral talmk. Among many possibilities, three came to light, as fit to invest the last traditional industry's workers identity : speeches about the community's places, as district and worksop; speeches about production, fabrics in every form; and mytical speech : throught it, traditional relationships inside and outside the community take roots. This methodological and theoretical experience results are examined in conclusion, and in the same time new questions are proposed. Lastly, an appendix tome presents a trascript amply annotated for three interviews
Poulot, Monique. "Planteurs et sucriers français : les mutations exemplaires d'une filière classique". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010553.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe beet sector wich has undergone a deep reorganization since the years fifty, shows clearly the current changes of french agriculture. The beet culture has been affected by a technical revolution within reach of a small number of farmers. This movement was encouraged by the sugar manufacturers : the rationalization of the areas of provivioning and the ways of collecting made small farmers leave beet production. Finally, the quota system, more and more common in e. E. C. , appears as a way of achieving the reorganization. A new regional geography of culture is now appearing
Kazan, Rudyard. "Histoire d’une industrie au temps du mandat français : la distillerie Boustros Kazan et Fils de Beyrouth". Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10063.
Pełny tekst źródłaVignati-Pagis, Elizabeth. "Du fourneau à la fosse : changements techniques dans la métallurgie du fer au Burundi au cours des deux derniers millénaires : approche ethnographique, archéologique et historique". Paris 1, 1995. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01766320.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study, based on analysis of iron technological processes, through oral and written sources, excavations and survey works, shows an important change in iron production between 2000 bp and to-day. This work wants to demonstrate the relations between production and demand (the quality and the quantity of the product), between production and ressources (mineral and vegetal), and between production and social and political systems, in the era of the present burundi territory. The pluridisciplinary approach (ethno-archaeological,. . . ). Documents and sets forth hypothesis about those different points in a chronological frame
Paulès, Xavier. "L'opium à Canton 1912-1937 : essais de mainmise politique et pratiques sociales". Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/paules_x.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe supply side (production and distribution), as opposed to the demand, has been until now the main focus of scholarly research on the question of opium in China. Without neglecting the political dimension which, of course, remains important in that it defines the conditions of legal opium smoking, the main concern of this dissertation is the material and concrete aspects of opium consumption in Republican Canton. Between 1912 and 1937, the different authorities in charge of the city adopted a wide variety of strategies to deal with the opium question. The global trend, however, in full harmony with the national context, was that of a gradual softening of prohibition measures. From 1923 onwards, political power-holders decided to foster control of the system of opium in order to derive maximum profits from its exploitation. For this purpose, they experimented various ways of regulation combining farming out and direct state-control. Whereas contemporary witnesses who strongly opposed opium smoking wrote indictments of the opium situation of the time, the actual situation was not so appalling. Opium houses were not necessarily halls of fame patronized by gangsters, but on the contrary places of intensive social life. The smokers amounted to only a low proportion of less than 4 % of the population, with a clear downward trend. In the 1920s and 1930s, anti-opium propaganda aptly associated opium smoking with poverty. As a consequence, the smokers were increasingly taken into a process of social exclusion. An expression of this process was the gradual desertion of opium smoking by young people and upper classes
Liu, Chiu-Lan. "Les couleurs sur les porcelaines de cour pendant les règnes de Kangxi (1662-1722) et de Qianlong (1736-1795)". Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040019.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the 18th century it was an important element to control the culture for consolidation of the Manchu authority. The emperors Kangxi and Qianlong wanted at the same time to be protectors and amateurs of Chinese art. They tried to show that their taste for art was better than that of others. For this reason, the porcelains' colours became an important element for the emperor. The first part of this thesis uses the results of U. S. A. And Shanghai laboratories's to study the porcelain's chemical composition. We could find the chemical evolution from ceramic to porcelain (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, K2O and TiO2). The papers of Father d'Entrecolles, Tang Ying and Song Yingxing were also used to complete the chemical source. The artisans' techniques and know-how allows to recognise the different periods of the porcelain. The presentations of royal workshop's and patterns on the porcelain and Jingdezhen's factory have been studied by many thesis and articles. They will not be repeated in this thesis. The object of this study is the colours on the royal porcelain during the 17th and the 18th century. For this reason, the second part researches the colours used by the emperor's court: local colours as well as European colours and their role and meaning in the royal court and Chinese society. We classified the colours by the different families. The colours' chemical composition, their mineral pigments used, the methods for making them are the principle subjects for part III. We also compare the Manchu court's and European colours to analyse the possible influence in this domain given by the European catholic missionaries in Peking. The European missionaries' contribution is not only limited to the colours. We know they worked in the same workshops with Chinese artists and painters had to work according to the emperor's taste. It became a special style in the paintings of the court
Emami, Parvaneh. "L'Industrie pétrolière en Iran, 1970-1978 : ses effets d'entraînement sur l'économie iranienne". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070020.
Pełny tekst źródłaZhao, Chao. "Commerce de la soie grège entre la France et la Chine pendant le 19e siècle : impulsions, intermédiaires et influences industrielles de l'échange euro-asiatique au cours de la globalisation". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH015/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis book focuses on the silk trade between China and France in the 19th century, with the aim of clarifying certain specific Euro-Asian trade in the course of globalization in the 19th century. We chose the Franco-Chinese silk trade as the objective of research, because, first, the use of historical records and documents, we find that the Franco-Chinese trade in the 19th century and grew up mainly from the augmentation of the import of Chinese silk in France. The exchange of the silk is one of the most important and the most typical trade between the two countries in the 19th century. Secondly, the exchange of the Franco-Chinese silk plays a very important role in the trade in raw materials of the world in the 19th century. Precisely, this book is intended to address the issues and further discuss on the Franco-Chinese silk trade itself and the Eurasian business long distance, specifically on their evolutions, their impulses, their commercial intermediation and their industrial impacts. In the first step, we will show the development of Franco-Chinese silk trade of the 19th century, and analyze the causes of its prosperity, at the level of supply and demand. On the demand side, we will examine the impacts of changes in the French industry on imports from china. In particular, it relate to the decrease and the limited increase of the French silk production. On the supply side, the question is to understand what makes it possible for the growth of the production of raw silk in china, but also the reasons for the limited development of domestic demand. In a second step, we discuss the roles of the various silk trade corporations connecting two side of the Eurasian continent. First, the Great Britain is the most important country of distribution of raw materials and semi-finished products of the world during the period of the industrial revolution. We will observe the roles of the London market and English merchants in the indirect silk trade between France and china. Then, we show the roles of the French companies and foreign firms in the direct trade of silk between France and china, the prosperous of which starts from the 1850s and 1860s. In this part, we will discuss the influence of the growth of the direct import of Chinese silk in France to the installation and the development of French companies in china, and the relationship of these French companies with other intermediaries, especially the silks firms of England, Germany and Switzerland. Finally, we analyze the roles of different groups of Chinese merchants in the foreign trade of silk of china, the relationship between these groups and the relations between the Chinese traders and foreign firms. In the end, as the raw silk is a raw material for the production of silk, this book will also discuss the impact of the silk trade to the silk industry in the two countries. In this part, we will select a new angle – interaction of the industrializations in the two countries -- to analyze the relationship between foreign trade and industrialization in the 19th century. Firstly, there will be the discussions about the influence of the industrialization of western countries in the industrialization of the Asian countries. Secondly, we will also search for the effects of the dynamics of the silk trade between the two countries to their reactions of industrializations. In all these issues, we will try to link the eastern and western industrial revolutions to international trade together
Larguier, Gilbert. "Le drap et le grain en Languedoc : recherches sur Narbonne et le Narbonnais (1300-1789)". Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070108.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdopting a plan in three parts, breaks (1300-middle of the XV th century), rebirth (middle of the XV th century-end of the XVI th century), apogee and decline (XVII th century-XVIII th century), the work tries to understand how a town of 30 000 inhabitants in 1300, which matters in Europe, a town of the sheet, could fall below 10 000 inhabitants five centuries later, reduce its activity to export grains and be unable to establish itself as the conty town of the department in 1789. This decline, unic in western Europe, product of an internal and international economy provides an example of a complexe urban recession. The falling down of the production of sheets, of the big trade, of the sea traffic in the first half of the. Xv th century leads to the collapse of the social system. A spectacular restoring happened in the XVI th century, founded on a triple dynamic : port and trading (Narbonne becomes the first port in Languedoc) country and social. The new nobility who is forming looks for land with passion. Narbonne, nevertheless, fails in restoring craft production, the two seas canal challanged to it. 1680 is the beginning for it of a serious crisis about which it doesn't manage to get over in the xviii th century
Levrat, Régine. "La culture cotonnière en Afrique soudanienne de la zone Franc depuis les débuts de la colonisation : l'exemple du Cameroun". Bordeaux 3, 2007. https://www.dawsonera.com/abstract/9782296212718.
Pełny tekst źródłaStarting from a general study on cotton (ecological and historical), this thesis deals with the history of the spreading of the cultivation of the cotton by France in its African colonies. After the first attempts, diversified and with unequal results (failure in "AOF" and Cameroun, questionable success in AEF), in 1950 was put in place organizations which ensured the success of this approach: IRCT (Institut de Recherches du Coton et des Textiles Exotiques) and CFDT (Compagnie Française pour le Développement des Fibres Textiles). This cultivation and the companies who promoted it, CFDT and national subsidiaries which relayed it, invested of a mission widened to the whole development, played a preponderant role in the raising up of this area, by applying an identical plan based on the small producers and the integration of the chain from the production of the "cotton-graine" to the commercialization of the fiber, as it is well illustrated with the case of the Cameroun. From the example of the cotton, the analysis widens to the economical politic of France vis-à-vis these African countries, during the colonial age and after, pointing out their situation of dependence in regards of their former mother country and international bodies (BM and OMC), setting the problem of a disparity North/South in the present system of globalization dominated by the US through the action of falling quotations and subventions
Arnoux, Mathieu. "Etudes sur la production, le travail et le commerce du fer dans la Normandie médiévale (XIe-XVe siècles)". Paris, EHESS, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990EHES0052.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuilbaud, Juliette. ""À Paris, chez Guillaume Desprez. . . " : le livre janséniste et ses réseaux aux XVII et XVIII siècles". Paris, EPHE, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPHE4045.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Jansenist movement has been primarily, until now, the subject of analyses dominated by issues concerning literary history, limited in national historiographical aspects. The thesis focuses on a new approach related to book history. It aims to demonstrate that the partisans of Jansenism, in spite of their social diversity, can be regarded as a party, utilising printed matter as a basis for cohesion and propaganda. The organisation of this party is, above all, strategic. This is because it relies on a network of influential relations in competing powerful and controversial. The political and religious authorities understood its potential and realised that it was necessary to control the spread of its ideas. The Jansenists, with the help of their printers and book sellers, ensured efficacy of the publication and diffusion of their ideas. The Jansenists, with the help of their printers and book sellers, ensured efficacy of the publication and diffusion of their ideas. This thesis demonstrates precisely how Jansenism used printed matter to influence public opinion and how it can be understood in relation to the modern phenomena of mass media and mass circulation. The role consequently allowed the Jansenist movement to spread throughout Europe, particularly in the German-speaking territories and in Central Europe, in the seventeenth and especially the eighteenth century. Also during this period, the Jansenists made use of innovations in the technology of printed matter to futher perpetuate the diffusion of their literature
Chapuis, Marcel. "Martineurs et chaudronniers : l'industrie du cuivre à Durfort (Tarn)". Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10065.
Pełny tekst źródłaEscudier, Jean-Louis. "Contribution à l'histoire des rapports économiques de genre : application à la viticulture française 1850-2010". Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1185.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis is to applied to French wine growing a linked analyze of employment and economics gender relations. In a first part, relative to the period from 1850 to 1914, we explain the historical building of wine growing tasks, the intermittent employment and the half-payment of female workers. In a second part, which speaks about 1914 to 1945, we show how, for women, agricultural and domestic education was not a technical training to wine growing but a social model for housewives. Always paid half of male workers, women are less employed but they remain indispensable for some wine growing tasks like grape harvest. In the third part, about years 1945 to 2010, we analyze the impact of new employment norm (female wages represent 80 % of male wages) and collective agreements on employment, professional qualification and payment of female workers. Because of lacks of general data on female labor force, we have chosen to use several kinds of archives sources : account books of wine growing farms, administrative, judiciary and trade-unions archives, professional media and interviews with female viticulturists