Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Industrial Process Heat (IPH)

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Industrial Process Heat (IPH)”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Industrial Process Heat (IPH)"

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Chaturvedi, S. K., i L. M. Murphy. "Energy Conservation Potential of Large Capacity Solar-Assisted Heat Pumps for Low Temperature IPH Applications". Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 107, nr 4 (1.11.1985): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3267694.

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Energy conservation and economic potential of large capacity (∼MWth) solar-assisted water-to-water heat pumps (SAHP) is evaluated for year round low temperature (<100° C) industrial process heating applications at four locations in the United States. The long-term thermal performance of the SAHP system is determined by a recently proposed utilizability method that accounts for the variable coefficient of performance of the SAHP system. The large SAHP system appears to be an attractive energy conservation alternative to fuel oil and electricity for locations with high solar resources and low electricity costs. In all but one location, the SAHP system was clearly superior to the solar only systems, such as flat plate and concentrating collectors, from the point of view of the annualized delivered energy cost. For the ranges of collector area and load temperatures considered in this study, the large SAHP system has clearly superior energy conservation potential at all four locations compared to other alternatives such as fuel oil or electricity. However, the practial suitability of SAHP cycle, as determined by the levelized cost of delivered energy, is unfavorable at all four locations when compared with fuel oil.
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Tao, K., K. Yamada, S. Higashi, K. Kago, H. Takeshita i K. Tokumitsu. "Relationship between Molecular Orientation Relaxation during Physical Aging and Heat Resistance of Polystyrene Injection Moldings". International Polymer Processing 36, nr 5 (1.11.2021): 577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2020-4093.

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Abstract This work examined the relationship between changes in molecular orientation and the heat resistance (heat distortion temperature) of polystyrene injection moldings following heat treatment below the glass transition temperature. Molecular orientation around the core layer of the injection moldings was found to be relaxed by the heat treatment. Also, in the untreated specimen, the molecular orientation around the core layer was relaxed from 60°C during the heating process. Since loss tangent (tanδ) also increased from 60°C during the heating process in the untreated specimen, it was considered that the increase in tanδ occurred with the molecular motion due to the relaxation of molecular orientation from 60°C. After the heat treatment, because of the relaxation of molecular orientation around the core layer by the heat treatment, the relaxation of molecular orientation from 60 °C did not occur during the subsequent heating process, and the tanδ of the polymer between 60 and 90 °C was decreased. Because this decrease in the tanδ over this temperature range improved the heat resistance of the material, the enhanced heat resistance by the heat treatment was attributed to the suppression of the relaxation of molecular orientation from 60°C during the heating process. Furthermore, relaxation of molecular orientation and enthalpy relaxation were related to improvement in the heat resistance.
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Prabhakaran, R., M. Kontopoulou, G. Zak, P. J. Bates i V. Sidiropoulos. "Simulation of Heat Transfer in Laser Transmission Welding". International Polymer Processing 20, nr 4 (1.08.2005): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2005-0069.

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Abstract A numerical simulation of the heat transfer during laser transmission welding is presented. A finite difference approach was used to solve the one-dimensional unsteady-state heat conduction problem and to investigate the effect of welding conditions on the time-dependent temperature profiles for PA 6. For the needs of the simulation, the process was divided into heating and heat redistribution periods. The absorption coefficient of the laser-transparent part was measured experimentally and that of the laser-absorbing part was fitted using experimental data. The predicted temperature profiles were combined with experimental meltdown data to estimate the heat-affected zone thickness in the welded specimens. Good agreement was found between the estimated and measured heat-affected zone thickness values.
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Yamane, H., i J. L. White. "Simulation of Tubular Film Extrusion of Polymer Melts". International Polymer Processing 2, nr 2 (1.04.1987): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-1987-0030.

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Abstract A model of the tubular film process is presented which includes power law non-linear rheological behaviour with temperature and crystallinity dependent properties. The heat transfer modelling uses an experimental correlation for the heat transfer coefficient. It is shown that except at low activation energies of viscous flow, the power law exponents have little influence on bubble shape. For activation energies of viscous flow of 11 kcal/mol and more, the temperature dependence of rheological properties dominates bubble shapes at fixed drawdown ratios, blowup ratios and frostline heights. Low activation energies of viscous flow produced wine glass shaped bubbles, while high activation energies cause rapid increases in bubble radius after the die exit.
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Buffel, B., K. Leeman i F. Desplentere. "Pulsed IR Heating of Thermoplastic Sheets for Thermoforming Applications". International Polymer Processing 36, nr 4 (1.09.2021): 388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2020-3981.

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Abstract This study presents the pulsed heating strategy as an advancement of the current state of the art in industry towards the theoretically fastest method of heating a thermoplastic sheet. Experimental temperature measurements are combined with an explicit finite difference numerical model to describe the pulsed heating method and indicate its added value in IR heating of thermoplastic sheets. Different process settings are evaluated and indicate the effect of the applied heat flux and the time interval tOFF during pulsed heating. When switched off, the residual heating of the heater elements is able to partially compensate for the convective heat losses at the surface of the sheet. This results in a more uniform temperature distribution through thickness without slowing down the overall heating process. The study shows that this effect is lost when the time interval in which the heater element is switched off, increases. Applying pulsed heating opens up a large processing window to control the through-thickness temperature difference. When the total amount of applied thermal energy is taken into account, pulsed heating is able to increase the overall heating rate and simultaneously keep the temperature difference through thickness limited.
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Calabrese, L., i A. Valenza. "Modelling of Phase Transitions and Residual Thermal Stress of CTBN Rubber Modified Epoxy Resins during a Pultrusion Process". International Polymer Processing 22, nr 2 (1.04.2007): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2007-0002.

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Abstract The implicit finite difference and fourth order Runge-Kutta method are used both to solve the heat transfer problem in the pultrusion reaction and to calculate the temperature and conversion distributions within a thermoset composite profile. The aim of our work is to study the influence of a rubbery phase added to the epoxy matrix in production conditions. The results have shown that the rubber modified systems have a low exothermic temperature peak value, so that neither the amount of cured resin nor the final product properties are limited. First of all we will show that the phase transition (gelation and vitrification) zones within the die change as the amount of rubber varies in the resin. The relationship between the position and of these zones and the resin systems will be discussed. We calculate the residual thermal stresses for all the investigated fibre/resin systems, showing a reduction when the rubber amount increases in the epoxy blend.
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Liu, S. J., i Y. T. Dung. "Ultrasonic Vibration Hot Embossing". International Polymer Processing 20, nr 4 (1.08.2005): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2005-0074.

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Abstract Hot embossing has become a popular method for replicating precise micro-features onto large plastic plates. However, a long cycle time of the process due to conventional electric heating or hot oil heating is one of problems that confound the overall success of this technology. This study proposed a novel hot embossing method by using ultrasonic vibration as a heat generator. Experiments were carried out on a 2000-watt ultrasonic welding machine. A 2 mm thick polymethyl methyl acrylic (PMMA) plate was used for embossing microstructures onto its surface. The results in this study suggest that ultrasonic vibration hot embossing can provide an effective way of molding microstructures onto the surface of polymeric plates. Nevertheless, this novel process will need some improvements in the design of the ultrasonic vibration machine in order to make the process feasible.
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Henrichsen, L. K., i A. J. McHugh. "Analysis of Film Blowing with Flow-enhanced Crystallization". International Polymer Processing 22, nr 2 (1.04.2007): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2007-0010.

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Abstract An analysis of the transient film blowing process is presented based on the two-phase Giesekus/rigid rod model for flow-enhanced crystallization described in Part 1 [1]. Linearized frequency analysis has been used to explore the effects of system disturbances on the process. Results show that perturbations related to heat transfer and inflation pressure are more significant than the effects of film thickness (die swell). In addition, crystallinity is shown to have a consistent stabilizing effect on the system, with more crystallinity dampening the perturbations. Stability diagrams for each material show relatively wide regions of convergence in the blow-up ratio (BUR) – draw ratio space, however, at higher BURs (≥ ~ 4) the system becomes unstable for all DRs.
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Kanai, Toshitaka. "Theoretical Analysis of Tubular Film Extrusion and its Applications for HMW-HDPE". International Polymer Processing 2, nr 3 (1.07.1987): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-1987-0005.

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Abstract Theoretical analysis of the tubular film extrusion using computer simulation presented has been used to preduct bubble shapes, velocity profiles and stretching stresses. From the theoretical analysis, maximum stretching stresses, which are closely related to film physical properties, were predicted under various process conditions. This theoretical analysis was applied to high molecular weight HDPE tubular film process. It was found that high strength HDPE film can be produced by maintaining high stretching stress, which is obtained on the conditions of high out-put rate, high take-up speed and low temperature by reducing the heat generated by viscous dissipation. Further, the processability of HDPE film produced using bubble stabilizing equipment was discussed.
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Li, S., N. Gao i D. Ewing. "Experimental Investigation of the Effect of the Bubble Cone on the Cooling Jets used in the Blown Film Manufacturing Process". International Polymer Processing 20, nr 4 (1.08.2005): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2005-0072.

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Abstract An experimental investigation was performed to characterize the flow field produced by a dual-lip air ring used in the blown-film manufacturing process for a solid model with a blow-up ratio of 3.5 similar to the shape of a typical LLDPE bubble. Distributions of the static and fluctuating pressure on the model and the flow field above the forming cone were measured for a range of settings on the dual-lip air ring. It was found that the distribution of the pressure on the bubble below the forming cone had many features similar to the measurements for a bubble with a blow-up ratio of 2.5 [1]. In the region above the forming cone, the upper jet appeared to merge with the lower jet rather than entraining the lower jet as was observed for a bubble with a blow-up ratio of 2.5 [1]. This resulted in a smaller local maximum in the normalized fluctuating pressure in the region above the forming cone and would likely result in less heat transfer in this region. It was also found that the initial angle of the upper jet exiting the air ring changed when the height of the bubble cone was adjusted for the bubble with the blow-up ratio of 3.5. This affected the static pressure in the region below the location where the upper jet attaches to the bubble and the pressure fluctuations in the region where the upper jet attaches to the surface. Finally, unlike the bubble with the blow-up-ratio of 2.5 [1], the presence of the bubble cone caused a region of negative gauge pressure in the region above the forming cone that should act to stabilize the bubble against the bubble cone. The pressure in this region and the region below the forming cone both decreased when the porosity of the bubble cone was reduced.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Industrial Process Heat (IPH)"

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Pietromonaco, Joseph Allen. "A Heat Transfer Model for Industrial Food Processes". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1312936641.

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Meyers, Steven [Verfasser]. "Methodology development and assessment of lower carbon industrial process heat through solar energy and heat pumps / Steven Meyers". Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162152265/34.

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Mann, James Gainey. "Process Integration: Unifying Concepts, Industrial Applications and Software Implementation". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29336.

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This dissertation is a complete unifying approach to the fundamentals, industrial applications and software implementation of an important branch of process-engineering principles and practice, called process integration. The latter refers to the system-oriented, thermodynamically-based and integrated approaches to the analysis, synthesis and retrofit of process plants, focusing on integrating the use of materials and energy, and minimizing the generation of emissions and wastes. This work extends process integration to include applications for industrial water reuse and wastewater minimization and presents previous developments in a unified manner. The basic ideas of process integration are: (1) to consider first the big picture by looking at the entire manufacturing process as an integrated system; (2) to apply process-engineering principles to key process steps to establish a priori targets for the use of materials and energy, and for the generation of emissions and wastes; and (3) to finalize the details of the process design and retrofit later to support the integrated view, particularly in meeting the established targets. Pinch technology is a set of primarily graphical tools for analyzing a process plant's potential for energy conservation, emission reduction and waste minimization. Here, we identify targets for the minimum consumption of heating and cooling utilities, mass-separating agents, freshwater consumption, wastewater generation and effluent treatment and propose economical grassroots designs and retrofit projects to meet these goals. An emerging alternative approach to pinch technology, especially when analyzing complex water-using operations and effluent-treatment systems, is mathematical optimization. We solve nonlinear programming problems for simple water-using operations through readily available commercial software. However, more complex, nonconvex problems require sophisticated reformulation techniques to guarantee optimality and are the subject of continuing academic and commercial development. This work develops the principles and practice of an environmentally significant breakthrough of process integration, called water-pinch technology. The new technology enables the practicing engineers to maximize water reuse, reduce wastewater generation, and minimize effluent treatment through pinch technology and mathematical optimization. It applies the technology in an industrial water-reuse demonstration project in a petrochemical complex in Taiwan, increasing the average water reuse (and thus reducing the wastewater treatment) in the five manufacturing facilities from 18.6% to 37%. This dissertation presents complete conceptual and software developments to unify the known branches of process integration, such as heat and mass integration, and wastewater minimization, and explores new frontiers of applications to greatly simplify the tools of process integration for practicing engineers.
Ph. D.
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Edwards, R. J. "A study of the heat treatment of some non-ferrous alloys using the transverse flux induction process". Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376638.

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Wan, Iok-cheong, i 尹煜祥. "Investigate the dry and moist heat process for the design of industrial drying machinery for dye-houses". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47168936.

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 Drying process needs lots of energy and usually prone to high equipment and operational cost. Research tasks have focused on improving the drying performance and reducing the energy consumption rate. Among a number of industries, textile manufacturing needs the process intensively. It is surprising that little research has concerned principle enhancement and drying process design. In the support by Fong’s National Engineering Company Limited, a series of research that targeting to the inadequacy of technology development for machinery and process design have been conducted. The redevelopment of machinery design has based upon a heat setting machine –ECO dryer. The machine was used as a working platform to supply all necessary testing information before and after the enhancement. The ductwork and air distribution system design have been revised to improve the unevenness drying problems appeared in the heat setting of fabrics. Two main research scopes have been performed that included the development of a new duct sizing approach –Uniform Jet Velocity (UJV) and redesigning the air chambers. The proposed UJV approach is a new air duct design model developed from fluid dynamics principles. The air jet speed along each nozzle is maintained at a constant rate to provide a uniform jet impingement effect. A duct size algorithm was proposed to adjust the cross sectional area ratio between the main and branch streams for the target of producing a constant impingement velocity across the entire air duct. In the enhancement of the air distribution system design, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analytical approaches were used to model air flow patterns before and after the redesign of air chambers. The CFD analysis results told that a linear air distribution system with four sub-chamber design could produce the best air distribution pattern on the ECO dryer. The request of an accurate drying cycle time predication is also large in textile industry. It is because the problems of under-and over-drying usually happen in the jet impingement process. The second essential objective in the research is to develop systematical approaches for a good qualifying of a drying cycle. Four analytical models have been studied that included First order kinetics, Diffusion, model based on solutions of diffusion equation and Wet surface. An equation for each of the models was developed to describe the characteristics of a porous type fabric drying process. In the study, the required modeling parameters were empirically determined, and the accuracy among the models has been compared. Findings from the research have proved that the model based on solutions of diffusion equation can be the best strategy in presenting a drying cycle under different machine settings. The investigation has not ceased after the completion of the hot air jet impingement research. The study objectives have moved onto an alternative drying technology using steam as the drying medium. Due to many problems reported in the drying of yarn packages using electro-magnetic waves, moist heat drying technology is urgently needed. At the final part of the research, two CFD simulation models namely constant viscous resistance and increasing viscous resistance were studied. A preliminary result generated from ANSYS CFD analysis results was obtained that has opened up a new study area for further elaboration of a new drying technology, and hopefully can be practically applied to textile industry in the near future.
published_or_final_version
Mechanical Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Vikberg, Tommy. "Industrial Wood Drying : Airflow Distribution, Internal Heat Exchange and Moisture Content as Input and Feedback to the Process". Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Träteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26339.

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At a sawmill, the most energy demanding process is the wood drying. The drying process also has a great impact on quality parameters determined for the boards in the final sorting and thereby affects the sales value to a great extent. The objective of the work described in this compilation thesis was to find ways to improve the industrial wood drying process through better input, feedback and process itself. As input and feedback to the drying process, ways to improve the accuracy in estimating the moisture content (MC) was investigated. For the drying process itself, an investigation of the airflow distribution in a batch kiln at several different fan speeds was performed. Potential energy savings by introducing a new kiln layout was also investigated.To estimate the green MC, i.e. the MC of boards prior to drying, the average green MC of batches rather than individual boards were considered since large batches are handled in the drying anyway. Two different methods were investigated, one method in which the MC of the heartwood was presumed to be constant and a certain relation between the heartwood and sapwood basic density was present. In the other method, the average basic density was estimated as a function of the logs diameters. It was found that both methods worked satisfactory.To improve the accuracy in measuring the MC of the dried boards two approaches were used. The first approach was to combine different measurement techniques, i.e. microwaves and X-rays, to predict the same properties with a multivariate approach. By adding X-ray measurements to microwave measurements, the amount of boards with a predicted MC deviating less than 1% MC from the oven dry reference increased with 7%. The second approach was to investigate the potential of increasing the measurable board area by compensating for the vicinity of the boards edge with aid of a function developed through final element simulations. It was shown that this was possible although the magnitude of the improvement will depend on the actual measurement setup.The airflow distribution in drying was investigated by industrial trials in which the air speed was measured simultaneously at 20 spots throughout the load with the air circulating fans run at a number of different speeds. It was found that the airflow distribution did not change remarkably as a function of the fan speed and once the airflow is measured at a certain fan speed, the effect of changing the fan speed can be estimated using the fan affinity laws. Finally, potential energy savings with a new kiln layout was investigated through drying simulations and associated determinations of the drying air condition in the kiln. It was found that heat savings of roughly 30% could be accomplished in comparison to a kiln with no heat recovery.
Godkänd; 2015; 20150527 (tomvik); Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen. Namn: Tommy Vikberg Ämne: Träfysik/Wood Physics Avhandling: Industrial wood drying Airflow distribution, Internal Heat Exchange and Moisture Content as Input and Feedback to the Process Opponent: Professor Mihaela Campean, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania Ordförande: Professor Diego Elustondo, Avd för träteknologi, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, Luleå tekniska universitet, Skellefteå Tid: Fredag 9 oktober kl 10.00 Plats: Hörsal A i Skellefteå, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Osório, Tiago Vaz Pato. "Linear solar concentrators: new testing tools and facilities, application to novel CPC-type collectors for industrial process heat". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/25797.

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Solar energy can be converted into heat in small-scale or large-scale systems that work at low, medium or high temperatures. Presently, a major growth is being observed in large-scale systems for district heating and industrial process heat. Linear concentrators have a well-recognized role in this context and new configurations and solutions are in demand. These must be within the scope of product certification schemes, which rely on international testing standards. This thesis discusses the limitations of the current standards for linear concentrators and presents the design and construction of the Solar Concentrators Testing Platform at the University of Évora. The use of ray-tracing simulation tools to complement and extend the experimental results is also explored. This thesis goes on to present the development of new collector solutions for medium temperature applications (100–250 °C). The principles of non-imaging optics were used in the design of low-concentration (1 to 5) linear CPC-type solar reflectors with evacuated receivers that can generate high-performance, flexibly mounted and affordable solutions. Two collector concepts were investigated. The first is a stationary CPC-type collector with acceptance of 90°. The manufacturing process was considered by analysing different virtual absorber geometries. A prototype was built and tested. The second concept is a quasi-stationary CPC-type collector that only requires a few changes in its position along the year and does not need a sun-tracking system. As the search for the optimal collector design for a specific installation is complex, a thermo-economic optimization method was developed. Two prototypes were built and tested in a collaboration with the company MCG mind for metal. This collector, which is now at its final development stage, will be installed at an industrial facility - KEMET Electronics - in Évora, Portugal; Sumário: Concentradores solares lineares: novas ferramentas e infraestruturas de ensaio, aplicação a novos colectores do tipo CPC para calor de processo industrial A energia solar pode ser convertida em calor em sistemas de pequena ou grande escala, que funcionam a baixas, médias ou altas temperaturas. Actualmente, regista-se um grande crescimento na instalação de sistemas de grande escala para redes de calor e calor de processo industrial. Os concentradores lineares têm um papel reconhecido neste contexto e novas configurações e soluções estão em desenvolvimento. Estas devem integrar-se do âmbito dos esquemas de certificação, que se baseiam em normas de ensaio internacionais. Esta tese discute as limitações das normas actuais no ensaio de concentradores lineares e apresenta o projecto e a construção da Plataforma de Ensaio de Concentradores Solares na Universidade de Évora. O uso de ferramentas de simulação, através de técnicas de traçado de raios, é explorado com o fim de complementar e ampliar os resultados experimentais. A tese prossegue apresentando o desenvolvimento de novas soluções de colectores para aplicações a média temperatura (100–250 °C). Os princípios da óptica não reprodutora de imagem foram usados no desenho de refletores solares lineares do tipo CPC, de baixa concentração (1 a 5), com receptores evacuados que podem originar soluções com bom desempenho, montagem flexível e custos acessíveis. Dois conceitos de coletores foram investigados. O primeiro é um coletor estacionário do tipo CPC com aceitação de 90 graus. O processo de fabricação foi considerado através da análise de diferentes geometrias dos absorsores virtuais. Um protótipo foi construído e ensaiado. O segundo conceito é um coletor quasi-estacionário do tipo CPC, que requer apenas algumas mudanças na sua posição ao longo do ano, dispensando sistemas de seguimento solar. Devido à complexidade na definição do design ideal do coletor para uma instalação específica, foi desenvolvido um método de otimização termoeconómica. Foram construidos e ensaiados dois protótipos em colaboração com a empresa MCG mind for metal. Este colector, que se encontra actualmente no seu estágio final de desenvolvimento, será instalado num edifício industrial - a KEMET Electronics - em Évora, Portugal.
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Krishna, Kiran. "Measurement and prediction of aerosol formation for thesafe utilization of industrial fuids". Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/306.

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Mist or aerosol explosions present a serious hazard to process industries. Heat transfer fluids are widely used in the chemical process industry, are flammable above their flash points, and can cause aerosol explosions. Though the possibility of aerosol explosions has been widely documented, knowledge about their explosive potential is limited. Studying the formation of such aerosols by emulating leaks in process equipment will help define a source term for aerosol dispersions and aid in characterizing their explosion hazards. Analysis of the problem of aerosol explosions reveals three major steps: source term calculations, dispersion modeling, and explosion analysis. The explosion analysis, consisting of ignition and combustion, is largely affected by the droplet size distribution of the dispersed aerosol. The droplet size distribution of the dispersed aerosol is a function of the droplet size distribution of the aerosol formed from the leak. Existing methods of dealing with the problem of aerosol explosions are limited to enhancing the dispersion to prevent flammable concentrations and use of explosion suppression mechanisms. Insufficient data and theory on the flammability limits of aerosols renders such method speculative at best. Preventing the formation of aerosol upon leaking will provide an inherently safer solution to the problem. The research involves the non-intrusive measurement of heat transfer fluid aerosol sprays using a Malvern Diffraction Particle Analyzer. The aerosol is generated by plain orifice atomization to simulate the formation and dispersion of heat transfer fluid aerosols through leaks in process equipment. Predictive correlations relating aerosol droplet sizes to bulk liquid pressures, temperatures, thermal and fluid properties, leak sizes, and ambient conditions are presented. These correlations will be used to predict the conditions under which leaks will result in the formation of aerosols and will ultimately help in estimating the explosion hazards of heat transfer fluid aerosols. Heat transfer fluid selection can be based on liquids that are less likely to form aerosols. Design criteria also can incorporate the data to arrive at operating conditions that are less likely to produce aerosols. The goal is to provide information that will reduce the hazards of aerosol explosions thereby improving safety in process industries.
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Björnsdotter, Anna. "Återvinning av industriell restvärme som värdeskapande process : En fallstudie på SSAB EMEA i Borlänge". Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118745.

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The industrial sector accounts for a large share of greenhouse gas emissions. To reduce its negative impact on the environment is crucial in the quest for a sustainable future. In discussions of the industrial sector's impact on the environment guidelines have been highlighted as a tool to assist the industries in their efforts to change the relationship between the consumption of energy and production. This by improving energy efficiency and a shift to the best available technology. During the past 30 years the steel industry has reduced its energy consumption per ton of steel produced by 50 percent. However, due to this dramatic improvement in energy efficiency, it is estimated there is now only room for a marginal further improvement on the basis of existing technology. More innovative solutions are therefore required to further improve energy efficiency and achieve a more sustainable use of resources. In a description of the program Efficiency of Energy Use in Industry – Research and Development undertaken by the Swedish Energy Agency the interaction between industry and society is accentuated as an important factor in energy efficiency efforts. Today, there are already several examples of where the industry and the community work together to achieve a better utilization of resources. The steel industry SSAB EMEA has a manufacturing plant in Borlänge, Sweden, where they have been recycling waste heat from the industrial processes for a long period of time. In 1991 SSAB initiated collaboration with the local energy company regarding recovery of waste heat within the industrial enterprise. Since then, SSAB has contributed to the heating of the residences that are connected to the local district heating network. The present study aims to examine the values that the utilization of waste heat add to the industrial company and the community, and to explore how the use of industrial waste heat can be developed ahead. The examination consists of a case study and is mainly based on qualitative interviews with people from SSAB, the local energy company Borlänge Energi, Borlänge Municipality and the Swedish Energy Agency. Some quantitative data, such as measurements of heat deliveries, have also been used for the analysis. In addition a literature review with a focus on district heating in Sweden, industrial waste heat and instruments in energy and climate policy has been conducted. Through varied system levels the waste heat collaboration in Borlänge has been analyzed from a business, social and sustainable perspective. The result of the case study proves that the waste heat collaboration has added value in all perspectives. Business values that have been identified are reduced purchases of oil, compensation for delivered waste heat, exchange from vapour to in-house district heating within the steel factory site, reduced emissions of carbon dioxide, media attention and an improved brand and that the waste heat collaboration possibly made SSAB a more desirable employer. The use of industrial waste heat for district heating in Borlänge has also generated a range of social benefits, which consist of low operating costs for heat, low price of district heating, good energy mix and better air quality and less acidity. From a sustainability perspective, the waste heat utilization resulted in reduced emissions of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants and has been contributive to a sustainable use of raw materials and energy resources. The results also demonstrate that there are both opportunities and threats to a continued use of industrial waste heat. The opportunities identified are regional district heating networks, which can improve the conditions for effective use of waste heat, district cooling, which may increase the need for waste heat in the summer and in-house electricity production, which can accommodate some of the steel company's electricity need. A few threats to a continued use of waste heat have also been identified, which the first consists of co-generation and waste incineration, which can adversely affect energy companies incentives to enter into and renew agreements on waste heat deliveries since the companies do not want to be afflicted with reduced revenues from sales of electricity and electricity certificates or from the reception of waste. Furthermore has changes in energy policy been identified as a threat since for example a new tax on waste heat could worsen the conditions for both continuing and new waste heat collaborations.
Industrisektorn står för en stor andel av växthusgasutsläppen. Att minska dess negativa inverkan på klimatet är således grundläggande i strävan efter ett hållbart samhälle. I diskussioner kring industrisektorns påverkan på miljön har riktlinjer lyfts fram som ett instrument för att bistå industrin i arbetet med att förändra förhållandet mellan konsumtion av energi och produktion. Detta genom en förbättring av energieffektiviteten och en förskjutning till bästa möjliga teknik. Under de senaste 30 åren har stålindustrin reducerat sin energikonsumtion per ton producerat stål med 50 procent. Det sägs dock att dessa dramatiska framsteg i energieffektivitet har lett till att det nu endast finns rum för en marginell fortsatt förbättring förutsatt befintlig teknik. Om så är fallet måste våra vyer vidgas för att vi ska kunna hitta lösningar som innebär större effektivitetsvinster och ett bättre nyttjande av resurser. I en beskrivning av programmet Effektivisering av industrins energianvändning – forskning och utveckling som drivs av Energimyndigheten betonas samspelet mellan industri och samhälle som en viktig faktor i energieffektiviseringsarbetet. Idag finns det redan flera exempel på där industrin och samhället samarbetar för att uppnå ett bättre nyttjande av resurser. I Borlänge har stålföretaget SSAB EMEA en produktionsanläggning där de sedan länge återvinner restenergier från verksamhetens processer. År 1991 ingick SSAB avtal med det lokala energibolaget avseende tillvaratagande av restvärme vid industriföretaget. Sedan dess har SSAB bidragit till uppvärmningen av de bostäder som är anslutna till ortens fjärrvärmenät. Föreliggande studie har som syfte att undersöka vilka värden som tillvaratagandet av restvärmen tillför industriföretaget och samhället, samt ta reda på hur användandet av industriell restvärme kan komma att utvecklas framåt. Undersökningen består av en fallstudie och bygger i huvudsak på kvalitativa intervjuer med personer från SSAB, det lokala energibolaget Borlänge Energi, Borlänge kommun och Energimyndigheten men också på kvantitativ data, såsom mätningar av värmeleveranser. Sedan har även en litteraturstudie genomförts med fokus på fjärrvärme i Sverige, industriell restvärme och styrmedel i energi- och klimatpolitiken. Genom varierade systemnivåer har restvärmesamarbetet i Borlänge analyserats ur företagsekonomiskt, samhällsekonomiskt och hållbart perspektiv. Resultatet av fallstudien visar att restvärmesamarbetet tillfört värden inom samtliga perspektiv. De företagsekonomiska vinster som har identifierats är minskade inköp av olja, ersättning för levererad restvärme, byte från ånga till intern fjärrvärme inom stålföretagets verksområde, minskade utsläpp av koldioxid, medial uppmärksamhet och stärkt varumärke och att restvärmesamarbetet eventuellt gjort SSAB till en mer attraktiv arbetsgivare. Användandet av industriell restvärme som fjärrvärme i Borlänges lokala fjärrvärmenät har även genererat en rad samhällsekonomiska vinster, vilka utgörs av låg driftskostnad för värmeproduktion, lågt pris på fjärrvärme, bra miljömix samt bättre luftkvalitet och mindre försurning. Ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv har restvärmenyttjandet resulterat i minskade utsläpp av koldioxid och andra luftföroreningar och varit bidragande till ett hållbart nyttjande av råvaror och energiresurser. Resultatet visar också att det finns både möjligheter och hot för ett fortsatt användande av industriell restvärme. De möjligheter som identifierats är regionala fjärrvärmenät, som genom omfattande värmeunderlag kan förbättra förutsättningarna för effektiv användning av restvärmen, fjärrkyla, som kan öka behovet av restvärmen under sommarhalvåret och egen elproduktion, som kan tillgodose en del av industriföretagets elbehov. Sedan har även hot för ett fortsatt användande av restvärme identifierats, vilken den första utgörs av kraftvärme och avfallsförbränning, som kan inverka negativt på energibolags incitament till att ingå och förnya avtal om restvärmeleveranser då bolagen inte vill riskera att drabbas av minskade intäkter från försäljning av el och elcertifikat eller från mottagande av avfall. Även förändringar i energipolitiken har identifierats som ett hot då exempelvis en ny beskattning på restvärme kan försämra förutsättningarna för både fortsatta och nya restvärmesamarbeten.
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Wang, Dongtao. "Equilibrium temperature analysis and fill pattern reasoning for die casting process". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1095171663.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 199 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-199).
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Książki na temat "Industrial Process Heat (IPH)"

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Whitehouse, Adrian Paul. Heat transfer fluid in an industrial process refrigeration system. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1991.

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Great Britain. Energy Efficiency Office. i Atomic Energy Research Establishment. Energy Technology Support Unit., red. Industrial heat recovery: The availability of waste heat in eight UK high temperature process industries. Newmarket: Energy Publications, 1985.

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Nee, Michael J. Heat exchanger engineering techniques: Process, air conditioning, and electronic systems. New York: ASME Press, 2003.

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Wallin, Erik. Process integration of industrial heat pumps in grass-root and retrofit situations. Goteborg: Chalmers Universityof Technology, 1996.

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International, Conference on Compact Heat Exchangers for the Process Industries (1997 Snowbird Utah). Compact heat exchangers for the process industries: Proceedings of an International Conference on Compact Heat Exhangers for the Process Industries, held at the Cliff Lodge andf Conferene Center, Snowbird, Utah during June 22-27, 1997. New York: Begell House, 1997.

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International Conference on Compact Heat Exchangers and Enhancement Technology for the Process Industries (2nd 1999 Banff, Alta.). Compact heat exchangers and enhancement technology for the process industries: Proceedings of the International Conference on Compact Heat Exchangers and Enhancement Technology for the Process Industries held at the Banff Centre for Conferences, Banff, Canada, July 18-23, 1999. Redaktor Shah R. K. New York: Begell House, 1999.

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Nee, Michael J. Heat exchanger engineering techniques: Process, air conditioning, and electronic systems : a treatise on heat exchanger installations that did not meet performance. New York: ASME Press, 2003.

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Claire, Soares, red. Turboexpanders and process application. Boston, Mass: Gulf Professional Pub., 2001.

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Hakan, Gür Cemil, i Pan Jiansheng, red. Handbook of thermal process modeling of steels. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2009.

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Shilyaev, Mihail, Elena Hromova, Aleksandr Bogomolov, A. Pavlenko i V. Butov. Modeling of hydrodynamics and heat and mass transfer in dispersed media. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1865376.

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The monograph presents methods for calculating the dehydration of wet granular materials in industrial centrifuges, filter presses and vacuum filters under the influence of gravitational forces, as well as by purging the granular layer with dry air with elevated temperature; physical and mathematical models of gas absorption and the theory of capturing submicron dust by condensation in foam, centrifugal bubbling apparatus and hollow nozzle scrubbers, packing columns and tubular absorbers; physical and mathematical models of dry adsorption of gases in packing columns and flues by injecting a dispersed adsorbent into the flow are presented, a method for determining the phase equilibrium constants of sorption processes based on the developed models is proposed; physical and mathematical modeling and analysis of the combustion process of dispersed solid ash fuel in a four-stage cyclone gorenje is carried out. the furnace. It can be useful in the educational process for a number of specialties, in particular thermal power engineering, chemical-technological, metallurgical profiles, environmentalists, as well as for researchers and graduate students and in engineering practice.
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Części książek na temat "Industrial Process Heat (IPH)"

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Özil, E. "Solar Industrial Process Heat Production". W Solar Energy Utilization, 708–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3631-7_38.

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Garg, H. P. "Solar Energy for Industrial Process Heat". W Advances in Solar Energy Technology, 103–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3795-6_2.

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Adnot, J., W. Cai, P. Lievoux, P. Hennig, B. Tucker, J. Hameury, J. R. Filtz, J. J. Ph Elich i I. Guglyurtlu. "Modelling Radiative Heat Transfer in Industrial Enclosures". W Energy Efficiency in Process Technology, 153–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1454-7_15.

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Isdale, J. D. "Generic Studies for Industrial Heat Exchanger Fouling". W Energy Efficiency in Process Technology, 715–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1454-7_64.

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Goswami, D. Yogi. "Solar Heating Systems and Industrial Process Heat". W Principles of Solar Engineering, 235–97. Wyd. 4. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003244387-5.

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Petrecca, Giovanni. "Heat Exchange and Recovery in Process and Facilities". W Industrial Energy Management: Principles and Applications, 311–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3160-9_15.

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Norton, Brian. "Solar Thermal Power Generation and Industrial Process Heat". W Lecture Notes in Energy, 123–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7275-5_7.

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Farjana, Shahjadi Hisan, Nazmul Huda i M. A. Parvez Mahmud. "Industry-Specific Utilization of Solar Industrial Process Heat (SHIP)". W Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion, 409–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59594-7_14.

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Rosario, T. C., R. A. Kalid i D. D. Santana. "Simultaneous Data Reconciliation and Parameter Estimation Applied to a Heat Exchange Process". W Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 311–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56920-4_25.

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Akhmadiev, Fail, Renat Gizzyatov i Ilshat Nazipov. "Mathematical Model of the Heat Transfer Process in Multilayer Fencing Structures". W Cyber-Physical Systems: Modelling and Industrial Application, 323–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95120-7_27.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Industrial Process Heat (IPH)"

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Fatouh, M., M. Nabil, E. Mahmoud i M. K. Mahmoud. "Performance of a Solar Thermal Parabolic Trough Concentrator for Industrial Process Heat (IPH) Applications in Egypt". W ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44007.

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In Egypt, surveying the industrial sectors revealed that in the last few years the industrial process heat (IPH) consumed more than 60% of the annual industrial energy demand, of which about 50% is in the temperature range from 80 to 150°C. Among different renewable energy resources, it is found that solar thermal technologies, especially parabolic trough concentrators (PTC) are more convenient for the IPH applications. Thus, the present work deals with studying the main design and performance characteristics that enable the local manufacturing of a PTC for IPH applications in the range of 80 to 150°C in Egypt. It includes theoretical and experimental parts. The theoretical part was conducted using a specially developed computer program based on the energy balance equations of each component of PTC. The experimental part was carried out on a test rig designed and constructed using mainly local manufacturing capabilities. Effects of concentration ratio, radiation, inlet temperature and mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid, glass envelope diameter and top thermal insulation on the theoretical and experimental performance of PTC are graphically reported. Finally, a brief discussion of the local manufacturing possibilities as well as some identified barriers that can hinder promotion of the technology in a very suitable and huge market like Egypt is presented in this paper.
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Turchi, Craig S., Parthiv Kurup i Guangdong Zhu. "Revisiting Parabolic Trough Concentrators for Industrial Process Heat in the United States". W ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59621.

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After significant interest in the 1970s, but relatively few deployments, the use of concentrating solar collectors for thermal applications, including enhanced oil recovery, desalination, and industrial process heat (IPH), is again increasing in global interest. In particular, recent advances in collector design and manufacturing have led to reduced cost per square meter of aperture area. In this study, analysis of a modern parabolic trough that is suited for use in small solar IPH (SIPH) applications predicts that the installed solar field cost can be as low as $170/m2. A slightly higher cost of $200/m2 is estimated for facilities typical of a SIPH plant size. Full project costs will include additional costs for contingency, piping and heat exchanger interface, and project indirect costs. The cost for solar-generated heat by SIPH is quantified by defining the levelized cost of heat (LCOH). California offers a favorable environment for SIPH given its good insolation, gas prices typically higher than the national average, and policies promoting solar-thermal deployment. Given historically low gas prices, competing with natural gas remains the primary challenge to deployment. However, this study finds that the solar LCOH for many regions in California is lower than the LCOH from natural gas, using a representative installed solar hardware price and the average price for industrial natural gas in California. Lastly, modification are in progress to the parabolic trough model within NREL’s System Advisor Model (SAM) to allow users to more easily predict performance for these steam-generation applications.
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Olszewski, Mitch, i Abdi Zaltash. "Innovative High Temperature Lift Heat Pump Technologies for Industrial Processes". W ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-1004.

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Abstract The process integration approach has been extended with a plant utility emphasis by the Department of Energy (DOE) Industrial Heat Pump (IHP) Program. In this approach, reject heat from a process is upgraded to plant utility conditions and fed into the plant distribution system. Therefore, the reject heat from any process can be used as input and the output can be used at any location within the plant. With this design philosophy, the unit can be easily integrated into existing industrial applications, and all reject heat streams become potential targets of opportunity. The plant utility approach cannot be implemented without heat pumps with high-lift capabilities (on the order of 150°F or 83°C). Currently available heat pumps have only about half the lift capability required. Thus the current emphasis for the DOE IHP Program is the development of high-lift chemical heat pumps that can deliver heat more economically to higher heat delivery temperatures. This paper details the proof-of-principle of innovative process cooling (refrigeration) and process heating technologies that are based on advanced cycles and/or advanced working fluids. In addition, it discusses the current status of the program to develop economically competitive, environmentally acceptable heat pump technologies that are capable of providing the delivery temperature and lift required to supply industrial plant utility-grade process heating and/or cooling.
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Gharbia, Yousef, Mohamed Fayed i Mohammed Anany. "Steam Generation for EHOR Using PTC System Modeled in SAM". W ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10332.

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Abstract Kuwait’s oil reserves include approximately 13 bn barrels of heavy oil, primarily located in the northern region of the country. The Lower Fars (LF) heavy oil development project aims to extract heavy oil from the Ratqa oil field. The US$7 bn project is being developed in phases, with the first phase expected to start in 2019 with a production rate of 60,000 Barrel of Oil Per Day (BOPD). This amount is planned to ramp up to 270,000 BOPD by 2030. The steam required for the Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery (EHOR) process can be either generated by using conventional fuels or renewable energy resources, such as solar energy. The amount of steam required to recover a certain quantity of heavy oil depends on the value of Steam to Oil Ratio (SOR). The aim of this work was to determine the specifications of a parabolic trough collector field required to produce steam with the right properties to recover 270,000 BOPD from Lower Fars reservoir. The Industrial Process Heat (IPH) model of the System Advisor Model (SAM) software, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), was used for this purpose. The capital cost and the running cost of the project, as well as the Levelized Cost of Heat (LCOH), were also determined. The simulation was implemented on EuroTrough ET150 trough collectors and Schott PTR 70 receiving tubes. Different plant designs with different types of heat transfer fluids (HTF) including Therminol VP-1, Therminol 59, Therminol 66, Dowtherm Q, Dowtherm RP, and Caloria HT43 have been investigated.
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Thomas, A., M. S. Shashikala i B. G. Sangameshwara. "COMPUTER CODE SOLAR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS HEAT SYSTEM". W Second International Forum on Expert System and Computer Simulation in Energy Engineering. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.1992.intforumexpsyscompsimee.860.

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Saidi, Mohammad S., Mohammad H. Saidi, Sahand Pirouzpanah i Ali Nikparto. "Thermo-Hydrodynamic Modeling of a Single Bubble Nozzle-Diffuser Phase Change Micropump". W ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2008-62359.

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Nowadays, the potential of phase change process in liquids at micro scale attracts the scientists to fabricate this type of micropumps. Such micropumps have widely found applications in industrial and medical equipments such as recent printers. Not using mechanical parts such as valves, and having small sizes and high and controllable mass flow rates are the advantages of these micropumps. In the nozzle diffuser phase change micropump a heat pulse generates a bubble in a chamber; therefore, the pressure pulse which is generated by the bubble, causes the bubble to expand suddenly with high rate, then the pressure of bubble reduces to the vapor pressure and causes negative rate of expansion to the bubble. After the bubble reaches its maximum size, the bubble collapses and disappears. Due to the existence of difference in pressure drop in the nozzle and diffuser sections, one can see unidirectional flow through diffuser direction. The objective of this article is to analyze theoretically the thermo-hydrodynamic behavior of the Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) bubble of a phase change micropump. Considering the simultaneous effects of hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of the bubble in the bubble creation chamber, and temperature-saturation pressure relation of the IPA bubble based on Clausius-Clapeyron equation, the dynamics of the embedded bubble has been modeled. Applying the results of the bubble dynamics, the flow rate of the micropump for one cycle of operation has been attained. The obtained theoretical values for the micropump flow rate show good agreement with the corresponding existing experimental data.
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Frasquet, Miguel, Juan Aramburo i Manuel Silva. "SWIPH, SAM wrapper for industrial process heat models". W SOLARPACES 2020: 26th International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086121.

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Platzer, Werner. "Total Performance Assessment Method for Industrial Process Heat Systems". W ISES Solar World Congress 2021. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2021.01.04.

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Tamme, Rainer, Wolf-Dieter Steinmann i Doerte Laing. "Thermal Energy Storage Technology for Industrial Process Heat Applications". W ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76250.

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This paper deals with the assessment of different thermal energy storage technologies for solar process heat application. Three different storage concepts are discussed in detail: sensible solid media storage, steam accumulators, and phase change energy storage. The first two systems are sensible storage systems and the latter one is using solid-liquid phase change of salts for isothermal heat storage. All three concepts are superior to commercially available pressurized water storage units. For the assessment of the different concepts a reference case was defined consisting of a solar system providing saturated steam for an industrial process demanding heat at 140 °C. The temperature difference between operation temperature of the solar system and the industrial process has significant influence on the assessment of the different storage technologies. A small temperature difference of 20K or even less shows significant advantage of the PCM storage approach. Values in the order of 60K lead to an adjustment of the cost of the different concepts. In this case a more detailed evaluation is required to identify the most economic technology.
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Akar, Sertaç, Parthiv Kurup, Josh McTigue i Matt Boyd. "Renewable thermal hybridization framework for industrial process heat applications". W SOLARPACES 2020: 26th International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085805.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Industrial Process Heat (IPH)"

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Stine, W. Solar Industrial Process Heat Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5691177.

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Brown, D. R., L. L. Fassbender i A. D. Chockie. Value of solar thermal industrial process heat. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5950189.

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Eastwood, A. Process Integration Study [Advanced Industrial Heat Pump Applications and Evaluations]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834786.

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McMillan, Colin, Carrie Schoeneberger, Jingyi Zhang, Parthiv Kurup, Eric Masanet, Robert Margolis, Steven Meyers, Mike Bannister, Evan Rosenlieb i William Xi. Opportunities for Solar Industrial Process Heat in the United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762440.

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Kurup, Parthiv, i Craig Turchi. Initial Investigation into the Potential of CSP Industrial Process Heat for the Southwest United States. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1227710.

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Eastwood, A. Process Integration Study of Cache Valley Cheese Plant [Advanced Industrial Heat Pump Applications and Evaluations]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834790.

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Platzer, Werner. IEA SHC Task 49/IV - Deliverable C2 - Overview and description of simulation tools for solar industrial process heat systems. IEA SHC Task 49, sierpień 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task49-2015-0007.

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Nitz, Peter, i Jürgen Fluch. Collection of available solar process heat related national and trans-national research and funding programs. IEA SHC Task 64, kwiecień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task64-2021-0001.

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Within Task 64/IV Solar Process Heat, Subtask E Guideline to Market is aiming to support a wider penetration of solar thermal technologies in the supply of heating (and cooling) in industry, demonstrating Solar Heat for Industrial Processes (SHIP) to be an important contribution to the decarbonisation of the industrial sector. This requires not only to overcome technical and/or technological barriers, but it is crucial to also address on technical barriers. Whereas well suited system integration strategies, design tools, standardized procedures or modular components are all in all paramount for the development of reliable and prompt off the shelve solutions, experience shows that often non-technological barriers might have a critical role in the decision making process. Above all, competitiveness and investment/financing related barriers prove in many cases to be the bottleneck for the adoption of solar thermal technologies in the industrial framework.
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Eastwood, A. Process Integration Study of the Decatur HFCS Plant for American Fructose Company, Decatur, AL [Advanced Industrial Heat Pump Applications and Evaluations]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834788.

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Pag, F., M. Jesper, U. Jordan, W. Gruber-Glatzl i J. Fluch. Reference applications for renewable heat. IEA SHC Task 64, styczeń 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task64-2021-0002.

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There is a high degree of freedom and flexibility in the way to integrate renewable process heat in industrial processes. Nearly in every industrial or commercial application various heat sinks can be found, which are suitable to be supplied by renewable heat, e.g. from solar thermal, heat pumps, biomass or others. But in contrast to conventional fossil fuel powered heating systems, most renewable heating technologies are more sensitive to the requirements defined by the specific demand of the industrial company. Fossil fuel-based systems benefit from their indifference to process temperatures in terms of energy efficiency, their flexibility with respect to part-load as well as on-off operation, and the fuel as a (unlimited) chemical storage. In contrast, the required temperature and the temporal course of the heat demand over the year determine whether a certain regenerative heat generator is technically feasible at all or at least significantly influence parameters like efficiency or coverage rate.
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