Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Industrial corridor”

Spatial interpolation methods were analyzed to determine the best fit for subsidence rates and to create a predictive surface for the lower Mississippi River Industrial corridor (LMRIC). Empirical Bayesian kriging, ordinary kriging, universal kriging, and Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation methods were applied to the 2004 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) published Technical Report #50 dataset and cross validation methods were utilized to determine the accuracy of each method. The mean error and root mean square error were calculated for each interpolation method, then used to detect bias and compare the predicted value with the actual observation value. Cross-validation estimates are comparable for each method statistically and visually; however, the results indicate the empirical Bayesian kriging interpolation method is the most accurate of the methods using the lowest root mean square scores. Digital elevation models for the years 2025, 2050, and 2075 were developed based on the predictive surface of subsidence rates using the results from the empirical Bayesian kriging interpolation method. Results indicate that by 2025, 30.9% of landmass in the LMRIC will be below sea level, with 41.9% below sea level by 2050, and 53.5% by 2075. Subsidence rates in the LMRIC range from approximately 28 mm to 2 mm per year. Eighteen of the 153 industrial complexes located in the LMRIC are estimated to be below sea level by the year 2075.

This thesis explores the impact that the petrochemical industry has had on the built environment of Norco, St. Charles Parish, Louisiana. Previous scholars have suggested that heavy industry in Norco consumes a majority of the Mississippi River's natural levee, which is the most elevated and flood resistant land in the town. In order to test these observations, the author of this thesis has collected parcel-level land use data in Norco to determine the flood hazard and topographical characteristics of these various land uses. Spatial calculations, run using Geographic Information System software, have determined that heavy industrial land uses in Norco consume a vast majority of the Mississippi River's natural levee.

Petrochemical industrial (PTCI) sites may be considered a niche in the property market. Mainstream economics, industrial development and real estate studies related literatures treat it as the same as others. By prescribing the New Institutional Economics (NIE) approach, this research seeks to find a definitive line to divide between this sub-sector with other industrial activities. In particular, from the real estate perspective. The key research question is on the effect of formal institutions on industrial land supply. The empirical research was carried out in Kerteh and Gebeng in the Malaysian East Coast region. Despite being isolated from nation’s mainstream economic activities as well as politically distinctive, the tiny townships managed to be host to global petroleum, gas and chemical giants, believed to have received the highest concentration of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Malaysia. Data were gathered on the physical development on the industrial sites, through official records investigation at the government offices as well as interviews with key figures both in the government and firms. Qualitative and descriptive quantitative data analyses were applied. Within the studied area, it was found that the two State Governments, Terengganu and Pahang are the only land suppliers for PTCI use. Results from the analyses indicate that formal institutions have a substantial influence on supply-side behavior. The key findings suggest that due to the complexity of the government decision making process, government supply of industrial sites for PTCI use is timely, uncertain, and not flexible according to demand. To arrive at a decision, on land in particular, the authorities have to consult a massive set of information, dozens of public offices, hundreds of standards and a wide range of expertises. In addition, a structured decision making process is strictly observed. The findings indicate that in the PTCI sector, where the investment is vulnerable to various forms of risks, the property transaction mode is slightly distinctive. The deadliest threat is unexpected changes in prices and supply of the chemical feedstock. As natural gas derivatives, especially butane, ethane and propane, the supply is dictated by the global market. Anticipating a threat, new sites must be sought. The authority’s inability to respond to the immediate firms’ needs invites additional risks. In addition, where the risk is very high, land prices are not imperative in industrial locating. The findings also signify that the government decision making process which is framed out by the social institutions which has been inherited since generations has hardly changed. The firms however, without touching the institutional arrangements, through a unique clustering process find ways on how to beat the red tape to secure a site together with the chemical feedstock.

This thesis investigates how operating in a policy-driven industrial cluster built from scratch by policymakers affects the internationalisation of firms. Following the success of well-known clusters like Silicon Valley, policymakers in many countries often seek to replicate these examples, anticipating the offset of various advantages as a result. One of the main perceived externalities associated with developing an industrial cluster is that it can potentially provide a foundation for enhancing firm internationalisation. However, extant literature has not adequately addressed whether and how a policy-driven industrial cluster affects the international growth of firms. In fact, research examining the impact on internationalisation of clusters as a whole, whether policy-driven or otherwise, is relatively scant, despite the importance of locational factors in International Business (IB) research, as stipulated by the eminent John Dunning, among others. The purpose of this research, therefore, is to generate fresh insights and understanding into how operating in a policy-driven industrial cluster impinges on firm internationalisation. The context of the study is the case of Malaysia's Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC). This case was selected for two key reasons. Firstly, it fits with the definition of a policy-driven industrial cluster, namely that its birth was the result of the direct actions of policymakers, and secondly, one of its primary objectives is to enhance firm internationalisation, which makes it a highly suitable case to examine.The research adopts the interpretivist paradigm, with an embedded single-case study deemed the most appropriate methodology for responding to the research question. Multiple sources of evidence were employed, with the primary focus being on personal interviews with key managers in 10 firms, and representatives from the MSC cluster and a private organisation that works to support firms and entrepreneurs in the cluster. The findings suggest that the impacts of a policy-driven cluster on internationalisation are largely associated with marketing and financial support from policymakers, rather than deriving from the geographic co-location of actors, as suggested by much of the existing literature on 'organic' clusters. The key contributions of the research are grounded in the fact that it focuses on internationalisation within a particular context (a policy-driven cluster) which, as noted, has been largely overlooked by IB scholars. In particular, fresh insight has been gained into some of the potential motivations behind firms joining such clusters, and the nature of their impact on internationalisation. The study also stresses various important implications that emerge for practitioners and policymakers. The thesis concludes by highlighting the limitations of the study and offers some suggestions for future related research.

El trabajo que a continuación se expone tiene el interés de ser la única investigación que recoge la aportación a la vivienda obrera española realizada en las colonias industriales impulsadas durante las primeras décadas de vida de la empresa Hidrola (Hidroeléctrica Española o HE) concretamente en la etapa comprendida entre los años 1910 y 1940, abordando el estudio de las tres unidades situadas a lo largo del Sistema Hidrográfico del río Júcar, en la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla-la Mancha: El Molinar (1910, Villa de Ves), Lucas Urquijo (1914, Enguidanos) y El Tranco del Lobo (1925, Casas de Ves), proyectos de los ingenieros en plantilla de la empresa, principalmente Manuel Cominges y Oscar Laucirica. De entre las soluciones aportadas en estos modestos y autosuficientes asentamientos destaca la ordenación espacial, así como el proyecto de algunos tipos edificatorios, teniendo un especial interés, por sus rasgos de modernidad, la construcción de vivienda colectiva para obreros en la colonia Lucas Urquijo: un bloque lineal exento de viviendas con acceso por escaleras y corredores exteriores de la primera mitad de la década de los años treinta. Se ha realizado un análisis comparativo con otros ejemplos europeos, considerados paradigmáticos y que gozan de reconocimiento internacional, con el fin de reconocer el valor -no sólo arquitectónico, sino también histórico, social y cultural- de las actualmente olvidadas colonias objeto de esta investigación, constituyendo un primer paso hacia su merecida conservación.
Salvador Luján, N. (2014). Las colonias obreras de las primeras décadas de HIDROLA, 1910-1940. Adoptando modelos utópicos del s.XIX; aportando soluciones de vivienda obrera del s.XX [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/39345
Alfresco

Cette thèse s'intéresse à l'interaction des transactions dans le montage opérationnel de grands projets immobiliers et industriels. Depuis deux décennies à Chennai (capitale du Tamil Nadu, Inde), les pouvoirs publics font la promotion des Corridors de développement économique, qui transforment des hectares de terre, voire des villages entiers. Si les politiques publiques, la gestion des organisations ou les conflits qu'entraîne l'émergence de ces projets impliquant des acteurs multiples et exogènes sont étudiés, peu de travaux s'attachent à décomposer les mécanismes anticipés, les multiples formes de négociations et les contextes historiques dans lesquels s'inscrivent ces projets. En étudiant la rencontre de la localité avec le projet et les reconfigurations de la société locale qu'elle implique, nous changeons de perspective : nous donnons à voir comment les forces locales s'approprient ces vecteurs de croissance pour asseoir ou défendre leur position sociale. A travers l'étude ethnographique de villages, nous décrivons et renseignons les représentations associées au sol et les pratiques d'acquisition foncière afin d'éclairer les micro-logiques : ces processus fragiles et incertains dans lesquels les acteurs s'impliquent de façon coordonnée ou non. Cette approche soulève les paradoxes dans la concrétisation des projets, qui malgré leur planification, découlent tant de rapports de forces que de compromis. Elle rend également compte de la production d'innovations foncières qui articulent les normes juridiques, les jeux politiques, les croyances et appartenances sociales qui s'imposent
This thesis examines the interactions of transactions entailed in the process of setting up residential and industrial Mega-Projects. In Chennai (capital of Tamil Nadu, India), the regional government has been promoting Economic Development Corridors, which, for over two decades, have been transforming hectares of private agricultural lands, public lands and even entire villages. Although research on public policies, foreign private investment or land conflicts is well documented, little attention has been paid to the upstream mechanisms, the multiplicity of negotiations and the historical context in which those projects develop. By studying the interaction between villages and projects and the social and spatial local transformation taking place, this work presents a new perspective : how do local actors appropriate those vectors of growth to strengthen and defend their social position? Using ethnographic methodology, we describe and examine the meaning of land and land acquisition practices in order to bring to light the "micro-logics": fragile and uncertain processes in which actors implement non-linear and flexible strategies. This approach allows highlighting the paradoxes inherent in the process of project concretisation and which result from power relationships and compromises. In addition, it allows to unpack "land innovations processes" which emerge from legal norms, the interplay of political forces, beliefs and social roles

A Inteligência Artificial tornou-se no novo motor da quarta revolução industrial para o desenvolvimento económico e social, trazendo oportunidades relevantes em domínios como a medicina e saúde, educação, transporte, sustentabilidade ambiental, entre outros. Os riscos, no entanto, também se apresentam, como potencialmente perigosos por se tratar de uma tecnologia disruptiva capaz de afetar os governos, a segurança económica, a estabilidade social e até a global governance; podendo contribuir para gerar alterações na estrutura do emprego, condicionar a lei e a ética social, violar a privacidade pessoal, desafiar as relações internacionais, de entre outras influências possíveis. A Inteligência Artificial promete contribuir para remodelar muito significativamente a ordem global, tal como a conhecemos, sobretudo desde o final da Guerra Fria. Considerando que a competição entre os sistemas político-sociais comunistas, fascistas e demo-liberais definiram grande parte do século XX, a grande questão que se coloca é saber como poderá a competição entre a democracia liberal digital e o autoritarismo digital definir e moldar o século XXI e em que termos. No tempo presente, considera-se determinante deter um olhar crítico sobre os efeitos desta nova tecnologia - que já influencia atores e políticas internacionais –, assim como discutir os interesses estratégicos, políticos e económicos a ela associados. No mesmo sentido, e uma vez que o desenvolvimento da Inteligência Artificial está a ser considerado como o principal componente de estratégias estatais, que têm como objetivo central o aumento da competitividade e da segurança nacional, importa, igualmente, ponderar os meios e os instrumentos que melhor possam garantir o seu uso para fins genericamente considerados benéficos.
Artificial intelligence has become a new engine of the fourth industrial revolution for economic and social development, bringing relevant opportunities in the fields of medicine and health, education, transportation, environmental sustainability, etc. The risks, however, are also displayed, as potentially dangerous. Artificial intelligence is a disruptive technology that can affect government management, economic security, social stability, and even global governance, which may lead to changes in employment structure, impact law and social ethics, violating personal privacy and challenge international relations among others. Artificial Intelligence promises to reshape the global order, as we know it, for the first time since the end of the Cold War. Considering that competition between communist, fascist and liberal democratic social systems defined much of the twentieth century, the main question now is how may the struggle between digital liberal democracy and digital authoritarianism define and shape the twenty-first. At the present time, it is crucial to determine a critical look at the effects of this technology, which already influences many international actors and policies, as well as to discuss the strategic, political and economic interests associated with it. Therefore, and since the development of Artificial Intelligence is considered as the main component of state strategies, whose central objective is to increase competitiveness and national security, it is also important to consider the means and instruments that can best guarantee its use for purposes generally considered beneficial.
N/A

A consideração de condicionantes espaciais em modelos de otimização matemática para lidar com o manejo de florestas públicas e privadas é cada vez mais comum. Um desses condicionantes é a imposição de corredores de conectividade para o abrigo e movimentação da fauna e flora, principalmente devido ao elevado grau de fragmentação das áreas de vegetação nativa, o qual exerce um forte impacto na probabilidade de sobrevivência de várias espécies no longo prazo. O objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de metodologias auxiliares que permitam ao gestor florestal garantir uma conectividade mínima entre fragmentos de vegetação nativa utilizando unidades de manejo da floresta de produção com determinadas características, interligando fragmentos adjacentes a floresta de produção concomitantemente com a produção de bens e serviços florestais. Duas técnicas foram consideradas; um modelo matemático de programação linear inteira mista e uma heurística denominada heurística da RazãoR. Os dois métodos consideraram o estabelecimento de corredores de conectividade em todos os períodos do horizonte de planejamento simultaneamente, e as equações inseridas permitem ao gestor controlar a qualidade das unidades de manejo aptas a formar o corredor. O modelo de programação linear inteira mista proposto para resolução desse problema faz uso de uma importante propriedade da programação em redes, permitindo a inserção das restrições de conectividade sem adicionar variáveis binárias além daquelas necessárias ao modelo sem conectividade. A solução ótima foi obtida tanto o problema com incorporação de conectividade como para o problema sem conectividade, sendo a diferença entre valores das respectivas funções objetivo o custo de oportunidade do estabelecimento dos corredores. Na heurística da RazãoR, utilizou-se um algoritmo recursivo baseado na Teoria de Grafos e na programação dinâmica para se avaliar o déficit de conectividade das soluções. Dois estudos de caso foram utilizados para a aplicação das técnicas propostas, uma fazenda de uma empresa de celulose do estado de São Paulo, denominada Fazenda Empresarial, e o Parque Estadual Anhanguera. Os dois métodos alcançaram o objetivo de elaborar planos otimizados de manejo florestal estabelecendo uma conectividade mínima entre os fragmentos de vegetação nativa. O custo avaliado para o estabelecimento da conectividade da Fazenda Empresarial foi de 0,051% do valor da função objetivo do problema sem conectividade. A heurística mostrou-se eficaz em encontrar ótimas soluções viáveis, com valores da função objetivo variando de 99,71% a 99,83% do valor encontrado pelo modelo de programação linear inteira mista, após um número médio de 48 iterações. Entretanto, o tempo médio para a heurística encontrar uma solução para o problema foi de dez minutos e vinte e cinco segundos, sendo cinco vezes superior ao tempo necessário para o modelo matemático retornar a solução ótima (um minuto e cinqüenta e quatro segundos). A provável causa do baixo desempenho da heurística em termos de tempo para encontrar uma solução se encontra no método de programação que não buscou gerar um código rápido, deixando espaço no futuro para melhorias quando problemas de maior escala precisem ser resolvidos e a solução de grandes problemas de programação linear inteira mista não possa ser encontrada pelos softwares convencionais.
The consideration of spatial constraints into mathematical optimization models to deal with the management of public and private forests is increasingly common. Due to the increasing fragmentation of natural forests and decreasing species survival\'s probability, an important constraint considers the existence of corridors that work as shelters to allow for the movement and exchange of fauna and flora species. The aim of this paper is the development of auxiliary methodologies to support forest manager in creating a minimal net of corridors formed by industrial forest stands with certain characteristics that connect industrial stands and still conciliate production and environmental concerns. Two techniques were considered; a mixed integer linear programming model and a heuristic procedure called the R-ratio method. Both techniques dealt with the simultaneous incorporation of connectivity corridors over all planning periods in the planning horizon, and allowed the manager to control the quality of the forest stands that can take part of the corridors. The mixed integer linear programming model created to solve this problem relies on an important property of network optimization models, allowing the insertion of the connectivity restrictions without increasing the number of binary variables already present in the model with no connectivity constraints. The optimal solution was achieved in both models, and the difference between the two objective functions revealed the opportunity cost of establishing the corridors. In the R-ratio heuristic, a recursive algorithm based on Graph Theory and on dynamic programming was used. The technique was applied in two cases, a farm of a owned by a pulpwood company in the State of São Paulo, referred to as the Company Farm, and the Anhanguera Forest State Park. Both methods optimized the objective and produced forest management plans that resulted in minimal connectivity among all fragments of native forests. The cost of creating corridor on the Company Farm represents 0,051% of the total objective function value for the no connectivity formulation. The R-ratio heuristic was effective in finding good viable solutions to the problem, with values to the objective function varying from 99,71% to 99,83% of the value found to the optimal solution of a mixed integer linear programming, after an average of 48 iterations. Meanwhile, the heuristic took an average time of ten minutes and twenty five seconds to find a viable good viable solution, representing five times the time required by the mixed integer formulation to find an optimal solution. The probable cause of this low performance in terms of time to find a solution is that the heuristic was not programmed to efficiently generate fast executable codes, leaving space for future improvements if necessary when dealing with large scale problems and in the absence of conventional software capable of dealing with large scale mixed integer linear programming problems.

Malaysia is a transition economic country that aims to be a developed country by 2020. In realising this mission (Vision 2020), the cluster concept has been an interest and adopted by the central authorities. There are few years ahead to reach the targeted year and it interest of this study to investigate the relevant development on its own engineered cluster of the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) that was put forward on the success of Silicon Valley in the US. This thesis focuses on the development of the MSC cluster in the Malaysia context. It examines and measures the state of the cluster, the role played by its core actors (from Triple Helix perspective) and their relationship in the MSC. The role of collaboration has been used to measure the relationship among actors with the key determinants of cluster formation. A mixed data collection method was used to answer the research question and objectives involved. A conceptual model for analysing the MSC cluster is proposed, bringing together insights from the literature on clusters, role of actors, collaborative relationship and the complex systems of innovation approach. This conceptual model uncover the weaknesses of social dimension (social infrastructure) in Porter’s diamond model and the general approach of Triple Helix model in the cluster development. The cluster lifecycle model is used to add the depth to the analysis on the condition of cluster development.

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The patent system can be considered a mechanism for regulating innovation. Some law and economics studies analyzing the patent system indicate that the so called 'patent races' – when different individuals or businesses independently invest scarce resources to create and patent a solution to a certain technical problem – are an inefficiency of the patent system. This is because, according to their authors, only the first one to finish the development of a new technical solution and require patent protection to the appropriate authorities could obtain patent protection and explore the invention, so the other competitors would have wasted scarce resources with their researches. Our goal is to verify if these studies are correct, in other words, if 'patent races' are indeed an inefficiency of the patent system, especially considering the legal rules governing the system, the logic concerning the innovation process, game theory and the eventual benefits generated to the society through research and development of new technical solutions.
O sistema de patentes pode ser considerado um instrumento de regulação da inovação. Alguns autores que estudam o sistema de patentes pela ótica da análise econômica do direito indicam que as chamadas 'corridas por patentes' – quando diferentes indivíduos ou empresas, de forma independente, buscam desenvolver e patentear uma solução para determinado problema técnico – configurariam uma ineficiência do sistema de patentes. Isso porque, de acordo com esses autores, somente o primeiro a concluir o desenvolvimento de uma nova solução técnica e requerer proteção junto aos órgãos competentes é que poderia obter uma patente e explorar a invenção, de maneira que os outros competidores teriam simplesmente desperdiçado recursos escassos com suas pesquisas. O objetivo dessa dissertação é verificar se tais análises estão corretas, ou seja, se as 'corridas por patentes' de fato constituem uma ineficiência do sistema de patentes, em especial à luz da legislação pertinente ao tema, da lógica atinente ao processo de inovação, da teoria dos jogos e dos benefícios eventualmente gerados para a sociedade pela pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novas soluções técnicas.

The Springfield Armory is widely recognized as having played a key role in the development of interchangeable parts and precision manufacturing. The Armory, in implementing Ordnance Department policies, acted as an inadvertent industrial policy by developing and diffusing “best practice” production techniques. The Armory acted as the central coordination agency within an early network of arms manufacturers and materials suppliers and provided valuable services and information that facilitated rapid industrialization along the “Precision Corridor” of the Connecticut River Valley.

This architectural thesis addresses a derelict urban rail corridor and the possibility of combining architecture and landscape to reactivate its latent potential as a dynamic seam in the urban fabric. Edmonton is a city built on a foundation of interconnectedness with the nation. Rail access has established the city as a staging hub for various industrial practices since the mid 19th century: import and export, agriculture, oil and gas, etc. As inner city rail access as been discontinued, parcels of rail land have been left as relics; nostalgic reminders of a formerly expansive arterial mechanical network, in turn connecting the city to a mechanical backbone spanning the nation. This architectural intervention will reactivate a piece of rail land in the northwestern part of downtown Edmonton by establishing a dynamic activity corridor around an energy-harnessing machine.
Apart from in-depth studies in renewable resource harvesting and climate, the thesis is driven by studies in rail and agricultural mechanisms, as well as existing post-industrial park typologies.

博士
國立臺灣大學
建築與城鄉研究所
88
Major public construction project is one of the means to promote regional development by government. Investigation on the spatial impacts of a public construction project in terms of local economic development and life quality improvement has been an important research area. On the one hand, Chung-Sun Freeway has been operated more than 20 years since the completion in 1976, on the other hand, industrial park had been the major policy instrument to promote manufacturing industrial development since 1967. Empirical analysis of the impacts of freeway interchanges and industrial park development on surrounding area’s industrial development is an interesting and important research topic in regional study. Based on the application of geographic information system, physical distance between townships and interchanges in Taiwan’s west corridor are estimated for regression analysis. Associated with the past industrial census data, the spatial impacts of freeway system and industrial park development are analyzed in temporal, spatial and industrial dimensions respectively. In this research, it is found that freeway interchanges have generated enhancement effects on the manufacturing industrial development of its surrounding area. The radius of impact area is approximately within 15 to 25 kilometers. The manufacturing industries along freeway corridor distribute in a negative exponential function against its distance to interchanges. The impact magnitude diminishes in temporal dimension. It is also found that industrial parks have enhanced clustering effects to manufacturing industries and created agglomeration effects in spatial distribution. Freeway system and industrial parks were statistically verified as the main factors influencing the manufacturing industrial development. Based on negative exponential function form with reference to distance, other possible social-economic factors are then included into consideration in modeling. An integrated spatial impact model with distance variables was developed to explain the impacts of freeway interchange and industrial park development on the spatial distribution of manufacturing industry. The proposed model should be helpful to decisions related to national physical planning and future researches.

Everyone wants to live in a healthy environment, an idea that has always been closely associated with the healthy landscape. Pretoria CBD is no longer a place that offers such a landscape; it is congested, fragmented and placeless. People move far and wide to get away from its hostile environments, chasing after the high gloss images of nature displayed on the billboards and posters of suburbia. They race to find a patch of land within the security complexes and estates of the east, all the while being savagely pursued by the evils of urban sprawl and decentralization. Surely there must be a way of addressing mans need and desire for landscape without perpetuating urban problems and destroying the very nature they strive for? In order to ensure a sustainable future for Pretoria needs to investigate new ways to deal with the urban problems of sprawl and decay. This thesis explores the potential of using landscape as the basis with which one can reorder and reconstruct the urban form in a way that will offer people the ideals they search within a sustainable urban environment. The investigation starts at a regional scale in order to holistically address urban issues and identify opportunities and then works its way across a range of scales down to detail design and place making. It looks new methods of constructing contemporary landscapes not by mere superimposition but by working with the current and historic urban fabric as well as the social, historical and environmental processes that have shaped it over time. It looks to the far from idyllic, yet brutally honest, post-industrial landscape of Pretoria West to construct hybrid landscapes. Arguing that if one were to genuinely offer people a healthy landscape, one they can experience and relate to, the might actually want to live in the city, in return awakening spontaneous urban renewal.
Dissertation (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Architecture
unrestricted

Pakistan has always had a history of severe energy shortfalls, which rose up to an alarming 33% in 2013. This situation was countered by investments in the energy sector through the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which were unfortunately largely based on brown fuels. Although beneficial in the short term, these investments do not bode well for the climate scenario of Pakistan, with various parts of the country already having experienced temperatures rise of 1-3°C. To ensure that the current situation doesn’t exacerbate and is tackled in a timely manner, this research aims to examine how the untapped potential of renewable energy in Pakistan can be better utilized by modelling the entire electrical grid system for multi-portfolio based sustainable electricity generation, in line with the sustainable development goals chalked out by Pakistan with the United Nations (UN). Delving further into the matter, a gap is observed that demands coalescence between sustainability and portfolio-based generation in the context of Pakistan, since the prevalent narrative is of Business As Usual (BAU). The research methodology implemented is a cross sectional case study employing qualitative and quantitative data collection methods and outcomes, in which the entire grid system of Pakistan is studied and sustainability metrics are defined; followed by a comprehensive use of Multi-Criteria Decision Methodology in decision making process. Portfolios defined are a combination of different generation technologies, each simulating a possible avenue of policy, and are then evaluated for a range of sustainability metrics to understand the tradeoffs involved to arrive at a set goal. The process decision framework developed shall enable the Pakistani energy sector in meeting the energy demands by providing the decision-makers with various routes to do so, while informing on the sustainability impact of their decisions.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
Um Centro de Artes que surge do reaproveitamento de silos portuários e uma frente fluvial degradada que se vai potenciando através da gentrificação. Parecem ideias concebíveis, mas que repercussão terão num tecido urbano pós-industrial, numa lógica social e de conquista de espaço público? Estas questões foram levantadas durante o processo projetual na cadeira de Atelier de Projeto II. Primeiramente, foi feita uma análise do território com o intuito de perceber, não só o seu tecido urbano, mas também quem o percorre e que movimentos são feitos diariamente. Concluímos que o terreno está divido em várias zonas urbanas e que estas podem ser discriminadas por zonas: a primeira, na parte mais alta da freguesia, composta na sua maioria por bairros sociais, zona marginalizada pela sociedade; a segunda, a velha Marvila, situada nas cotas médias da encosta, que surge a partir do antigo Caminho do Oriente, e limitada entre duas linhas ferroviárias; a terceira, a zona ribeirinha, caraterizada pela presença de equipamentos portuários e de armazéns industriais e que atualmente sofre um processo de gentrificação. Contudo, comprovamos que estas três zonas se encontram segregadas e os residentes raramente visitam as zonas contíguas, desperdiçando a oportunidade da dimensão social. Para esse efeito, é proposto um eixo-chave, que pretende unificar e entrelaçar todos os equipamentos propostos com o percurso, capaz de gerar conexões urbanas entre estas três zonas e promover o desenvolvimento cultural.Sendo assim, o objetivo primordial é resolver a problemática da segregação urbana através de corredores saudáveis como método de regeneração das conexões transversais e da dimensão coletiva. Considerando que é uma atitude impreterível neste processo de coesão social e cultural, este percurso, que anteriormente era composto por espaços vazios e deteriorados, incorpora agora novos espaços urbanos e novos conteúdos programáticos que vão ao encontro da ideia da cidade contemporânea.O segundo objetivo passa pela reabilitação de vários equipamentos pré-existentes no culminar desse eixo, na frente fluvial, onde se localiza um conjunto de Silos e Armazéns utilizados como depósito industrial. O presente programa está a mudar lentamente em face da gradual deslocalização do Porto de Lisboa. Esta evolução, segundo a visão prevista, inclui a cultura, o turismo e o lazer numa frente ribeirinha degradada, mas que deve ser aproveitada para potenciar esta zona da cidade. Do complexo dedicado às Artes, formam parte: um Museu/Centro de Exposições e um espaço criativo de co-working com residências temporárias, ateliês para artistas e um auditório. Este programa fará parte da reabilitação desenvolvida no interior dos Silos Portuários sendo suportado pela sua própria estrutura. Da requalificação do espaço exterior, fará parte um estacionamento e uma paragem de elétrico adjacentes à Avenida Infante Dom Henrique, sendo, a cobertura desta última, o prolongamento de um novo anfiteatro situado num espelho de água que permitirá ao rio “dialogar” com o terreno. Pretende-se, sobretudo, um projeto que ultrapasse uma dimensão pessoal e abarque, de modo transversal, uma dimensão coletiva. Essa dimensão coletiva expressava-se na dinâmica de processos artísticos, onde se instiga uma lógica de colaboração, aprendizagem e experimentação, que abarca várias disciplinas e intervenientes, mas que se expressa, também, na repercussão que as obras geram, questionando a lógica social e a ideia de espaço público.
An Arts Center, which arises from the reuse of port silos and a degraded riverfront that is enhanced by gentrification, seems to be conceivable ideas. However, what type of sequels will it have on a post-industrial urban tissue, in a social and public space logic?These questions came up during the design process in the class of Atelier de Projeto II. Firstly, an analysis of the territory was made in order to understand not only the urban tissue, but also who, walks through it, and what movements are made daily. We conclude that the land is divided into several urban areas, these can be separated into the following: the first one, in the highest part of the parish, composed mostly of social neighborhoods, an area marginalized by society; the second, the old Marvila, located on the middle slopes of the hillside, which arises from the old Caminho do Oriente and is limited between two railway lines; the third one, the riverside area, characterized by the presence of port equipment and industrial warehouses, which currently suffers a gentrification process. However, we can see that these three areas are segregated, and residents rarely visit the adjacent areas, wasting the opportunity of the social dimension as well. For this purpose, a key axis is proposed, which aims to unify and interlace all the proposed equipment with the route, capable of generating urban connections between these three zones and promoting cultural development.Thus, the main goal to achieve is to solve the problem of urban segregation through healthy corridors as a method of regenerating transversal and collective connections. Considering that it is an imperative attitude in this process of social and cultural cohesion, this route, which was previously composed of empty and deteriorated spaces, now incorporates new urban spaces and new programmatic content that meet the idea of the contemporary city.The second goal is the rehabilitation of several pre-existing pieces of equipment at the last part of that axis, on the riverfront, where is located, a set of Silos and Warehouses used as an industrial deposit. The present program is slowly changing due to the gradual relocation of the Port of Lisbon, this evolution, according to the expected vision, includes culture, tourism, and leisure in a degraded riverfront, but that should be exploited to enhance this area of the city.The complex dedicated to the Arts is composed of: A Museum / Exhibition Center and a creative co-working space with temporary residences, studios for artists, and an auditorium. This program will be part of the rehabilitation developed inside the Port Silos and supported by its own structure. About the requalification of the exterior space, it will have a parking lot and a tram stop adjacent to Avenida Infante Dom Henrique, this tram stop roof, being the extension of a new amphitheater located in a water mirror that will allow the river to appropriate the territory. Above all, it is intended a project that goes beyond a personal dimension and encompasses, in a transversal way, a collective dimension. This collective dimension was expressed in the dynamics of artistic processes, where the logic of collaboration, learning, and experimentation is instigated, which encompasses various disciplines and actors. But it is also expressed in the repercussions that projects generate, questioning the social logic and the idea of public space.

La réduction des impacts environnementaux par une coopération entre les acteurs d'un système industriel est au cœur de la mise en œuvre de l'écologie industrielle (EI). En comparant les systèmes industriels aux systèmes biologiques, l'EI cherche une circulation en boucle fermée des sous-produits industriels, par une réutilisation en cascade de matières et d'énergie entre diverses entreprises, tout comme il se fait, par exemple, dans le cycle de nutriments des systèmes biologiques. Cette recherche a analysé la coopération des acteurs d'un système régional d'EI à travers le cas du corridor d'échanges de sous-produits de Sorel-Tracy-Contrecœur. La principale contribution de cette étude concerne l'introduction des aspects sociaux dans l'étude des systèmes d'EI. De manière pratique, elle explique les mécanismes de coopération entre les acteurs, autant au niveau des échanges « techniques » de matières et d'énergie, que des échanges « sociaux » d'information, de connaissances et de ressources financières et humaines. Ces mécanismes permettent l'établissement de confiance et l'adoption d'une vision commune entre les acteurs ainsi que de la recherche de moyens efficaces de coordination de ces échanges. Les données pour cette recherche ont été recueillies à la fois par de l'observation participante, des entretiens semi-directifs et de l'analyse documentaire pour ensuite être analysées selon la démarche inductive. Accompagnée d'une description des événements ayant menés au développement de l'EI à Sorel-Tracy-Contrecœur, l'analyse des données a permis de répondre à la question suivante. Comment le technique et le social en EI se rejoignent-ils? Ainsi, une attention particulière a été apportée autant au point de vue des échanges de matières et d'énergie que des échanges d'informations, de connaissances et de ressources financières et humaines, etc., ce qui contribue à distinguer cette recherche. Cette recherche a permis non seulement de démontrer que les aspects techniques de l'EI étaient aussi importants que les aspects sociaux lors de l'analyse d'écosystèmes industriels, mais aussi, que la diversité des acteurs permet l'application de la vision systémique et multidisciplinaire de l'EI en plus de contribuer à la longévité et l'évolution du système industriel. Cette diversité, autant dans les acteurs « sociaux » que dans les acteurs « techniques », permet aussi de relever plusieurs défis associés à la mise en œuvre de l'EI, malgré le fait qu'elle peut avoir tendance à compliquer les efforts de coopération entre les acteurs. Cependant, avec de bons mécanismes de coopération, les difficultés associées à une plus grande diversité sont surmontables. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : écologie industrielle, systèmes sociaux, systèmes techniques, ecosystems industriels, symbiose industrielle, confiance, vision, diversité, coopération inter-organisationnelle, éco-parcs industriels.

Defence date: 9 January 2009
Examining Board: Prof. Donatella della Porta (EUI/External Supervisor); Prof. Laszlo Bruszt, EUI; Prof. Sidney Tarrow, Cornell University; Prof. Carlo Ruzza, University of Leicester
First available online on 12 March 2019
This doctoral thesis aims to trace the impacts of campaigns carried out by coalitions of social movement organisations in the transnational arena of the EU. In order to accomplish this task, an original approach to process tracing is adopted using methods used in social movement studies. The internal aspects of campaigns are investigated using a dynamic, cross-time and multi-level, frame analysis, while the contexts of the campaigns are analysed through political and discursive opportunity approaches adapted to the peculiarities of the EU arena. Four case studies, including two campaigns concerned with environmental / public health policy (GMOs and coexistence, and the REACH legislation) and two concerned with broadly defined social policy (the mid-term review of the Lisbon agenda and the Services directive), make up the empirical part of the study. Drawing on documentary evidence as well as semi-structured interviews with staff members from the core SMOs involved in each campaign at the Brussels level, the processes leading to access, agenda, or policy outcomes (or indeed non-outcomes) are traced using the analytical methods mentioned above. These processes provide the basis for preliminary conclusions on the nature of campaigning in the EU. Elite allies are found to be important in securing desired outcomes in campaigns, as are solid, previously agreed shared frames between coalition organisations. The cases also show that the EU is not an arena where conventional tactics (i.e. lobbying) are always enough – indeed the ability to campaign effectively at multiple levels using appropriate tactics is identified as a major factor in campaigns that saw positive outcomes. This finding challenges the idea that the EU arena is unsuitable to protest actions (e.g. Marks and McAdam 1996). Finally, the study uncovers the beginnings of a divide between ‘technical’ and ‘political’ campaigns in the EU. Stemming from the finding that national contexts still provided the opportunities or threats that appeared most important in campaign outcomes, the cases showed that where campaigns were more ‘political’ - in that they were more ideologically charged - groups were more likely to be able to mobilise grassroots members and secure their desired outcomes. In more ‘technical’ cases, where the European Commission played a greater role, mobilisation efforts were subdued as groups sunk their resources in long cycles of consultation and knowledge production geared to the needs of the Commission.