Rozprawy doktorskie: „Industria e del commercio”

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Cremon, Martina <1991&gt. "LE CAMERE ITALIANE DI COMMERCIO, INDUSTRIA, ARTIGIANATO ED AGRICOLTURA NELLE RELAZIONI INTERNAZIONALI. Il caso: La Camara de Industria y Comercio Italo-Costarricense". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9571.

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Il mio elaborato analizza il ruolo delle camere di commercio, industria, artigianato ed agricoltura italiane nelle relazioni internazionali siano esse di tipo economico, sociale o politico. Per meglio analizzarle, nel mio documento le dividerò in Camere operanti in Italia e all’estero in quanto sebbene abbiano molto in comune, sul campo affrontano sfide differenti. Nel caso specifico, analizzerò la Camera Italo-costaricana per la quale ho svolto un tirocinio tramite il progetto Desk in the World dell’Università Cà Foscari. Questo è un periodo interessante perché si sta rivalutando il ruolo delle Camere all’interno dell’economia italiana, ma contemporaneamente difficile, causa i tagli annunciati dalla nuova Riforma della Pubblica Amministrazione (legge Madia 2016). Credo nel ruolo indispensabile di questi enti pubblici, perché essi sono la vetrina del MADE IN ITALY all’estero e la loro buona attività influisce in modo molto positivo sull’economia italiana.

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Santarossa, Federica <1987&gt. "L'economia del territorio veneziano: il ruolo della Camera di Commercio, Industria, Artigianato e Agricoltura di Venezia. (1920-1960)". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1794.

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L'elaborato andrà ad analizzare la situazione dell'economia veneziana tra il 1920 ed il 1960, per quanto attiene agli interventi svolti dalla Camera di Commercio, Industria, Artigianato e Agricoltura di Venezia, ed il ruolo svolto dalla stessa.Nel dettaglio, si esaminerà la situazione dei vari settori dell'economia della Provincia: agricoltura e foreste, industria, commercio estero ed interno, artigianato, turismo, pesca. Questa analisi verrà svolta mediante lo studio dei verbali delle riunioni delle Sezioni della Camera di Commercio.

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Quispe, Melgar Mario Angel David. "La gestión del cluster de productos agrícolas orgánicos y su desarrollo mediante el e-commerce : caso camu camu orgánico de la Región Loreto". Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2010. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/1130.

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El presente trabajo de investigación trata de la aplicación del cluster como modelo organizativo-productivo de la producción de camu camu orgánico en la Región Loreto y de utilizar al e-commerce como el soporte tecnológico para acceder al mercado internacional. Analizando en primer lugar al cluster como modelo organizativo-productivo, que permita la asociatividad de diferentes agentes económicos dedicados a una específica actividad económica y focalizada en una determinada área geográfica. En segundo lugar se evaluara al camu camu orgánico como potencial oferta exportable de la región Loreto. En tercer lugar, se tratará el e-commerce y de su relevancia actual en los negocios internacionales, así como un medio para ofertar productos orgánicos. En la segunda sección, utilizaremos a la asociación público-privada como la figura técnico-jurídica que será el ente rector del cluster y que permitirá la alineación de los diferentes participantes de la organización. Además, de evaluar la cadena de valor del cluster y de las tareas que desempeñaran cada uno de los integrantes del cluster. En la tercera sección, presentaremos, en primer lugar la distribución geopolítica de la Región Loreto, el índice poblacional y el producto bruto interno de la región; así como, la red logística de la región. En el segundo punto de la tercera sección, centraremos nuestro estudio en el desarrollo del diamante de la competitividad de Porter, que determinará la viabilidad de implementar un cluster de camu camu orgánico en la Región Loreto A partir de estos datos, se realizará un análisis de fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas (FODA), que nos permita encontrar las estrategias para el desarrollo del cluster de camu camu en la Región Loreto. Definidas las estrategias elaboraremos el cuadro de mando integral como la herramienta actual y moderna que sirva para dirigir el cluster de camu camu orgánico en la Región Loreto, de forma estratégica y con un alto grado de control administrativo. Finalmente, presentaremos la estrategia que deberá aplicar el cluster de camu camu orgánico en la Región Loreto en la utilización del e-commerce, como soporte tecnológico de acceso al mercado internacional. Estableciendo dos etapas en la estrategia comercial en el mercado virtual, la primera usando el soporte que brinda PROMPERU a través del marketplace, que es el portal virtual de la oferta exportadora nacional y posteriormente implementando su propio sitio en la red, constituyendo su consolidación dentro del e-commerce.
Tesis

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Cárdenas, Pérez Jonnathan, Andia Miguel Ángel Collantes, Quinto Daniel Galarreta i Cueva Vanessa Ruiz. "Proyecto e-commerce de ropa artesanal Style Perú". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624451.

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Realizar una evaluación y análisis de viabilidad del negocio de venta de ropa y accesorio artesanal personalizado por Internet, debido a que la revolución digital ha transformado la economía y el Perú no ha sido ajeno a ese cambio. Es por ello, que se considera esta una oportunidad para satisfacer la necesidad de las personas extranjeras al momento de adquirir una prenda o accesorio artesanal, brindándoles un ahorro en tiempo y exclusividad en la personalización para la compra de sus productos.
Evaluating and analyzing the viability of the project about selling personalized clothes and accessories by internet, because the digital age have transformed our economy and Peru is part of it. Moreover, it’s a great opportunity to satisfy the necessity of the foreign people when they want to buy handcraft clothes or accessories, we offer them to saving time and exclusivity in the personalized products.
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Capaccioli, Martina. "La multiculturalizzazione del commercio. Il commercio come arena trasformativa". Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/11365/1224303.

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Il contributo si inserisce all'interno di quell'ampia famiglia di studi che vuole analizzare e tematizzare la crescente presenza di differenze etniche e culturali all'interno delle società contemporanee a partire dai processi, dalle dinamiche e dai significati di chi è chiamato a produrle e riprodurle quotidianamente. È infatti un dato consolidato che, sotto la spinta dei flussi migratori, la multietnicità sia diventata un fattore strutturalmente incorporato nella vita culturale, sociale ed economica delle comunità (Fabbri, Melacarne, 2020). A livello locale, gli studi empirici che affrontano le trasformazioni in atto negli spazi urbani ad alto tasso di multietnicità restituiscono scenari complessi e spesso contraddittori. Si fa riferimento a quei contributi che descrivono forme di vita dense in cui prospettive, rappresentazioni, norme, routine e pratiche diverse si incontrano e si scontrano. In questo scenario, alcuni luoghi in particolare sono caratterizzati da proprietà specifiche in termini di potenziale relazionale e di apprendimento. Così, gli esercizi commerciali si caratterizzano come spazi in cui l'esperienza dell'incontro diretto con le differenze può essere rilevata generando opportunità di condivisione tra modi diversi, a volte inediti, di strutturare le pratiche di vita e di lavoro. Il contatto all'interno delle pratiche commerciali quotidiane può essere strutturato come fonte di apprendimento informale significativo o meno che, chiamando in causa la prospettiva trasformativa, può generare sia apertura e dialogo sia chiusura e distanziamento. La chiave interpretativa offerta dalla teoria trasformativa ci permette di leggere il pluralismo commerciale, inteso come l'insieme delle diverse pratiche, routine, regole, rappresentazioni commerciali che accomunano un territorio ad alto tasso multietnico, come un dispositivo capace di stimolare l'apprendimento attraverso il contatto. Attraverso le pratiche commerciali, quindi, si possono creare occasioni di conoscenza di nuovi e diversi punti di vista attraverso i quali gli individui possono dare un senso alla loro esperienza, riflettere sui modi in cui interpretano le differenze culturali e di conseguenza orientare le azioni. Quali tipi di apprendimento si verificano nelle città che stanno transitando verso esperienze di pluralismo culturale? Quali sono i significati attribuiti alle differenze dagli individui che condividono spazi e attività? Che ruolo giocano le pratiche commerciali? Come si configurano le relazioni tra commercianti con background etnici e culturali diversi? Queste sono le domande che hanno fatto da sfondo a una ricerca qualitativa in corso che mira a riunire le riflessioni sul fenomeno della multiculturalizzazione nel settore commerciale, sui nuovi scenari urbani che ne derivano e sulle diverse traiettorie di apprendimento legate a queste dinamiche. Oggetto dello studio sono le forme di apprendimento incoraggiate dalle pratiche di contatto che modellano le relazioni, i comportamenti e le interazioni tra i commercianti con background etnico e culturale diversificato, i loro clienti e gli attori organizzativi delle associazioni di categoria. Partendo dal presupposto che favorire le opportunità di contatto tra individui con background etnici e culturali diversi facilita lo sviluppo di un clima positivo di pluralismo e l'acquisizione di nuove prospettive di significato, abbiamo condotto osservazioni etnografiche in un quartiere altamente multietnico di una città dell'Italia centrale e interviste cliniche con commercianti con background etnico-culturali diversificati e con gli attori organizzativi delle associazioni di rappresentanza. Le aggregazioni informali di commercianti, in questo caso, possono essere interpretate come sistemi di esperti portatori di conoscenze esplicite e implicite, rappresentando così un campo privilegiato di rilevazione della conoscenza prodotta.
The contribution is inserted within that broad family of studies that wants to analyze and thematize the increasingly presence of ethnic and cultural differences within contemporary societies starting from the processes, the dynamics, and the meanings of those who are called to produce and reproduce them on a daily basis. In fact, it is a consolidated data that, under the pressure of migratory flows, multiethnicity has become a structurally incorporated factor in the cultural, social, and economic life of communities. At the local level, the empirical studies that deal with the transformations taking place in urban spaces with a high multiethnic rate return complex and often contradictory scenarios. Reference is made to those contributions that describe dense forms of life in which different perspectives, representations, norms, routines, and practices meet and collide. In this scenario, some places in particular are characterized by specific properties in terms of relational and learning potential. Thus, commercial establishments, are characterized as spaces in which the experience of direct encounter with differences can be detected generating sharing opportunities between different, sometimes unprecedented, ways of structuring life and work practices. Contact within daily trade practices can be structured as a source of informal learning significant or not that by calling into question the transformative perspective can generate both openness and dialogue as well as closure and distancing. The interpretative key offered by the transformative theory allows us to read commercial pluralism, understood as the set of different practices, routines, rules, commercial representations that unite a territory with a high multiethnic rate, as a device capable of stimulating learning through contact. Therefore, through commercial practice it may be possible to shape opportunities for the knowledge of new and different points of view through which individuals can give meaning to their experience, reflect on the ways in which they interpret cultural differences and consequently direct actions. What kinds of learning occur in cities that are transitioning towards experiences of cultural pluralism? What are the meanings attributed to differences by individuals who share spaces and activities? What role do commercial practices play? How do the relationships between traders with different ethnic and cultural backgrounds take shape? These are the questions that have formed the background of an in progress qualitative research that aims to bring together the reflections on the phenomenon of multiculturalization in the commercial sector, on the new urban scenarios that derive from it and on the different learning trajectories linked to these dynamics. The study’s object are the forms of learning encouraged by contact practices that shape relationships, behaviors, and interactions between traders with diversified ethnic and cultural backgrounds, their customers and the organizational actors of the trade associations. Starting from the assumption that fostering opportunities for contact between individuals with different ethnic and cultural backgrounds facilitates the development of a positive climate of pluralism and the acquisition of new meaning perspectives, we conducted ethnographic observations in a highly multiethnic neighborhood of a town in Central Italy and clinical interviews with traders with diversified ethnocultural backgrounds and with organizational actors of representative associations. The informal aggregations of traders, in this case, can be interpreted as systems of experts carrying explicit and implicit knowledge, thus representing a privileged field of detection of the knowledge produced.

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Dueñas, Flores Richard Enrique, i Rojas Lucy Del Rosario Pajuelo. "Análisis de la estrategia multi-channel y omni- channel en la industria retail". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653210.

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En la actualidad, los avances en la tecnología hacen que los consumidores exijan información en tiempo real, es decir, en el momento y lugar que ellos lo requieran. Por este motivo, el comercio minorista se ve en la necesidad de adaptarse a estas exigencias y con este objetivo se ha venido desarrollando la estrategia omnicanal. Sin embargo, esta estrategia es reciente, por lo cual los pasos para su implementación, así como los efectos y beneficios que tiene para el minorista y consumidor aún son poco claros. De este contexto surge el enfoque del presente trabajo para el cual se realizó la revisión de 30 estudios aplicados a minoristas de distintas industrias, como la moda, la editorial y los alimentos, en los últimos seis años. El propósito de este proyecto es describir el significado de la estrategia omnicanal, los beneficios, riesgos y desafíos que presenta para el minorista y su efecto en el consumidor, y se busca responder a la pregunta ¿Es la estrategia omnicanal el camino por seguir para lograr el éxito minorista? Como resultado de la revisión bibliográfica se pudo evidenciar que los beneficios y riesgos de la estrategia omnicanal que muestran los autores deben ser evaluados según la realidad y capacidad financiera de cada minorista para así tomar la decisión de transitar o no hacia la omnicanalidad.
Nowadays, technological advances are making demanding customers of real time information, that is, when and where they require it. Because of this, retail commerce is seen in the need to consider these requirements, and with this objective, the omnichannel strategy has been introduced. However, this strategy is recent, so, the steps for the implementation, its effects and benefits on the retailer and the consumer are still unclear. For this reason, a revision of thirty studies applied to retailers from different industries, such as fashion, publishing, and food, corresponding to the last six years, was carried out. The purpose of this study is to describe the meaning of the omnichannel strategy, its benefits, risks and challenges in the retailer and its effect on the consumer. This research seeks to answer the question, is Omnichannel strategy the way forward for retail success? As a result of this bibliographic review, it can be concluded that the authors show the benefits and risks of the omnichannel strategy, which must be evaluated according to the reality and financial capacity of each retailer and thus make the decision to move or not to omnichannel.
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Pasut, Maria <1988&gt. "Sviluppo industriale di Venezia, dall'annessione al Regno d'Italia al Secondo Dopo Guerra, attraverso i documenti conservati all'Archivio di Stato di Venezia, Fondo della Camera di commercio". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6588.

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Questo lavoro vuole analizzare lo sviluppo storico, sociale e sopratutto economico industriale del territorio di Venezia dall’unificazione al Regno d’Italia fino al secondo dopo guerra per meglio comprendere quale sia stato l’evolversi della struttura economica della città lagunare, le sue implicazione e i motivi che hanno portato a questo specifico sviluppo. Nello svolgimento del lavoro ci si è resi conto di quanto sia stato inscindibile lo sviluppo industriale e le variazioni che questo ha avuto sul territorio, dalle vicende storiche che lo hanno caratterizzato. Per poter spiegare la situazione economica della fine dell’800, bisogna analizzare il periodo storico dell’annessione al Regno d’Italia che trova le sue radici ben prima ovvero nel periodo delle rivolte di liberazione. Quest'ampio periodo attraversa varie fasi della nostra storia che hanno segnato lo sviluppo industriale ed economico di Venezia, del Nord Est e del nostro Paese. La cultura economica e industriale, che si è radicata nella cittadinanza, dipende in larga parte da quanto accaduto durante il periodo analizzato. Il lavoro si conclude con la disamina della ricostruzione e del secondo dopoguerra poiché in quegli anni termina l’analisi storica dello sviluppo industriale e della cultura di impresa e inizia quella contemporanea che non si considera rilevante per il motivo dello scritto.

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Castañeda, Roggerone Estefanía. "E-Commerce en el rubro vitivinícola". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 2017. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/10936.

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El presente trabajo analiza el comercio electrónico y los cambios generados en el proceso de compra, la influencia de las redes sociales y cómo afecta al rubro vitivinícola. Se introduce el concepto de ZMOT y se explica su origen, funcionamiento e importancia, realizando finalmente una aplicación a una bodega de la zona de Luján de Cuyo en donde se proponen una serie de estrategias para mejorar su posición actual.
Fil: Castañeda Roggerone, Estefanía. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.

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Figuerola-Tarma, Guillermo-Antonio. "Panificadora de panes nutricionales a base de granos andinos". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2016. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/3170.

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A partir del uso de las herramientas contables así como el análisis económico-financiero se evaluó la viabilidad del proyecto, haciendose estados financieros proyectados por 5 años y obteniendo utilidad a partir del segundo año desde la puesta en funcionamiento, asimismo se evaluó económicamente el proyecto con flujos de efectivo libres proyectados arrojando el valor actual neto de S/. 88,566 y una tasa interna de retorno de 30%. Por todo lo anterior el proyecto es viable y rentable. que dadas las nuevas tendencias en las preferencias de los consumidores representa una buena oportunidad de negocio, asimismo se debe explorar la realización de negocios relacionados, como por ejemplo la venta de tortas y otros bienes complementarios al pan, requiriendo ser continuado el proyecto una vez superado el plazo inicial de 5 años proyectados.
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Santos, Fernando Maria Fonseca Vidal Borja. "O setor do calçado em Portugal e a sua transformação à luz da indústria 4.0 : um estudo de caso múltiplo". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16746.

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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus
A presente dissertação retrata a evolução histórica do setor do calçado, desde finais do século XIX e a sua visão estratégica para o futuro, nomeadamente no que respeita à Indústria 4.0. Serão ainda abordados mais especificamente os conceitos de E-commerce e Vendas Online. Partindo-se das Hipóteses que - o processo de transição para a Indústria 4.0 é uma prioridade para as empresas portuguesas do setor do calçado e que esta evolução trouxe transformações significativas na forma como estas se organizam, em termos produtivos e comerciais, influenciando também as suas estratégias para o futuro - procurar-se-á validar ou refutar estas mesmas hipóteses. Para tal recorrer-se-á a uma metodologia qualitativa, através de Estudo de Caso - Múltiplo, selecionando uma amostra de cinco empresas que já se encontram na lógica do 4.0. O presente trabalho pretende apenas, ser um humilde contributo para a compreensão da evolução de um setor, que tem sido dos mais representativos na economia portuguesa.
The following essay concerns the historic evolution of the footwear industry, since the endings of the XIX century and its strategic vision for the future, incisively on what concerns the 4.0 Industry. The concepts of E-Commerce and online sales will also be addressed. We will be working from the assumption that the process of transitioning to the 4.0 Industry is a priority for the footwear Portuguese Companies and that this evolution has brought significant changes in the way they are organized, influencing their strategy to the future. We shall try to validate or refute this assumption. In order to do so, we selected 5 Companies that have already implemented the 4.0 Industry. This work intends to be a humble contribution to the evolution of the footwear industry, one of the most prominent industries in the Portuguese economy.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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MANQUAT, FREDERIC. "L'organisation mondiale du commerce et le commerce des textiles et des vêtements". Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA131014.

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Le secteur des textiles et des vêtements a échappe au régime de libre-échange du GATT des les années 60 ; il a été régule par différents accords protectionnistes dont l'accord multifibres (AMF) des 1974 jusqu'a la conclusion des accords de Marrakech qui mettent fin a l'exception textile. Pour des raisons d'ordre économique et juridique, le GATT étant menace dans son objet, les parties contractantes ont décide de mettre fin à l'AMF. Les accords de Marrakech issus des négociations d'Uruguay renforçaient alors les règles et les principes du GATT ; il était crée une organisation internationale, l'OMC, qui institutionnalisait enfin le gatt. Etait conclu en outre l'ATV remplaçant l'AMF mais de manière provisoire, jusqu'a la réintégration totale du secteur dans le GATT ; cet accord était partie intégrante du système de l'OMC. Mais cette unité dans la régulation du commerce international reste fragile car subsistent différents moyens pour protéger les marches des membres de l'OMC ; ils ont déjà montre, par leurs agissements, peu d'empressement a libéraliser le secteur des textiles et des vêtements. En fait, au-delà d'un nécessaire perfectionnement des instruments juridiques imposant des règles et des principes de manière rigoureuse et statique, il faut traiter les problèmes de fond du secteur des textiles et des vêtements, les problèmes sociaux et écologiques, l'ajustement industriel et la propriété intellectuelle, de manière dynamique par la coopération entre les membres de l'OMC.

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Frison, Lisa <1986&gt. "FISCALITÁ e COMMERCIO ELETTRONICO". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2626.

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Alzamora, Gutiérrez Andrea Gianella, i Olazo Gianella Andrea Céspedes. "Factores que influyen en la decisión de compra de comida a través de plataformas online de los consumidores limeños entre 18 y 35 años". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626093.

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Mercurio, Vitaliano <1971&gt. "Aspetti fiscali del commercio elettronico". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/66/1/MASTER_TESIDEFINITIVO.pdf.

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Mercurio, Vitaliano <1971&gt. "Aspetti fiscali del commercio elettronico". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/66/.

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Correia, Claudia Cristina <1976&gt. "Imposte indirette sul commercio elettronico". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6146/1/Correia_Claudia_Cristina_tesi.pdf.

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In questo lavoro si analizza l’imposizione indiretta nel commercio elettronico; l’analisi si è basata sullo studio della normativa Comunitaria (Direttive Europee ) e la legislazione e Italiana, esponendo anche le differenze con il profilo legislativo brasiliano (softwares e libri).Esposti i contributi delle istituzione internazionali (conferenze ed/o proposte della Unione Europea) per l’inquadramento tipologico e fiscale del commercio elettronico, sono stati analizzati i profili generali dell’istituto della stabile organizzazione ai fini dell’imposizione dell’IVA e al commercio elettronico, distinguendo anche tra le transazioni elettroniche considerabili come cessione di beni e quelle considerabili prestazioni di servizi, in base alla materialità o alla dematerializzazione del bene scambiato. Anche il principio di territorialità nelle prestazioni di servizi è stato analizzato tramite analisi dei regimi ordinario e speciale riguardanti gli operatori extracomunitari.
In this work we analyze the indirect taxation in e-commerce, the analysis was based on the study of EC regulations (EU Directives) and the Italian legislation and, exposing the differences with the legislative Brazilian (softwares and books). Exposed the contributions of the international institution (conferences and / or proposals by the European Union) for the classification of types of e-commerce and taxation, we have analyzed the general aspects of the institute of the permanent establishment for tax purposes of VAT and e-commerce , distinguishing between electronic transactions also consider them as sale of goods and the considerable services, according to the material or the dematerialization of the exchanged item. The principle of territoriality in the provision of services was analyzed by analysis of ordinary and special regimes relating to non-EU operators

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Correia, Claudia Cristina <1976&gt. "Imposte indirette sul commercio elettronico". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6146/.

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In questo lavoro si analizza l’imposizione indiretta nel commercio elettronico; l’analisi si è basata sullo studio della normativa Comunitaria (Direttive Europee ) e la legislazione e Italiana, esponendo anche le differenze con il profilo legislativo brasiliano (softwares e libri).Esposti i contributi delle istituzione internazionali (conferenze ed/o proposte della Unione Europea) per l’inquadramento tipologico e fiscale del commercio elettronico, sono stati analizzati i profili generali dell’istituto della stabile organizzazione ai fini dell’imposizione dell’IVA e al commercio elettronico, distinguendo anche tra le transazioni elettroniche considerabili come cessione di beni e quelle considerabili prestazioni di servizi, in base alla materialità o alla dematerializzazione del bene scambiato. Anche il principio di territorialità nelle prestazioni di servizi è stato analizzato tramite analisi dei regimi ordinario e speciale riguardanti gli operatori extracomunitari.
In this work we analyze the indirect taxation in e-commerce, the analysis was based on the study of EC regulations (EU Directives) and the Italian legislation and, exposing the differences with the legislative Brazilian (softwares and books). Exposed the contributions of the international institution (conferences and / or proposals by the European Union) for the classification of types of e-commerce and taxation, we have analyzed the general aspects of the institute of the permanent establishment for tax purposes of VAT and e-commerce , distinguishing between electronic transactions also consider them as sale of goods and the considerable services, according to the material or the dematerialization of the exchanged item. The principle of territoriality in the provision of services was analyzed by analysis of ordinary and special regimes relating to non-EU operators

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Cigagna, Erica <1990&gt. "Aspetti fiscali del commercio elettronico". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/7559.

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L'elaborato tratta gli aspetti fiscali del commercio elettronico partendo dall'inquadramento del fenomeno nei contesti normativi nazionali, europei e internazionali, per poi analizzare il sistema della tassazione diretta con l'adattamento del concetto di stabile organizzazione e il sistema di tassazione del regime Iva alla luce delle modifiche introdotte nel 2015. Infine sarà affrontato il tema dell'evasione ed elusione fiscale da parte delle multinazionali nel commercio elettronico e i primi tentativi di contrasto di alcuni stati europei.

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Canneddu, Daniela <1992&gt. "Il commercio elettronico in Cina". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9717.

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L’elaborato mira a fornire un quadro d’insieme circa il commercio elettronico, con particolare riferimento al suo sviluppo in Cina. Dopo aver presentato una panoramica generale sull’infrastruttura internet cinese (con le differenze nella sua fruizione in base all’area geografica e al ceto sociale) e sul suo controllo da parte del governo centrale, si descrive l’importanza del cambiamento del web nei confronti del marketing aziendale: il web 2.0 ed il marketing 2.0 si stanno ulteriormente evolvendo verso una nuova fase 3.0. Successivamente si descrive la situazione del commercio elettronico cinese, le sue diverse forme di mercato e il sempre più diffuso M-commerce con le relative applicazioni; vengono sottolineate le differenze ma soprattutto le nuove opportunità del commercio elettronico rispetto al commercio tradizionale. Viene poi presentata un’analisi sul commercio transfrontaliero, o cross border e-commerce, con le relative politiche economiche varate dal governo cinese per permetterne una buona ed equilibrata crescita, con una prospettiva a lungo termine. Infine viene approfondito il caso del colosso cinese del commercio elettronico: Alibaba, con la sua strategia ed il suo successo, il suo assetto finanziario ed il suo sistema di pagamento. Inoltre, viene dedicata una parentesi ad Ali-Italy che permette l’internalizzazione online delle aziende italiane e l’esportazione dei prodotti Made in Italy in Cina.

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Bertin, Giulia <1992&gt. "Il Commercio Equo e Solidale". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10558.

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la tesi vuole dare un contesto storico al movimento ed alla rete del commercio equo e solidale. la concentrazione però non sarà solo sulle organizzazioni a livello mondiale ma anche sulla rete in Italia, facendo riferimento anche alla questione normativa di tale fenomeno.

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Staltari, Erik <1992&gt. "Tassazione del commercio elettronico internazionale". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12373.

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Viene esaminata la tassazione del commercio elettronico internazionale, con riferimento all'imposizione diretta e indiretta, nonché le problematiche date dall'applicazione dei tradizionali principi di fiscalità internazionale. Viene trattata anche la disciplina di contrasto al BEPS.

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Martínez, Borrás José Gabriel. "Libre comercio bajo asimetrías globales comerciales: Estudio de caso de la industria agropecuaria en la República Dominicana bajo el DR-CAFTA". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667184.

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Esta disertación analiza los efectos de las asimetrías comerciales entre los países en desarrollo y los países en vías de desarrollo. El punto de partida base es el cuestionamiento del estado actual de las estructura de negociaciones multilaterales de comercio basado en el régimen del GATT a la OMC. Desde una mirada estructural, denotamos cómo los países desarrollados se han beneficiado de este régimen y los han construido de una manera que es afín a sus intereses. En la medida que los países en vías de desarrollo se han organizado para defender sus intereses a nivel multilateral (a través de grupos de coaliciones de negociación), los países desarrollados han favorecido las negociaciones a nivel bilateral/regional para establecer acuerdos comerciales que transiten de acuerdos preferenciales, a acuerdos recíprocos y en los cuales puedan imponer las reglas de juego. Como estudio de caso tomamos a la República Dominicana y su proceso de negociación e inserción en el DR-CAFTA, tratado de libre comercio entre esta con los Estados Unidos y los países centroamericanos. A pesar de que la isla era parte de la Iniciativa de la Cuenca del Caribe, tratado preferencial otorgado por los EEUU, una vez este último comienza a negociar un tratado de libre comercio (i.e. recíproco) con los países centroamericanos, sectores domésticos de la República Dominicana comienzan a ejercer presión al Estado dominicano para insertarse en las negociaciones. Demostramos cómo a través de una lucha entre industrias, i.e. la industria de Zonas Francas versus la industria agropecuaria, la primera ejerció presión para la inserción de la República Dominicana en el DR-CAFTA, poniendo a la industria agropecuaria ante una situación de precariedad ante la liberalización comercial. Demostramos que, a pesar de que todavía hay elementos del tratado que están en proceso de liberalización, se marcan unas tendencias claras a favor de un déficit comercial para República Dominicana en términos absolutos y más específicamente en términos de los bienes agropecuarios, lo cual demuestra el impacto de las asimetrías comerciales en los tratados de plena liberalización (i.e. reciprocidad) entre países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo.
This dissertation analyzes trade asymmetries between developed countries and developing countries. As a theoretical basis, we question the current state of the multilateral trade negotiations framework based on the GATT-WTO regime. From a structural perspective, we denote how developed countries have benefited from this regime and have built them in a way that is akin to their interests. To the extent that developing countries have organized to defend their interests at the multilateral level (through negotiating coalition groups), developed countries have favored negotiations at the bilateral/regional level to establish trade agreements that transit from a preferential to a reciprocal agenda, imposing the rules of the game. As a case study, we examine the Dominican Republic and its incorporation into the DR-CAFTA regime, a free trade agreement with the United States and the Central American nations. Despite the fact that the island was part of the Caribbean Basin Initiative, a preferential treaty granted by the United States, once the latter begins to negotiate a free trade agreement (i.e. based on reciprocity) with the Central American countries, domestic industry sectors of the Dominican Republic pushed an agenda for a hard incorporation into the negotiations, putting other domestic industries under pressure to negotiate under asymmetrical conditions. Through a political struggle between domestic industries (i.e. the special economic zones versus the agricultural and livestock industries) we establish that, despite the fact that there are still elements of the treaty that are in the process of liberalization, clear trends are being exhibited in the form of a trade deficit for the Dominican Republic, revealing the impact of trade asymmetries as a result of free trade agreements (i.e. full reciprocity) between developed and developing countries.

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Carpio, Reinoso Bryan, i Zevallos Cynthia Liliana Gutiérrez. "Atributos más valorados por los consumidores de plataformas de E-Commerce en el sector textil de Lima Metropolitana". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/623550.

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En los últimos años, los avances tecnológicos han permitido mejorar la oferta de las empresas mediante canales digitales. La competencia ya no se limita a las tiendas locales durante el horario comercial. Los consumidores pueden comprar fácilmente en los minoristas y fabricantes ubicados en cualquier lugar del mundo, o incluso en aquellos que no tienen ubicaciones de venta físicas. Partiendo de esto, la presente investigación busca determinar y explicar cuáles son aquellos factores y atributos que valoran más los consumidores del mercado textil, en Lima Metropolitana, al realizar compras mediante plataformas de e-commerce. Para efectos de la investigación, se revisó bibliografía bastante actualizada y relacionada a temas de comercio electrónico. Además, se obtuvo información cualitativa mediante entrevistas a profundidad a empresarios expertos en plataformas de e-commerce de la industria textil y otras industrias relacionadas. De igual forma, se entrevistó a algunos compradores frecuentes de ropa en e-commerce con el fin de conocer más a fondo su percepción acerca de este canal de comercialización. Respecto al análisis cuantitativo, se realizaron encuestas a consumidores de toda Lima Metropolitana con el objetivo de conocer los hábitos y factores que consideran más importantes del comercio electrónico y se analizaron estos datos obtenidos mediante procedimientos estadísticos. Finalmente, se concluyó que aquellos atributos que más motivan a los consumidores para acceder y realizar compras en plataformas de e-commerce del sector textil son los bajos precios y ofertas en los productos, la facilidad de compra sin tener que movilizarse y la variedad de opciones para comprar.
In recent years, technological advances have improved the offer of companies through digital channels. Competition is no longer limited to local stores during business hours. Consumers can easily shop at retailers and anywhere else in the world, or even when they do not have physical sales locations. Based on this, the present research seeks to determine and analyze which are the factors most valued by consumers in the textile market, in Metropolitan Lima, when making purchases through e-commerce platforms. For the purposes of the research, specialized and updated literature on electronic commerce issues was reviewed. In addition, qualitative information was obtained through in-depth interviews with experts in e-commerce platforms of the textile industry and other related industries. In the same way, some frequent buyers of clothes through electronic commerce were interviewed in order to learn more about their perception of this marketing channel. Regarding the quantitative analysis, consumer surveys of Metropolitan Lima were conducted with the objective of knowing their shopping habits in electronic commerce. Finally, it was concluded that those attributes that most motivate consumers to access and make purchases in e-commerce platforms of the textile sector are the low prices and offers on products, the ease of purchase without having to move and the variety of options to buy.
Tesis

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Bomsel, Olivier. "Dynamique économique des pays miniers en développement et instabilité des marchés de matières premières minérales". Paris, ENMP, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ENMP0166.

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Cette recherche traite des phénomènes économiques associés à la création et à la circulation des rentes minieres dans les exportateurs de matieres premieres minerales non energetiques du tiers monde les pays miniers. Elle analyse successivement: les flux economiques induits par les entreprises minieres du tiers monde dans la comptabilite nationale des pays miniers; l'evolution economique recente d'une vingtaine de pays miniers; les dynamiques economiques a l'uvre dans deux de ces pays le chili et la guinee depuis la fondation de leur secteur minier; les incidences de ces dynamiques economiques sur la regulation des marches de matieres premieres minerales

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Monetti, Jacopo <1993&gt. "IL TRATTAMENTO IVA DEL COMMERCIO ELETTRONICO". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15419.

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Partendo da una panoramica sulla nascita e sull'evoluzione del e-commerce, nel mondo, in europa ed in italia, verrà poi affrontato il tema della tassazione indiretta IVA per poi passare alla tassazione diretta.

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Martorella, Martina. "Contributo del commercio equo e solidale alla sostenibilità economica sociale ed ambientale del commercio internazionale di cacao". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Si vanno ad analizzare i principi, la struttura e le certificazioni relative al Fair Trade per chiarire l'efficacia del marchio in generale e per evidenziare l'incisività che tale marchio ha sul prodotto cacao. Si esplicherà come le prime strutture organizzative create da Fair Trade, abbiano definito le linee guida all’approccio alle problematiche riscontrate nei sistemi di produzione alimentare. Si analizza come attraverso l’evoluzione delle organizzazioni che lo compongono, e dei canali di controllo e di informazione, ci sia stata la crescita del Fair Trade e del commercio equo negli anni. Inoltre si andrà a considerare la credibilità e l’efficacia nel sistema economico- sociale, garantita dai sistemi di certificazione e dalla riconoscibilità della certificazione fairtrade sui prodotti.Si analizza il sistema di certificazione con relativo impatto sugli agricoltori e sulle cooperative di produttori di cacao anche a livello ambientale. Si considera la crescente domanda del prodotto certificato da parte dei consumatori e la conseguente relazione sviluppata da Fair Trade e larga distribuzione.Si vanno ad analizzare i trend di mercato per considerare nuove realtà createsi in parallelo allo sviluppo sostenibile del cacao da parte di Fair Trade che danno modo di affrontare i punti critici del commercio equo. Si esaminano i limiti riscontrati dello sviluppo di Fair Trade nel mercato del cacao. Vi sono considerazioni sulle future tendenze di mercato e di certificazione della larga distribuzione. Queste analisi servono ad osservare se l’obiettivo di apporto alla sostenibilità, da parte di Fair Trade al commercio di cacao, sia stata effettiva.

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Osorio, Huaman Rifor Yerson. "Implementación de estrategias efectivas para reducir los gastos operacionales en un e-commerce de una empresa cervecera". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/17523.

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El presente trabajo de investigación se enfocó en identificar las estrategias efectivas para ser aplicados en el e-commerce y tuvo como objetivo general reducir los gastos operacionales aplicando estrategias efectivas a un e-commerce. La investigación es del tipo aplicada y de diseño descriptivo -correlacional en la cual se determinó el tamaño de muestra aleatoria conformada por 138 clientes de la empresa cervecera que compraron a través de la página web, cuya información fue analizada y agrupada por categorías de cantidad e importes promedios de ventas. Asimismo, se utilizó como instrumentos de investigación el ERP de la empresa (SAP PR3) y el panel de control de la pasarela de pagos. Llegando a la conclusión de la disminución de los gastos operacionales al aplicarse las estrategias efectivas. Palabras principales: e-commerce, estrategias, gastos operacionales, fraudes.

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Piperno, Chiara <1995&gt. "Il ruolo delle Camere di commercio italiane nell’Internazionalizzazione 4.0: Il caso della Camera di commercio italiana a Sydney". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18263.

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The object of this thesis is to demonstrate how the Italians Chambers of commerce, industry, crafts, and agriculture have an impact on the internationalization process. The focus will be based on my experience as an internee at the Italian Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Australia Inc. (ICCI), established in Sydney in 1922. The Australian continent is one of the most sought-after destinations for Italian migrants, and therefore it made me realize how important the role of ICCI is in helping both Italian and Australian entrepreneurs in building enduring business relationships and establishing trade agreements within “the land Down Under”. The advantage of the ICCI is that they work simultaneously on the market and for the market. They are composed organically of Italian entrepreneurs rooted in the social and cultural fabric abroad and provide support services and entrenchment of Italian business presence abroad. The principle of bilaterality is the cornerstone of each chamber activity; the commercial missions of about 70,000 companies are managed by the ICCI network, the Italian small and medium-sized enterprises are the main subjects to which the Chamber support activities are addressed. The ICCI establish through a business matching path durable and stable commercial or production agreements between Italian companies and third countries; their knowledge of the regulations governing trade and production in third countries (customs barriers, health-related technical regulations); and finally the local language of business combined with the multicultural context in which a company decides to invest, represent the strengths of the Chamber services. In the current global economic context, the osmotic link between the local market and the global market is of vital importance; ICC are identified as effective tools to support internationalized companies, as facilitators of trade relations, highly specialized "glocalmente" (globally and locally) in economic, cultural and regulatory matters. Despite the pandemic emergency, from 79 ICCI in 56 Countries, two new entities have entered the Assocamerestero network. Italian Chambers of Commerce abroad as private associations are simultaneously and intrinsically linked both to the "Country System" Italy and to the local context in which they physically reside; this dual contextualization combined with the wide range of services of chambers with bi-address national/bilateral. The promotional initiatives of the Made in Italy of the ICCI are directed towards promoting awareness, trust, and interaction throughout activities within multicultural social realities and an increased virtual interconnection. The current international epidemic emergency forced ICCI to adapt and modify its working approach to support local businesses in defeating COVID-19 with resilient and innovative initiatives. In Australia, COVID-19 has had a devastating impact on the small company especially those in the hospitality and retail sectors. Public authorities took decisive action to respond to the emerging health threat, leading the business community to reconsider the adequacy of their preparedness measures. The purpose of this thesis is to explain the evolution of the role of the Italian Chambers of Commerce abroad within the internationalization 4.0 and those that may be possible scenarios of an imminent "hyper virtual" future within an economic context in crisis. With the help of reports and surveys conducted by Doxa in collaboration with Assocamerestero 2016-2017, the Italy Report 2019-2020 published by Eurispes, the questionnaire carried out by ICCI in Sydney focusing on the effects of COVID-19 on Italian companies in Australia; together with what has been my personal and working experience at the Italian Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Sydney, the research work carried out aims to depict and analyze the development and mechanism of operation of what represents 1/3 of the Italian GDP: export.

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Papageorgiou, Athanassios. "L'industrie des conserves et jus de fruits en Grèce: son rôle dans l'évolution du monde rural". Montpellier 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON30010.

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L'industrie des conserves et jus de fruits en grece, qui s'est fortement developpee au cours des vingt cinq dernieres annees, rencontre actuellement certains problemes compromettant son avenir. La grece est parmi les principaux pays producteurs de conserves de fruits mais la stagnation du commerce international entrave son expansion et le maintien de sa place sur le marche. Quant a la branche des jus de fruits et surtout des jus d'agrumes, dont le marche national est en train de se developper, le probleme se focalise sur l'insuffisance de matieres premieres appropriees. Cependant, l'avenir de cette industrie importante constitue un point majeur de lavie economique et sociale du monde rural grec et doit etre tres attentivement programme. Cette industrie n'influence pas seulement l'occupation du sol et l'evolution de son secteur d'amont - l'agriculture mais en raison du nombre eleve de personnes ayant des relations avec cette industrie, elle fait evoluer le mode de ses echanges avec les agriculteurs, elle contribue a la creation d'emplois et a la pluriactivite de la population rurale, elle cree des revenus en influencant leurs flux et elle modifie, bien que d'une maniere limitee, le mode de vie des membres de son personnel
The canned deciduous fruit and fruit juice industry in greece, which has developed considerably over the last twenty five years, isundergoing certain difficulties that could jeopardise its future. Greece is one of the chief producing countries of canned deciduous fruit, but the stagnation of international trade is blocking the expansion of its industry and threatening its position in the market. As for the fruit juice branch and especially citrus juices, for which the national market is currently developing, the problem centres on the inadequacy of the appropriate primary materials. However, the future of this important industry constitutes a major element of the social and economic life of the greek countryside and must be very carefully planned. Not only does this industry influence land use and the evolution of its primary sector - agriculture - but oving to the large number of people connected with this industry, it determines its relations with growers, it contributes to the creation of jobs and the interplay of rural activities, it creates revenue and influences its flow and it modifies, albeit in a limited way, the life-styles of its personnel

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SOARES, RENATA DOS SANTOS. "THE JORNAL DO COMMERCIO AND THE EDUCATION". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12437@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O objetivo do presente trabalho é oferecer um panorama dos debates acerca da educação no Rio de Janeiro na década de 1920. Para tanto, recorremos à análise dos artigos publicados no Jornal do Commercio, periódico de grande circulação na então capital federal, Rio de Janeiro - a vitrine da modernidade nacional. O Jornal do Commercio possuía um espaço diário para a publicação dos atos oficiais nas colunas Diretoria geral de instrução pública e Diretoria geral de instrução pública municipal, além de artigos diversos, propagandas de colégios, discursos de paraninfos eventualmente publicados no corpo do jornal. Por meio desta análise foi possível visualizar os temas educacionais mais polêmicos e/ou mais recorrentes do período, ou seja, a construção do espaço escolar, o papel da escola primária, a obrigatoriedade escolar, além da abordagem da Educação como agente de progresso nacional, que banhava e se associava a todas as demais questões.
The aim of this study is to make a view of the debates about instruction in Brazil in the 1920s. In view of that, we resort to the analysis of the news published at Jornal do Commercio, a newspaper which had huge circulation in capital of Brazil at the time, Rio de Janeiro - the shop window of national modernity. The Jornal do Commercio used to publish every day, in a permanent space of the journal, the determinations of the Diretoria Geral de Instrução Pública (General Board of Public Instruction) and of the Diretoria Geral de Instrução Pública Municipal (General Board of Public Municipal Instruction). Furthermore, the newspaper had published too a diversity of texts such as advertisements of schools and speeches of paraninfos.Through this analysis was possible to have a vision about the educational themes which were more polemical, and/or which have given more attention in the mentioned period, for example, the construction of scholar space, the role of primary school, the compulsory of education. Beyond these, it was a question which all others were associated: the role of Education as the responsible agent for the national progress.

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Metulini, Rodolfo <1983&gt. "Modelli Gravitazionali per l'analisi del Commercio Internazionale". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5166/1/metulini_rodolfo_tesi.pdf.

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Il modello gravitazionale e' ormai diventato un "cavallo da battaglia" in economia internazionle ed e' comunemente utilizzato nella determinazione dei flussi commerciali. Recentemente, molti studi hanno mostrato l'importanza della dipendenza spaziale, che va' a considerare quegli effetti dovuti al cosiddetto "third country". Intervengono a questo scopo la modellistica e le tecniche di stima di Econometria Spaziale. Verra' fatto uso di tali tecniche allo scopo di stimare con un modello gravitazionale spaziale il commercio internazionale tra paesi dell'OCSE per un panel di 22 anni. L'obiettivo e' quindi duplice: da un lato, si andra' ad applicare le piu' moderne tecniche di Econometria Spaziale, in un campo in cui tali contributi scarseggiano. Dall'altro lato,verra' fornita una interpretazione del comportamento del commercio internazionale tra paesi dell'OCSE, approfondendo gli aspetti relativi all'effetto del"third country" e del fenomeno migratorio. Inoltre , viene proposta un'analisi che ha lo scopo di validare l'ipotesi di omissione della distanza dal modello gravitazione strutturale.
The Gravity Model is the "workhorse for empirical studies" in International Economies and it is commonly used in explaining the trade flow between countries. Recently, several studies have showed the importance of taking into account the spatial effect. Spatial Econometric techniques meet this matter, proposing the specification of a set of models and estimators. We will make use of these Spatial Econometric techniques in order to estimate a Spatial Gravity of Trade for a 22-year-long panel of the OECD countries. The aim, therefore, is twofold: on one hand, we are going to use the newest Spatial Econometric techniques in a field where they aren't widely applicated. On the other hand, we provide an updated interpretation of the behaviour of the International Trade in an OECD context, going deeply on the explanation of the spatial spillover effect due to the third country dependence, and of the migratory phenomenon. Moreover, we propose an economically-based analysis whose aim is to avoid the use of the "distance" variable in the Gravity Model. The empirical results confirm the importance of taking into account the spatial dependence and they allow us to estimate the model wirhout the "distance", if properly replaced by a set of fixed effects.

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Metulini, Rodolfo <1983&gt. "Modelli Gravitazionali per l'analisi del Commercio Internazionale". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5166/.

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Il modello gravitazionale e' ormai diventato un "cavallo da battaglia" in economia internazionle ed e' comunemente utilizzato nella determinazione dei flussi commerciali. Recentemente, molti studi hanno mostrato l'importanza della dipendenza spaziale, che va' a considerare quegli effetti dovuti al cosiddetto "third country". Intervengono a questo scopo la modellistica e le tecniche di stima di Econometria Spaziale. Verra' fatto uso di tali tecniche allo scopo di stimare con un modello gravitazionale spaziale il commercio internazionale tra paesi dell'OCSE per un panel di 22 anni. L'obiettivo e' quindi duplice: da un lato, si andra' ad applicare le piu' moderne tecniche di Econometria Spaziale, in un campo in cui tali contributi scarseggiano. Dall'altro lato,verra' fornita una interpretazione del comportamento del commercio internazionale tra paesi dell'OCSE, approfondendo gli aspetti relativi all'effetto del"third country" e del fenomeno migratorio. Inoltre , viene proposta un'analisi che ha lo scopo di validare l'ipotesi di omissione della distanza dal modello gravitazione strutturale.
The Gravity Model is the "workhorse for empirical studies" in International Economies and it is commonly used in explaining the trade flow between countries. Recently, several studies have showed the importance of taking into account the spatial effect. Spatial Econometric techniques meet this matter, proposing the specification of a set of models and estimators. We will make use of these Spatial Econometric techniques in order to estimate a Spatial Gravity of Trade for a 22-year-long panel of the OECD countries. The aim, therefore, is twofold: on one hand, we are going to use the newest Spatial Econometric techniques in a field where they aren't widely applicated. On the other hand, we provide an updated interpretation of the behaviour of the International Trade in an OECD context, going deeply on the explanation of the spatial spillover effect due to the third country dependence, and of the migratory phenomenon. Moreover, we propose an economically-based analysis whose aim is to avoid the use of the "distance" variable in the Gravity Model. The empirical results confirm the importance of taking into account the spatial dependence and they allow us to estimate the model wirhout the "distance", if properly replaced by a set of fixed effects.

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GHODSI, MOHAMMAD MAHDI. "Barriere Tecniche al Commercio: Determinanti ed Implicazioni". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6331.

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Quasi tutte le tariffe applicate al commercio internazionale sono vincolate dagli impegni sottoscritti dalle economie più avanzate ed ulteriori misure, volte ad aumentare il livello di protezione, non dovrebbero poter essere, di norma, utilizzate. Tuttavia, l’introduzione di un crescente numero di barriere non tariffarie (BNT) ha recentemente favorito il proliferare di dispute e conflitti commerciali fra gli Stati. Il regolamento dell’Organizzazione Mondiale del Commercio (OMC) considera legittime le motivazioni che sono alla base di alcune di queste misure non tariffarie quali quelle a tutela dell’ambiente, della salute o della sicurezza delle persone. Sebbene gli stessi regolamenti dell’OMC impongano agli Stati di addurre giustificazioni credibili per le loro misure in materia di politica commerciale, gli stessi regolamenti dovrebbero, al contempo, essere anche in grado di identificare eventuali finalità protezionistiche promosse da specifici gruppi di interesse. Barriere Tecniche al Commercio (TBT) sono uno specifico sottogruppo delle BNT il cui grado di complessità le rende spesso poco chiare sia sul piano delle ragioni che le giustificano che delle implicazioni che possono conseguire dalla loro applicazione. In questa tesi, vengono messi in luce alcuni particolari aspetti relativi alle BNT ed agli Specific Trade Concerns (STC). Nel primo capitolo, vengono analizzate le determinanti delle BNT e degli STC nel periodo 1995-2011. Nel secondo capitolo, gli effetti delle BNT e degli STC adottate dall’Europa, dagli Stati Uniti e dalla Cina sono analizzati considerando settori a 4-digit derivanti dall’Harmonized System. Nel terzo capitolo, viene proposta un analisi costi-benefici di equilibrio parziale riguardante l’impatto, in termini di benessere, dell’adozione una BNT restrittiva tesa a impedire l’afflusso di uno specifico prodotto dalle caratteristiche sgradite. Nel complesso, questa tesi pone un enfasi maggiore sulla complessità delle suddette BNT fornendo migliori intuizioni sulle loro determinanti e le loro implicazioni.
Almost all tariff lines are bound within the schedules of concessions of developed countries, and duties cannot be used to increase the level of protection. Instead, increasing number of non-tariff measures (NTMs) have given rise to disputes and trade conflicts. World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations consider certain motivations behind imposition of these instruments to be legitimate such as those related to human, environment, health, and safety issues. While regulations of the WTO oblige governments to provide justifiable reason behind their trade policy instruments, they might as well seek for the sale of their industrial protection to some special interest groups supporting them. Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTs) are a sub-category of NTMs with complex nature whose either motivations or implications are not very clear. In this dissertation, I shed light on some aspects of NTMs with specific focus on TBT and Specific Trade Concerns (STCs). In the first chapter, I study the determining factors of TBT STCs over the period 1995-2011. In the second chapter, the trade effects of these TBT STCs maintained by the European Union, China, and the United States at 4-digit level of Harmonized System will be analysed. In the third chapter, I provide a cost-benefit analysis in a partial equilibrium framework to quantify the welfare consequences of a prohibitive NTM which is aimed at a foreign product with negative characteristics. Overall, this dissertation emphasizes more on the complexity of NTMs and it provides us with better insights on the determinants and implications of these trade policy measures.

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34

GHODSI, MOHAMMAD MAHDI. "Barriere Tecniche al Commercio: Determinanti ed Implicazioni". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6331.

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Quasi tutte le tariffe applicate al commercio internazionale sono vincolate dagli impegni sottoscritti dalle economie più avanzate ed ulteriori misure, volte ad aumentare il livello di protezione, non dovrebbero poter essere, di norma, utilizzate. Tuttavia, l’introduzione di un crescente numero di barriere non tariffarie (BNT) ha recentemente favorito il proliferare di dispute e conflitti commerciali fra gli Stati. Il regolamento dell’Organizzazione Mondiale del Commercio (OMC) considera legittime le motivazioni che sono alla base di alcune di queste misure non tariffarie quali quelle a tutela dell’ambiente, della salute o della sicurezza delle persone. Sebbene gli stessi regolamenti dell’OMC impongano agli Stati di addurre giustificazioni credibili per le loro misure in materia di politica commerciale, gli stessi regolamenti dovrebbero, al contempo, essere anche in grado di identificare eventuali finalità protezionistiche promosse da specifici gruppi di interesse. Barriere Tecniche al Commercio (TBT) sono uno specifico sottogruppo delle BNT il cui grado di complessità le rende spesso poco chiare sia sul piano delle ragioni che le giustificano che delle implicazioni che possono conseguire dalla loro applicazione. In questa tesi, vengono messi in luce alcuni particolari aspetti relativi alle BNT ed agli Specific Trade Concerns (STC). Nel primo capitolo, vengono analizzate le determinanti delle BNT e degli STC nel periodo 1995-2011. Nel secondo capitolo, gli effetti delle BNT e degli STC adottate dall’Europa, dagli Stati Uniti e dalla Cina sono analizzati considerando settori a 4-digit derivanti dall’Harmonized System. Nel terzo capitolo, viene proposta un analisi costi-benefici di equilibrio parziale riguardante l’impatto, in termini di benessere, dell’adozione una BNT restrittiva tesa a impedire l’afflusso di uno specifico prodotto dalle caratteristiche sgradite. Nel complesso, questa tesi pone un enfasi maggiore sulla complessità delle suddette BNT fornendo migliori intuizioni sulle loro determinanti e le loro implicazioni.
Almost all tariff lines are bound within the schedules of concessions of developed countries, and duties cannot be used to increase the level of protection. Instead, increasing number of non-tariff measures (NTMs) have given rise to disputes and trade conflicts. World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations consider certain motivations behind imposition of these instruments to be legitimate such as those related to human, environment, health, and safety issues. While regulations of the WTO oblige governments to provide justifiable reason behind their trade policy instruments, they might as well seek for the sale of their industrial protection to some special interest groups supporting them. Technical Barriers to Trade (TBTs) are a sub-category of NTMs with complex nature whose either motivations or implications are not very clear. In this dissertation, I shed light on some aspects of NTMs with specific focus on TBT and Specific Trade Concerns (STCs). In the first chapter, I study the determining factors of TBT STCs over the period 1995-2011. In the second chapter, the trade effects of these TBT STCs maintained by the European Union, China, and the United States at 4-digit level of Harmonized System will be analysed. In the third chapter, I provide a cost-benefit analysis in a partial equilibrium framework to quantify the welfare consequences of a prohibitive NTM which is aimed at a foreign product with negative characteristics. Overall, this dissertation emphasizes more on the complexity of NTMs and it provides us with better insights on the determinants and implications of these trade policy measures.

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35

POZZER, GIANFRANCO. "Nuove geografie del commercio ed inerzie urbane". Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/282324.

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IORIO, FIORELLI GAETANO. "Commercio elettronico e contratti telematici: profili internazionali". Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11565/4050825.

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37

Michel, Laura. "Les industriels, l'environnement et la négociation de l'action publique : Le cas de l'activité cimentière". Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10041.

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Longtemps réticents à se préoccuper de leur environnement local, les industriels du ciment sont aujourd'hui impliqués dans une grande variété de dispositifs favorisant la " participation " autour des enjeux environnementaux. Quelle est la réelle nouveauté de la négociation des normes dans le domaine de l'environnement industriel ? N'est-ce qu'un simple effet d'affichage en réponse aux conflits locaux qui se développent autour des installations industrielles ? Dans quelle mesure ces négociations affectent-elles l'action publique, et en retour, comment les configurations institutionnelles les façonnent-elles ? L'analyse des controverses et coopérations qui se développent dans les années quatre-vingt-dix autour de l'activité cimentière nous permet de mettre en lumière les effets d'apprentissage qu'elles provoquent : malgré de nombreux effets de filtrage, de nouveaux groupes, de nouvelles représentations et normes d'action publique se trouvent alors légitimés dans l'échange.

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38

Portal, Marie-Laure. "La production textile (coton, laine, soie) en aire hellénophone moderne : analyse technique et historique". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040280.

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En examinant la production textile (coton, laine, soie) dans une aire unie par l'usage du grec, de la fin du XVIIIe siècle à l'entre-deux guerres, la thèse se fixe un triple objectif. Le 1er ambitionne (par l'ensemble de la thèse) d'ouvrir la voie aux recherches sur le textile (et plus largement sur les techniques) en Grèce moderne. Le 2e (1e partie du doctorat) vise à élaborer, à partir du matériel de l'aire hellénophone moderne, un modèle général d'analyse pour traiter les cas rencontrés lors de dépouillements ultérieurs et dont le caractère heuristique rendrait apte à analyser le textile dans d'autres situations historiques. Le 3e s'attache à des questions historiques dont l'examen exhaustif est rendu difficile par l'absence quasi totale d'études préexistantes : la nouveauté du champ a fait choisir 4 volets dans l'aire hellénophone moderne (2e partie du doctorat) en dressant une histoire du jugement, en établissant la parcellisation de la production selon les lieux et milieux, en posant les linéaments d'une histoire des innovations et en développant les grands axes du problème de la communauté d'art
By examining the textile production (cotton, wool, silk) in the Greek-speaking area, from the end of the XVIIIth century to the period between the wars, this thesis has a triple aim. The first has the ambition (by the whole study) to open researches on textile (and more widely on the techniques) in modern Greece. The second (1st part of the thesis) trends towards building, from the equipment of modern Greek-speaking area, a general model of analysis to treat further cases and the heuristic feature of which would allow to analyse textile in other historical situations. The 3rd treats historical questions the study of which is difficult by the lack of existing works; this new approach makes us choose 4 parts in the modern Greek-speaking area (2nd part of the thesis): history of judgment, sharing-out of production according to places and circles, beginnings for a history of innovations and the main features of the community of art problem

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39

Ribeiro, Júlio César de Lima [UNESP]. "Abertura de capital como estratégia de gestão jurídica e financeira de empresas do setor sucroalcooleiro". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98926.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:20:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_jcl_me_fran.pdf: 1089621 bytes, checksum: f72e69dff640410554cdd8615efb95ad (MD5)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Este estudo busca identificar a sociedade anônima aberta como um modelo societário propício à formatação jurídica, organização e capitalização de empreendimentos do setor sucroalcooleiro. O estudo foca este setor específico da economia brasileira, em função de sua acentuada importância no cenário econômico mundial, do intenso crescimento, nas últimas décadas da demanda por açúcar, etanol e álcool anidro (em especial no que tange a esses combustíveis renováveis), bem como, em razão das mudanças administrativas e estruturais que vêm sendo aplicadas ultimamente nas empresas do setor. Nessa conjuntura, a pesquisa busca demonstrar como se organizam, atualmente, os diferentes agentes econômicos do setor e quais as principais estratégias aplicadas no sentido de se capitalizarem e, assim, promoverem medidas de reorganização administrativa e estrutural. Sob essas premissas, o estudo sugere a formatação jurídica das sociedades anônimas abertas, como um modelo viável para a organização de empreendimentos sucroalcooleiros que reúnam condições de experimentarem um potencial crescimento econômico, a partir da capitalização e da integração empresarial com outros empreendimentos relacionados ao setor. Para tanto, propõe-se a revelar os procedimentos necessários para a abertura de capital, especialmente quanto à reorganização societária, contratações de assessorias, realização de registros, comunicação e aprovação dos órgãos governamentais, bem como aqueles demandados quando da realização de oferta de ações, debêntures e demais valores mobiliários a serem negociados no mercado de capitais. Na mesma conjuntura focaliza as implicações decorrentes do processo de abertura de capital e as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos empreendedores que lançam mão dessa empreitada ou que...
This study intends to identify the publicly traded companies as a corporate model propitious to capitalize, to legally format and to organize the assets of the sugar and alcohol sector. This study focuses on this specific sector of the Brazilian economy due to its accented importance on the global economy to its intense increase in the last decades on the demand for sugar, ethanol and anhydrous ethanol (particularly regarding these renewable fuels) as well as to the administrative and to the structural modifications that have been lately applied in its companies. Considering this juncture, this research intends to show how the different economic agents of the sector are organize, nowadays, and which the main strategies are applied in order to capitalize and, therefore, promote measures of administrative and of structural reorganization. Under these assumptions, the study proposes the legal formatting of the publicly traded companies as a viable model to the organization of the sugar and alcohol sector that gather conditions to experience an economic growth based on the capitalization and on the integration with other assets related to the sector. For that purpose, it aims to reveal the necessary procedures for initial public offerings, especially regarding the approval of government agencies, conducting legal records, corporate reorganization, hiring of consultancy, as well as the procedures demanded when issuance of debentures, stock offers and other securities offering to be traded on the capital market. It focuses on the implications of the initial public offering process and the main difficulties faced by the entrepreneurs who intend to apply the legal restructuring towards the flotation of shares. Finally, based on these surveys, this study tries to refer all these contents to the reality of this sector in order to emphasize... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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40

Llerena, Montañez Brenda Aracelli, i Velasquez Angie Mauricio. "Factores asociados a la adopción del E-commerce en Mypes de cosmética natural en el Perú". Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/20228.

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La presente investigación plantea la necesidad de analizar los factores que están asociados a la adopción del E-commerce y su vínculo con la percepción de valor estratégico desde el punto de vista de los CEOs o propietarios de las mypes de cosmética natural en el Perú. Para ello, se ha tomado como base el modelo multivariado de Grandon y Pearson (2004) que propone diferentes elementos para el estudio. Por el lado de los factores determinantes en la adopción del Ecommerce, se analiza la preparación de la organización, la compatibilidad de la organización con el E-commerce, la presión externa, la facilidad de uso percibido del E-commerce y la utilidad percibida. Respecto a la percepción del valor estratégico del E-commerce, se analiza el soporte organizacional que brinda el E-commerce, la productividad gerencial a partir del uso del Ecommerce y el E-commerce como una herramienta para la toma de decisiones estratégicas. La metodología de esta investigación se centra en el estudio de 11 casos de micro y pequeñas empresas del sector de cosmética natural que se encuentran activas en el mercado y tienen alrededor de tres años a más en el sector de cosmética natural. Para fines del estudio de la adopción del E-commerce, se ha optado por diferenciarlos entre las mypes que utilizan el Ecommerce y las que aún no lo utilizan con el fin de analizar las diferentes experiencias y percepciones de cada grupo. La recolección de información se hizo sobre la base de entrevistas a profundidad a los CEOs de las empresas y mediante las observaciones a los medios digitales (páginas web, páginas multimarca y redes sociales) de cada uno de los casos. Como resultado del análisis, se concluye que, por un lado, los factores de adopción de las mypes con E-commerce destaca principalmente la utilidad percibida, la compatibilidad y la preparación organizacional, y en cuanto a la percepción de valor estratégico de este grupo está determinada por los tres factores que son el soporte organizacional, la productividad gerencial y la ayuda en decisiones estratégicas. En contraste, los factores de la no adopción de las mypes sin E-commerce destaca principalmente la preparación organizacional, y en cuanto a la percepción de valor estratégico por este grupo está determinada principalmente por el soporte organizacional que brinda el E-commerce. En ese sentido, se puede concluir que, a mayor percepción de valor estratégico, los CEOs de las mypes de cosmética natural tendrán una mayor disposición y apertura por la adopción del E-commerce dentro de sus organizaciones

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41

Davies, Brian. "Extending the industrial organisation paradigm with reference to the economic analysis of the U.K. hotel and package tour industries". Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326733.

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42

Andersson, Patrick, i Alexander Brewer. "Analysis of the Commercial Launch Industry : Determining Competitiveness using Porter’s Five Forces Framework". Thesis, Jönköping University, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52879.

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This thesis aims to analyze the rules of competition of the commercial launch industry between the years 2010-2020 to better understand the market and gain strategic insights for market share captivation or profitability. The industry is analyzed quantitively within the theoretical framework of Porter's five competitive forces. By the means of a Pooled OLS model, we conduct a regression analysis with five industry proxies that closely relate to Porter’s five forces to explain competition in the industry. The results provided us with enough evidence that quantitively applying Porter’s five forces with industry specific proxies leads us to a better understanding of competition in the commercial launch industry. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that the strongest competitive force is the threat of buyers. While the threat of competitive rivalry, power of suppliers and new entrants are relatively weak but highly significant, the threat of substitutes is of very low significance to affect market competition. The result of the analysis is then used as a tool to provide strategic insights for industry actors for optimal positioning in the market. Finally, we present some suggestions for future research on the subject, as well as other industry analysis using the theoretical framework.

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43

Zawislak, Paulo Antônio. "L'activité de conception : les trajectoires brésiliennes de l'industrie aéronautique et de l'industrie de la chaussure". Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070124.

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Valéa, Aristide B. "Three essays on Innovation and Agrifood Trade". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66563.

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Cette thèse aborde trois questions relatives à l'innovation et au commerce international agroalimentaire. Le premier essai traite des implications de la libéralisation commerciale sur la qualité et les prix des exportations agroalimentaires, tant sur le plan théorique qu'empirique. Basée sur la littérature récente en commerce international, l'investigation théorique étend un modèle existant en introduisant les tarifs des outputs comme facteurs susceptibles d'impacter la qualité des exportations. Le modèle renseigne que les effets de la libéralisation commerciale sur la qualité des produits exportés dépendent fortement du niveau de différenciation des produits. En e et, la libéralisation commerciale induit une amélioration de la qualité des exportations plus importante pour les produits différenciés que pour les produits homogènes. Ces conclusions théoriques ont été testées avec des données des pays membres de l'OCDE. Les résultats empiriques corroborent en grande partie les hypothèses théoriques. Le deuxième essai est consacré à l'analyse des effets directs et indirects (via l'innovation) des contraintes de financement sur les performances à l'exportation des entreprises agroalimentaires dans les pays africains. La littérature soutient que les contraintes de financement impactent négativement les activités d'innovation des entreprises. Par ailleurs, l'innovation constitue un des principaux déterminants de la performance des entreprises à l'exportation. Il est alors pertinent d'envisager que les contraintes de financement peuvent impacter directement les performances à l'exportation des entreprises agroalimentaires à travers la hausse des coûts liés aux activités d'exportation, mais aussi indirectement à travers la réduction des incitations des entreprises à innover. Le modèle théorique développé suggère que l'impact de l'innovation sur les performances à l'exportation dépendent de deux effets : l'e et coût et l'e et de création de demande. L'innovation ne se traduit par une amélioration des performances à l'exportation que si l'e et de création de demande est supérieur à l'e et coût. Par ailleurs, les entreprises les plus financièrement contraintes sont moins enclines à innover et moins performantes sur les marchés étrangers. Ces conclusions théoriques ont été testées à travers des données d'entreprises agroalimentaires de 10 pays africains. De façon générale, l'évidence empirique confirme les conclusions théoriques selon lesquelles les contraintes des financements sont dommageables pour les performances des exportations des entreprises. Le dernier essai de cette thèse questionne les implications des investissements en R&D dans le secteur agricole sur la durée des exportations des produits agricoles dans les pays membres de la CEDEAO. Les recherches sur la survie des exportations dans le secteur agricole sont peu nombreuses. Plus précisément, celles abordant la question des possibles effets des investissements publics R&D sur la durée des exportations sont quasi inexistantes. Au regard de l'importance et du rôle que joue le secteur agricole dans l'économie des pays membres de la CEDEAO et de la faiblesse des investissements dans le secteur agricole, ce troisième essai contribue à combler ce gap. Deux mesures des investissements en R&D ont été utilisées comme variables explicatives de la probabilité de survie des exportations : la moyenne annuelle de la part des investissements en R&D dans le PIB agricole réalisée durant les cinq dernières années avant le début de l'épisode de commerce (investissement en amont) et la moyenne annuelle de la part des investissements en R&D dans le PIB agricole réalisée pendant l'épisode de commerce (investissement en aval). Les résultats empiriques indiquent que de façon générale, les investissements en R&D augmentent la probabilité de survie des exportations des produits agricoles des pays membres de la CEDEAO. Par ailleurs, cet e et n'est pas linéaire dans la mesure où l'augmentation les dépenses en R&D tendent à réduire la probabilité de survie des exportations à partir d'un certain seuil. Les résultats indiquent aussi une hétérogénéité entre les pays et selon le nombre d'épisodes de commerce passés.
This thesis addressed three issues related to innovation and agrifood trade through three essays. The rst essay deals with the implications of agrifood trade liberalization on export prices and quality upgrading, theoretically and empirically. Based on the recent literature on international trade, the theoretical investigation extends an existing model by incorporating the reduction of output tari s as an indicator of trade liberalization likely to a ect export quality. The theoretical model informs that the e ects of trade liberalization on the quality of exported products depend strongly on the level of product di erentiation. Indeed, trade liberalization leads to more quality improvement for di erentiated products than for homogeneous products. These theoretical conclusions have been tested with data from OECD member countries. Empirical results largely corroborate theoretical conclusions. The second essay is devoted to the analysis of the direct and indirect e ects (via innovation) of nancial constraints on the export performance of agrifood rms in African countries. The literature argues that nancial constraints negatively impact rms' innovation activities. In addition, innovation is one of the main determinants of export performance. It is therefore relevant to consider nancial constraints to directly impact the export performance of agrifood rms through increased costs related to export activities, but also indirectly through the reduction of rm incentives to innovate. Our theoretical model suggests that the impact of innovation on export performance depends on two e ects: the cost e ect and the demand-creation e ect. Innovation induces improved export performance only if the demand-creation e ect is greater than the cost e ect. Moreover, the most nancially constrained rms are less inclined to innovate and are less successful in foreign markets. These theoretical conclusions were tested on data about agrifood rms from 10 African countries. In general, empirical evidence con rms the theoretical conclusions that nancial constraints are damaging to the performance of rms' exports. v The last essay of this thesis questions the implications of R&D investment in the agricultural sector on export duration of agricultural products in ECOWAS member countries. There is little research on export survival in the agricultural sector. More precisely, those addressing the issue of the possible e ects of public R&D investment on the duration of exports are almost non-existent. Given the importance and role of the agricultural sector in the economies of ECOWAS member countries and the low level of investment in the agricultural sector, this essay contributes to lling this gap. Two measures of R&D investments were used as explanatory variables for the probability of export survival: the annual average share of R&D investments in agricultural GDP in the last ve years before the start of the trade episode (upstream investment) and the average annual share of R&D investments in agricultural GDP realized during the trade episode (downstream investment). The empirical results indicate that, in general, R&D investments increase the agricultural export survival rate of ECOWAS countries. In addition, this e ect is not linear as the increase in R&D expenditures tends to reduce the probability of export survival above a certain threshold. The results also indicate heterogeneity across countries and the number of past trade episodes.

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Finotto, Anna <1992&gt. "Dai Business Improvement Districts ai Distretti del Commercio: strategie per rinnovare il commercio locale. Il caso di San Donà di Piave". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16542.

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Nel corso degli ultimi anni, il commercio nei centri urbani italiani ha subito importanti modificazioni poiché l’impatto di nuovi modelli di consumo ha portato a un crescente fenomeno di dismissione dei negozi che vi si trovano. La tendenza generale favorisce ora l’instaurarsi di poli commerciali di grandi dimensioni lungo le principali vie di comunicazione, allontanando i luoghi del commercio dal centro della città in favore delle periferie, e non va dimenticata l’influenza dell’e-commerce. Ne deriva quindi che il centro urbano, storicamente fulcro degli scambi commerciali, vive una fare di regressione che ha colpito prevalentemente le piccole botteghe specializzate, ma che influisce anche sulle condizioni del centro storico che rischia di aumentare la propria condizione di degrado. Questo elaborato di tesi mira ad analizzare alcune strategie che hanno preso piede – nel mondo e poi anche in Italia – per cercare di rinvigorire il commercio locale, per capire quali azioni possano davvero aiutare a rivitalizzare i centri urbani. Dopo un esame del modello dei Business Improvement Districts. l’elaborato si concentrerà sull’analisi dei modelli attuati in Italia, specificamente su quello dei Distretti del Commercio, attuato nella Regione Veneto. Il focus del lavoro poi si orienterà sul caso studio del Distretto del Commercio di San Donà di Piave, analizzando i progetti attuati e l’effetto che hanno avuto sul commercio cittadino.

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Sans, Pierre. "Relations verticales et pouvoir au sein du canal de distribution : le cas de l'industrie de transformation de la viande bovine française dans ses rapports avec la distribution moderne". Toulouse 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU10035.

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L'objet de ce travail est d'étudier la nature des relations verticales qui unissent deux catégories d'agents d'un canal de distribution (les fabricants et les distributeurs) et d'analyser les modalités et effets de l'exercice éventuel d'un pouvoir par l'une d'entre elles sur l'autre. Une première partie est consacrée à l'analyse, empirique et théorique, de ces relations. L'auteur retrace l'évolution des rapports entre ces deux catégories d'acteurs au cours du XXème siècle et en souligne les motifs. Après avoir présenté les deux secteurs d'activité qui sont l'objet de l'étude, les apports et les limites des deux principaux courants d'analyse des relations verticales au sein d'un canal de distribution, les approches économiques et comportementale, sont exposés. Enfin, un cadre théorique, inspiré du modelé d'économie politique des canaux, est proposé. Il sert de support à la recherche empirique développée dans une deuxième partie. Elle exploite les résultats d'une enquête directe menée auprès des principaux opérateurs de l'industrie de transformation de la viande bovine française et de la distribution moderne. Elle montre comment la structure et les modes de fonctionnement que cette dernière met en place conduisent à un contrôle étroit des transactions. Il s'appuie sur une centralisation croissante du pouvoir de décision, une formalisation des besoins et sur la mainmise du distributeur sur la réalisation de fonctions connexes. Il constitue un outil de régulation de la concurrence au sein du secteur de la transformation. Face au leadership de l'opérateur aval, les industriels développent des stratégies de résistance, d'évitement ou de coopération dans le but de rééquilibrer le rapport de force
The aim of this study is to particularize the relationships between beef industry and modern distribution. It analyses both the sources of power and the consequences of the exercise of this power on a dominated firm. In a first part, the author recalls the relationships evolution between industry and distribution during the XXth century. Then, after a presentation of the two activities (beef industry and meat retail), the major theorical approaches of marketing channel are discuted. Finally, the author proposes a model based on the political economy analysis (Stern & Reve, 1980). The second part is dedicated to the analysis of the data collected in a personal interview process involving the eight biggest firms of beef industry and “big distribution” (supermarket chains). It emphasizes how the structures and the processes adopted by big distribution firms lead to a complete control of transactions. The centralization of the buying decisions, the formalization of the requirements and the implication in non-distributive activities (production logistic. . . ) Are used by retail firms to exercise the channel leadership and to prevent the constitution of an industrial oligopoly. To counteract the effects of the retail leadership, beef industry reacts developing resistance, “shunting” and cooperation strategies. Finally, a conclusion emphasizes how this study contribute to a best comprehension of the relationships between meat industry and “big distribution”

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Mathieu, Valérie. "Le couple produit-service : mesure de la satisfaction du client industriel : application au secteur de la transformation des matières plastiques". Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX32038.

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The servicd offer associated to a tangible product, which has often been considered as fundamental competitive advantage has widely drawn the attention both from researchers and managers. The contribution and the originality of this research is to go beyond the single issue of the associated service. And to focuse on the product-service couple. The latter is defined as an offer composed by a tangible element, the product and by an intangible elemen, the associated service (for example the technical iad which goes with the sell of a computer hardware). This research is then a reflexion on the integration and the complementarity between service and product, and it aims to fill in the gap between a product vision and a service vision. The theoretical objective of the research is on one side to better understand the logic and the finality of the product-service couple by proposing a conceptualization of this type of offer. And on the other side it is to improve the knowledge on the management of the associated service offer. The managerial objective is starting from the conceptualization of the research, to measure the industrial client satisfaction with respect to the product-service couple. This research is then applied to a specific industrial sector. The one of the plastic processing industry.

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Bernier, Isabelle. "Négoce et industrie à Mulhouse au XVIIIe siècle : 1696-1798 /". Toulouse : CNRS-Université Toulouse-Le Mirail, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41398655v.

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Nicinski, Sophie. "L'usager du service public industriel et commercial". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010252.

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L'idée qui illustre le mieux l'usager du service public industriel et commercial est celle d'ambivalence. Son histoire reflète un conflit entre intérêt général et intérêts particuliers. Sa notion s'appréhende à l'aide de critères objectifs et subjectifs. Son statut est un compromis entre le droit conventionnel et le droit statutaire. Son régime se situe à l'intersection du droit public et du droit privé : c'est un régime autonome ayant ses propres principes de fonctionnement.

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Llerena, Montañez Brenda Aracelli, i Velásquez Angie Mauricio. "Análisis de la relación entre el valor estratégico percibido y la adopción del E-commerce en Mypes de cosmética natural en el Perú". Bachelor's thesis, PE, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19493.

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El E-commerce o comercio electrónico se ha vuelto un importante recurso para muchas organizaciones, especialmente para los micros y pequeñas empresas de países en desarrollo. La presente investigación tiene como finalidad analizar la relación entre el valor estratégico percibido y la adopción del comercio electrónico en las mypes del sector de cosmética natural en el Perú. El propósito es poder comprender la dinámica entre estas variables en beneficio de las empresas y motivar a otras mypes peruanas a que se sumen a la adopción del E-commerce en sus actividades. En ese sentido, la aproximación de la investigación se realiza mediante una revisión minuciosa de literatura sobre el comercio electrónico, el valor estratégico percibido y los factores que influyen en la adopción del E-commerce. Por ello, para establecer la relación entre ambas variables se usa el modelo propuesto por Grandon y Pearson (2004), el cual sugiere tres subvariables del valor estratégico percibido, las cuales son soporte organizacional, productividad gerencial y ayuda en las decisiones estratégicas, y cinco factores que influyen en la adopción del E-commerce, los cuales son preparación organizacional, presión externa, compatibilidad, facilidad de uso percibido y la utilidad percibida. Luego de ello, el modelo se contextualiza en el sector de cosmética natural mediante la descripción del sector a nivel internacional, un análisis del sector a nivel nacional, para así entablar la relación propuesta del modelo en la realidad peruana de cosmética natural. Como resultado se desarrolla un marco de análisis que permite comprender cómo influye el valor estratégico percibido por los propietarios de mypes de cosmética natural en la decisión de adoptar el comercio electrónico en sus actividades.

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