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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Inductance cinétique"
Nicaise, Paul. "Développement de détecteurs à inductance cinétique pour l'infrarouge proche et le visible". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLO013.
Pełny tekst źródłaMicrowave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) are superconductive thin films LCresonators with high quality factors. They can simultaneously record single-photon events and measure their energy without any added optics. Combined with the ease of multiplexing thousands of pixels into a large array, MKIDs are now at the heart of current and upcoming ground-based astronomy applications .Among them is the SpectroPhotometric Imaging for Astronomy with Kinetic InductanceDetectors (SPIAKID) project at Paris Observatory. We are using MKID technologyto build a 20,000 pixels spectrophotometer that will be deployed in 2025 on the 3.6m New Technology Telescope (NTT) in Chile. SPIAKID aims to study the population andmetallicity of stars in Ultra Faint Dwarf (UFD) galaxies in the Local group to have abetter understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. We will present an original design intended to improve the optical coupling between incident photons and the absorber part of the detector
Coiffard, Grégoire. "Détecteurs à inductance cinétique pour l'astronomie millimétrique : étude des matériaux et des procédés de fabrication". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI077/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaFor 10 years, kinetic inductance detectors are developed for millimeter radioastronomy and they now reach photon-noise sensitivities. A kinetic inductance detector (KID) is a resonator, equivalent to an RLC circuit whose resonant frequency is f_0, structured in a superconducting metal. Incoming photons, with energy greater than the superconducting gap, are absorbed in the metal and change its surface impedance leading to a shift Df_0 of the resonant frequency of the resonator. KID arrays are made with hundred of resonators with different resonant frequencies. We study the fabrication of aluminum-KID arrays of 1932 pixels on 4 inch substrate with homogeneous superconducting properties over this area. Various ways to electrically and optically optimize these arrays are proposed. These optimization allow us to choose arrays that have the required performances. These arrays are now installed in the NIKA-2 (New Instrument of KID Array) instrument in IRAM's 30 m telescope located on the Pico Veleta in Spain. We also analyze reactive sputtered titanium nitride thin films and we present a rapid and non-destructive measurement to characterize the nitrogen content in these films. We describe upgrades of the deposition chamber that allow more uniform thin films to be deposited. TiN KID arrays are fabricated and characterized from these optimized thin films. The performances of these TiN prototype arrays are surprisingly good and encourage future work
Cruciani, Angelo. "Conception et développement de détecteurs à inductance cinétique pour l'astronomie millimétriques et les rayons X". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENY001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main subject of this PhD thesis is the concept and development of a novel kind of cryogenics detectors, called Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detector for the application in millimeter astronomy and in the detection of high energy photons. Regarding astrophysics, the goal was to obtain large arrays of detectors, demonstrating a sensitivity comparable with bolometers. I worked on the development and tests of single pixel, realization of the array and integration into NIKA (Neel IRAM KIDs Array), an experiment installed at the IRAM telescope in Spain. This activity culminated with two demonstrative runs at the telescope with excellent results: the camera, working at two frequencies (1.25 mm and 2 mm) with more than 200 pixels, obtained a sensitivity of about 200 aW/sqrt(Hz). The goal of the second application was to obtain a good concept for high energy photons detection with LEKIDs. We developed new devices to study the detection of X-ray mediated via phonons produced in the substrate. Those tests demonstrated a threshold level of about 60 eV, encouraging for the future
D'addabbo, Antonio. "Applications of Kinetic Inductance Detectors to Astronomy and Particle Physics". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY064/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaKinetic Inductance Detectors (KID) have recently drawn the attention of the low-temperature detectors community. High sensitivity, low fabrication complexity, small time constant and most notably the intrinsic capability of frequency multiplexed readout open new possibilities for experiments which need large format arrays of ultra sensitive light detectors. In millimeter Astronomy, the New IRAM KID Array (NIKA) instrument is today the most beautiful demonstration of this statement. It is a two bands hundreds-pixels KID based camera permanently installed at the focal plane of the IRAM 30-m telescope of Pico Veleta (Granada, Spain). Thanks to the NIKA observational campaign, we have de nitively demonstrated performances comparable to the state-of-art of bolometers and the instrument is today opened to the astronomers community. This encourages further array scaling and opens the path to next generation kilo-pixels ground-based cameras, like NIKA-2. Moreover, the will to extend KID technology to space mission needs the interaction with cosmic rays to be investigated. The understanding of the physics behind substrate-higher energy particles interactions led us to implement a fully independent system for the phonon-mediated particle detection with KID arrays. The work carried out through this PhD thesis concerned the development of optimized Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors (LEKID) and the implementation of dedicated readout techniques for the aforementioned activities
Traini, Alessandro. "Antenna-Coupled LEKIDs for Multi-Band CMB Polarization Sensitive Pixel". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC205/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaNext generation telescopes for observing the Cosmic Microwave Background are demanding in terms of number of detectors and focal plane area filling efficiency. Moreover, foreground reduction in B-Mode polarimetry requires sky observation with multiple frequency bands. In this context KIDs are promising technology because of their large multiplexing rate, while antenna coupling can provide multi-band and dual-polarization solutions in compact design. The proposed polarization sensitive antenna-coupled LEKID is operating at 140 GHz and 160 GHz with a bandwidth of almost 10% for each sub-band. The design involves a microstrip excited slot antenna and two open-stub band-pass filters to direct the signal toward two resonators. These are lumped elements capacitively coupled to the antenna and include an Aluminium strip as absorber. The architecture proposed is particularly simple to fabricate, via-less and only involves two metallization levels. The transition doesn't require any dielectric deposition above the resonator, thus preventing limitations from any source of noise due to non-monocrystalline substrate (TLS). Furthermore, the same coupling technique can be applied to many types of microstrip excited antennas, which allow to accommodate band-pass filters
Soylu, Gizem. "Techniques de microscopie sous-longueur d'onde aux fréquences térahertz". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT020.
Pełny tekst źródłaImaging in the Terahertz frequency range at subwavelength resolution has gained a great interest for certain studies which cannot be carried out with other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, classical optical schemes cannot be employed to obtain micrometre-range resolution for THz microscopy as diffraction limits the resolution to about 100 µm. In this thesis, we present two different original subwavelength THz microscopy techniques. In the first technique, the THz beam is screened by a thin metallic sheet in which a subwavelength hole has been made. The sample is placed against the sheet and moved over the hole to perform a raster image. The expected resolution is then equal to the hole size. The second technique presented in this thesis is based on generated a THz signal directly from the sample. When a laser beam is focused in the sample, the illuminated region, if non-centrosymmetric, can generate THz signals through optical rectification. The raster image is obtained by recording this THz signal while the laser beam is moved over the sample. The expected resolution is then close to the laser spot size.Both technique might involve weak THz signals. That is why we investigated on the possibility to measure them with a very sensitive detector, usually used for astronomy, named kinetic inductance detector (KID). This manuscript presents its principle as well as the study that was carried on. On a “classical” time domain spectroscopy setup, signal as low as 0.2 fW were thus recorded, demonstrating the interest of such detectors.The two last chapters are dedicated to the two microscopy techniques themselves. For the first one, a simulation model using a finite element model solver is used to design the most efficient aperture to enhance the transmission through a subwavelength hole. The results show that a conically tapered hole has a higher transmission than a classical cylindrical hole. Our attempts at using the KIDs camera for the first time for THz microscopy are discussed and first encouraging results are presented.Finally, the ORTI (Optical Rectification Terahertz Imaging) technique is investigated. An image with a 10 µm spatial resolution (λ/214 for 0.14 THz) was obtained while scanning the ferroelectric domains of a crystal of PPKTP. We show that the resolution of the image depends only on the laser spot size and not on the generated THz frequency. In addition, we showed that ORTI image can be used to scan a poly-crystalline sample as well as a crystal with different thickness areas. Lastly, the limitations of the spatial resolution of ORTI images are discussed in detail
Beldi, Samir. "Développement de détecteurs MKIDs (Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors) fonctionnant dans l'infrarouge proche et le visible pour l'astronomie". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEO008.
Pełny tekst źródłaKIDs (Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors) by their ability to count photons, to measure their individual energies and to acquire images at very high rates are likely to allow an observational revolution in the visible and near infrared. A MKID detector is basically an LC superconducting resonator whose intrinsic resonance frequency is fixed by the physical characteristics as well as the geometry of the inductive and capacitive parts. The detection is based on the absorption of incident photons by the inductive part, which modifies the kinetic inductance of the superconductor causing a frequency shift. Compared to CCDs, MKIDs allow a faster readout with lower noise as they do not suffer from the readout and dark current noises. In addition, MKIDs allow the implementation of a simple frequency multiplexing, paving the way to arrays comprising thousands of pixels which can be read in real time using a single readout line. The current optical MKIDs are often patterned from an inductive meander in series with an interdigitated capacitor whose size must be large enough to maintain a low resonance frequency, typically a few GHz, which can be easily measured with inexpensive and easy-to-use readout electronics. However, for the classical designs, the interdigitated capacitor can cover up to 90 % of the overall pixel surface. This is detrimental for many astrophysical applications as it leads to large pixels and a very low fill factor. This thesis work consists in implementing a new architecture where the large interdigitated capacitor is replaced by a parallel plate capacitor which features a larger capacitance value within a much smaller space allowing to strongly reduce the size of the pixels. This will lead to a higher filling factor and a better spatial resolution of optical imaging systems. I will present the design and fabrication of parallel-plate capacitor-based lumped element kinetic detector arrays using titanium nitride (TiN) as a superconducting absorber, as well as promising experimental results obtained between 70 and 300 mK
Adam, Rémi. "Observation des amas de galaxies par effet Sunyaev-Zel'dovich et de la polarisation du fond diffus cosmologique : de Planck à NIKA". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY056/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe measurement of the matter distribution in the Universe provides valuable tests for cosmology. It can be traced at various steps of the formation of structures using the analysis of the primary and secondary anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). This thesis focuses on the data analysis of the observations of the Planck satellite and that of the ground-based camera NIKA installed at the IRAM-30m telescope.The first part introduces the context, focussing on: 1) the inflation, which provides a natural origin for the matter fluctuations seen in the Universe; 2) the reionization, which corresponds to the moment when the first stars form; 3) clusters of galaxy, that are the building blocks of the more recent Universe.The second part focuses on the data reduction of the NIKA data. The development of the data reduction pipeline, allowing to go from raw data to maps, is presented. It is dedicated for the newly developed kinetic inductance detectors used by NIKA. Tools and simulations are also constructed to characterize the maps.The third part is dedicated to the observation and the analysis of galaxy clusters through the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect, i.e. the inverse Compton interaction of CMB photons and free electrons in clusters. Once recovered, the SZ maps are combined to X-ray data to measure the matter content and thermodynamic properties of the observed clusters. The main results are: the first observation of the SZ effect with kinetic inductance detectors, the measurement of the pressure profile of a high redshift cluster ($z=0.89$), the study of point source contamination in a resolved cluster, and the SZ mapping in a triple merger.The last part is dedicated to the analysis of Planck polarization data. In particular, we discuss large angular scale systematics and the tools developed to identify and correct for them. The large scales CMB polarization data allows both to search for the imprint of the quantum fluctuations generated during inflation, and to measure the reionization
Boudou, Nicolas. "Spectrométrie de Fourier intégrée pour l'astronomie millimétrique". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955807.
Pełny tekst źródłaRuppin, Florian. "Cosmologie via les observations d'amas de galaxies par effet Sunyaev-Zel'dovich avec NIKA2". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY029/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe mass distribution in the Universe, as traced by galaxy clusters is a powerful cosmological probe. The characterization of the processes associated with the origin and the growth of the large scale structures enables constraining cosmological parameters by studying the distribution of clusters according to their mass and redshift. However, a tension is observed between the cosmological constraints established by the study of the primary anisotropies of the cosmological background and those resulting from the analysis of the distribution of galaxy clusters. This may imply that our cosmological model is incomplete. The observation of clusters from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect allows us to constrain their gas pressure. This observable can be directly linked to the mass of galaxy clusters via a scaling relation and a pressure profile. It is thus essential to characterize the latter precisely in order to limit the potential bias and systematic effects affecting cosmological analyses. This thesis presents the work carried out to this end. It covers topics ranging from SZ observations made with the NIKA2 camera installed at the IRAM 30-metre telescope to the estimation of cosmological parameters, and including the analysis of NIKA2 raw data and the SZ maps produced.Part of the thesis work presented in this document is dedicated to the study and the improvement of the different tasks carried out, from the observations of galaxy clusters with the NIKA2 camera to the production of maps of the SZ effect. The procedures developed to estimate the NIKA2 instrumental performance are detailed and the analysis pipeline used to analyze the raw data is presented.The work carried out in this thesis also consisted in characterizing the thermodynamic properties of galaxy clusters using joint analyzes that combine the NIKA2 SZ maps with X-ray data measured by the XMM-Newton satellite. We detail the methods used in the SZ data processing software created for the NIKA2 SZ large program, the non-parametric deprojection procedure developed to characterize the pressure profile of galaxy clusters and the results of the first SZ observation with NIKA2.The last activities presented are dedicated to the analyses carried out to quantify the impact of the NIKA2 SZ large program on cosmology. We analyze the effect of dynamic disturbances of the intracluster medium on the characterization of the pressure profile with NIKA2 via the use of clusters from the MUSIC N-body simulation. Finally, we detail the study realized in order to estimate the impact of a modification of the universal pressure profile on the estimation of cosmological parameters derived from the power spectrum of the SZ effect measured by Planck