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1
Leng, Gabriele, Ulrich Ranft, Dorothee Sugiri, Wolfgang Hadnagy, Edith Berger-Preiß i Helga Idel. "Pyrethroids used indoors – Biological monitoring of exposure to pyrethroids following an indoor pest control operation". International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 206, nr 2 (styczeń 2003): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1438-4639-00199.
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Bjørnson, Susan, i Jay Gallant. "Assessment of natural enemies for pest control on an indoor living wall". Journal of Living Architecture 6, nr 1 (2019): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46534/jliv.2019.06.01.044.
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Bjørnson1, Susan, i Jay Gallant. "Assessment of natural enemies for pest control on an indoor living wall". Journal of Living Architecture 6, nr 1 (2019): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46534/jliv.2020.06.01.044.
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Leng, Gabriele, Edith Berger-Preiß, Karsten Levsen, Ulrich Ranft, Dorothee Sugiri, Wolfgang Hadnagy i Helga Idel. "Pyrethroids used indoor - ambient monitoring of pyrethroids following a pest control operation". International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 208, nr 3 (maj 2005): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2005.01.016.
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Oudejans, Lukas, Amy Mysz, Emily Gibb Snyder, Barbara Wyrzykowska-Ceradini, Joshua Nardin, Dennis Tabor, James Starr, Daniel Stout i Paul Lemieux. "Remediating Indoor Pesticide Contamination from Improper Pest Control Treatments: Persistence and Decontamination Studies". Journal of Hazardous Materials 397 (październik 2020): 122743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122743.
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Sierras, Angela, i Coby Schal. "Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Ingested Hydroprene and Methoprene on Development and Fecundity of the Common Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)". Journal of Medical Entomology 57, nr 4 (26.02.2020): 1199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa038.
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Abstract In the last two decades, bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L. and Cimex hemipterus F.) have become perennial and difficult to control indoor pests. Current pest control options are severely constrained by high prevalence of insecticide resistance and availability and relatively high costs of alternative interventions. Among various measures to counter the drawbacks of insecticide resistance include efforts to diversify the modes of action of insecticides with residual applications of combinations of insecticides, which include a juvenile hormone analog (JHA). JHAs, such as hydroprene and methoprene, have a desirable safety profile and are effective against a variety of indoor pests. We evaluated the potential of hydroprene and methoprene to be incorporated into an ingestible bait, with dose–response studies on fifth-instar male and female bed bugs. Females were more susceptible than males to both JHAs, and methoprene was more effective by ingestion than hydroprene at inducing both lethal and sublethal effects. Ingestion of ≥10 µg/ml blood of either JHA by last instar nymphs reduced oviposition; untreated females that mated with males exposed to high concentrations of either JHA also exhibited lower oviposition. We suggest that methoprene could be incorporated into integrated pest management programs in liquid baits and residual sprays in combination with other active ingredients.
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Feng, Boyuan, Heng Zhi, Hongyan Chen, Bo Cui, Xiang Zhao, Changjiao Sun, Yan Wang, Haixin Cui i Zhanghua Zeng. "Development of Chlorantraniliprole and Lambda Cyhalothrin Double-Loaded Nano-Microcapsules for Synergistical Pest Control". Nanomaterials 11, nr 10 (15.10.2021): 2730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102730.
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Nanotechnology could greatly improve global agricultural food production. Chlorantraniliprole and lambda cyhalothrin double-loaded nano-microcapsules were fabricated to enhance the control of pests by pesticides and improve the pesticide utilization efficiency. The nano-microcapsules were synthesized using a method involving the solid in oil in water encapsulation technique and solvent evaporation. The nano-microcapsules slowly and simultaneously released lambda cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole. The cumulative lambda cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole release rates at 40 h were 80% and 70%, respectively. Indoor Spodoptera frugiperda control tests indicated that the double-loaded nano-microcapsules were more toxic than lambda cyhalothrin water-dispersible granules, chlorantraniliprole water-dispersible granules, and a mixture of lambda cyhalothrin water-dispersible granules and chlorantraniliprole water-dispersible granules, indicating that the pesticides in the nano-microcapsules synergistically controlled Spodoptera frugiperda. The results indicated that pesticide nano-microcapsules with synergistic effects can be developed that can improve the effective pesticide utilization efficiency and pesticide bioavailability. This is a new idea for achieving environmentally intelligent pesticide delivery.
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Aak, Anders, Morten Hage i Bjørn Arne Rukke. "Long-Tailed Silverfish (Ctenolepisma longicaudata) Control; Bait Choice Based on Primary and Secondary Poisoning". Insects 11, nr 3 (7.03.2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11030170.
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The long-tailed silverfish (Ctenolepisma longicaudata) has recently made its appearance and demonstrated a tremendous proliferation in Norway, where it is currently considered a major indoor nuisance pest in modern buildings. To reduce the risk of human pesticide exposure, several baits with indoxacarb, clothianidin, fipronil or imidacloprid as the active ingredient were investigated to provide knowledge regarding their potential for integrated pest management solutions. Primary and secondary poisoning, as well as the durability of baits, were experimentally evaluated in bioassays. Baits with indoxacarb, clothianidin and fipronil killed more than 90% of the experimental insects (primary poisoning) when presented in competition with food. Only indoxacarb produced high mortality when dead conspecifics were consumed (secondary poisoning) and resulted in more than 75% mortality. The efficacy of baits with indoxacarb against C. longicaudata was also found to be very long. Laboratory degraded baits were consumed and induced high levels of mortality for more than a month, and field degraded baits for more than 6 months. Adults and juveniles were equally affected in the experiments. Primary and secondary toxicity in combination with long durability and effects on both life stages tested suggest that the bait has high-level potential as a safe control strategy against the long-tailed silverfish if indoxacarb is used as the active ingredient.
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Chavan, Sachin G., Zhong-Hua Chen, Oula Ghannoum, Christopher I. Cazzonelli i David T. Tissue. "Current Technologies and Target Crops: A Review on Australian Protected Cropping". Crops 2, nr 2 (8.06.2022): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/crops2020013.
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Protected cropping offers a way to bolster food production in the face of climate change and deliver healthy food sustainably with fewer resources. However, to make this way of farming economically viable, we need to consider the status of protected cropping in the context of available technologies and corresponding target horticultural crops. This review outlines existing opportunities and challenges that must be addressed by ongoing research and innovation in this exciting but complex field in Australia. Indoor farm facilities are broadly categorised into the following three levels of technological advancement: low-, medium- and high-tech with corresponding challenges that require innovative solutions. Furthermore, limitations on indoor plant growth and protected cropping systems (e.g., high energy costs) have restricted the use of indoor agriculture to relatively few, high value crops. Hence, we need to develop new crop cultivars suitable for indoor agriculture that may differ from those required for open field production. In addition, protected cropping requires high start-up costs, expensive skilled labour, high energy consumption, and significant pest and disease management and quality control. Overall, protected cropping offers promising solutions for food security, while reducing the carbon footprint of food production. However, for indoor cropping production to have a substantial positive impact on global food security and nutritional security, the economical production of diverse crops will be essential.
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Huang, Guohuan, Yongfu Deng, Yuancheng Zhang, Pu Feng, Chuanhui Xu, Lihua Fu i Baofeng Lin. "Study on long-term pest control and stability of double-layer pesticide carrier in indoor and outdoor environment". Chemical Engineering Journal 403 (styczeń 2021): 126342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.126342.
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Fauzana, Hafiz, Rusli Rustam, Nelvia Nelvia, Yetti Elfina, Wardati Wardati i Murniati Murniati. "Pengenalan dan pengendalian hama dan penyakit utama tanaman cabai di Desa Sungai Geringging Kecamatan Kampar Kiri Kabupaten Kampar". Unri Conference Series: Community Engagement 2 (30.12.2020): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/unricsce.2.228-233.
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Chili plants are one of the horticultural commodities that have economic value and are widely planted in Sungai Geringging Village, Kampar Kiri District, Kampar Regency. The main obstacle in achieving the quantity and quality of chili production is the attack of pests and diseases. This service aims to provide knowledge to chili farmers in Sungai Geringging Village about the types of pest and disease that attack chilies, symptoms of attack, and methods of control. The extension methods are lectures, questions and answers, discussions, demonstrations and practices with regard to chili plants. Extension is in the form of indoor presentation using LCD and in-focus tools by demonstrating the types of pest and disease that attack chilies and their attack symptoms, discussion and question and answer about pests and diseases of chili plants and their control techniques. Service programs in the form of counseling and demonstrations have been very well responded by chili farmers, counseling and demonstrations with material on how to introduce and control chili pests have never been received, plus in the cultivation of chili plants the obstacles that are often faced by farmers are problems with pests and diseases therefore participating farmers pay closer attention.
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Wang, Yong, Yajun Chang, Sai Zhang, Xingchuan Jiang, Bin Yang i Guirong Wang. "Comparison of Phototactic Behavior between Two Migratory Pests, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera frugiperda". Insects 13, nr 10 (9.10.2022): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13100917.
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The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important migratory pest, causing great losses to agricultural production. Light trapping is a pesticide-free method for pest control and is influenced by many factors, especially wavelength and light intensity. In this study, a series of phototactic behavioral assays were carried out and the physical parameters were included to identify phototactic responses of S. frugiperda, with Helicoverpa armigera as control. It was found that S. frugiperda showed the highest average phototactic rate to blue light among five different LED lights. The phototactic rates of the two moths increased gradually with light intensity and were not obviously influenced by sex. In addition, the phototactic rate of S. frugiperda was significantly lower under a low light intensity of UV light than that of H. armigera, further confirmed by the indoor simulation experiment and EC50. According to the obtained parameters, the trapping distance of S. frugiperda to blue light was smaller than that of H. armigera to UV light. Therefore, we summarized a proposal of using blue light for light traps to control S. frugiperda, with a maximum distance of no more than 108 m. These results provide an experimental and theoretical basis for improving light-trapping techniques for managing S. frugiperda.
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Wollaeger, Heidi M., Kristin L. Getter i Bridget K. Behe. "Consumer Preferences for Traditional, Neonicotinoid-free, Bee-friendly, or Biological Control Pest Management Practices on Floriculture Crops". HortScience 50, nr 5 (maj 2015): 721–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.50.5.721.
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Neonicotinoids have recently been implicated by the media as a contributing factor to the decline of honey and bumblebees. We sought to better understand consumer perceptions and willingness to pay for traditional, neonicotinoid-free, bee-friendly, or biological control pest management practices as growers may seek alternative management practices to systemetic insecticides. We conducted a nationwide Internet survey (n = 3082), where consumers answered attitudinal, comprehension, likelihood-to-buy, and demographical questions about indoor (marketed in 10-cm pots) and outdoor (marketed in 30-cm hanging baskets or 10-cm pots) floriculture products. The likelihood-to-buy questions were analyzed using conjoint analysis to determine which attributes had the greatest part-worth scores or which ones were viewed most positively by survey respondents. Of the total participants, 65.1% (n = 2002) of the subjects had purchased an annual flowering plant in the 12 months before the survey. Respondents reported that the most important plant health and appearance factors that affect their purchasing decisions were that the flowering plants have no plant damage, while the second most important factor was that plants have no insects on them. The least important factor in the ranking of stated importance was that no neonicotinoid insecticides were used during the production of the plant. This finding may have resulted from 56.6% of all participants who reported that they did not understand the term. For those who viewed the indoor 10-cm flowering plants (n = 1052), the plant species accounted for 41.2% of the decision to purchase the plant, followed by production type (32.8%) and price (26.0%). All three product attributes were of equal importance to the subjects who viewed the outdoor 10-cm flowering plants (n = 1024), whereas only price had a lower relative importance when compared with production type and species for those who viewed the 30-cm hanging baskets (n = 1006). Across all three studies, use of the term “bee-friendly” had the greatest economic value because it had the highest part-worth utility score, or the greatest willingness-to-buy. For the subjects who viewed the outdoor plants, “bee-friendly” and “use of beneficial insects” had greater economic value (with positive part-worth utility scores), but “neonicotinoid-free” and “traditional insect control” both had negative part-worth utility scores, indicating they were valued less and detracted from the dollar value of the plant. The term “bee-friendly” was worth up to five times more to those respondents that had bought a plant in the last 12 months compared with those who had not. Therefore, if ornamental plants are labeled with pest management practices, most consumers value the term “bee-friendly” more and will likely discount products labeled “neonicotinoid-free.”
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Lu, Chensheng, Gary Adamkiewicz, Kathleen R. Attfield, Michaela Kapp, John D. Spengler, Lin Tao i Shao Hua Xie. "Household Pesticide Contamination from Indoor Pest Control Applications in Urban Low-Income Public Housing Dwellings: A Community-Based Participatory Research". Environmental Science & Technology 47, nr 4 (7.02.2013): 2018–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es303912n.
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Wang, Changlu, Amanda Eiden, Richard Cooper, Chen Zha, Desen Wang i Ed Reilly. "Changes in Indoor Insecticide Residue Levels after Adopting an Integrated Pest Management Program to Control German Cockroach Infestations in an Apartment Building". Insects 10, nr 9 (18.09.2019): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10090304.
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Insecticide use in homes leads to human exposure to insecticide residues that persist in the environment. Integrated pest management (IPM) programs have been known to be more environmentally friendly for managing German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) infestations, but their effect on indoor insecticide residue levels are not well understood. An IPM program consisting of applying cockroach gel baits and placing insect sticky traps as the primary treatment methods were implemented. Floor wipe samples were collected from the bedroom and kitchen floors of 69 apartments with German cockroach infestations at 0 months and again at 12 months from 49 of the 69 apartments sampled at 0 months. Levels of 18 insecticide residues were measured. The mean insecticide residue concentration per apartment decreased by 74% after 12 months. The number of insecticides detected per apartment decreased from 2.5 ± 0.2 to 1.5 ± 0.2 (mean ± standard error). Indoxacarb residue was only detected in two apartments at 12 months despite the fact that an average of 32 ± 4 g 0.6% indoxacarb gel bait was applied per apartment. IPM implementation can result in significant reduction in the insecticide residue concentrations and number of detected insecticides in floor dust samples.
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Kulma, Martin, Terezie Bubová, Matthew Paul Davies, Federica Boiocchi i Jiří Patoka. "Ctenolepisma longicaudatum Escherich (1905) Became a Common Pest in Europe: Case Studies from Czechia and the United Kingdom". Insects 12, nr 9 (10.09.2021): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12090810.
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Synanthropic invasive silverfish, Ctenolepisma longicaudatum, has been recently reported to cause nuisance in the indoor environment in many European countries. To get more details on the species distribution, the species occurrence was monitored by the authors in the countries where establishment of C. longicaudatum has been revealed in the last years. In Czechia, 20 findings from 14 municipalities in eight regions were recorded within the last three years. In the United Kingdom, 49 cases, including the first occurrence in Scotland, were recorded. Five cases were recorded for the Republic of Ireland. Domestic settings were the main habitat in the study countries (50.0% for the Czechia and Ireland and 36.8% for the United Kingdom). Regarding C. longicaudatum control, the standard silverfish strategy fails, and the use of insecticidal baits complemented by dust insecticides was suggested as the most promising approach. To reveal presence of C. longicaudatum in Europe, the search of literature, social platforms and databases on invasive species was conducted. According to these sources, the species is known from majority of European countries, when the high increase of records in recent decade was detected.
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Shi, Longqing, Dawei Liu, Liangmiao Qiu, Zhaowei Jiang i Zhixiong Zhan. "Evaluation of the Parasitism Capacity of a Thelytoky Egg Parasitoid on a Serious Rice Pest, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)". Animals 13, nr 1 (20.12.2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13010012.
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Pseudoligosita yasumatsui and Anagrus nilaparvatae are both egg parasitoids of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (BPH). In this study, we obtained a stable strain of P. yasumatsui reproduced via thelytoky through indoor rearing and screening. We assessed the parasitism capacity of this strain on eggs of N. lugens by comparing the parasitism preference and circadian rhythm of this strain to that of A. nilaparvatae, which is proved as the dominant egg parasitoid species of BPH in rice fields. The findings indicated that both egg parasitoids could parasitize fertilized and unfertilized BPH eggs, however, with a significant preference for fertilized eggs. The daily parasitization volume of P. yasumatsui was slightly higher than that of A. nilaparvatae. Both egg parasitoids preferred parasitizing 1–3-day-old BPH eggs, but the parasitism amount of 5–6-day-old BPH eggs by P. yasumatsui is higher than that by A. nilaparvatae. The parasitism events of both species of egg parasitoid wasps occurred primarily from 7:00–15:00 and the parasitism amount at night accounted for less than 15% of the total amount. The results indicate that this strain of P. yasumatsui reproduced via thelytoky could be valuable for rice planthopper control.
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Cojocariu, Ana, i Alina Elena Crîșmaru. "New Data and Recent Updates on Invasive Horticultural Pest Species Acanalonia conica (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) in Romania". Horticulturae 9, nr 8 (21.08.2023): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9080949.
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As a result of increased trade, transportation, and globalization, the phenomenon of growth regarding the entrance of invasive alien species (IAS) represents a serious concern (including flora, fauna, and microbiota). Acanalonia conica (Say, 1830), also known as the green cone-headed planthopper (GCHP), was first identified in the Chrysanthemum collection of the Botanical Garden in Iaşi, Romania. The principal objectives of this article are to update the limited data on the presence of A. conica in Romania, revealing its occurrence in new areas (East Romania, Iași) and on other host plants that were not previously documented in the United States and Europe, as well as to establish the trends of population evolution, with an emphasis on the peak of GCHP population development during the life cycle on East Romania indoor conditions. The evolution of the GCHP population was established using the recorded data on total counts of adults and nymphs observed from a limited area (greenhouse compartment), checked every two days in 115 days of direct observations. The peak of population was established at late-July (25th to 31st day of the month, 30th week of the year) for the conditions of East Romania and it was the appropriate time to monitor the activity of the species, to estimate the damages in specific crops, and to initiate the specific pest control measures. Current findings are significant not only for the general spread of this species in Europe and in Romania but also for the observations regarding new hosts and the population evolution in a greenhouse habitat for the cultivation of ornamental plants.
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Lubna, Farzana A., David C. Lewus, Timothy J. Shelford i Arend-Jan Both. "What You May Not Realize about Vertical Farming". Horticulturae 8, nr 4 (11.04.2022): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040322.
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Vertical farming (VF) is a newer crop production practice that is attracting attention from all around the world. VF is defined as growing indoor crops on multiple layers, either on the same floor or on multiple stories. Most VF operations are located in urban environments, substantially reducing the distance between producer and consumer. Some people claim that VF is the beginning of a new era in controlled environment agriculture, with the potential to substantially increase resource-use efficiencies. However, since most vertical farms exclusively use electric lighting to grow crops, the energy input for VF is typically very high. Additional challenges include finding and converting growing space, constructing growing systems, maintaining equipment, selecting suitable plant species, maintaining a disease- and pest-free environment, attracting and training workers, optimizing the control of environmental parameters, managing data-driven decision making, and marketing. The objective of the paper is to highlight several of the challenges and issues associated with planning and operating a successful vertical farm. Industry-specific information and knowledge will help investors and growers make informed decisions about financing and operating a vertical farm.
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Kavran, Mihaela, Dušan Petrić, Aleksandra Ignjatović-Ćupina i Marija Zgomba. "Evaluation of Different Monitoring Methods for Musca domestica L. 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae) Indoor Population". Contemporary Agriculture 68, nr 3-4 (1.12.2019): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/contagri-2019-0016.
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Summary The housefly Musca domestica is a cosmopolitan insect nuisance pest, also known as a carrier of numerous pathogens both to humans and animals. Animal farms, as a very important source of house flies, simultaneously allow for all stages of their development. Having vast quantities of constantly present manure, pig units represent perfect environment for house fly breeding. This fact, coupled with the known resistance to majority of available insecticides, creates difficulties in house fly control. The present study was performed to evaluate different types of monitoring methods for indoor use: (a) spot deposit records on the cardboard; (b) fly trappings by: glue coated cardboard; (c) sticky fly strips; (d) yellow sticky cards; (e) visual records of flies on the cardboard. This study provided a clear differentiation of efficacy/usefulness of the tested methods for various house fly densities. In animal breeding units or other areas with very abundant fly population, less sensitive methods (traps are less efficient) should be selected. For these circumstances, glued cardboard or yellow sticky cards should be chosen. The “more sensitive” methods, spot cards and sticky fly strips, should be used for lower abundance of the fly population. Except for this purpose, these highly sensitive methods should be selected also in the areas where the flies should not be tolerated at any density. Although the levels of the observed fly activity significantly differ from each other, in the majority of cases they depict the similar trend of the population dynamics and relative density. The only exception to the rule was the visual method, which could not reflect the changes in the population density in the current study.
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Moraes, Carla Pedroso de, i Luis Amilton Foerster. "Toxicity and residual control of Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and insecticides". Ciência Rural 42, nr 8 (sierpień 2012): 1335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782012000800001.
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Plutella xylostella L. is the most important worldwide pest of cruciferous plants and indiscriminate use of insecticides has led to the resistance of the species to different groups. This research was conducted to compare the toxicity and persistence of two strains of Bacillus thuringiensis to P. xylostella larvae. Concentrations between 125 and 500g 100L-1 of water of the commercial products were evaluated and compared to the insect growth inhibitor diflubenzuron and to the neurotoxic pyrethroid deltamethrin. The efficacy of the insecticides was compared between treated plants kept indoor greenhouse and outdoor. Third instar larvae were more susceptible to B. thuringiensis than first instar ones. Agree and Dipel showed similar control rates of third instars until 10 days after treatment, but on the 15th day, Agree was significantly more efficient than Dipel. Both B. thuringiensis formulations showed a reduction in mortality after 10 days when the treated plants were exposed to natural weather conditions in comparison to the same treatments kept inside greenhouse. Dimilin (100g 100L-1 of water) and deltamethrin (30ml of commercial product 100L-1 of water) were not efficient to control third instar larvae of P. xylostella. This inefficiency cannot be attributed to a resistant population of P. xylostella since the larval population used in the experiments was not subjected to insecticide pressure, once the crop was organically cultivated all year round. The results showed that both formulations of B. thuringiensis are sound alternatives for the control of the diamondback moth in organically conducted cruciferous crops, considering the high residual control provided under subtropical weather conditions.
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Chen, Jianjun, Richard J. Henny, Lance S. Osborne, Russell D. Caldwell i Cynthia A. Robinson. "004 Thrips (Hercinothrips femoralis) and Two-spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae) Resistance of Anthurium Cultivars under Interior Conditions". HortScience 35, nr 3 (czerwiec 2000): 388C—388. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.388c.
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Potted anthurium is becoming an important indoor flowering foliage plant because of its unique attractive appearance and continuous growth and flowering under interior conditions. However, an interior environment, with controlled optimal temperatures and relative humidity and living plants, is an ideal niche for pest development. Pests such as thrips and two-spotted spider mite on Anthurium have been great challenges to the interiorscape industry because many pesticides have been rigorously restricted for interior use. Thus, exploiting the genetic potential of cultivar resistance may be the best approach for the control of these pests. In this study, eight of the most popular Anthurium cultivars were evaluated for their resistance to a natural infestation of thrips (Hercinothrips femoralis) and two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) under three light levels: 4, 8, and 16 μmol·m-2·s-1, temperatures of 23.8 to 26.7 °C and a relative humidity of 60%. Results indicated that significant resistant differences exist among cultivars. The cultivars most resistant to thrips were not the most resistant to mite and vice versa. Cultivars that exhibited moderate resistance to thrips were also moderately resistant to mite. Low light intensity appeared to be a factor influencing thrips infestation since control plants that grew under a light intensity of 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 had no observed thrips damage. On the other hand, two-spotted spider mite infestation was not influenced by light intensity.
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Yoon, Junho, Huijun An, Namjin Kim i Jun-Hyung Tak. "Efficacy of Seven Commercial Household Aerosol Insecticides and Formulation-Dependent Toxicity Against Asian Tiger Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae)". Journal of Medical Entomology 57, nr 5 (17.04.2020): 1560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa070.
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Abstract For the indoor and outdoor pest controls, various types of insecticide formulations are available including aerosols, sprays, electric vaporizers, mosquito coils, and traps. In the present study, the insecticidal activity of aerosols, the most commonly used formulation of household insecticides for mosquito control, against Aedes albopictus (Skuse) was assessed using seven commercial products and some attributes which can affect the efficacy of aerosol were investigated as well. The products had difference in their chemical composition of active ingredients, propellant/liquid phase ratios, solvent types, and nozzle orifice sizes, and these characteristics seem to affect the overall insecticidal activity. In general, solvent type dominantly determined the insecticidal activity, where four products in oil-based solvent system showed greater mortality (97.5% in average) than water-based aerosols (38.3% in average) against the mosquitoes located at the far side of the test chamber. The contribution of solvent type and nozzle orifice size were further examined with the sample aerosols, and the orifice size were determined more influential to the spray distance. Regardless of solvent types, the sample products attached to a bigger actuator (0.96 mm in diameter) showed greater knock-down activity (>98%) than the smaller ones (0.48 mm, 62.5% in average) to the back panel in the chamber. On the other hand, solvent system significantly affected the residual activity, as the oil-based and water-based aerosols showed 2.3- and 4.8-fold decrease in KT50 values, respectively, between 1 and 10 min after the spray.
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Kim, C. W., R. E. Go i K. C. Choi. "224 A GROWTH OF HUMAN BG-1 CANCER CELLS EXPRESSING ESTROGEN RECEPTORS WAS ENHANCED BY SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS, LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN AND CYPERMETHRIN, VIA AN ESTROGEN RECEPTOR-DEPENDENT SIGNALING PATHWAY". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, nr 1 (2015): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab224.
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Synthetic pyrethroids (SP) are the most common pesticides in recent use, which are used as indoor pest control. The widespread use of SPs has resulted in extensive exposure to wildlife and human. Recently some SPs are suspected as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) and have been assessed for their potential estrogenicity by various assays. In this study, we examined the estrogenic effects of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and cypermethrin (CP), the most commonly used pyrethroid insecticides in Korea, using BG-1 ovarian cancer cells expressing oestrogen receptors (ER). To evaluate the estrogenic activities of two SPs, LCT and CP, we employed MTT assay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). In MTT assay, LCT (10–6 M) and CP (10–5 M) significantly induced the growth of BG-1 cancer cells, 1.61 ± 0.1 and 1.45 ± 0.06 times, respectively, as 17β-oestradiol (E2, 10–9 M, 2.73 ± 0.25 times) did. LCT or CP-induced cell growth was reversed to a control level (DMSO) by addition of ICI 182 720 (10–8 M), an ER antagonist, suggesting that this effect appears to be mediated by an ER-dependent manner. Moreover, RT–PCR results showed that transcriptional level of ERα expression was significantly down-regulated by LCT and CP as in case of E2. Taken together, these results indicate that LCT and CP may possess estrogenic potentials to stimulate ovarian cancer cells expressing ERs via an ER-dependent manner, and these collective results confirm the carcinogenicity of these SP, LCT and CP, in ER-positive cells or tissues.
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Rodzaj, Wojciech, i Bartosz Wielgomas. "67 Fipronil In Vitro Metabolism Revisited: Microsomal Incubations, Electrochemistry, and Their Relevance to Human Biomonitoring". Annals of Work Exposures and Health 67, Supplement_1 (1.05.2023): i21—i22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxac087.056.
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Abstract Fipronil is a phenylpyrazole insecticide widely used in indoor pest control and treatment of flea and tick infestations in household pets. Its applications may act as a source of exposure and cause negative health effects to humans and environment. Biomonitoring is a crucial tool for assessment of actual chemical exposure. However, this approach requires a biomarker which reflects exposure to parent compound and, preferably, can be detected in urine. Despite the fact a few studies on metabolism and biomonitoring of fipronil were published, there is no consensus on optimal biomarker of fipronil exposure in humans. In this work we attempt to address this issue by investigating the metabolism of fipronil and its selected biotransformation products using microsomal incubations and a purely instrumental approach utilizing thin-layer electrochemical cell equipped with a glassy carbon or boron-doped diamond working electrode. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry experiments were conducted to elucidate the structure of generated metabolites. Moreover, samples from humans probably exposed to fipronil were analyzed as well. A comparison of products obtained using the two aforementioned in vitro approaches was drawn and relevance to in vivo results was discussed. The results presented here shed light on complexity of fipronil metabolism and highlight the possibilities associated with electrochemical studies. However, a large-scale human biomonitoring study is needed to confirm the results obtained in our work.
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Wang, Changlu, Amanda Eiden, Richard Cooper, Chen Zha, Desen Wang i Ed Reilly. "Correction: Wang, C.; et al. Changes in Indoor Insecticide Residue Levels after Adopting an Integrated Pest Management Program to Control German Cockroach Infestations in an Apartment Building. Insects 2019, 10, 304". Insects 10, nr 11 (15.11.2019): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10110406.
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Klechkovskiy, Y., S. Glushkova i O. Palagina. "Thrips are dangerous pests of vegetable crops". Karantin i zahist roslin, nr 7-8 (12.08.2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2019.7-8.5-10.
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Goal. To provide information about dangerous pests of vegetable crops — thrips. To describe the morphology and biology of the pest, the methods of spreading and harmfulness, provide information on the necessary phytosanitary measures to restrict its development and reduce the harmfulness, and to justify the need to use alternative biological methods to control the population of thrips in the conditions of the Southern steppe of Ukraine on an example of the most common of them — tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.).
Methods. Informational and analytical. The collection of information was carried out in accessible specialized literature and the Internet.
Results. The information about sucking pests of vegetable crops - thrips is given. Thrips are known for a long time, they belong to wide polyphages, that is they harm a wide range of cultural and wild plants (from 100 to 400 spesies). On an example of the most common of them — tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) there is given information about the morphology and biology of the pest, the methods of its spreading and harmfulness, as well as the information on the necessary phytosanitary measures for restriction its development and reduction of the harm. This most widespread and dangerous polyphage, due to its close connection with plants, where its entire life cycle develops - from eggs to imago, has inhabited almost all greenhouses. In the natural conditions of the southern region of Ukraine, the tobacco thrips were found on large areas of vegetable crops with the seedling method of their cultivation, mainly cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, cabbage, watermelons, and the like. It harms bulbs in vegetable stores, which leads to a deterioration in the quality of garden plants and gardening material. The reaction of the plant to the damage by the trips is desensitization, which is manifested in growth retardation, distortion and loss of turgor of damaged leaves, which later become yellow and dries. Imago winter, mostly females, in greenhouses - in different slits, and in open ground - in the upper layer of soil at a depth of 7-10 cm, under plant remains or in the rootstock of perennials or weeds. At temperatures below 0 ° С and in the absence of snow cover, insects die. The pest spreads at all stages of development - eggs, larvae, imago - with planting material of vegetable crops (with plants or in soil), transport, containers, workers' tools, their clothes or footwear. This also occurs when collecting, packing and selling contaminated products. This is especially true for cabbage, with which the thrips can get to the greenhouse or indoor plants. In the conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine, the tobacco thrips can develop in open soil at temperatures over 10 ° C during the growing season from the second decade of May to the end of September, causing significant damage to vegetable crops. If this is the case, the pest can give 3-4 to 5-6 generations, depending on the weather conditions. In the population control of tobacco thrips, satisfactory results are received by systematic cultivation of plants with the following insecticides: Akketlik, Aktar, Phyitoverm, Karate Zeon, Confidor Maxi (with irrigation water) and others. It is obligatory to change preparations during the growing season. On the onion fields thrips is successfully reduced with insecticide of natural origin Spintor when using periodic spraying of plants. Because thrips are very resistant pests, therefore, in addition to insecticides, the use of predatory mites Amblyseius cucumeris, A. barken, A. derenerans, as well as predators of Orius laevigatus, O. magusaculus can be used to destroy them. Taking into account that nowadays the protection of vegetable crops takes the direction for the use of biological agents against pests - polyphages, special attention should be paid to the use of natural enemies of the tobacco thrips.
Conclusions. In the natural conditions of the southern region of Ukraine, tobacco thrips were found on large areas of vegetable crops, therefore, there are all reasons for phytosanitary surveys of open-air vegetable crops to detect and eliminate this dangerous pest. Taking into account that nowadays the protection of vegetable crops takes the direction for the use of biological agents against pests - polyphages, special attention should be paid to the use of natural enemies of the tobacco thrips.
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Tomson, A. E., T. V. Sokolova, N. E. Sosnovskaya, V. S. Pekhtereva, I. A. Goncharova, A. A. Arashkova i D. T. Kozhich. "Prospects for the use of modified peat for indoor humidity control". Solid Fuel Chemistry 51, nr 5 (wrzesień 2017): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0361521917050135.
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Kozlova, Ekaterina, Vladimir Moor i Lidiya Krasavina. "Application of phytoseiid mites for whitefly control on roses in the North-West of Russia". BIO Web of Conferences 18 (2020): 00016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201800016.
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Predatory mites Amblyseius swirskii and Neoseiulus cucumeris are considered as effective biocontrol agents against whitefly and thrips in indoors on vegetable crops. Our goal was to assess the effect of these predatory mites on whitefly density on roses indoors in the North-West of Russia. Result showed that the dynamics of the pest population is affected not only by the predator release rate, but also by the time between introductions and their frequency. There was no difference between two species, except one case, when temperatures had risen above 27°C and consequently A. swirskii had a bigger impact on whiteflies than N. cucumeris.
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Susanti, Etik, Aryo Seto Pandu Wiranto, Agus Ismanto i R. C. Hidayat Soesilohadi. "Pengaruh frekuensi ultrasonik terhadap mortalitas serangga perusak kayu Dinoderus minutus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)". Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 19, nr 1 (7.06.2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.19.1.55.
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Dinoderus minutus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is one of the main pests of wood and bamboo borer. Control of these insects is still dependent on the use of insecticides. This study is a preliminary test for the use of ultrasound frequency as a pest control agent. The research aims to study the effect of ultrasonic frequencies on D. minutus mortality. The method used exposure of ultrasonic frequency to imago D. minutus for 7 days and 14 days indoors with temperatures of 28 °C to 29 °C and humidity of 70% to 81%. Significant results for the ultrasonic frequency treatment which resulted in a D. minutus mortality of 80.00% with a duration of 14 days exposure. The results show that ultrasound frequency with the exact durations can be used as a form of D. minutus control.
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Kharraz, Nezha, i István Szabó. "Monitoring of Water Level in Indoor Precision Vegetable Production Systems". Journal of Mechanical, Civil and Industrial Engineering 3, nr 3 (11.12.2022): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jmcie.2022.3.3.11.
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Hydroponics is a growing plant method by adding nutrient-rich solutions. This method does not rely on soil usage; instead, the root system is based on an inert medium such as Rockwool, peat moss, perlite, clay pellets, or vermiculite. The basic interest behind hydroponics is to allow the plant's roots to grow while there is direct contact with the nutrient solution. Access to oxygen must be provided, indeed, as it is essential for proper growth. In this paper, we made the study-design approach of a “greenhouse”, which was a digitally controlled environment device. In this approach, we will see how far we can control the growing process of a plant, together with monitoring the water level. For the experiments, a prototype of the electronic part is constructed. The testing of the “greenhouse” can be used for developing new applications, which will highlight the way we grow food and eliminate pesticide dangers.
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Hadnagy, Wolfgang, Gabriele Leng, Dorothee Sugiri, Ulrich Ranft i Helga Idel. "Pyrethroids used indoors – Immune status of humans exposed to pyrethroids following a pest control operation – a one year follow-up study". International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 206, nr 2 (styczeń 2003): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1438-4639-00201.
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French, J. M., J. J. Randall, R. A. Stamler, A. C. Segura i N. P. Goldberg. "First Report of Anthracnose of Sunflower Sprouts Caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in New Mexico". Plant Disease 97, nr 6 (czerwiec 2013): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-12-0805-pdn.
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In December 2011, edible sunflower sprouts (Helianthus annus) of two different commercially grown cultivars (Sungrown and Tiensvold) exhibiting stem and cotyledon lesions were submitted to the New Mexico State University Plant Clinic for disease diagnosis. The sample originated from an organic farm in Santa Fe County where the grower utilizes a small indoor growing facility. Stem lesions were elongate, reddish brown, and often constricted, resulting in stem girdling. Lesions on the cotyledons were dark brown with tan centers and round to irregular in shape. In some cases, the entire cotyledon was blighted. Fungal hyphae were observed on some lesions using a dissecting microscope. Colletotrichum acutatum was isolated from stem and cotyledon lesions when symptomatic tissue was plated on water agar. Conidia were fusiform ranging from 6.4 to 18.4 μm long and 2.1 to 5.1 μm wide and averaged 11.9 μm × 3.4 μm. Spores were measured from cream-colored colonies produced on acidified potato dextrose agar. PCR amplification and sequence analysis of 5.8S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacers I and II was performed using primers ITS4 and ITS6 (2). An amplification product of approximately 600 base pairs in size was directly sequenced (GenBank Accession No. JX444690). A BLAST search of the NCBI total nucleotide collection revealed a 99% identity to multiple C. acutatum (syn: C. simmondsii) isolates. Four isolates were identified as C. acutatum based on morphological characteristics and DNA analysis. Koch's postulates were performed using four isolates of the pathogen and the two commercial sunflower cultivars (Sungrown and Tiensvold) originally submitted for disease analysis. Sunflower seeds were imbibed in distilled water for 24 h then sewn into peat plugs. Prior to seed germination, 5 ml of a C. acutatum spore solution (1 × 106/ml) from each isolate was applied to five peat plugs using an atomizer. Control plants were inoculated with distilled water and otherwise treated identically. Both sunflower cultivars were inoculated with each isolate of the pathogen and the test was replicated twice. The sewn peat plugs were incubated for 5 days at 21°C and 50% relative humidity. Symptoms similar to the original samples were present on 100% of the sprouts after 5 days. PCR and sequence analysis performed on cultures obtained from lesions showed a 100% match to the original New Mexico isolates fulfilling Koch's postulates. In an indoor organic facility, such as the one in NM, this disease has the potential to be very difficult to manage and the potential to infect a high percentage of the crop resulting in significant economic losses. To our knowledge, this is the second report of C. acutatum on sunflower sprouts in the United States (1) and the first report in New Mexico. References: (1) S. T. Koike et al. Plant Dis. 93:1351, 2009. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al., eds. Academic Press, San Diego, 1990.
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Seyar, Mohammad Hussain, i Tofael Ahamed. "Development of an IoT-Based Precision Irrigation System for Tomato Production from Indoor Seedling Germination to Outdoor Field Production". Applied Sciences 13, nr 9 (29.04.2023): 5556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13095556.
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Proper irrigation management, especially for tomatoes that are sensitive to water, is the key to ensuring sustainable tomato production. Using a low-cost sensor coupled with IoT technology could help to achieve precise control of the moisture content in the plant root-zone soil and apply water on demand with minimum human intervention. An IoT-based precision irrigation system was developed for growing Momotaro tomato seedlings inside a dark chamber. Four irrigation thresholds, 5%, 8%, 12%, and 15%, and two irrigation systems, surface and subsurface drip irrigation, were compared to assess which threshold and irrigation system referred the ideal tomato seedling growth. As a result, the 12% soil moisture threshold applied through the subsurface drip irrigation system significantly (p < 0.05) increased tomato seedling growth in soil composed of a main blend of peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite. Furthermore, in two repeated experiments, a subsurface drip irrigation system with 0.86 distribution uniformity used 10% less water than the surface drip irrigation system. The produced tomato seedlings were transplanted to open fields for further assessment. A low-power wide area networking (LoRaWAN) protocol was developed with remote monitoring and controlling capability for irrigation management. Two irrigation systems, including surface and subsurface drip irrigations, were used to compare which system resulted in higher tomato yields. The results showed that the subsurface drip irrigation system with 0.74 distribution uniformity produced 1243 g/plant, while each plant produced 1061 g in the surface drip irrigation system treatment. The results also indicated that the LoRaWAN-based subsurface drip irrigation system was suitable under outdoor conditions with easy operation and robust controlling capability for tomato production.
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Shoham, Jonathan. "The Rise of Biological Products in the Crop Protection and Plant Nutrition Markets". Outlooks on Pest Management 31, nr 3 (1.06.2020): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_jun_09.
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Biological control agents and biostimulants are niche sectors within the Crop Protection and Plant Nutrition sectors which are experiencing rapid growth, driven by an increasingly favourable regulatory environment, growing pest resistance to conventional products, the pull for sustainable agriculture and technological advances. Whilst there are now more BCAs registered than conventional CP products the products also have some limitations compared with conventional products and the sector remains confined mainly to fruit and vegetables, both indoors (protected crops) and outdoors. Their future growth will be determined by the extent to which their use can be expanded into broad-acre crops. The markets for crop protection (CP) products (such as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides) and fertilizers (including nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and water-soluble potash) are generally considered to be mature. In most significant agricultural economies, these markets show single-digit growth at best. Within these markets, however, are two faster-growing sectors: those based on naturally-derived products. Biological control agents (BCAs) and biostimulants are growing at over 10% a year, according to some estimates BCAs include products such as plant extracts (for control of pests and diseases), insect pheromones (used primarily for mating disruption), predatory insects, and microbial products (often the output of fermentation processes). BCAs also address biotic stresses on crops, such as pests, diseases, and weeds. Biostimulants include amino acids, seaweed-based products, and humic and fulvic acids. These products trigger the processes that enhance nutrient use, increase tolerance to abiotic stress such drought and temperature extremes, enhance availability of confined nutrients in soil, and address quality traits beyond the effects of mineral nutrients. The distinction between BCAs and biostimulants is not always clear. Specific products can exhibit the properties of both categories, as with some plant oils. For regulatory purposes, classification depends on which properties companies claim. Both markets are still relatively niche, with $2 to $3 billion in 2018 sales at the ex-manufacturer level. With hundreds of products, these markets are also complex and fragmented. In comparison, the total CP market is valued at $57 billion and the total chemical fertilizer market has a value of over $100 billion for primary nutrients. BCAs and biostimulants are not new. In the BCA category, commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-based products have been around since the 1960s and pheromones were introduced in the 1970s. Only recently, however, has their popularity increased.
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Koike, S. T. "Southern Blight of Areca Palm (Chrysalidocarpus lutescens) Caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in California". Plant Disease 89, nr 9 (wrzesień 2005): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1012c.
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Areca palm (Chrysalidocarpus lutescens) is a popular ornamental palm that can be grown outdoors in mild climates and is commonly used as an indoor ornamental plant. During 2005, commercial palm producers lost significant numbers of areca palm seedlings grown in transplant trays to a crown rot disease. Initial symptoms consisted of a light brown discoloration of stems near the soil line. As disease progressed, the brown discoloration extended up the stem and down into the crown, foliage became gray green, and the entire plant then dried up and died. Extensive, white, cottony mycelium and numerous sclerotia developed externally on the lower stem, crown, attached palm seed, and surrounding peat moss medium. Mycelial growth was so extensive that the fungus often grew from one transplant tray cell, bridged across the plastic cell border, and into an adjacent transplant cell. Tan, spherical sclerotia measured approximately 1 mm in diameter. Isolations from diseased plants resulted in the recovery of the same white fungus that produced sclerotia. On the basis of sclerotia morphology and the presence of clamp connections at hyphal septa, the fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. Pathogenicity was tested by growing isolates on potato dextrose agar, drying the resulting sclerotia for 48 h, and then depositing 8 to 10 sclerotia at the base of healthy areca palm seedlings. Five isolates were tested using 40 plants per isolate. Non-inoculated controls were also included. All plants were incubated in a greenhouse at 22 to 25°C. After 2 weeks, inoculated plants began to show brown necrosis at the base of the stems; by the third week, plants began to dry up, and mycelium and sclerotia developed on the crowns. S. rolfsii was reisolated from all necrotic crown and stem tissues. Noninoculated controls did not develop any disease symptoms. To my knowledge, this is the first report of southern blight of C. lutescens in California. This disease has been reported on areca palms and other foliage plants in the southern United States and Central and South America (1). Circumstantial evidence (the disease occurred on palm seedlings that were planted in previously unused transplant trays and new peat moss rooting medium) suggests that the pathogen may have been brought in on palm seed. In the nursery, other foliage plants that are susceptible to S. rolfsii were planted in the same rooting medium but were unaffected by southern blight. Reference: (1) A. R. Chase. Compendium of Ornamental Foliage Plant Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 1987.
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Енгалычева, Н. А., Н. Л. Девочкина i Д. И. Енгалычев. "City farming. Intensive Basil Growing Technology". Kartofel` i ovoshi, nr 3 (7.03.2023): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25630/pav.2023.38.15.005.
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Цель работы – подбор сортов, субстрата, а также оптимальных температурных режимов для выращивания базилика на многоярусных гидропонных установках в закрытых помещениях. Научные исследования проводили в 2021–2022 годах на многоярусных гидропонных установках, разработанных и произведенных компанией «Simplevit» (ИП Енгалычев Д.И.) в пгт Ильинский Раменского района. Опыты были заложены в трехкратной повторности по общепринятым методикам. Материалом для исследований послужили 6 сортов базилика с зеленой окраской листьев отечественной и зарубежной селекции (Мариан, Гвоздичный, Карамельный, Стелла, Элидия, Лучано). Многоярусная светодиодная гидропонная установка стеллажного типа, с помощью которой проводились исследования, обладает следующими характеристиками: простотой, мобильностью, не требует почвы, не зависит от сезонов, климатических условий, позволяет выращивать любые сорта растений. Размеры базовой установки: длина – 120 см, ширина – 60 см, высота – 250 см. Наиболее перспективны для получения товарной продукции базилика овощного при выращивании на многоярусных гидропонных установках в закрытых помещениях сорта Гвоздичный (ФГБНУ ФНЦО) и Стелла (Семко). Наилучший субстрат для выращивания базилика на многоярусных гидропонных установках в закрытых помещениях – смесь торфяного субстрата Агробалт-С (80%) и вермикулита (20%). В этом варианте прибавка урожайности по сравнению с контролем на сорте Лучано составила 4,32%, а на сорте Гвоздичный – 4,27%. Урожайность в варианте с применением минераловатных пробок была на 32,97% ниже, чем в контрольном варианте на сорте Лучано и на 40,16% – на сорте Гвоздичный. При температуре воздуха 24–25 °C получение товарной продукции возможно на 30-е сутки от посева, при понижении температуры воздуха скорость прохождения фенологических фаз снижается. Так, при снижении температуры до 21–23 °C период вегетации увеличивается на 3 суток, а при температуре 17–19 °C – на 15 суток. The purpose of the work is the selection of varieties, substrate, as well as optimal temperature conditions for growing basil on multi-tiered hydroponic plants in closed rooms. Scientific research was carried out in 2021–2022 on multi-tiered hydroponic installations developed and manufactured by Simplevit (IP Engalychev D.I.) in the village of Ilyinsky Ramensky district. The experiments were laid down in threefold repetition according to generally accepted methods. The material for research was 6 varieties of basil with green leaves of domestic and foreign selection (Marian, Gvozdichnyi, Karamel'nyi, Stella, Elidiya, Luchano). The multi-tiered LED hydroponic installation of the shelving type, with the help of which the research was carried out, has the following characteristics: simplicity, mobility, does not require soil, does not depend on seasons, climatic conditions, allows you to grow any plant varieties. Dimensions of the basic installation: length – 120 cm, width – 60 cm, height – 250 cm. The most promising varieties for commercial production of vegetable basil when grown on multi-tiered hydroponic plants in closed rooms are Gvozdichnyi (ARRIVG – branch of FSCVG) and Stella (Semko). The best substrate for growing basil on multi-tiered hydroponic plants indoors is a mixture of peat substrate Agrobalt-C (80%) and vermiculite (20%). In this variant, the yield increase compared to the control on the Luchano variety was 4.32%, and on the Gvozdichnyi variety – 4.27%. The yield in the variant with the use of mineral wool plugs was 32.97% lower than in the control variant on the Luciano variety and 40.16% on the Gvozdichnyi variety. At an air temperature of 24–25 °C, it is possible to obtain marketable products for 30 days from sowing, with a decrease in air temperature, the rate of passage of phenological phases decreases. Thus, when the temperature drops to 21–23 °C, the growing season increases by 3 days, and at a temperature of 17–19 °C – by 15 days.
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"Research Watch: Indoor pest control". Environmental Science & Technology 32, nr 11 (czerwiec 1998): 284A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es983554z.
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Liu, Chengkang, Zhiqiang Zhai, Ruoyu Zhang, Jingya Bai i Mengyun Zhang. "Field pest monitoring and forecasting system for pest control". Frontiers in Plant Science 13 (29.08.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.990965.
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Insect pest is an essential factor affecting crop yield, and the effect of pest control depends on the timeliness and accuracy of pest forecasting. The traditional method forecasts pest outbreaks by manually observing (capturing), identifying, and counting insects, which is very time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, developing a method that can more timely and accurately identify insects and obtain insect information. This study designed an image acquisition device that can quickly collect real-time photos of phototactic insects. A pest identification model was established based on a deep learning algorithm. In addition, a model update strategy and a pest outbreak warning method based on the identification results were proposed. Insect images were processed to establish the identification model by removing the background; a laboratory image collection test verified the feasibility. The results showed that the proportion of images with the background completely removed was 90.2%. Dataset 1 was obtained using reared target insects, and the identification accuracy of the ResNet V2 model on the test set was 96%. Furthermore, Dataset 2 was obtained in the cotton field using a designed field device. In exploring the model update strategy, firstly, the T_ResNet V2 model was trained with Dataset 2 using transfer learning based on the ResNet V2 model; its identification accuracy on the test set was 84.6%. Secondly, after reasonably mixing the indoor and field datasets, the SM_ResNet V2 model had an identification accuracy of 85.7%. The cotton pest image acquisition, transmission, and automatic identification system provide a good tool for accurately forecasting pest outbreaks in cotton fields.
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ZHAN Maokui, 展茂魁, 杨忠岐 YANG Zhongqi, 王小艺 WANG Xiaoyi, 唐艳龙 TANG Yanlong, 张彦龙 ZHANG Yanlong, 曹亮明 CAO Liang-ming, 高尚坤 GAO Shangkun, 克热曼 Kereman SEMI, 姜嫄 JIANG Yuan i 魏可 WEI Ke. "Evaluation on control efficiency of bethylid parasitoids on pest insects indoor: A case ofSclerodermussp. (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)". Acta Ecologica Sinica 34, nr 9 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5846/stxb201308062037.
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Asale, Abebe, Menale Kassie, Zewdu Abro, Bayu Enchalew, Aklilu Belay, Peter O. Sangoro, David P. Tchouassi i Clifford M. Mutero. "The combined impact of LLINs, house screening, and pull-push technology for improved malaria control and livelihoods in rural Ethiopia: study protocol for household randomised controlled trial". BMC Public Health 22, nr 1 (10.05.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12919-1.
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Abstract Background The combined application of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are commonly used malaria interventions that target indoor Anopheles vectors. Recent studies on the effects of house screening (HS) and LLINs have demonstrated a reduction in indoor vector densities and malaria when the interventions are combined. In addition, complementary interventions are needed to curb co-occurring pest populations which pose menace to agricultural crop productivity and food security. However, interventions that impact malaria mainly centre on public health strategies, overlooking subtle but important component of agricultural measures. Addressing the coexisting risks of malaria and crop pests could contribute to improved livelihood of communities. Methods A four-armed household, cluster-randomized, controlled study will be conducted to assess the combined impact of HS, LLINs and push-pull agricultural technology (PPT) against clinical malaria in children in Ethiopia. The unit of randomization will be the household, which includes a house and its occupants. A total of 838 households will be enrolled in this study. In this trial 246 households will receive LLINs and HS, 250 will receive LLINs, HS and PPT, 175 households will receive LLINs and PPT. The remaining 167 houses which receive LLINs only will be used as control. One child aged ≤14 years will be enrolled per household in each treatment and followed for clinical malaria using active case detection to estimate malaria incidence for two malaria transmission seasons. Discussion Episodes of clinical malaria, density of indoor biting malaria vectors, sporozoite infection rate, improved crop infestation rate, crop yield gain, livestock productivity and cost effectiveness analysis will be the end points of this study. Socio-economic, social demographic, cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted using qualitative and participatory methods to explore the acceptability of HS and PPT. Documenting the combined impact of LLINs, HS and PPT on the prevalence of clinical malaria and crop pest damage will be the first of its kind. Trial registration Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, PACTR202006878245287. 24/06/2020. https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=11101.
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Lemay, Jason, Youbin Zheng i Cynthia Scott-Dupree. "Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Biological Control Agents Used to Manage Insect Pests in Indoor Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) Cultivation". Frontiers in Agronomy 4 (24.05.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.795989.
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Current biological control strategies in cannabis (Cannabis sativa) cultivation have resulted in poor efficacy for managing certain insect pests. The cannabis industry has grown at a rapid pace, surpassing our ability to develop knowledge on the production systems for this crop. Currently, the research focus is on optimizing agronomic and environmental factors to maximize the yield and quality of cannabis. However, cannabis growers are increasingly challenged by severe insect pest pressure, with few effective options. Decades of research have optimized biological control strategies in other crops. The implementation of effective biological control strategies in cannabis is hindered by a variety of morphological, biochemical, and agronomic factors unique to this crop. Here, we review the rather limited literature relevant to insect pest management in indoor cannabis production. Further, we have identified three factors that we believe are primarily responsible for the ineffectiveness of biological control in cannabis: Plant morphology including trichome density and floral resources, effects of plant biochemistry on prey suitability, and finally the effects of supplemental lighting including photoperiod, intensity, and spectrum. We highlight the importance of prioritizing the evaluation of these factors to improve our understanding of the tritrophic interactions governing the success of biological control in cannabis cultivation. As intensive research efforts are underway to optimize agronomic practices for cannabis, it is also important to consider their relevance to biological control.
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Bibbs, Christopher S. "SEMI-FIELD ULV EVALUATION OF AN ALL-PURPOSE BOTANICAL INSECTICIDE CONTAINING CEDARWOOD AND CINNAMON OILS AGAINST ADULT AEDES AEGYPTI". Journal of the Florida Mosquito Control Association 66, nr 1 (14.01.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/jfmca.v66i1.127624.
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Public health mosquito control operates with only two classes of mosquito adulticides: pyrethroids and organophosphates. Recent work improving the emulsification of essential oils has increased the potential for development of plantderived active ingredients. There is a growing body of literature on essential oils for various roles in mosquito management. NatureCide Pest Management (NCPM), a product available in private and commercial home pest control, uses a mixture of 25.3% cedarwood oil and 12.7% cinnamon oil as a Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) exempt insecticide for both indoor and outdoor use. Recent investigations by the Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County have found other FIFRA exempt products to be effective as a residual spray on vegetation. In continuing the exploration of botanical insecticides, NCPM was used in ULV tests against Aedes aegypti (L.) within its 35-122 ml per L of water label rate. Applications at 35 ml/L resulted in 60-70% knockdown after 1 hr and mortality after 24 hr. Increasing the rate to 70 ml/L resulted in 100% knockdown and mortality across all replications. Crystalline precipitation of the microemulsion was observed in mix tanks after standing for at least 2 wk, but it was not apparent that the efficacy of the product was reduced as a consequence. Cedarwood oil and cinnamon oil are a beneficial combination for ULV adulticiding against mosquitoes and could have a beneficial role for integrated mosquito management.
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Shi, Haonan, Guangsheng Wan, Tingting Wang, Jia Zhu, Lan Jiang, Shaowei Ma, Jian Yao, Zhe Yin, Murizhati Maimaiti i Huijuan Dong. "Prevalence and influencing risk factors of eczema among preschool children in Urumqi city: a cross-sectional survey". BMC Pediatrics 21, nr 1 (16.08.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02819-5.
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Abstract Background Eczema is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with impaired quality of life. We identified indoor environmental risk factors, to provide strong evidence for the prevention and control of eczema in preschool children. Methods Using a cross-sectional study with stratified random cluster sampling, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey among 8153 parents of children aged 2–8 years in 60 kindergartens in six districts of Urumqi city during August 2019. Results Among 8153 preschool children, 12.0% of the children have been diagnosed with eczema. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that caesarean section (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03–1.36), being an only child (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18–1.57), presence of mould or moisture in the mother’s home before pregnancy (OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.17–2.00), presence of flies or mosquitoes in the dwelling currently (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.10–1.55), pets kept in the child’s home currently (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.01–1.51), presence of pets during child’s first year (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.14–1.85), and family history of eczema (OR = 3.53, 95% CI: 2.98–4.19) are the risk factors for the development of eczema, whereas ethnicity other than the Han Chinese (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.96) is a protective factor for eczema. Conclusion Preschool children in Urumqi are at a high risk of eczema, particularly those of the Han Chinese ethnicity. Parents should be attentive to the indoor living environment of children and take actions to reduce indoor humidity, pest control and elimination, and avoid raising pets to reduce the risk of development of eczema in children.
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Jiang, Shan, Xiao-Wei Fu, Shan-Shan Jiang, Xian-Ming Yang, Hui-Yuan Zhao i Kongming Wu. "Effect of X-ray irradiation on development, flight, and reproduction of Spodoptera litura". Frontiers in Physiology 13 (18.07.2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.947848.
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Spodoptera litura is an omnivorous pest that has spread globally. Because irradiation sterilization technology has a great potential for control of S. litura, the effect of 25–150 Gy doses of X-rays on pupal survival, flight and reproductive variables of adult moths were analyzed in this research. The X-ray irradiation with the dose of 25–150 Gy significantly affected the reproductive ability of females. Irradiating male pupae with 25–150 Gy doses of X-rays had no effect on mating, life span, or flight ability of adult moths, but significantly reduced survival and fecundity of their offspring, and the sterility rate of the F1 generation was 52.65%–99.9%. The results of logistic curve fitting showed that the sterility impact was 84% at the most appropriate irradiation dose (71.26 Gy). The sterility control was 91% in an indoor mating competition experiment when the release ratio of irradiated males (75 Gy) to nonirradiated males reached 12.6:1. The effects of X-ray irradiation doses on biological variables of S. litura and the most effective release ratio determined here provide a theoretical foundation for using radiation sterilization technology to control S. litura.
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Ghorbel Koubaa, Fatma, Mariem Chaâbane, Bochra Choura, Mouna Turki, Fatma Makni-Ayadi i Abdelfattah El Feki. "Hepatoprotective Effects of Taraxacum officinale Root Extract on Permethrin-induced Liver Toxicity in Adult Mice". Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research, 17.11.2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/pbr.v6i3.4649.
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Background: Globally, permethrin is used as an insecticide for pest control in indoor environments and in agriculture to enhance food production by eradicating undesirable insects and controlling disease vectors.
Objective: The present study investigated the protective effects of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) on permethrin-induced liver injury in mice.
Methods: Adult mice were divided into four groups. The first group was the negative control group, whereas the second group was the positive control group that received dandelion through the diet at 2% (corresponding to a dose of 5 g/kg bw). The third group received permethrin (96 mg/kg bw) by gavage, whereas the fourth group received permethrin and a diet enriched with dandelion (cotreatment). All mice were sacrificed after 14 days of treatment.
Results: Biomarkers of liver toxicity (AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH activities and bilirubin level) increased following permethrin treatment. Permethrin induced oxidative stress, which was indicated by an increase in MDA and GSH levels as well as GPx activity and a decrease in SOD activity. Permethrin treatment caused histological alterations in the liver, whereas co-treatment with dandelion reduced liver injury. Our results revealed that alterations of biochemical parameters and liver histological profile in mice following permethrin exposure were reversed towards normalization by the treatment with dandelion roots extract.
Conclusion: The protective effect of this plant might be due to its antioxidant capacity.
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Zhang, Ganyu, Haibin Wu, Lili Jiang, Junbao Wen, Wensheng Zhang i Ruihong Sun. "Effects of supplemental nutrients on ovarian development and oviposition in Conogethes punctiferalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)". Environmental Entomology, 15.04.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvad034.
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Abstract Conogethes punctiferalis is a serious pest in China affecting a wide variety of field crops, fruits, and forest trees. Many insects require supplemental nutrients after emergence to compensate for insufficient nutrients at the larval stage. In this study, to better understand the determinants of C. punctiferalis survival and reproduction, the impact of supplemental nutrition was examined. In particular, the effects of 11 treatments (5% sucrose, 10% sucrose, 15% sucrose, 5% sophora honey, 10% sophora honey, 15% sophora honey, 5% wild honey, 10% wild honey, 15% wild honey, distilled water, and blank control) on adult longevity and oviposition were evaluated, with detailed morphological analyses of ovarian development in the 10% sucrose, distilled water, and blank control groups. Conogethes punctiferalis required supplementary nutrition after emergence. Supplementary nutrition improved fecundity (number of eggs laid) and longevity, and 10% sucrose water had the greatest effects. The preoviposition period and oviposition period of C. punctiferalis females were longer, and the numbers of eggs in female ovarian tubes and eggs laid by females were higher in the 10% sucrose water group than in other groups. Females supplemented with distilled water laid a small number of eggs. Without nutrient supplementation, females did not lay eggs. In conclusion, supplemental nutrition was beneficial for ovarian development in female moths, prolonging the oviposition period and lifespan, and was an important factor affecting population dynamics. These results lay a foundation for further analyses of the nutritional requirements for C. punctiferalis in the field and provide a reference for indoor population feeding.
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Danjou, Aurélie M. N., Olivia Pérol, Astrid Coste, Elodie Faure, Rémi Béranger, Helen Boyle, Elodie Belladame i in. "Domestic use of pesticides during early periods of development and risk of testicular germ cell tumors in adulthood: a French nationwide case-control study". Environmental Health 20, nr 1 (28.10.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-021-00795-y.
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Abstract Background Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCT) are the most frequent cancers in young men in developed countries and their incidence rate has doubled worldwide over the past 40 years. Early life exposures to pesticides are suspected to increase TGCT risk. Our research aimed at estimating adult TGCT risk associated with parental domestic use of pesticides during early periods of child development. Methods We conducted a case-control study of 304 TGCT cases, aged 18–45 years old, recruited in 20 French university hospitals, and 274 controls frequency-matched on hospital and birth year. Participants’ mothers provided information on their domestic use of pesticides from 1 year before start of pregnancy to 1 year after their son’s birth, for gardening activities, treatment of indoor plants, pets, wood and mold, and pest control. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT (overall and by histological subtype) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Results Prevalence of reported domestic use of pesticides was 77.3% for insecticides, 15.9% for fungicides and 12.1% for herbicides. While no association was found for any use of insecticides (OR = 1.27, CI = 0.80–2.01) or herbicides (OR = 1.15, CI = 0.67–2.00), elevated risks of TGCT overall (OR = 1.73, CI = 1.04–2.87) and non-seminoma subtype (OR = 2.44, CI = 1.26–4.74) were observed for any use of fungicides. When specific purposes were examined, using fungicides and/or insecticides for woodwork (OR = 2.35, CI = 1.06–5.20) and using insecticides on cats and dogs (OR = 1.95, CI = 1.12–3.40) were associated with increased risk of non-seminoma subtype. We found no association for seminoma subtype. Conclusions Although recall bias may partially explain the elevated ORs, our study provides some evidence of a positive association between domestic use of pesticides during early periods of development, particularly fungicides and risk of adult TGCT and non-seminoma. Given the common domestic use of pesticides in France, further research on TGCT risk is warranted.
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Manzoor, Farkhanda, Rooma Adalat, Tallat Anwar Faridi, Wafa Fatima, Muhammad Moazzam, Ayesha Qudus Sagg Qudus Saggu, Syed Bilal Hassan, Ahmer Shehzad, Iqra Hamid Khan Hamid Khan i Saleem M. Rana. "Susceptibility of Aedes Aegypti Against Various Insecticides in Lahore, Pakistan". Asian Journal of Allied Health Sciences (AJAHS), 19.03.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52229/ajahs.v5i4.787.
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Dengue fever is an arbo-viral infection, widespread all over the world. In 21th Century, there is no safe affordable and effective vaccine accessible yet; vector control is that most effective method for the control of the disease
Objective: To determine the susceptibility status of wild and laboratory strains larvae and adults of Aedes aegypti against different group of insecticides in Lahore city.
Method: From Lahore sites, larvae were collected where insecticides used for wild strain at high frequency and quantity. The Insectary of National Institute of Malaria Research and Training (NIMRT), Lahore, Pakistan, adults and larvae were collected for laboratory strain.The laboratory strains for larvae bioassays were used. The mosquitoes populations indoor and outdoor collected in 2009, hatched from larvae into adults insectary in Lahore, Pakistan. During this study, four major insecticides groups are used which include Pyrethroids (Deltamethrine 2.5% SC), Neonicotenoids (Imidacloprid 5% SC), Phenyl-pyrazoles (Fipronil 2.5% EC) and Organophosphates dichlorvos (DDVP 50% EC). For data analysis, Minitab statistical software (Version 13.20) used for data expressed as mean ± S.E.M from bioassays. By using EPA Probit, LC was estimated with 95% confidence. The 50 statistically significant p value was <= 0.05. For comparing the concentrations of insecticides, Duncan's multiple range tests was used with significant difference (5% level) using at New Costat.
Results: Different location of Lahore samples, Imidacloprid the most toxic to Aedes aegypti's wild strains on the other hand while Fipronil was also active for wild larval samples. Deltamethrine showed least activity against both adults and larval strains. The susceptibility of the eld strains was lower than laboratory strains; resistant ratio varies from insecticide to insecticide. In reporting results, mosquitos' population was resistance because of infrequent and incomplete coverage.
Conclusions: This study concluded that Pyrethroids and agriculture pest control play role in indirect growth of insecticides' classes. Based on this study it is suggested that by using new strategies to prevent and delay in growth of insecticides will helpful in Lahore, city, Pakistan.
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Yang, Xiao, Allison Justice i Curt Colburn. "First report of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing stem canker on industrial hemp in South Carolina, USA". Plant Disease, 12.05.2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-23-0700-pdn.
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On Jun. 20th, 2022, thirty industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants (cv. Peach Haze) were vegetatively propagated, grown in a greenhouse for 21 days, and transplanted to a field at The Hemp Mine located in Fair Play, SC. Near the time of harvest (Nov. 17th, 2022), significant mycelial growth was noticed within the floral structure on 30% of plants. Three diseased plants were submitted to the Clemson University Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic. Stem cankers were observed on all three plants. Sclerotia typical of Sclerotinia spp. were found inside the stems of two plants. Two pure isolates were obtained by placing a sclerotium from each plant onto an acidified potato dextrose agar (APDA) plate and transferring a hyphal tip to a new APDA plate. After a 7-day-long growth at 25°C under a 24-h photoperiod, both isolates (22-1002-A and B) produced white and sparse mycelia and dark brownish to blackish sclerotia typical of S. sclerotiorum (aver. 36.5 per 90-mm plate). Sclerotia (n=50) were spherical (46%), oval (46%), or irregular (8%) and measured 1.8 to 7.2 × 1.6 to 4.5 mm (aver. 3.6 ± 1.2 × 2.7 ± 0.6 mm). No spores were produced. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region including the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene (GenBank accession no. OQ749889) and the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases (G3PDH) gene (OQ790148) of 22-1002-A are 99.8% and 100% identical to those of a S. sclerotiorum isolate LAS01 on industrial hemp (MW079844 and MW082601; Garfinkel 2021). The G3PDH sequence of 22-1002-A is also 100% identical to that of ATCC 18683 (JQ036048), an authenticated S. sclerotiorum strain used for whole genome sequencing (Derbyshire et al. 2017). Ten healthy ‘Peach Haze’ plants (approx. 10 to 15” tall) grown in 6” pots were used in a pathogenicity test. The epidermis layer of each main stem was slightly wounded (2 × 2 mm2, 1 mm deep) using a sterile dissecting blade. A 5 × 5 mm2 mycelial plug of 22-1002-A was placed onto the wound of each of five plants, while APDA plugs were used for five control plants. Parafilm was used to secure mycelial and sterile agar plugs. All plants were maintained in an indoor controlled environment (25°C, >60% humidity, 24-h photoperiod). Stem cankers were visible on all inoculated plants 5 days after inoculation (DAI). Four of the five inoculated plants had noticeable yellowing and wilting on the foliage 9 DAI, while control plants remained asymptomatic. Elongated and tan-colored cankers (44.3 to 86.2 mm long, aver. 63.1 ± 18.3 mm) were developed at the wounded sites of inoculated plants. Wounded sites of control plants remained green in color and only slightly expanded in length (aver. 3.6 ± 0.8 mm). Tissue was excised from the canker margin of each inoculated plant and the wounded site of each control plant, surface sterilized with 10% bleach for 1 min, rinsed in sterile water, placed onto APDA, and incubated at 25°C. Sclerotia-producing colonies typical of S. sclerotiorum were recovered from all inoculated plants after 6 days, but not from any control plants. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum has a host range of more than 400 plant species (Boland and Hall 1994). This fungus causing stem canker on industrial hemp were reported from MT (Shaw 1973) and OR (Garfinkel 2021) in the USA and Canada (Bains et al. 2000). This is the first report of this disease in SC. Industrial hemp is an emerging crop in SC. The detection of this disease helps SC growers to take actions to monitor and prevent disease outbreak as well as develop an effective management practice when it occurs.