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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Indonesia Economic conditions 1997-"
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Goeltom, Miranda Swaray. "Balance Sheet Vulnerability and Macroeconomic Management in Indonesia". Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 7, nr 2 (25.06.2013): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5575.
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The economic and financial crises hitting Indonesia in 1997 have triggered a significant economic downturn. A critical issue addressed is how common shocks during crisis period have brought about macroeconomic outcome. The paper briefly discusses the problems, response and lessons learnt in the country’s effort to restore the economy to its long-term potential growth path. By examining balance sheet conditions across sectors in the economy, it is shown that even though some progress has been achieved, overall balance sheet conditions are still vulnerable to further shocks that may hit the economy, so that efforts to restore economic growth and stability face substantial challenges. Considering these constraints, Indonesian macroeconomic policy makers focus their efforts on strengthening financial markets, among others, by developing bond markets and implementing banking architecture. However, various constraints will remain unless the government speeds up the necessary reforms, mostly institutional in nature.
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Kurniawati, Tri, Naili Sa’ida, Wahono Wahono i Panji Hermoyo. "Peningkatan Produktivitas Pengusaha Tempe". Aksiologiya: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, nr 2 (7.03.2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/aks.v2i2.2406.
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The economic crisis hit the world which had a direct impact to worsen economic conditions in Indonesia. Economic conditions from 1997 to 1998, only MSMEs were able to survive. One form of MSMEs in rural areas is tempe business. Tempe is one of the original foods from Indonesia, which comes from fermented soybeans. Tempe is a daily food consumed by almost all Indonesian people. Tempe is a food that is consumed almost every day by people in the Pilangkenceng sub-district. Most are consumed as side dishes and are also used as souvenirs (tempe chips). Community service activities include holding meetings, conducting FGDs, handing over tools and monitoring. The results of this assistance include 2 aspects, namely management aspects and production aspects. Conclusion The Community Partnership Program needs to be done as the role of lecturers to improve the community Community Partnership Program is able to increase the amount of production and competitiveness of Partners.
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Safitri, Rina, Sugiyanto Sugiyanto i Sri Sulistijowati Handajani. "Model Deteksi Krisis Indonesia dengan Indikator Suku Bunga Simpanan Riil". Majalah Ilmiah Bijak 16, nr 2 (25.09.2019): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31334/bijak.v16i2.510.
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The financial crisis is a condition where a country's finances experience a disruption which is characterized by a drastic increase in the inflation rate, a weakening currency exchange rate, and a decrease in other economic activities. Indonesia experienced financial crises in 1997 and 1998 which resulted in a collapse of financial conditions and national stability. Therefore, it is necessary to have a model to find out the crisis, so that efforts to recover the impact of the crisis can be done as early as possible from the model. This study aims to apply the Markov Switching Error Correction Model to detect a crisis. Based on the indicator of real deposit interest rates it can be concluded that the MS-ECM can explain the crisis that occurred in mid-1997 and late 2005
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Remi, Sutyastie S., i Bayu Kharisma. "Impact of Economic Situation on Availability of Secondary Education in Indonesia". Integration of Education, nr 4 (28.12.2018): 596–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.093.022.201804.596-611.
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Introduction. School transition is important as a benchmark for education progress in many developing countries, including Indonesia. Moreover, the school transition has been identified as a crucial turning point in school progress in Indonesia. The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of income, gender against the school transition in Indonesia. Materials and Methods. Methods in this research were conducted in two phases, fixed effect and conditional logit. The data used are from the Indonesian Family Life Survey and to capture the occurrence of several events in Indonesia with the risk associated with economic crisis in Indonesia against school transition. Results. A sharp permanent income decrease shock will have a larger effect upon parental investment than one realized later in the child’s lifetime and the effect of permanent household income shocks is significant and decreases in older childhood, as predicted by the permanent income hypothesis. When household income is faced with shocks constraint conditions of loans and credit market imperfections, girls tend to be used as a coping strategy to support private consumption in doing consumption smoothing, especially transition from primary to junior secondary education. Discussion and Conclusion. Permanent income have long-term consequences of the decision-making process in the school transition. Girls experienced an increase in continuing education, especially at higher levels. Furthermore, when household income is faced with shocks constraint conditions of loans and credit market imperfections, girls tend to be used as a coping strategy to support private consumption in doing consumption smoothing. Keywords: complete secondary education, role of income, gender, fixed effect, conditional logit, school transition
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Pertiwi, Kanti, i Susan Ainsworth. "From ‘sick nation’ to ‘superpower’: Anti-corruption knowledge and discourse and the construction of Indonesian national identity (1997–2019)". Organization 28, nr 5 (wrzesień 2021): 773–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13505084211015368.
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Anti-corruption knowledge and discourse emerged in the mid-1990s promoted by powerful international actors and organizations, mostly targeting countries in the ‘Third World’. In this paper, we seek to decolonize this knowledge and show how it influences the construction of national identity of former colonies. Our case is a country with a reputation as one of the most corrupt in the world: Indonesia. Long celebrated in the West for its economic growth and political stability, in 1997 the Asian Financial Crisis forced Indonesia to accept financial aid from the International Monetary Fund accompanied by harsh conditions that resulted in domestic turmoil. Using discourse-historical method, we trace how national identity was constructed in The Jakarta Post from 1997 through two decades of Western-influenced corruption-related reform. Our findings show how acceptance of Western anti-corruption discourse and knowledge early on contributed to highly negative internal constructions of Indonesian national identity, but over time, this gave way both to more positive self-presentations as well as greater critique and contestation of this knowledge. Moreover, alternative rationales for anti-corruption were asserted that drew from shared understandings of Islam and Indonesia’s independence. Overall, we show how this type of internationally dominant management and organizational knowledge (MOK) colonized how Indonesia was imagined but that contestation was possible, enabled by improvements in economic circumstances. We conclude by arguing that to understand the colonizing effects of MOK, it is necessary to look at the impact of management knowledge beyond the boundaries of organizations, including at the level of national identities.
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Lindblad, J. Thomas. "The Economic Decolonisation of Indonesia: a Bird�s-eye View". Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities 4 (25.03.2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v4i0.71.
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An oft-quoted statement by the Indonesian nationalist leader Haji Agus Salim runs as follows: The economic side of the Indonesian Revolution has yet to begin. (Higgins, 1957: 102, cited in Lindblad, 2008: 2). The statement was made shortly before or shortly after the transition of sovereignty from Dutch colonial rule on 27 December 1949. At long last, the Netherlands had acknowledged that Indonesia was independent, which brought the Indonesian Revolution to its logical conclusion. But, by the conditions laid down at the Round Table Conference in The Hague in late 1949, the interests of Dutch private capital were still omnipresent in the Indonesian economy. In addition, the Indonesian government was obliged to consult the Netherlands government in matters affecting the economy until the debt of the former colony to the metropolitan mother country had been repaid in full. As Haji Agus Salim rightly stressed, economic and political decolonisation did not coincide but followed different historical trajectories.This contribution offers an abridged account of the process of economic decolonisation as it unfolded between 1945 and 1959, from the proclamation of independence until the nationalisation of the vast majority of Dutch-owned companies that had retained operations in Indonesia after independence.1 Four themes serve as devices tofurther our understanding of the process of economic decolonisation. These four themes, in order of appearance, are below: the new spirit in Indonesian economic life following the transfer of sovereignty; the changing climate of economic policy-making during the 1950s; the response and accommodation by remaining Dutch companies; and, finally, the concluding phase of expropriation and nationalisation.A couple of points of departure need to be spelled out. The ideological basis of the thrust towards economic decolonisation in Indonesia was provided by a small booklet, Ekonomi Indonesia, which made a very timely appearance in 1949. Its subtitle, Dari ekonomi kolonial ke ekonomi nasional, carried an immediate appeal to contemporary public discourse, offering the briefest possible summary of what economic decolonisation in Indonesia was all about. For the remainder, the book offered very little concrete guidance (Hadinoto, 1949). A second point of departure may be traced in the international historiography on Indonesian decolonisation, notably John Sutters voluminous PhD dissertation on domestic developments up to the general election in 1955 (Sutter, 1959). Although providing a wealth of information from government sources and press material, Sutters survey offers little on the fate of private business enterprises; in addition, he did not consult Dutch-language sources. Yet another point of departure in our quest to better understand economic decolonisation in Indonesia is, of course, the wider international context of the Cold War. Decolonisation in Indonesia, whether political or economic, did not take place in a vacuum but was intrinsically linked to Indonesias efforts to position itself in the tension between the Western powers and the Soviet bloc. Just as Sukarnos young republic secured American support against the returning Dutch by heavy-handedly crushing the Communist uprising in Madiun in 1948; did increasing flirtation with the Soviet bloc during the Guided Democracy period alienate Indonesia from the internationalcommunity and bring flows of incoming foreign investment to a virtual standstill?
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Hadi Prabowo, Bambang, Ema Sulisnaningrum i Sri Harnani. "FINANCIAL CRISIS AND USURY IN DIGITAL ECONOMIC". JBFEM 4, nr 1 (26.05.2021): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32770/jbfem.vol427-46.
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This paper investigates the inadequate evidence of usury in the economy in ASIA 5, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, China, and South Korea, to answer why major religions (Islam, Christianity, Judaism) prohibit usury. We use a qualitative research method of content analysis by collecting several justifiable evidence using source triangulation and method triangulation and combining with quantitative content analysis, which quantifies the qualitative findings and analyzes them quantitatively using Threshold Autoregressive. It is a proxy for forecasting future economic conditions considering each exchange rate regimes and the period of crisis experienced by the five countries. We found that the higher the riba proxied by the interest rate, the more burdening the five countries to recover from the crisis. Moreover, we find that the concept of sharia, which is proxied by direct investment, can boost the economy and can increase economic resilience against the financial crisis, which was evident in three countries, namely Thailand, Malaysia, and China, during the Asian crisis period (1997) to the digital economy era (2020).
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Diana Nugrahent, Bemadetta, i Mas'ud Machfoedz. "STUDI PRICE EARNINGS RATIO ANTAR SEKTOR INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR". EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 8, nr 1 (13.01.2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2004.v8.i1.2024.
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The Economic crisis that broke in Indonesia since the mid-year of 1997 caused a lot of business losses. This condition brings effect to the investors to determine their portfolio. One of most popular financial indicator that usually used to predict the business prospect and risk is price earnings ratio (PER). This study is peiformed to find whether PER between manufacturing industrial sectors differ before and after the year 1997. By using two ways ANOVA analysis, so the result of the analysis proved that before and after the year 1997, PER between manufacturing industrial sectors were different. The different were caused by economic crisis. Beside that, this study also peiformed a test of consistency of variables that influence the different of PER for those two condition, before and after the year 1997. The variables that used consist of income smoothing index, beta, financial leverage, earnings growth, ROE, and size. Manufacturing industrial sectors were used as a dummy variable. By using the multiple linier regression analysis, so those six variables that used thrown together could explain the change of PER. The variable of income smoothing index, earnings growth, ROE, and size significantly influence PER at the condition before the year 1997. In other side, after the year 1997, the variable offinancial leverage, and size significantly influence PER. The Third manufacturing industrial sector is significant for those two conditions, before and after the year 1997.
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Simanjuntak, Presli Panusunan, i Agus Safril. "Analisa Angin Zonal dan Meridional Dalam Menentukan Awal Musim Hujan di Kota Jambi". Jurnal Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika 8, nr 1 (31.01.2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtaf.v8i1.2322.
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In Indonesia, prediction models for the beginning of the rainy season have not developed intensively. Jambi City is the capital of Jambi Province as it has quite extensive rainfed gardens / fields and rice fields and contributes significantly to the economy of Jambi Province. Jambi City really needs an accurate prediction of the start of the rainy season to support the economic continuity through agriculture and plantations. This study aims to analyze the zonal and meridional wind components in the 1000 mb layer in determining the start of the rainy season in the city of Jambi. The prediction of the beginning of the season using zonal and meridional winds will be divided into 2 conditions, namely when the normal conditions of monthly rainfall in 1997-2017 and when the El Nino conditions are strong in 1997/1998 and 2015/2016. Based on data processing for 1997-2017, it shows that the beginning of the rainy season is December when the zonal wind speed is highest. In this study, the zonal wind component is more dominant than the meridional wind component in determining the start of the rainy season. However, when conditions are el nino, the zonal wind component is not good to become
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Johadi, Johadi, Kresno Sarosa Pribadi, Ahmad Daerobi i Nunung Sri Mulyani. "Economic Liberalization Impact, Fiscal Conditions, and Tax Ratio to Welfare". JEJAK 12, nr 1 (10.03.2019): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v12i1.18554.
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Global economy has currently integrated and has been interdependent between the developing and developed countries. The improved integration and interdependence level is expected to improve citizens’ welfare. This study aims at testing the correlation between fiscal and trade policies and welfare in ASEAN countries + 3 countries (Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos + Japan, China, and Korea). It used the secondary data from World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Economist Intelligence Unit from 1990 to 2015. The analysis uses the POLS-ECM (Panel Ordinary Least Square-Eagle Granger Error Correction Model). The results of analysis show that economic growth, infrastructure capital expenditure, economic openness, and tax ratio had a significant effect on welfare ASEAN + 3 countries
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Indonesia Economic conditions 1997-"
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Wahyuni, Ekawati Sri. "The impact of migration upon family structure and functioning in Java". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw1368.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 444-460). A study based on a case study with integrated macro and micro approaches to investigate some effects of the development and industrialisation processes in Indonesia.
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Mamahit, Desi Albert. "Indonesia : the economic crisis 1997-1998". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA350161.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, June 1998.Thesis advisor(s): K.L. Terasawa, Bill Gates. "June 1998." Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-181). Also available online.
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Sumner, Andrew P. "The social impact of the 1997-8 economic crisis in Indonesia". Thesis, London South Bank University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573008.
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In 1996, Indonesia had experienced over thirty years of rapid economic growth. Then, in 1997/8 Indonesia went through one of the worst financial and economic crashes in recent history. This thesis is an impact assessment of the social consequences of the 1997/8 crisis in Indonesia. Impacts are analysed within a Rights based approach to development based on a broadened definition of the 2015 international development targets utilising secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics. These are supplemented with a small-scale survey. The thesis argues that although Indonesia's economic development between 1965 and 1996 was real, social progress was not as strong as previously thought. The degree of severity of the social impact of the crisis was then a function of pre-crisis poverty. In particular, before the crisis there were a large number of households just above the poverty line and many education, health and environmental poverty indicators were weak. During the crisis, as a result of the hyperinflation and retrenchments, real wages fell heavily and the (income) poverty headcount increased significantly, as did poverty severity. Few areas or social groups escaped completely unscathed. Those provinces that were worst hit were those more closely tied to the global economy through international investment. Households compensated for the income loss through expenditure adjustments and there was a large increase in the labour force in agriculture and the informal sector. Impacts on education, health and environmental poverty were noticeable in some provinces but minimal at national level. The thesis is a contribution to knowledge at three levels. Firstly, it bridges a gap in the existing body of literature as no study has analysed systematically and in-depth the impact of the 1997/8 financial crisis on multifaceted dimensions of poverty in Indonesia. Secondly, it argues that the accepted view of the distribution of social impacts in Indonesia is not satisfactory when data are critically re-examined. Thirdly, the research models a 'poverty transmission mechanism' to link the macro-economy financial crisis to social impact at household level. The dissertation consists of two parts. In part one. the background and context of the research is established. Part two contains the substantive crisis analysis.
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Lee, Ka-yan Vivian, i 李家欣. "Who will be hercules in the 21st century?: economic and social development : a comparative study of Hong Kongand Singapore". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953116.
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Zain, Rinduan. "Ethnicity and access to economic and governmental resources in Indonesia". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19703.
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Against the background of Indonesia's ethnic resurgence and social cleavage in the wake of the fall of Soeharto regime in mid-1998, this thesis seeks to identify the factors that have led to a particular incidence of this discord: the perceived inequity in access to economic and governmental resources, i.e., access to jobs in the public sector and to public health services. Taking modernization theory as its framework, the thesis compares the ascribed factor, i.e., Javanese or non-Javanese ethnicity, and certain other factors, i.e., level of education, region of origin and place of residence (urban or rural area) and evaluates the resulting data. The thesis argues that respondents who have a high level of education, live in a region closest to a national center and reside in an urban area, which are relatively more exposed to modernization, are better off in terms of access to economic and governmental resources regardless of their ethnic membership.
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Rubino, Chiara. "Aid, the public sector and the real exchange rate : the case of Indonesia". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108481/.
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In 1965 the New Order Government took office in Indonesia, following years of severe economic turmoil. Since then the Indonesian economy has performed well, owing much to large oil export revenues and appropriate economic policies. This thesis presents a study of the Indonesian economy focused on three main themes: aid, the public sector and the real exchange rate (RER). In particular, we emphasise aid effectiveness on fiscal behaviour and on the RER. The thesis is organised in five chapters. Chapter 1 presents a synthetic overview of the main episodes in Indonesian economic history. Chapter 2 reviews theoretical and empirical issues on aid. Chapter 3 presents a dynamic model of government behaviour aimed at assessing aid’s impact on fiscal budget and on other real variables in the Indonesian economy. Following Heller’s seminal contribution (1975) and White’s new insights (1993), we insert the government sector into a simple macroeconomic framework: a constrained utility maximising framework which allows for feedback effects through higher income and dynamic linkages. The model is tested for the Indonesian case over the period 1968-93 and the estimated parameters are used to carry out a simulation exercise. We conclude with a positive assessment of aid giving, provided it is given in loans. Loans are found to encourage tax collection, public and private investment and consumption. Exchange rate management has played a significant role in Indonesia as an instrument to ensure competitiveness during and after the oil boom. Chapter 4 analyses the behaviour of the RER for the Indonesian rupiah and offers a theoretical and statistical background. Unit root testing has been extensively used to test for stationarity. We have consistently rejected the hypothesis of RER stationarity, except in those cases in which the full sample series have been used and/or two breaks have been allowed. Chapter 5 presents a modelling approach to RER determination. Following Edwards (1989), we present an econometric model of the RER and develop an extension of it in terms of the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). Central to the analysis is the role of fundamentals, in particular aid and the price of oil, in determining the RER. The estimated parameters are then used to construct the equilibrium RER in order to study RER misalignment. Simulations are also carried out to investigate the impact of exogenous shocks and policy options on the RER. Results show that the Indonesian RER suffered from misalignment especially during the oil boom and until the early 1990’s. We also find that aid and the real price of oil do matter: both act as fundamental determinants of RER behaviour and contribute to RER stability, a finding confirmed by the simulation exercise. Interestingly, aid and government consumption appear to influence in differences and not in levels the RER.
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Samimi, Saeed. "Oil and economic development in Iran". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63384.
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Weinerman, Michael Alexander 1983. "Misleading Modernization: A Case for the Role of Foreign Capital in Democratization". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11986.
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x, 84 p. : ill.Modernization theory posits that economic growth and democratization are mutually constitutive processes. I extend a recent literature that finds this relationship to be spurious due to the existence of a number of international factors, specifically the role of foreign capital. Through two-stage least square (2SLS) regressions for as wide a sample as the data allow and two case studies (Indonesia and the Philippines), I find that the presence of US capital significantly influences domestic political institutions. This relationship, however, is non-linear and interrelated with exogenous shocks.
Committee in charge: Tuong Vu, Chairperson; Craig Parsons, Member; Karrie Koesel, Member; Will Terry, Member
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Habibie, Hasnawaty, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College i School of Environment and Agriculture. "Participatory action research to improve the livelihood of rural people through livestock production in South Sulawesi, Indonesia". THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Habibie_H.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/570.
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This research was conducted within the context of smallholder livestock production and government attempts to improve this through a transfer of technology approach. Participatory action research (PAR) was used to enable action for change to emerge, while the research provided understanding and a basis for this action. Tombolo village in South Sulawesi, Indonesia was the location for this research, which first identified the problems and needs of the farmers, and then participatively developed strategies to meet these needs. Fodder security throughout the year was found to be the major constraint to cattle production. Forage technology was introduced, including fodder tree legumes and grasses, resulting in improved livestock production and many associated livelihood benefits. The introduction of these new technologies was adapted by stakeholders to local issues and needs. The extension services had previously aimed to improve livestock production through breeding and veterinary health measures, and had assumed that sufficient fodder was available for livestock. The formation of a learning group of farmers, who used group discussion to set their own agenda, was employed to identify this shortcoming, and how to sustainably overcome it. Participants were able to apply their experience and enhance their cognitive skills to find new meanings and knowledge to plan and take actions to improve their practice and situation. This thesis documents the process of change required to move from a “Transfer of Technology” approach to a “learning approach”. The research has shown that there is considerable potential for the application of PAR to rural community development in Indonesia. More specifically in Tombolo village PAR enabled farmers and extension staff to be empowered by becoming active participants in the research process and take action to improve their own practice. It helped them to analyse the situation to make the technology more appropriate, while also learning how to change the extension methods used towards one in which all stakeholders became partners in developing their situationDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Usman, Abdullah. "Socio-economic factors influencing farmers' adoption of a new technology : the case study on the groundwater pump irrigation in Lombok, Indonesia". Title page, Abstract and Contents only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09au86.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 146-153. This thesis analyses factors influencing farmers use of groundwater pump irrigation in Lombok, Indonesia. It aims to identify the determinants of the speed of technology adoption, to identify factors affecting the levels of water use and to estimate the state of water use by comparing the actual water use to the estimated optimal water use.
Książki na temat "Indonesia Economic conditions 1997-"
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Sjahrir. Dinamika ekonomi Indonesia, 1990-1992. Jakarta: Warta Ekonomi, 1992.
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Laksono, Dandhy Dwi. Indonesia for sale. Surabaya: Pedati, 2009.
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Nyoto. Burung-burung kertas. [Pekanbaru: Bahana Press, 2004.
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Baker, Anthony. Indonesia in the 1990's. London: Euromoney Publications, 1991.
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Rafick, Ishak. Catatan hitam lima presiden Indonesia: Sebuah investigasi 1997-2007, mafia ekonomi, dan jalan baru membangun Indonesia. Pasar Minggu, Jakarta, Indonesia: Ufuk, 2008.
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Rafick, Ishak. Catatan hitam lima presiden Indonesia: Sebuah investigasi 1997-2007, mafia ekonomi, dan jalan baru membangun Indonesia. Pasar Minggu, Jakarta, Indonesia: Ufuk Pub. House, 2008.
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Sjahrir. Refleksi pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia, 1968-1992. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1992.
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Economics Conference (1997 Jakarta, Indonesia). Sustaining economic growth in Indonesia: A framework for the twenty-first century, December 17-18, 1997, Hotel Aryaduta, Jakarta, Indonesia. [Jakarta]: USAID, 1997.
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Simandjuntak, B. A. Pikiran kritis untuk rakyat Indonesia: Pengaduan kepada Bung Karno dan Ompui Nommensen. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2008.
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Simanjuntak, Bungaran Antonius. Pikiran kritis untuk rakyat Indonesia: Pengaduan kepada Bung Karno dan Ompui Nommensen. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2008.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Indonesia Economic conditions 1997-"
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Elisabeth, Adriana. "Indonesia–China Economic Relations Post the 1997 Asian Crisis". W Six Decades of Indonesia-China Relations, 17–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8084-5_2.
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Pham, Van Thuy. "Economic Conditions of Indonesia and Vietnam in Pre-independence Era, 1910s–1945". W Beyond Political Skin, 1–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3711-6_1.
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Rock, Michael T., i David P. Angel. "East Asia’s Sustainability Challenge". W Industrial Transformation in the Developing World. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199270040.003.0009.
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Since the 1960s, developing Asia has been going through a historically unprecedented process of urbanization and industrialization. This process, which began in East Asia with Japan after World War II (Johnson 1982), then spread first to Korea (Amsden 1989; Rock 1992; Westphal 1978), Taiwan Province of China (Wade 1990), Hong Kong, China (Haggard 1990), and Singapore (Huff 1999) and subsequently to Indonesia (Hill 1996), Malaysia (Jomo 2001), Thailand (Pongpaichit 1980; Rock 1994), and China has spawned enormous interest. While most of the debate surrounding the East Asian development experience has centered on the proximate causes of its development trajectory and the economic and political consequences of this trajectory for the East Asian newly industrializing economies (NIEs), because Asia looms so large in the global economy and ecology, interest has belatedly turned to the environmental consequences of East Asia’s development path and to the political economy of governmental responses to deteriorating environmental conditions in the region (Brandon and Ramankutty 1993; Rock 2002a). The focus on the environment came none too soon. Rapid urbanization, industrialization, and globalization in the East Asian NIEs, when combined with ‘grow first, clean up later’ environmental policies, have resulted in average levels of air particulates approximately five times higher than in OECD countries and twice the world average (Asian Development Bank 1997). Not surprisingly, of the 60 developing country cities on which the World Bank (2004: 164–5) reports urban air quality, 62% (10 of 16) are in developing East Asia, all but one of the rest are in South Asia. Measures of water pollution in East Asia, such as biological oxygen demand (BOD) and levels of suspended solids are also substantially above world averages (Lohani 1998). With the prospect for further rapid urban-industrial growth rooted in the attraction of foreign direct investment and the export of manufactures in East Asia, the rest of Asia, and the rest of the developing world as the East Asian ‘model of development’ spreads, local, regional, and global environmental conditions may well get worse before they get better (Rock et al. 2000). At the core of this environmental challenge in East Asia is rapid urban industrial growth.
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Falianty, Telisa, i Arif Budimanta. "Contagion, Exchange Rate, and Financial Volatility: Indonesian Case in Global Financial Turbulence". W Public Sector Crisis Management. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92275.
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Global turbulence after the financial crisis has hit Indonesia and almost all emerging countries. Quantitative Easing (QE) normalization (tapering of) has caused the capital outflows from emerging countries. Trade war and increasing geopolitical tension together raise the pressure. Argentina and Turkey have been experiencing economic shock. Indonesia should identify the contagion possibility and refer to Thai baht contagion experience in 1997. This paper assesses the contagion, exchange rate, and financial volatility triggered by global turbulence and Argentina-Turkey crisis in 2018. We use vector autoregression (VAR), simple correlation, dynamic conditional correlation (DCC), and regression method. We will investigate the potential contagion both in stock and exchange rate markets and in the rupiah exchange rate determination from both contagion and fundamental factors regarding the balance of payment (BOP) condition. The empirical result shows the potential contagion from Argentina and Turkey’s financial crisis to the Indonesian economy, especially to the stock market and exchange rate. The regression and correlation result also shows that Turkey has a higher financial contagion effect than Argentina to Indonesian financial market. Balance of payment condition also has the significant effect to explain rupiah exchange rate depreciation.
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Laksmana, Evan A. "Pragmatic Equidistance". W China, The United States, and the Future of Southeast Asia. NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479866304.003.0004.
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This chapter describes the rationale and nature of Indonesia’s foreign policy vis-à-vis the United States and China. It places Indonesia’s foreign policy pertaining to these two countries within the broader context of Jakarta’s management of great power relations. The author argues that Indonesia’s approach can be described as “pragmatic equidistance.” This approach captures the idea of fully engaging one great power in various forms of cooperation—from economic to defense—while simultaneously both maintaining strategic autonomy and keeping equal balance with other great powers. Put differently, it is about how a developing country with a rising regional and global profile like Indonesia can fully exploit the benefits of strategic partnerships with different great powers while maintaining autonomy and not being pegged as too close to one great power at the expense of another. The author further argues that Indonesia’s pragmatic equidistance with the United States and China is a function of (1) the historical legacies of bilateral relations, (2) the end of authoritarian rule in 1998 and the ensuing democratization process, and (3) the changing strategic environment in the broader Indo-Pacific. These conditions overlap and help explain the persistent ambiguity in the triangular Indonesia-U.S.-China relations.
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"The Politics of Economic Liberalisation in Indonesia from mid-1997 to October 1999". W The Politics of Economic Liberalization in Indonesia, 171–92. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315028927-8.
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Tambunan, Tulus T. H. "Economic Growth, Labor Market Segmentation, and Labor Productivity". W Handbook of Research on Unemployment and Labor Market Sustainability in the Era of Globalization, 345–70. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2008-5.ch019.
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This chapter examines economic growth, labor market segmentation, informal employment, and labor productivity in Indonesia from 1990-2015. It shows four important facts. First, Indonesia was ever among countries in Southeast Asia with the highest economic growth before the country was severely hit by the Asian financial crisis in 1997/98. In 1999, the country started to recover, and since then, the economy has performed exceptionally well until these days. Second, total employment increased continuously, although as a percentage of total labor force, it tends to decline. Second, total labor productivity also continued to increase. Third, employment is still dominated by the informal sector. This chapter also discusses labor market policy in Indonesia. This chapter concludes that there are many factors that simultaneously determine directly or indirectly the growth of labor productivity, including good macroeconomic management and effective labor market policies.
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Tambunan, Tulus T. H. "Economic Growth, Labor Market Segmentation, and Labor Productivity". W Wealth Creation and Poverty Reduction, 225–49. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1207-4.ch013.
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This chapter examines economic growth, labor market segmentation, informal employment, and labor productivity in Indonesia from 1990-2015. It shows four important facts. First, Indonesia was ever among countries in Southeast Asia with the highest economic growth before the country was severely hit by the Asian financial crisis in 1997/98. In 1999, the country started to recover, and since then, the economy has performed exceptionally well until these days. Second, total employment increased continuously, although as a percentage of total labor force, it tends to decline. Second, total labor productivity also continued to increase. Third, employment is still dominated by the informal sector. This chapter also discusses labor market policy in Indonesia. This chapter concludes that there are many factors that simultaneously determine directly or indirectly the growth of labor productivity, including good macroeconomic management and effective labor market policies.
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tambunan, tulus. "Development of Small Businesses During Economic Crises". W Cases on Small Business Economics and Development During Economic Crises, 1–26. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7657-1.ch001.
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This is a descriptive study that aims to estimate the impact of three economic crises (i.e., the 1997/98 Asian financial crisis, the 2008/09 global financial crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic crisis) on small businesses in Indonesia and to explore their crisis mitigation measures (CMMs). It adopted an exploratory methodology with comprehensively reviewing the available literature (e.g., policy documents, research papers, and reports) on the subject being studied. The data collection technique applied was literature study. It shows that different types of crises have different transmission channels through which such crises affected small businesses. CMMs adopted by affected small businesses also vary by different types of crises and hence different business risks. To the best of author's knowledge, this is the first study that examines transmission channels through which such crises affected small businesses in Indonesia.
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Santy, Raeni Dwi, i Refi Mayasari Buhari. "Economic Impact and Current Results of Urbanization". W E-Planning and Collaboration, 996–1013. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5646-6.ch047.
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The growth of the urban population in Indonesia is commonly fast due to permanently inclinig urbanization flows. This chapter considers the most important factors of Indonesian urbanization and its positive and negative effects in current conditions to discover directions for modernization of the governmental role in regulation and control of urbanization processes. Special issues of this chapter are concentrated around the problem of urbanization's role in development of Indonesia (national and regional level), national labor and internal migration policy, and niveling disbalance between urban and rural areas. Finally, this chapter includes special conclusions and reccommendations for modernization of national and regonal programs oriented to optimise internal conditions of urbanization development in Indonesia that are based on the best achievements of international experience and use local Indonesian features of urbanization.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Indonesia Economic conditions 1997-"
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Gayraud, Stéphane, i Riti Singh. "A Techno-Economic Computational Tool for Power Generation Project Assessments and Life Cycle Risk Management". W ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-130.
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The growing desire for sponsors of power generation projects to share risk with the lenders has promoted the use of computational tools, simulating and evaluating from a techno-economic viewpoint long-term, high-risk projects. Such models need to include reliable engine diagnostics, life-cycle costing and risk analysis technique. This paper presents a Decision Support System (DSS) for the assessment of power generation projects using industrial gas turbines. The software, programmed in Visual Basic in Excel, runs the object-oriented software Pythia which has been developed by the Department of Propulsion, Power and Automotive Engineering at Cranfield University and which can perform gas turbine performance calculations, including off-design conditions, with or without degradation effects providing thus very reliable engine diagnostics. Moreover, a life cycle cost, assessed using manufacturer methodology for instance, can be integrated into the economic model. The degree of uncertainty relating to technical and economic factors is assessed using a normal distribution and the level of risk can then be evaluated using a risk analysis technique based upon the Monte Carlo Method. The DSS therefore provides charts and result tables to support the decision making, allowing the user to achieve a good level of confidence using new techniques of risk management.
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M, Festy, Aris Sudiyanto, Argyo Demartoto i Sapja Anantanyu. "A Scope of Qualitative and Quantitative About Representation of Social, Economic, Psychological and Health Conditions of Indirex Female Sex Worker Reproduction During the Covid-19". W Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Law, Social Science, Economics, and Education, ICLSSEE 2021, March 6th 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-3-2021.2306474.
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Tolman, Radon, i Ronald C. Timpe. "Hydrothermal Energy Systems Development in the USA". W ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-039.
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A revolutionary hydrothermal steam generator is being developed by a federal, state university and industry partnership in the US to enhance economic growth and trade. The new generator is designed to accept solutions and slurries without corrosion and deposition on heat transfer surfaces up to the supercritical conditions of water, above 221 bar (3205 psia) and 374 C (705 F). The generator will produce steam from low quality water, such as from geothermal sources, for increased electric power generation. Water treatment costs and effluents will be eliminated for “zero discharge.” To improve efficiency and limit carbon dioxide and other emissions, the new steam generator will be tested for converting wastewater slurries of low-cost fuels and “negative value” wastes such as hazardous wastes, composted municipal wastes and sludges, to clean gas turbine fuel, hydrocarbon liquids, and activated carbon. Bench-scale results at sub- and supercritical conditions for lignite, refuse derived fuel, tire rubber and activated carbon are presented. An advanced continuous-flow pilot plant is being designed to test the generator over a wide range of operating conditions, including slurry feed up to 30 percent solids. Demonstration of the hydrothermal steam generator will be followed by design and construction of combined-cycle energy systems.
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Liu, Xuhui, Yifan Yu i Xin Sui. "Neighborhood Environment and the Elderly’s Subject Well-being". W 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/evqy6355.
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Background: In the context of an aging society, the physical and mental health and quality of life of the elderly have received more and more attention. Among them, in the field of mental health of the elderly, subject well-being is an important concern. Many studies have shown that the environment has a certain impact on people's mental health. In the field of landscape, public health and architecture, most of the studies focus on the natural environment, including the number and proportion of green space, the distance to green space, the characteristics of green space, as well as the building density, building form, road network density and layout in the built environment. However, in China, the specific environment elements that are more comprehensive and more closely linked with urban planning and management need to be studied. Objectives: Relevant research shows that more than 80% of the activities of the elderly are completed within 1 km of the neighborhood. This study takes neighborhood environment as the main research area and research object. The objectives include: 1, to find the status of the elderly’s subject well-being in Shanghai; 2, to find the impact of the neighborhood environmental factors on the subject well-being of the elderly; and therefore, 3, to put forward some suggestions for neighborhood planning to promote the subject well-being of the elderly. Methods: Based on the data of the Fourth Survey on the Living Conditions of the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas of China, 3431 urban residential samples in Shanghai were selected and analyzed in this study. The subject well-being comes from the question, "General speaking, do you feel happy?" Options include five levels, ranging from very happy to very unhappy. According to the existing literature and the specific requirements of Shanghai urban planning compilation and management, the environmental factors are summarized as 20 indicators in four aspects: natural environment, housing conditions, urban form and facility environment. According to the sample address, the environmental factors indicators are calculated in GIS. The data are analyzed by the method of path analysis in Mplus7.4. Results: 70.9% of the respondents felt very happy or happy, while only 2.2% of the respondents said they were unhappy or very unhappy. Non-agricultural household registration, higher education, better self-rated economic status of the elderly, the better of the subject well-being of the elderly. Under the control of the basic characteristics and socio-economic attributes of the elderly, the per capita green space area, housing construction area, road network density and location conditions have a significant impact on the well-being of the elderly. Conclusion: Under the control of socio-economic variables, community environment can significantly affect the subjective well-being of the elderly. In the planning of community life circle, improving the level of green space per capita in the community, improving the housing conditions of the elderly, and building a high-density road network system are effective measures to promote the subject well-being of the elderly.
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Lu, Qing, Liyan Xu, Zhen Cai i Xiao Peng. "The spectrum of metropolitan areas across the world, and detection of potential metropolitan areas with Chinese characteristics". W 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sdgu8646.
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When people talk about the Metropolitan Area (MA), they mean differently in different parts of the world with different contexts. Based on its spatial extent, internal structure, socio-economic function, and network characteristics, an MA can refer to various entities from a metropolis to a Megacity-region. In an effort to clarify the MA concept, we review the origin of the MA concept and its development in various parts of the world, especially the United States, Japan and China, so as to propose a spectrum of MAs, and their relationship with specific human and natural geographical contexts. Particularly, we find MAs in China typically have a unique three-circle structure, which is composed of a core circle, a commuting circle, and a functional metropolitan circle. By international comparable standards which include factors such as population density, facility density, and economic activity intensity, and adjusted with reasonable context-dependent considerations in China, the three circles are designated as follows: the spatial extent with the highest development intensity and assuming a central regional role is identified as the core circle; the districts and counties around the core circle with a commuting rate greater than 10% are identified as the commuting circle; and the districts and counties within an one-hour accessible zone are identified as the functional metropolitan circle. To test the model, we utilize eight sources of big data covering ecological background, population, economy, transportation, real estate, land use, infrastructure, and culture characteristics, and with a fusion analysis of the data we show how the factors combined give rise to the three-circle structure in typical Chinese MAs, and why the combination of the same factors in the US and Japanese contexts works otherwise to fill different niches in the spectrum of MAs mentioned above. For a further inquiry, within the framework of the same model and using the same dataset, we identify 32 cities from all 338 prefecture-level cities in China that would qualify as an MA or potential MA, which we call “the Metropolitan Areas with Chinese Characteristics”, and designate the spatial extent of the three circles within each of the MAs. Additional analyses are also conducted to locate the main development corridors, key growth poles, and currently underdeveloped regions in each of the MAs. We conclude the paper with discussions of potential challenges of MA development in China vis-a-vis current policies, such as cross-administration collaboration between jurisdictions within the same MA, and cross-scale collaboration between MAs, cities, and city groups. Placing the research in the global context, and considering the vast similarities between China and other developing countries in terms of population density, land resources, urbanization level, and socio-economic development status in general, we argue that China’s model of MAs may be also applicable to other developing countries. Therefore, this research may shed lights to planning researchers and practitioners around the world, especially in developing countries in understanding the development conditions of MAs in their own contexts, and also in methods for identifying and planning potential MAs to achieve their specific policy objectives.
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De Lucia, Maurizio, Carlo Carcasci i Antonio Matucci. "Thermoeconomic Analysis and Optimization of a Gas Turbine Plant Combined With an Absorption Unit". W ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-175.
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The aim of the paper is to study the performance of a power plant for the combined production of electrical, thermal and cooling thermal energy. The exergy analysis was developed from the system’s operating conditions measured in a previous experimental phase, and allowed description and quantification of causes of efficiency loss in the plant. The following thermoeconomic analysis, based on the exergy balance, allowed appraisal of the actual costs of each component and possible optimization of the plant for higher efficiency and cost saving. The thermoeconomic results lead to a better understanding of the influence of off-design operating conditions on the performance of the whole plant and on this basis further improvements and modifications are envisaged. Three modifications of the plant layout are described and discussed, in greater detail for the most promising of them, i.e., compressor inlet air cooling with absorber excess cooling power production. Results show that this solution is particularly effective in the present case, not only from the energetic point of view, but, as is not always the case, also form the economic one. The application of thermoeconomic analysis to the pharmaceutical factory under study has the aim of identifying those components which have the highest cost quantifying losses in cost terms.
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Marat-Mendes, Teresa, i João Cunha Borges. "The role of food in re-imagining the city". W 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/dzri9995.
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Humanity is now believed to live in a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene, as changes have been reported on the atmosphere, air, water, and soil, but also on societal perceptions of these issues. This presentation departs from the theoretical assumption that the impact of the abovementioned changes on culture and the environment have not yet found a stable influence on urban planning. This presentation overviews the implications of the food system within urban planning while considering it as a socio-technical system which integrates production, distribution, transformation, consumption and disposal patterns. The production phase of the food system in particular, emerges as a fundamental planning challenge, extending to urban form solutions, individual behaviours, dietary regimes, inequalities in foodsheds planning, and the cultural capital of food. Accordingly, the food system emerges here as an opportunity to identify how current urban fabrics of cities and their rural and regional hinterlands can be transformed in terms of their metabolic function and respond to the needs of people and the environment. To do so, this presentation introduces the preliminary results of an analysis conducted by an ongoing research project SPLACH – Spatial Planning for Change, at two particular scales: the region and the neighbourhood. Thus, while focusing in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA), in Portugal, we provide an analysis of the Regional Plan as well as of specific residential neighbourhoods located in LMA, regarding the relationship between the food system functioning and urban planning approaches. The analysis includes a comparative number of case studies which differ in urban form solutions, socio-economic conditions, but also geographical location. The results support the request for a stronger integration of the above-identified underexplored topics of the food system within urban planning, which will be fundamental to inform a new theory of the city that makes any serious contribution towards a sustainability transition.
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Bohn, Dieter E., Tom Heuer, Karsten A. Kusterer i Gernot Lang. "Application of a Conjugate Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Method in the Thermal Design Process of a Convection-Cooled Turbine Nozzle Vane". W ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-006.
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High cycle efficiencies and high power-weight ratios are two major requirements for the economic operation of present day gas turbines. These requirements lead to extremely high turbine inlet temperatures and adjusted pressure ratios. The permissible hot gas temperature is limited by the material temperature of the vane. Intensive cooling is required to guarantee an economically acceptable life span of the components which are in contact with the hot gas. Convection cooling in blades and vanes has been a common cooling technique for decades. However, the optimization of the cooling configuration is still a great challenge in the thermal design process. One objective in the thermal design process is a general reduction of the temperatures in the vane material, especially in regions with high thermal loads, e.g. the leading edge. Another goal is to create a more equal temperature distribution in the vane walls. This will lead to a reduction in the thermal stress and strain. The aim of research is to minimize the supply of cooling fluid taking the physical restrictions mentioned above into consideration. Therefore, a new numerical procedure for CFD in combination with an FEM stress analysis represents a valuable tool for the thermal design of turbine vanes, minimizing the experimental effort. This paper demonstrates the application of a new numerical method for the conjugate calculation of internal and external fluid flows and the heat transfer in and through the vane walls in a thermal design process of a convection cooled turbine guide vane. The advantage of this approach is the prediction of fluid flow properties and wall temperatures without requiring information on additional heat transfer conditions or temperature distributions at the external surfaces of the vane. This is a great advantage because the data desired are unknown or not available in the design process of new cooled blades or vanes. Another advantage is the fact that the interactions of fluid flow and heat transfer are taken into account by the conjugate calculation. After a short description of the conjugate fluid flow and heat transfer method, results for the two-dimensional aerodynamic and thermal investigation of a convection cooled, high-pressure turbine nozzle guide vane are presented. The highly accurate determination of the temperature distribution is essential for the correct calculation of thermal stress and strain. The comparison of numerical and experimental results demonstrates the performance of the code since the differences in the surface temperature distributions are less than 2%. On basis of the numerical results for the original cooling configuration, two more configurations were designed and investigated using the conjugate method. It can be shown that surface temperature peaks can be reduced and a more equal temperature distribution in the vane material can be reached. This also has consequences for the thermal stress and strain in the vane walls as shown by an FEM stress and strain analysis.
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Geambazu, Serin. ""Yeni Instanbul": the expansion of a global city". W 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mwhr1573.
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The spread of neo-liberal political and economic ideology and the proliferation of global capital have created new opportunities and challenges for cities everywhere (Sassen 2012). Within the urban planning discourse, it is generally assumed that globalization leads to the same type of transformations and urban development trends everywhere in the world. However, it cannot create a certain prototype for spatial development or a new spatial order for cities. Rather, it gives a variety of spatial patterns, also called "global urban forms". Recently, these forms have identified themselves spatially within a series of "mega-projects", their intensity being felt in today's global cities, North-American and West-European, but with a domino effect, especially in the cities situated at the periphery of these capitalist economies. Total global megaproject spending is assessed at USD 6-9 trillion annually, or 8 percent of total global GDP, which denotes the biggest investment boom in human history. Never has systematic and valid knowledge about mega projects therefore been more important to inform policy, practice, and public debate in this highly costly area of business and government. It is argued that the conventional way of managing mega projects has reached a "tension point," where tradition is challenged and reform is emerging (Flyvbjerg, 2011). These kind of projects often take place within fragmented and entrepreneurial forms of governance (Harvey 1989; Healey 1997; Gordon 1997a, 1997b; Feldman 1999; Feinstein 2001; Granath 2005; Butler 2007) represented by public-private partnerships, in a societal environment of increased capital mobility and inter-urban competition (Malone 1996). Hence, it is argued, that mega projects have been examples of new governance styles and policy targets, but also object of intensive local planning debates and conflicts based on different actors (authorities, planners, residents, environmental groups, developers, etc.) holding an equal number of views (Hoyle, 2002) which are often difficult to reconcile. Strongly linked to the 2023 Vision of Turkey, the 3rd airport, Istanbul Airport is one of the mega projects that will bring Turkey among top 10 economically powerful countries. Istanbul Airport distinguishes itself from a myriad of other build-operate-transfer projects by its governance dynamics and planning process. The study employs discourse analysis through which extracts lesson from the decision-making process that will inform planners in Istanbul and beyond.
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Papamichail, Theodora, i Ana Peric. "Informal planning: a tool towards adaptive urban governance". W 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mcur1568.
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Formal planning instruments and procedures have often been unpopular and ineffective for solving complex spatial issues, such as urban sprawl or transport congestion. As a result, such conflicts turn into complex planning tasks that usually exceed the provisioned time and funding, especially when faced with adversarial interests of actors from different organisations, sectors or social groups. Hence, informal planning, as a non-binding supplement to official planning instruments, is often considered highly effective. In its broadest sense, informal planning includes the principles of collaborative dialogue, diverse networks, trustful relationships and tailor-made processes among interested parties. Consequently, informal planning processes foster sound decision-making delivering a spectrum of problem-oriented solutions and increasing public consensus, while enacting experimentation, learning, change, and the creation of shared meanings among stakeholders. However, informal planning cannot be taken for granted – it is strongly interwoven with the planning culture influenced by the historical and political background, and the current socio-economic conditions. This paper revolves around several pillars. After an introductory section, a brief historical overview firstly identifies the place of informal planning in various planning models that have appeared since the 1960s. More specifically, informal planning is analysed against the theoretical concept of collaborative rationality. Finally, the paper focuses on a specific informal planning procedure called the ‘test planning method’, being analysed against the previously elaborated theoretical background. As this instrument links both formal and informal planning, its comparison and interrelation with the theoretical background of collaborative rationality contributes to elucidating the following attributes of adaptive (collaborative) urban governance: 1) flexible and agile institutional arrangements supportive to various kinds of urban planning mechanisms (not only official tools), 2) proactive and imaginative planners ready to accept solutions created outside the technical domain of instrumental rationality, and 3) inclusion of numerous stakeholders to exchange various information and different types of knowledge, i.e. expert and experiential knowledge. Observed through the example of the test planning method, the article finally highlights the successful aspects of informal planning, however, pointing also to its shortcomings, which could be expected in the societies with a lack of key democratic elements
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Indonesia Economic conditions 1997-"
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Kim, Changmo, Ghazan Khan, Brent Nguyen i Emily L. Hoang. Development of a Statistical Model to Predict Materials’ Unit Prices for Future Maintenance and Rehabilitation in Highway Life Cycle Cost Analysis. Mineta Transportation Institute, grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1806.
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The main objectives of this study are to investigate the trends in primary pavement materials’ unit price over time and to develop statistical models and guidelines for using predictive unit prices of pavement materials instead of uniform unit prices in life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for future maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) projects. Various socio-economic data were collected for the past 20 years (1997–2018) in California, including oil price, population, government expenditure in transportation, vehicle registration, and other key variables, in order to identify factors affecting pavement materials’ unit price. Additionally, the unit price records of the popular pavement materials were categorized by project size (small, medium, large, and extra-large). The critical variables were chosen after identifying their correlations, and the future values of each variable were predicted through time-series analysis. Multiple regression models using selected socio-economic variables were developed to predict the future values of pavement materials’ unit price. A case study was used to compare the results between the uniform unit prices in the current LCCA procedures and the unit prices predicted in this study. In LCCA, long-term prediction involves uncertainties due to unexpected economic trends and industrial demand and supply conditions. Economic recessions and a global pandemic are examples of unexpected events which can have a significant influence on variations in material unit prices and project costs. Nevertheless, the data-driven scientific approach as described in this research reduces risk caused by such uncertainties and enables reasonable predictions for the future. The statistical models developed to predict the future unit prices of the pavement materials through this research can be implemented to enhance the current LCCA procedure and predict more realistic unit prices and project costs for the future M&R activities, thus promoting the most cost-effective alternative in LCCA.
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Chandrasekhar, C. P. The Long Search for Stability: Financial Cooperation to Address Global Risks in the East Asian Region. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, marzec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp153.
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Forced by the 1997 Southeast Asian crisis to recognize the external vulnerabilities that openness to volatile capital flows result in and upset over the post-crisis policy responses imposed by the IMF, countries in the sub-region saw the need for a regional financial safety net that can pre-empt or mitigate future crises. At the outset, the aim of the initiative, then led by Japan, was to create a facility or design a mechanism that was independent of the United States and the IMF, since the former was less concerned with vulnerabilities in Asia than it was in Latin America and that the latter’s recommendations proved damaging for countries in the region. But US opposition and inherited geopolitical tensions in the region blocked Japan’s initial proposal to establish an Asian Monetary Fund, a kind of regional IMF. As an alternative, the ASEAN+3 grouping (ASEAN members plus China, Japan and South Korea) opted for more flexible arrangements, at the core of which was a network of multilateral and bilateral central bank swap agreements. While central bank swap agreements have played a role in crisis management, the effort to make them the central instruments of a cooperatively established regional safety net, the Chiang Mai Initiative, failed. During the crises of 2008 and 2020 countries covered by the Initiative chose not to rely on the facility, preferring to turn to multilateral institutions such as the ADB, World Bank and IMF or enter into bilateral agreements within and outside the region for assistance. The fundamental problem was that because of an effort to appease the US and the IMF and the use of the IMF as a foil against the dominance of a regional power like Japan, the regional arrangement was not a real alternative to traditional sources of balance of payments support. In particular, access to significant financial assistance under the arrangement required a country to be supported first by an IMF program and be subject to the IMF’s conditions and surveillance. The failure of the multilateral effort meant that a specifically Asian safety net independent of the US and the IMF had to be one constructed by a regional power involving support for a network of bilateral agreements. Japan was the first regional power to seek to build such a network through it post-1997 Miyazawa Initiative. But its own complex relationship with the US meant that its intervention could not be sustained, more so because of the crisis that engulfed Japan in 1990. But the prospect of regional independence in crisis resolution has revived with the rise of China as a regional and global power. This time both economics and China’s independence from the US seem to improve prospects of successful regional cooperation to address financial vulnerability. A history of tensions between China and its neighbours and the fear of Chinese dominance may yet lead to one more failure. But, as of now, the Belt and Road Initiative, China’s support for a large number of bilateral swap arrangements and its participation in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership seem to suggest that Asian countries may finally come into their own.