Rozprawy doktorskie: „Individuation”

1

Barnes, Bryant M. "Property Individuation". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1564415182895252.

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2

Ferret, Stéphane. "Identité et individuation". Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010530.

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Ce travail de philosophie analytique vise à présenter aussi complètement que possible le concept d'identité et les perplexités logiques et ontologiques auxquelles il conduit. La première partie est consacrée à un examen critique de la thèse de l'identité relative selon laquelle il existerait des conjonctions vraies de la forme A est le même F que B, mais pas le même G, ou F et G désignant des concepts sortaux. La seconde partie présente le problème de l'identité à travers le temps via une théorie néo-aristotelicienne du changement et la prise en compte de l'identité spécifique. Plusieurs des paradoxes classiques sont également présentés, celui du bateau de Thésée notamment, bateau perpétuellement réparé dont les sophistes d'Athènes se demandaient au fur et à mesure que les pièces étaient modifiées ou remplacées, s'il s'agissait encore du même bateau. La troisième partie aborde la métaphysique de l'identité personnelle à travers les mondes possibles, la thèse de la nécessité des origines et le fameux problème des transplantations de cerveaux
This essay of analytical philosophy aims to introduce as thoroughly as possible the concept of identity and its logical and ontological perplexities. First part is devoted to a critical examination of the thesis of relative identity. Second part deals with the problems of identity through time via a neo-aristotelian theory of change and the concept of specific identity. Several classical paradoxes are also introduced. One of them is the ship of Theseus. The planks of this ship are gradually replaced and the question is to know if this ship remains the same. Third part presents metaphysics of personal identity across possible worlds, the thesis of necessity of origin and the famous problem of brains transplants

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3

Garcia, Fabrice. "Individuation & scénario". Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30003.

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En 1974, le philosophe Roger Chambon entreprend la naturalisation de la phénoménologie en utilisant la pensée biologique de Raymond Ruyer. Son objectif est de repenser la relation entre le corps, l'esprit et la perception, aussi bien que le lien entre la nature et la culture. A l'opposé, on cherche à concevoir autrement ces rapports à partir d'une critique de cette entreprise : d'abord, en déterminant différemment la forme de l'espace-temps humain opposée à celle du chimpanzé ; ensuite, en révisant la terminologie qui lui est associé (que sont des représentations, des sensations, une situation corporelle, l'intérieur et l'extérieur, etc. ) ; enfin, en modifiant, à partir de ces réflexions, le champ de l'anthropologie évolutionniste
In 1974, Roger Chambon searches to naturalize phenomenological approach by using Raymond Ruyer's philosophy. His purpose is to think in a new way the relations between body, mind and perception, and also the link between nature and culture. On the contrary, we aim here at a new conception of these relations, on the basis of a rigorous criticism of Chambin's attempt : first, by re-thinking again in another way human space and time structure in contrast with chimpanzee's mind and perception ; next, by a through review of the whole terminology associated to that structure (what a representation, a sensation, a bodily context, interior and exterior are like, etc. ). And finally, by changing the state of man in the evolution theory

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4

Guelpa, Rémi. "Tragédie et Individuation". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3066.

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La pensée nietzschéenne a souvent été soumise à un découpage intellectuel. Une première période schopenhauerienne avec l’écriture de La naissance de la tragédie, une deuxième proche de Voltaire et des Lumières débutant par Humain, trop humain, et enfin une troisième période, celle du Gai savoir, du Zarathoustra jusqu’aux terribles Dithyrambes de Dionysos. Cependant certains auteurs, comme Granier ou Fink, ont remarqué la résurgence des premiers thèmes dans cette dernière période dite exclusivement dionysiaque. Ces problématiques, ces interrogations, ce sont celles qui gravitent autour du problème de la tragédie. Or reconnaître que Nietzsche n’a de cesse de revenir, à la fin, vers cette « première transvaluation de toutes les valeurs », c’est reconnaître un lien indéniable entre La naissance de la tragédie et le Zarathoustra. Nous proposons par conséquent d’interroger la figure apollinienne de l’individuation et celle du Tout dionysiaque au-delà de cette première publication. La tragédie n’est-elle pas alors le cœur de la pensée nietzschéenne ? la cohérence qui lui fait si souvent défaut ? Cependant cette lecture va bien souvent à l’encontre de l’héritage nietzschéen, qu’il s’agisse d’un romantisme atavique (Bertram) ou de l’hégémonie conceptuelle (Deleuze). Si bien que penser le retour d’Apollon sur la scène tragique, penser l’individuation au travers du Zarathoustra et des dithyrambes, c’est repenser le fondement mythique chez Nietzsche, non pas à la manière d’une anecdote, ni dans l’assimilation d’un cliché à abattre, mais dans la problématique de l’ego fatum et de l’affirmation illimitée du surhomme. Reconnaître dans la volonté de puissance la puissance du mythe, c’est donc indéniablement se confronter à la violence du nihilisme, tant d’un point de vue schopenhauerien, que d’un point de vue parfaitement moderne. C’est le problème politique de la révolte (Camus), de la résurrection (Franck), de la chair (Stiegler). Dans le dilemme d’un passé victorieux, d’un Nietzsche wagnérien, ou d’un plan d’immanence révolutionnaire, le concept comme meurtre des identités, n’est-il pas nécessaire de recadrer la volonté de puissance au sein d’un Éternel retour tragique plutôt qu’au sein d’un Éternel retour sélectif et meurtrier ? N’est-il pas indispensable de recouvrer l’identité d’Apollon pour admettre sa nécessaire extinction, la « mort volontaire » ?
Nietzsche's thought has often been submited to an intellectual split. The first period Schopenhauerian with the writing of "The birth of tragedy", a second one close to Voltaire and the Lumières starting with "Human, all to human", and finally a third period, "The gay science" one, from "Zarathustra" to the terrible "Dithyrambs of Dionysus". Some authors, like Granier or Fink, have however noticed the first themes resurgence during the last period said to be exclusively dionysian. Those issues, those questions, are the ones spinning around the tragedy problematic. But admitting that Nietzsche doesn't stop from coming back, at the end, to this "transvaluation of values", is admitting the undeniable link between "The birth of tragedy" and the "Zarathustra". And so we suggest to question the Apollonian figure of individuation and the one of the All dionysian over this first publication. Isn't the tragedy the heart of the Nietzsche thought? The consistency that he is often missing? This reading however often goes against the Nietzsche legacy, it being atavistic romanticism (Bertram) or a conceptual hegemony (Deleuze). To a point where thinking the Apollon's come back on the tragic scene, thinking individuation through "Zarathustra" and some dithyrambics, is re-thinking the Nietzsche's mythic base, not in a anecdotal way, neither in a way to kill a cliché, but in a problematic of the "ego fatum" and the unlimited overman affirmation. Recognizing the myth power in the willingness of power, is definitely coming against the nihilism violence, as much as from a Schopenhauerian's point of view, as from a modern one. This is the political issue of the revolt (Camus), the resurrection (Franck), the flesh (Stiegler). In the victorious past dilemma of a wagnerian Nietzsche, or a revolutionary immanence plan, the concept of identity murder, isn't it necessary to focus the willingness of power inside an everlasting tragic return rather than a everlasting selective and murderer return? Isn't it necessary to recover Appolon's identity to admit its necessary extinction, the "voluntary death"?

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5

Wu, Linda. "Individuation : an artist's quest". Thesis, University of East London, 2011. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3136/.

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"I use the term "individuation " to denote the process by which a person becomes a psychological "in-dividual" that is, a separate, indivisible unity or "whole ". It is generally assumed that consciousness is the whole of the psychological individual. But knowledge of the phenomena that can only be explained on the hypothesis of unconscious psychic processes makes it doubtful whether the ego and its contents are in fact identical with the "whole". If unconscious processes exist at all, they must surely belong to the totality of the individual, even though they are not components of the conscious ego. " (Jungl959:275) The above quote, defining Jung's theory of "individuation" is the principle upon which I based my art practice at the start of the Professional Doctorate programme. My quest was to create art, from conscious and unconscious elements, in other words, the totality of my personality. At that time I believed my objective was to define the archetypal phenomena with which I was concerned and having identified that, to work towards a clearer strategy for creatively expressing it within my work. The proposal I prepared at the start of the Doctorate programme highlighted an inconsistency with regard to my creative practice and the artists I admired. My paintings were abstract but I researched artists who used narrative and figuration. I resolved to reconcile this paradox by introducing narrative and figurative elements within my working practice. Initially, this proved to be more difficult in practice than I had thought and the first two years of the Doctorate programme did not see a significant change or progress in my work. There were several reasons for the delay in following through with a change in my work. Despite a conscious desire to change, will power alone was not enough to produce the hoped for transformation. I had developed a method of painting that relied on intuition to guide me to the next step and although this was not producing the desired results, I was entrenched in this methodology and found it difficult to move to a more considered way of working. Another reason for my lack of progress was my insistence on using Jungian psychological theory within my work. I was trying to summon unconscious content by using vague and obtuse references to psychological theories. I believed that if I relied on my intuition to guide me I would forge a meeting between conscious and unconscious content. I eventually managed to change from abstract to a figurative form of painting using narrative and composition. Further progress took place when I distanced myself from concentrating on psychological theory and used my life experiences to inform my work. By allowing a less illustrative way of working to develop, my paintings began to have a life of their own becoming less literal representations of ideas. The Doctorate programme enabled me to integrate the many strands of my psyche in an expanded and integrated art practice. The refinement and maturity that I believe I now demonstrate in my creative practice seemed impossible to achieve at the beginning of the programme. It was a long time before any substantive changes took place, however, it is my belief that changes that have been painstakingly won will be permanent. They are securely anchored within my psyche and therefore my art practice.

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6

Gotham, M. G. H. "Copredication, quantification and individuation". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1460158/.

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This thesis addresses the various problems of copredication: the phenomenon whereby two predicates are applied to a single argument, but they appear to require that their argument denote different things. For instance, in the sentence ‘The lunch was delicious but went on for hours’, the predicate ‘delicious’ appears to require that ‘the lunch’ denote food, while ‘went on’ appears to require that it denote an event. Copredication raises philosophical issues regarding the place of a reference relation in semantic theory. It also raises issues concerning the ascription of sortal requirements to predicates in framing a theory of semantic anomaly. Finally, many quantified copredication sentences have truth conditions that cannot be accounted for given standard assumptions, because the predicates used impose distinct criteria of individuation on the objects to which they apply. For instance, the sentence ‘Three books are heavy and informative’ cannot be true in a situation involving only a trilogy (informationally three books, but physically only one), nor in a situation involving only three copies of the same book (physically three books, but informationally only one): the three books involved must be both physically and informationally distinct. The central claims of this thesis are that nouns supporting copredication denote sets of complex objects, and that lexical entries incorporate information about their criteria of individuation, defined in terms of equivalence relations on subsets of the domain of discourse. Criteria of individuation are combined during semantic composition, then accessed and exploited by quantifiers in order to specify that the objects quantified over are distinct in defined ways. This novel approach is presented formally in Chapters 2 and 3, then compared with others in the literature in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, the discussion is extended to the question of the implications of this approach for the form that a semantic theory should take.

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7

Sakowski, Derek J. "Aquinas, Owens, and individuation". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1999. http://www.tren.com.

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8

Melin, Roger. "Persons : their identity and individuation". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-85031.

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This study is about the nature of persons and personal identity. It belongs to a tradition that maintains that in order to understand what it is to be a person we must clarify what personal identity consists in. In this pursuit, I differentiate between the problems (i) How do persons persist? and (ii) What facts, if any, does personal identity consist in? Concerning the first question, I argue that persons persist three-dimensionally (the endurance view), and not four-dimensionally (the perdurarne view), on the ground that objects must always fall under some substance sortal concept S (the sortal dependency of individuation), and that the concept person entails that objects falling under it are three-dimensional. Concerning the second question, I differentiate between Criterianists, who maintain that it is possible to specify a non-circular and informative criterion for personal identity, and Non-Criterianists, who deny that such a specification is possible. I argue against Criterianist accounts of personal identity on the ground that they are either (i) circular, (ii) violate the intrinsicality of identity or (iii) do not adequately represent what we are essentially. I further criticise three Psychological Non-Criterianist accounts of personal identity on the ground that they wrongly assume that 'person' refers to mental entities. Instead I formulate the Revised Animal Attribute View where person is understood as a basic sortal concept which picks out a biological sort of enduring animals. In this, I claim that the real essence of a person is determined by the real essence of the kind of animal he is, without thereby denying that persons have a real essence as persons.
digitalisering@umu

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9

Hiernaux, Quentin. "Individuation et philosophie du végétal". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/269874.

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Résumé de la thèse :Individuation et philosophie du végétalQu’est-ce qu’un individu végétal ?Comment définir cette notion et pourquoi poser une telle question ?Tout d’abord, d’un point de vue très général, l’individualité a trait autant à la philosophie qu’à la biologie. On peut donc se demander si l’acception traditionnelle de l’individu en philosophie est différente de celle(s) des biologistes. Ensuite, c’est une question dont on peut suivre l’évolution historique à travers les avancées scientifiques (non sans son lot de nouvelles questions philosophiques). La conception antique de l’individualité de la plante n’est pas la même que celle de la botanique de la Renaissance, du XIXe siècle ou de la biologie néoévolutionniste. Des approches spécifiques à la botanique existent au sein de la problématique de l’individualité biologique. Elles croisent à de nombreuses reprises la philosophie. De même, des philosophes contemporains du végétal ne sont-ils pas influencés par les avancées récentes de l’écologie et des sciences environnementales ?Les idées de certains philosophes de la tradition sont ainsi parfois convoquées en dialogue avec les découvertes scientifiques de leur temps. Du point de vue méthodologique, notre enquête philosophique sur l’individualité végétale repose sur un dialogue avec les sciences biologiques contemporaines. Pour commencer, nous introduisons les concepts, définitions et critères de départ à partir desquels nous pouvons comprendre ce que sont un végétal et un individu du point de vue des sciences biologiques. Cette entrée en matière est mise en perspective et problématisée avec les définitions philosophiques traditionnelles de l’individualité et les conceptions habituellement occupées par les plantes dans la philosophie occidentale. Dans ce cadre, nous introduisons la pensée de Simondon qui nous sera utile au fil de la réflexion. Sur un plan formel, nous élaborons une tripartition des critères de l’individualité biologique afin de structurer l’enquête. L’individualité végétale est ainsi investiguée dans un premier temps selon un axe morphologique et spatio-temporel. Celui-ci nous permet de résumer plusieurs grandes positions de l’histoire de la botanique sur la question qui nous occupe. Nous étudions aussi dans quelle mesure la botanique contemporaine peut nous instruire à ce sujet selon différents points de vue et échelles. Ensuite, nous abordons la question de l’individualité selon un axe évolutionniste et génétique. Nous montrons plus en détail comment la question de l’individualité est liée à des concepts comme le génome, l’espèce ou la sexualité et quelles implications bien particulières le végétal leur fait subir au sein de ce contexte. Enfin, une troisième partie est dédiée à l’étude de l’individualité selon une perspective physiologique et fonctionnelle. Outre le contraste que cette approche permet d’introduire à propos de certains des concepts susmentionnés, elle pose de façon plus générale la question des limites de l’individu végétal à travers la problématique des symbioses, du système immunitaire ou du système nerveux. Ces points nous conduisent à interroger l’individu végétal en le mettant à l’épreuve d’une possible unité comportementale. Il n’est en effet a priori pas certain que l’on puisse lui appliquer un tel concept avec son cortège de conséquences (la sensibilité, la mémoire, l’intelligence…).Ces questions épistémologiques ne manquent pas de soulever des problèmes et enjeux proprement philosophiques comme le lien de l’individualité à la subjectivité, la place des vivants non-animaux en philosophie ou le rapport essentiel du végétal à l’environnement. Finalement, nous nous demandons, dans une perspective plus simondonnienne, dans quelle mesure poser la question de l’individualité végétale en termes de processus d’individuation avec son milieu pourrait déplacer la problématique et apporter ou non quelque chose à la compréhension du végétal dans ses rapports aux sciences biologiques contemporaines. À cet effet, nous sommes amenés à nous positionner vis-à-vis de plusieurs thèses contemporaines d’auteurs, que l’on peut qualifier de façon très libérale de philosophes de la nature (Marder, Coccia…), pour en tirer des conclusions originales sur le statut de l’individu végétal.De manière plus transversale, l’une des spécificités de notre enquête consiste à partir de problèmes concrets et situés posés par l’individualité végétale. Nous montrons comment ceux-ci entrent en tension ou induisent des décalages et ambigüités avec les modèles théoriques préalablement proposés. La perspective végétale, par les résistances qu’elle suscite, se révèle un formidable moteur de la réflexion philosophique. Elle nous amène ainsi à remettre en question de nombreux points de vue sur l’individualité et sur les plantes. Sur cette base, cette thèse ouvre ainsi des perspectives philosophiques novatrices, parfois contre-intuitives au regard des préjugés dont le végétal a été victime dans notre tradition moderne occidentale.
Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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10

Chen, Ching-Chen. "Psychological Individuation East and West: The Cross-Cultural Validity of a Brief Measure of Separation-Individuation". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470043788.

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11

Manning, Colin Ph D. "Issue Individuation in Public Reason Liberalism". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu161675417735823.

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12

Le, Corre François. "Distinguishing the senses : individuation and classification". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066419.

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Cette Dissertation porte sur deux problèmes théoriques concernant les modalités sensorielles. Le premier pose la question de savoir comment les sens sont individués (indépendamment de la façon dont on les conçoit communément). La stratégie consiste à tester la résistance des critères d'individuation proposés dans la littérature contre les objections qui leur ont été adressées. Je défends la thèse selon laquelle les sens sont individués par les propriétés environnementales auxquelles ils donnent accès, et je montre que ce critère résiste à toutes les objections qui lui ont été adressés. Le second problème concerne l'origine de notre croyance en exactement cinq sens. Sur la base d'observations issues de l'anthropologie et de la linguistique comparative, je défends que cette croyance résulte uniquement de ce qui nous a été enseigné. En outre, ce travail doctoral contient deux études supplémentaires. La première porte sur la question de savoir comment les gens distinguent ordinairement les sens. Je défends que nos concepts ordinaires des sens sont sensibles aux types de propriétés environnementales auxquelles les sens donnent accès ainsi qu'aux parties du corps auxquelles ils sont attachés. La seconde étude se concentre sur le phénomène de la substitution sensorielle, longtemps considéré comme un défi pour l'individuation des sens. Je défends que la substitution sensorielle n'est pas un défi de cet ordre parce que le type d'information environnementale traité par un outil de substitution sensorielle est métamodale, i.e. accessible par n'importe qu'elle modalité
This Dissertation is concerned with two theoretical issues about the senses. The first issue focuses on the question how the senses are to be individuated (regardless of the way one commonly conceive of them). The strategy is to test the ability of the criteria of individuation available in the literature to withstand objections. I argue that the senses are to be individuated in terms of the environmental properties they give access to, and show that this criterion can withstand all of the objections it has received. The second issue is the question why do we believe in exactly five senses? On the basis of observations from anthropology and comparative linguistics, I argue that this belief result from what we been taught. In addition, this Dissertation contains two supplementary studies. The first study focuses on the question how people ordinarily distinguish among the senses. I argue that people are sensitive both to the types of environmental properties the senses give access to and to the body parts they are attached to. The second study is concerned with the phenomenon of sensory substitution that has long been considered as a challenge for the individuation of the senses. I argue that sensory substitution is not a challenge of this kink because the type of environmental information processed by a sensory substitution device is metamodal, i.e. accessible through any sensory modality

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Cowburn, Sheila. "Celibacy and individuation : a Jungian perspective". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13853.

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Bibliography: leaves 51-55.
The aim of this study is to answer the question: is celibacy psychologically heal thy with specific reference to Christianity? Jungian theory is utilized to develop a theoretical framework in which celibacy may be viewed. The meaning of celibacy is initially examined from a Christian perspective as a form of love and contrasted with celibacy's meaning and implications from a Jungian perspective. This is done by means of a comprehensive exposition of Jung's concept of individuation, what is understood by "psychological health" and how this is linked with religious experience. The integration of instinctuality and spirituality is then centrally addressed in an elaboration of the concepts of sexuality, religion and mysticism and Jung's critique of Christianity. Further levels of the meaning of celibacy, as possible specific and unique constellations of an individual's psychic development are examined in both negative and positive forms. It is concluded that from a Jungian perspective celibacy in the main is not psychologically healthy, and specific points of departure between Jung and Catholicism are highlighted.

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14

Bissa, Bi Nzue Astride. "Art et individuation : la rupture expressionniste". Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOL019.

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L’expressionnisme, considéré comme l’une des plus grandes avancées esthétiques du 20ème siècle, s’attache à une conception de la création artistique comme construction de la personne, mode d’individuation. Et, prenant le contre-pied des critères de définition habituels, le Beau ou la Forme, cette esthétique singulière née dans un contexte particulièrement difficile, représente pour l’art du début du 20ème siècle et toute la pensée esthétique contemporaine, un véritable catalyseur. En effet, l’expressionnisme induit une transformation totale du mode représentatif de l’art, celle de la figure du sujet humain et de son rapport au monde, donnant ainsi à l’art une nouvelle dimension anthropologique. Il marque donc une approche de l’art qui permet de mettre au jour ou de résoudre la question d’une éthique de l’humain, incompatible avec des définitions essentialistes. Ainsi, cette esthétique apparaît d’abord comme le rejet catégorique d’une réalité sociale, culturelle et politique particulièrement éprouvante, mais qui semble en même temps forger son caractère et déterminer ses orientations. L’émergence du primitivisme est à cet égard emblématique. Ce primitivisme qui apparaît comme acceptation, comme reconnaissance d’une altérité quasi radicale, quête de sens et d’identité, affecte l’expressionnisme et l’art contemporain dans leur conception de l’art et de la conception de la vie. Par conséquent, cette impulsion tout à fait particulière du primitivisme représente l’une des meilleures manifestations de la révolution esthétique du 20ème siècle mais aussi, fait de l’expressionnisme le creuset d’une conception de l’art et de l’homme en dehors de tout particularisme tranché et de formes arrêtées
Expressionism, considered like one of the most esthetic advanced of the 20th century, is related to an artistic creation conception like the person building, individuation mode. And, taking the opposite of usuals definiton critarials, Nice and Shape, this singular esthetic born in a difficult particular context, represent a real catalyzer for the art of the bigginning of the 20th century and the whole comtemporain esthetic thinking. Sure enough, expressionism induct a whole transformation of the representative mode of art, the one of the human subject face and his relation with world, thus giving a new anthropolical dimension to art. So this indicate an approach of art which permit to set or resolve the question of an human ethic, imcompatible to the essentialists definitions. Thus, this esthetic appears like first a categorical reject of a social, cultural and politcal reality particulary difficult, but which seems at the same time build his temperament and determine his orientations. The appearance of primitivisme is as this respect emblematic. This primitivism which appears like an acceptation, like a recongnition, like an altirity almost radical, seeks of identity and senses, affecting expressionism and comtemporain art in their conception of art and life. Consequently, this special impulsion of previtivism represent one of the most manifestations of the esthetic revolution of the 20th Century but also, fact that expressionism the melting pot of an art conception and human out of stand out and rules

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15

Torrente, Luca. "Génération, nature et individuation chez Aristote". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUL015.pdf.

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Cette thèse se propose d’examiner le problème de l’individuation chez Aristote à partir d’une étude sur la génération des êtres vivants. Ce choix a permis d’aborder un problème controversé selon une perspective quasiment inédite. La première partie de la thèse est une analyse de la génération des substances physiques dans le corpus aristotélicien. Ce chapitre vise à mettre en évidence les caractères propres de la génération absolue des substances par rapport aux autres types de devenir. La deuxième partie étudie l’embryogenèse des vivants dans une perspective qui cherche à intégrer le modèle hylémorphique dans un autre modèle, plus complexe et exhaustif, qui est celui du développement dynamique. Dans la troisième partie, c’est le problème de l’individuation qui est visé. On achève l’analyse de la génération animale jusqu’à sa fin : le développement des caractères héréditaires et particuliers de chaque individu. Les deux thèses les plus connues – l’identification du principe d’individuation avec la matière ou la forme – sont discutées et critiquées. On propose enfin une solution qui établit trois causes particulières capables d’expliquer la génération d’un individu en tant qu’individu, en s’appuyant sur un passage de Métaphysique Λ 5. La quatrième partie prend en compte la spécificité de l’être humain dans la question de l’individuation. Il est question de l’individualisation de l’homme, c’est-à-dire du processus par lequel un certain individu cherche à se constituer comme sujet agent et personne morale autonome à l’intérieur d’une communauté donnée
My thesis proposes to examine the problem of individuation in Aristotle’s philosophy from a study on the generation of living beings. This choice has made possible to approach a controversial problem from an almost unprecedented perspective. The first part of the thesis is an analysis of the generation of physical substances in the Aristotelian corpus. This chapter aims to highlight the specific characteristics of the absolute generation of substances in relation to other types of becoming. The second part studies the embryogenesis of the living beings from a perspective that seeks to integrate the hylomorphic model into another, more complex and exhaustive model, which is that of dynamic development. In the third part, the problem of individuation is addressed. We complete the analysis of the animal generation to its end: the development of the hereditary and particular characteristics of each individual. The two best-known theses – the identification of the principle of individuation with matter or form – are discussed and criticized. Finally, a solution is proposed that establishes three particular causes capable of explaining the generation of an individual as an individual, based on a passage from Metaphysics Λ 5. The fourth part considers the specificity of the human being in the question of individuation. It is a question of the individualization of man, the process by which a certain individual seeks to constitute himself as an agent subject and autonomous legal person within a given community

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Peyton, Amanda, i mandypeyton@yahoo com. "Different shades of blue individuation and depression". Swinburne University of Technology, 2004. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060412.152618.

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Depression is uniformly identified as psychopathology by diagnostic systems such as the DSM-IV-TR and the ICD-10 and is viewed as a negatively biased perception by cognitive theories. However, a number of psychological and spiritual perspectives propose that the experience of depression may have positive outcomes for some individuals in the form of psychological growth and individuation, including theories from within the psychodynamic and humanistic traditions. These perspectives informed the formulation of the individuation theory of depression explored in this thesis. One empirically based perspective from which growth is considered as a potential outcome of depression, is that of depressive realism. This psychological stance of diminished self-deception in depressed individuals compared with non-depressed individuals is viewed as an opportunity for new levels of self-awareness and growth. The newly burgeoning field of posttraumatic growth research provides another empirical model from which the individuation theory of depression is explored in this thesis. The current research examined the relationships among depression, selfdeception and psychological growth in two studies. The first study used selfreport methodology, incorporating measures of prior and current depression, selfdeception (in the form of denial and positive illusions) and psychological growth (in the form of self-actualisation, adversarial growth and level of egodevelopment). The sample consisted of 132 women and 58 men (M=36 years, SD=14.4) who were divided into previously depressed (n=51), currently depressed (n=45), and never depressed (n=87) groups. The hypotheses regarding the individuation theory of depressive realism were partially supported by the enduring nature of diminished denial and a greater sense of positive personal change as sequelae of depression. Results suggest that the patterns of negative thinking and diminished use of positive illusions that are typically found in depressed individuals, subside after recovery from depression, but that the diminished use of denial endures. Also as predicted, a sense of positive personal change was significantly greater in the previously depressed group as compared with the never depressed group, particularly in the forms of personal strength and appreciation of life. Self-actualisation scores, however, were similar between the two groups. Contrary to expectations, no sex differences were evident for either the self-deception or the growth variables. Self-actualisation was significantly higher at the highest levels of ego development compared with the lowest as expected, yet levels of growth and self-deception were not significantly different between the levels of ego development. Preliminary analysis of qualitative data derived from responses to open-ended questions about change as a result of depression, reflected predominately positive themes of adversarial growth and benefit from the experience, especially in those of high ego-development. This formed the basis for the focus of the second study, which was an in-depth qualitative investigation. The second study examined the individuation theory of depression further via interviews with 10 women and 6 men of high ego development who had experienced a significant depression in their lives. After describing their experiences of depression, the respondents were asked to elaborate upon the ways in which they felt they had been changed by their depression. Themes were overwhelmingly positive and the most commonly reported responses were those of a changed perception of self through a newfound inner strength, greater selfworth and self-acceptance. Enhanced empathy and compassion were also reported, as were changed priorities and a greater appreciation of life, especially in aspects of simplicity. Recognition of choices and acceptance of personal responsibility for the choices made were prominent themes in some accounts, and a number of interviewees reported the need to revise their approach to spirituality. Although less prominent in their accounts, negative changes included an increased sense of vulnerability and sensitivity as a mixed blessing, and the need for ongoing management of the risk factors for depression in their lifestyle. Some degree of cynicism about aspects of life was evident in a few respondents. Paradoxes emerged in the interviewees� material congruent with high levels of ego development. For example, some individuals� accounts included perceptions of increased strength in parallel with awareness of greater degrees of vulnerability. Results from the two studies provide plausible evidence for the notion that growth is not only possible, but is also a commonly experienced outcome of depression, especially in those at higher levels of ego development. The salutary nature of depression is discussed in relation to the theories presented and an argument is made for a more developmentally defined and differentiated understanding of depressive experience than cognitive definitions and pathological labels generally afford. Suggestions are made for directions for further research into the individuation theory of depression, including deepening our understanding of the potential for growth as a result of depression at other levels of ego-development.

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Grun, Markus. "Psychoanalytische Reflexionen zur Kunst der Individuation Stückwerk". Hamburg Kovač, 2007. http://d-nb.info/990049361/04.

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Vossen, Petrus Theodorus Joseph Marie. "Grammatical and conceptual individuation in the lexicon /". Amsterdam : IFOTT, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374749645.

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Zalamea, Federico. "Chasing individuation : mathematical description of physical systems". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC149/document.

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Résumé: Ce travail se veut une analyse conceptuelle de certains développements récents dans les fondements mathématiques de la Mécanique Classique et de la Mécanique Quantique qui ont permis de formuler ces deux théories dans un même langage. Du point de vue algébrique, l’ensemble des observables d’un système physique, soit-il classique ou quantique, est décrit par une algèbre de Jordan-Lie. Du point de vue géométrique, l’espace des états de tout système est décrit par un espace uniforme de Poisson avec transition de probabilité. Ces deux structures mathématiques sont ici interprétées comme une manifestation du double rôle constitutif des propriétés en physique : elles sont à la fois des quantités et des transformations. Il s’agit alors de comprendre l’articulation précise entre ces deux rôles. Au cours de l’analyse, il apparaîtra que la Mécanique Quantique peut être vue comme se distinguant de la Mécanique Classique par une condition de compatibilité entres les quantités et les transformations.D’autre part, cette thèse met en évidence l’existence d’une tension fondamentale entre une certaine façon abstraite de concevoir les structures mathématiques, présente dans la pratique de la physique mathématique, et la nécessité de spécifier des états ou des observables particulières. Il devient alors important de comprendre comment, dans le formalisme, se construit un schéma d’indexation. La “poursuite de l’individuation” est l’analyse de différentes techniques mathématiques vues comme tentatives de résolution ce problème. En particulier,nous discuterons comment la théorie des groupes permet d’y apporter une solution partielle
This work is a conceptual analysis of certain recent developments in the mathematical foundations of Classical and Quantum Mechanics which have allowed to formulate both theories in a common language. From the algebraic point of view, the set of observables of a physical system, be it classical or quantum, is described by a Jordan-Lie algebra. From the geometric point of view, the space of states of any system is described by a uniform Poisson space with transition probability. Both these structures are here perceived as formal translations of the fundamental two fold role of properties in Mechanics: they are at the same time quantities and transformations. The question becomes then to understand the precise articulation between these two roles. The analysis will show that Quantum Mechanics canbe thought as distinguishing itself from Classical Mechanics by a compatibility condition between properties-as-quantities and properties-as-transformations. Moreover, this dissertation shows the existence of a tension between a certain ‘abstractway’ of conceiving mathematical structures, used in the practice of mathematical physics, and the necessary capacity to specify particular states or observables. It then becomes important to understand how, within the formalism, one can construct a labelling scheme. The “Chasefor Individuation” is the analysis of diferent mathematical techniques which attempt to overcome this tension. In particular, we discuss how group theory furnishes a partial solution

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Fontanari, Laura. "Object Individuation in Domestic Chicks (Gallus gallus)". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367670.

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Object individuation is the process by which organisms establish the number of distinct objects present in an event. The ability of individuating objects was investigated in two/three-day-old chicks (Gallus gallus). A first series of experiments (Exp. 1 - Exp. 6) assessed the role of the property information provided by colour, shape, size or individually distinctive features, as well as spatiotemporal information in object individuation. A second series (Exp. 7 - Exp. 10) aimed at investigating the ability to use property/kind information using imprinting objects and food items (i.e. mealworms) as stimuli of different category. Newborn chicks were exposed (i.e., imprinted) to sets of objects which were different or identical for property and property/kind information, and the chicksâ€™ spontaneous tendency to approach the larger group of imprinting objects and food items was exploited. Each chick underwent a free choice test in which two groups of events were shown: a group comprised two different stimuli (i.e. for property or for kind); the second group was composed by a single stimulus presented twice. Every stimulus in each group of events was sequentially presented and concealed in the same spatial location and the number of events taking place at each location was equalized (Sequential Presentation test). Chicks spontaneously approached the two different objects rather than the single object seen twice. A possible preference for the more varied set of stimuli was excluded by testing chicks in a simultaneous presentation of two different objects Vs. two identical objects (Simultaneous Presentation test). Moreover, use of spatiotemporal information was assessed through simultaneous presentation of three identical objects Vs. two different objects. When increasing the number of presentations of the single stimulus (up to 3 times) and comparing it with two different stimuli presented once each, chicks correctly individuated the larger group of imprinting objects only if objects were all different from one another (i.e. distinctive features had been put on each object). Any role of experience was excluded by presenting chicks with stimuli of a completely novel colour with respect to the original colour of the imprinting stimuli. Results show that chicks are able to use the property information provided by colour, shape, size or individually distinctive features, spatiotemporal information and property/kind information provided by social and food categories for object individuation. The fact that object individuation is precociously available in the young of a vertebrate species suggests it may depend on inborn biological predispositions rather than on experiential or language-related processes.

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Fontanari, Laura. "Object Individuation in Domestic Chicks (Gallus gallus)". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2011. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/633/1/Laura_Fontanari_Object_individuation_in_domestic_chicks_(Gallus_gallus).pdf.

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Object individuation is the process by which organisms establish the number of distinct objects present in an event. The ability of individuating objects was investigated in two/three-day-old chicks (Gallus gallus). A first series of experiments (Exp. 1 - Exp. 6) assessed the role of the property information provided by colour, shape, size or individually distinctive features, as well as spatiotemporal information in object individuation. A second series (Exp. 7 - Exp. 10) aimed at investigating the ability to use property/kind information using imprinting objects and food items (i.e. mealworms) as stimuli of different category. Newborn chicks were exposed (i.e., imprinted) to sets of objects which were different or identical for property and property/kind information, and the chicks’ spontaneous tendency to approach the larger group of imprinting objects and food items was exploited. Each chick underwent a free choice test in which two groups of events were shown: a group comprised two different stimuli (i.e. for property or for kind); the second group was composed by a single stimulus presented twice. Every stimulus in each group of events was sequentially presented and concealed in the same spatial location and the number of events taking place at each location was equalized (Sequential Presentation test). Chicks spontaneously approached the two different objects rather than the single object seen twice. A possible preference for the more varied set of stimuli was excluded by testing chicks in a simultaneous presentation of two different objects Vs. two identical objects (Simultaneous Presentation test). Moreover, use of spatiotemporal information was assessed through simultaneous presentation of three identical objects Vs. two different objects. When increasing the number of presentations of the single stimulus (up to 3 times) and comparing it with two different stimuli presented once each, chicks correctly individuated the larger group of imprinting objects only if objects were all different from one another (i.e. distinctive features had been put on each object). Any role of experience was excluded by presenting chicks with stimuli of a completely novel colour with respect to the original colour of the imprinting stimuli. Results show that chicks are able to use the property information provided by colour, shape, size or individually distinctive features, spatiotemporal information and property/kind information provided by social and food categories for object individuation. The fact that object individuation is precociously available in the young of a vertebrate species suggests it may depend on inborn biological predispositions rather than on experiential or language-related processes.

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Rieck, Ute. "Empowerment : kirchliche Erwachsenenbildung als Ermächtigung und Provokation /". Berlin : Lit, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3171399&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Woods, Rebecca Jindalee. "Infants' use of luminance information in object individuation". Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/261.

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Recent research suggests that by 4 months of age infants are able to individuate objects using form features, such as shape and size, but surface features, such as pattern and color, are not used until later in the first year (Wilcox, 1999). The current study sought to investigate two possible explanations for this developmental hierarchy. The visual maturation hypothesis suggests that the order in which infants use features to individuate objects corresponds to the order in which they are most readily processed by the developing visual system. A second hypothesis, the information processing biases hypothesis, suggests that infants are biased to attend to form features because form features provide information that is relevant to reasoning about object interactions. One way to test these hypotheses is to investigate infants' ability to individuate objects based on luminance. Luminance is detected at birth, so, according to the visual maturation hypothesis, luminance, like shape and size, will be used to individuate objects early in the first year. However, luminance is a surface property, so according to the information processing biases hypothesis, luminance, like pattern and color, will be used to individuate objects late in the first year. In the current study, 7-month-old (Experiment 1) and 11-month-old (Experiment 2) infants' use of luminance information in an object individuation task was investigated. The narrow-screen event-monitoring paradigm developed by Wilcox and Baillargeon (1998a) was used. Infants saw an event in which a ball moved behind a screen and a second ball emerged from behind the opposite edge of the screen. In one condition, the balls were identical, suggesting the presence of one object (same-luminance condition), and in another condition, the balls differed in luminance, suggesting the presence of two objects (different-luminance condition). The screen was either too narrow (narrow-screen event) or sufficiently wide (wide-screen event) to occlude two objects simultaneously. Seven-month-olds looked equally at each event, whereas 11.5-month-old's looked longer at the narrow-screen event in the different-luminance condition. These results suggest that 11.5-month-olds, but not 7.5-month-olds used luminance information to conclude that two distinct objects were involved in the event, thus supporting the information processing biases hypothesis.

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Sehlberg, Johan. "Individuation : Ontogenes : Prolegomena till Gilbert Simondons genetiska ontologi". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-15702.

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The following text constitutes an attempt to present the French philosopher Gilbert Simondon's genetic ontology through an account of his reconfiguration of the problem of individuation in his doctoral thesis from 1958, L'individuation à la lumière des notions de forme, information, potentiel, métastabilité. The intention is to show how Simondon through this reconfiguration of a classical philosophical problem – in which concepts and schemas from contemporary physics and technology is utilised in a critique of the bi-polar hylomorphic schema as its traditional, substantialistic solution – becomes able to articulate an anti-substantialistic and anti-reductionistic ontogenesis as first philosophy. A systematic philosophical conception that according to Simondon precedes every critical investigation of the subject as well as every scientific ontology – not by establishing a pre-critical position, but by exceeding Kant's critical position: that is, through a displacement toward a conception of the transcendental conditions for the genesis of being and thought as real conditions, rather than conditions of mere possibility. A displacement that in turn appears to respond to the question that frames this basic account of important concepts and schemas in Simondon, namely: in what sense and to what extent is it necessary for philosophical thought to be thought and developed in relation to other forms of thought?

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Sorrentino, Christina M. 1967. "Individuation, identity and proper names in cognitive development". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9674.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-199).
The ability to individuate entities (i.e. conceptualize one entity as distinct from two) and trace their identity (i.e. judge that an entity is the same one as an entity encountered before) is a fundamental component of the human mind and is critical to proper name reference (i.e. a proper name, like lvfax, refers to a unique individual, namely Max). Philosophers have proposed that sortals-concepts which refer to kinds of individuals-support these abilities (Gupta, 1980; Hirsch, 1982; Macnamara, 1986; Wiggins, 1967, 1980). However, while adults may well have sortal concepts and learn proper names for individuals, it is an open question whether children do so also. Proponents of the Continuity hypothesis (e.g. Macnamara, 1982; Pinker, 1984) argue that children and adults have fundamentally the same conceptual resources, whereas proponents of the Discontinuity hypothesis (e.g. Piaget, 1954; Quine, 1960, 1969) argue that child.en and adults have qualitatively different conceptual systems. In this thesis, evidence is reviewed that very young infants have at least one sortal, physical object, which suggests that infants have the conceptual structure needed to support representations of kinds and individuals. Experiments probing infant understanding of the concept, person, suggest that infants have the ability to reason about the action and appearance of others, but data presented in the thesis falls short of providing conclusive evidence that infants under a year are able to individuate people. Evidence is presented that by age three, children represent unique individuals and interpret proper names in an adult like manner as referring to unique individuals. This rules out a discontinuity alternative, namely that preschoolers represent proper names as referring to highly similar objects or to restricted subkinds. Evidence is also presented that children as young as two years are like adults in being willing to accept a range of individuals as nameable if given information which highlights the named objects' importance, such as the attribution of mental states to the object. Together these findings provide support for the continuity hypothesis and suggest a number of avenues of research into children's understanding of kinds, individuals, and their names.
by Christina M. Sorrentino.
Ph.D.

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Labussière, Jean-Louis. "Individu et individuation dans la philosophie des Lumières". Dijon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988DIJOL008.

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On s'efforce d'étudier le statut de l'individu et, le cas échéant, de l'individuation, aussi bien sur le plan métaphysique qu'à travers les divers domaines de la connaissance scientifique, en accordant une place particulière au droit et à l'histoire naturelle. La distinction cosmos nature sert de fil conducteur, le naturalisme, quelle que soit sa forme, apparaissant comme un anti-individualisme, et le concept d'individu comme un concept cosmologique. Le sensualisme est profondément naturaliste, et constitue une sorte d'aristotélisme inverse, tout comme la doctrine de Buffon. Montesquieu et Maupertuis, qui sont rapprochés, font tous deux une grande place au cosmos, mais réduisent l'individu à l'existence hasardeuse. Quant aux encyclopédistes, étudiés à travers Diderot et sa théorie de la qualité individuelle, leur conception du cosmos ne peut être séparée d'un certain esthétisme ; ce qui est individuel est pour eux un vécu irréductible, qui ne peut qu'être représenté. C'est finalement sur le plan éthique que les Lumières ont le mieux posé le problème de l'individuel, c'est à dire de la singularité, comme on tente de le démontrer à travers l'étude de Rousseau, notamment de l'Emile et de Kant
The author endeavors to study the status of the individual, and if need be, of individuation, as well on the metaphysical plane as through the various fields of scientific knowledge, granting a privileged importance to law and natural history. The distinction between cosmos and nature is the leading thread followed, naturalism, whatever form it may assume, appearing as a kind of anti-individualism, and the concept of the individual as a cosmological concept. Sensualism is precisely deeply naturalistic and constitutes a sort of inverted Aristotelianism in the same way as the doctrine of Buffon. Montesquieu and Maupertuis, between whom a link is established, both grant a very distinctive place to the notion of cosmos, but reduce the individual to a hazardous being. As to the encylopaedists, studied through Diderot and his theory of individual quality, their conception of the cosmos cannot be isolated from a certain aestheticism: what is individual is for them an irreducible form of that which has been lived. Finally, it is on the ethical plane that the age of enlightenment has best formulated the problem of the individual, i. E. That of singularity, as the author tries to demonstrate it through the study of Rousseau and Kant

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Graham, Owen B. "The Chiron Complex| From Spiritual Bypassing to Individuation". Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10259225.

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This thesis uses hermeneutic and heuristic methodologies to draw together the myth of Chiron and the phenomenon of spiritual bypassing. Spiritual bypassing is the tendency to use spiritual beliefs, teachings, and practices to avoid dealing with one’s psychology, painful feelings, unresolved wounds, and developmental issues. Chiron is a mythological figure who mentored a number of Greek heroes and Asclepius, the god of medicine in ancient Greek religion and mythology. Chiron, like his mentee Asclepius, embodies the Wounded Healer archetype. Chiron’s wounding and healing journey can serve as a roadmap for spiritual practitioners on how to navigate out of bypass and deepen their path toward self-realization and individuation. Developing an archetypal awareness of one’s wounds appears to reveal the aspects of one’s psychology defended against in spiritual bypass. This emerging roadmap and lessons from Chiron’s journey may help therapists, healers, and spiritual teachers accelerate their own path and assist clients.

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Sabaka, Samuel M. "Psychometric integrity of a measure of dysfunctional separation-individuation in young adolescents". Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/766.

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Delhaye, Marie. "Individuation et détachement à l'adolescence: explorations cliniques et psychopathologiques". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209615.

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Ce travail de thèse repose sur une recherche qui s'est intéressée à un groupe de 151 adolescents de 15 à 18 ans bien différenciés au départ. Nous avons recruté un groupe de jeunes « hospitalisés » en unité pédopsychiatrique, un groupe d'adolescents délinquants institutionnalisés dans une institution publique de protection de la jeunesse et un groupe d'adolescents « contrôles » recrutés dans un lycée bruxellois.

Ces groupes ont été comparés en fonction de trois concepts importants de la pédopsychiatrie du développement. Il s'agit du parenting, de la séparation individuation, et de l'attachement.

Les outils utilisés sont des auto-questionnaires mesurant d’une part, le parenting, la séparation-individuation et l’attachement et, d’autre part, les aptitudes socio-émotionnelles des jeunes (résilience, empathie, intelligence émotionnelle). Nous avons aussi fait passer une interview diagnostic (Kiddie- Sadds) ainsi qu’un test d’évaluation intellectuelle (WISC IV ou WAIS III).

La première partie de la recherche a consisté à évaluer si les outils utilisés étaient suffisamment fiables et valides pour un usage en langue française dans un échantillon plus important. Au cours de la deuxième étape, nous avons comparé les trois groupes en fonction des trois concepts définis auparavant.

Ce sont surtout les résultats de la comparaison des trois groupes qui ont été développés dans le travail qui suit. L’autre partie des résultats peut être retrouvée dans les articles publiés.

\
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Gorst, Beth Jo-Ann. "Interplay - a visual exploration of the processes of individuation". AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/825.

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This project is an exploration, through art making processes, of a relationship between the interpretation of symbols and the interpretation of everyday life experiences, with a view to evolving a metaphorical visual language that might translate these experiences. Individuation is a process within Jungian psychology that relates the interpretation of symbols to the interpretation of life experiences and places their common meanings within a definitive framework of individual human development. The archetypal pattern that this framework outlines is the development of a healthy relationship between an individual’s consciousness and the unconscious. The word metaphor originates from Greek metapherein – “to carry over, transfer; meta` beyond, over + fe`rein to bring, bear. It is the transference of the relation between one set of objects to another set for the purpose of brief explanation… the statement “that man is a fox,” is a metaphor” (Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 2008) Due to its particular relationship to time, space, memory and light photography has proven to be an ideal way to engage, record, and present this exploration. Our personal photographs operate as visual metaphors for our personal experience, we transfer the experience into the photograph, we consider the photograph is that moment in time, that place, that experience, rather than being like that experience. The interpretation of personal photographs is entirely individual and emotional. When photographs are placed into the public arena their emotional value changes, their interpretation, purpose, and authenticity can become questionable. In this project the experience and the photographs are placed within the context of individuation, which is a model that guides the interpretation of the photographs and include the individual and emotional values as a necessary part of that interpretation. In this project the symbols and visual metaphors interpreted in the photographs operate as a narrative of the personal experience of the archetypal journey of individuation.

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Loghry, John Brendan. "The recreation of consciousness| Artificial intelligence and human individuation". Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3605083.

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Starting from Edward Edinger's portrayal of Jung's process of individuation as the creation of consciousness, this dissertation asks in what ways the creation of artificial intelligence (AI) can be seen as the recreation of consciousness, and specifically whether the AI's maturation from nonconsciousness to something equivalent to consciousness will have an analogous effect on humanity's development out of unconsciousness toward a greater state of cognitive freedom. Taking a functional perspective, this dissertation asks whether B. F. Skinner's metaphor of the human psyche as a black box, normally seen as expressing the belief that humans are mechanistic and determined, is in fact an attempt to insulate the most intimate of human experiences (the soul) from the intrusive gaze of the scientific mindset. Juxtaposing this black box metaphor with two other metaphors—that of the box that holds Schrodinger's cat and that of Pandora's box—this dissertation asks whether the presence of an entirely constructed entity that displays all the signs of soul will cause the artificially intelligent entity to act as a mirror, reflecting humanity's gaze past our inner defenses, to an inner absence where a metaphysical soul was once surmised to be. Although such a change in self-image would initially entail an apparent loss of meaning, this dissertation notes that such a lacuna of meaning is already growing in society and concludes that the loss of this concept would eventually result in a new concept of self that would represent an important milestone for the collective individuation of the species.

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32

Mora, Pierre. "La dé-individuation économique dans la filière viticole française". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00598371.

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La filière viticole française subit une récession de longue période sur son marché domestique dont les raisons profondes sont autant d'ordre sociologique et culturelle qu'économique. Parallèlement, elle se doit de tenir son rang sur les marchés internationaux où l'on observe une croissance de la consommation et une compétition plus vive de la part d'acteurs du nouveau monde. Face ces évolutions, la compréhension du consommateur, des différents acteurs de la filière ainsi que des outils marketing qu'ils emploient doit être interrogée et revisitée. Le but de cette thèse sur travaux est de décrire des évolutions de la filière et de présenter une tendance à la dé-individuation économique de ce domaine. Le principe d'individuation, avant tout d'ordre psychologique et biologique, postule qu'un individu diffère de tout autre et le distingue. Dans un contexte managérial, l'individuation peut être perçue d'une part dans l'étude du consommateur au travers de ses attentes, de ses besoins et de son comportement lors d'expérience d'achat, d'autre part dans l'analyse du comportement des offreurs, ici essentiellement des industriels - négociants, dans leur comportement stratégique, leur structure financière et les outils de développement employés. Par ailleurs, les choix opérés dans la gouvernance de la filière par les pouvoirs publics et les Interprofessions peuvent, dans leurs objectifs influer sur cette individuation économique. A contrario, la dé-individuation exprime ici un comportement de l'ensemble des parties prenantes d'un domaine tendant à réduire le caractère unique et différencié de chacun pour aller vers des formes de standardisation. Afin de présenter la dé-individuation économique dans la filière viticole, notre recherche repose sur une série de publications antérieures faites dans trois domaines : tout d'abord l'analyse de l'acheteur et du consommateur de vin dans un contexte de postmodernité approché au travers de ses expériences de consommation et des représentations qu'il s'en fait. Puis auprès d'une population d'entreprises viticoles françaises en observant les disparités et les similarités de leur structure financière et de leur stratégie notamment pour expliquer leur performance à l'export. Enfin, en étudiant des outils marketing employés par la profession parmi lesquels la marque dont on connaît le pouvoir de standardisation des comportements. Nos contributions enrichissent le corps théorique sur le comportement du consommateur et des formes contemporaines de gouvernance des entreprises. Pour la profession viticole, nos recherches contribuent à une prospective du domaine pour élaborer des scénarios futurs, mais aussi pour les managers des entreprises concernées par des prises de décision plus opérationnelles.

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33

Doherty, Ciuin. "The Imagination| A Path to Personal and Planetary Individuation". Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10113369.

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This thesis draws on Jungian psychology, neuroscience, ecopsychology, and cosmology to explore the role of the imagination in facilitating individuation at personal and planetary levels. Employing the methodology of organic inquiry, it is proposed that our imaginative faculties be revisioned as extensions of an exquisitely creative universe. The potential of engaging these streams of creative energy through active imagination is explored, particularly their capacity to heal trauma by integrating dissociated neural nets into the mainstream flow of the brain. It is suggested that this movement toward internal psychic wholeness may be mirrored in the external world as we step into right brain, imaginal, embodied modes of being. The thesis investigates whether such a holistic lens may allow us to see through the destructive Western myth of humanity’s separation from nature, enabling us to reconnect at a profound level, to our one and only life support system, the Earth.

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34

Le, Marc'hadour Rémi. "Identité et individuation dans l'oeuvre de Jorge Luis Borges". Rennes 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN20005.

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L'analyse des cadres généraux et des éléments représentatifs de l'imaginaire borgien permet de mettre en relief quelques schémas essentiels qui ont structuré la pensée et l'écriture du sujet. Ces figures dépassent amplement les données individuelles pour révéler des substrats symboliques ou archétypiques témoignant d'une conception originale de l'homme et du monde. L'aventure littéraire de Borges est d'abord une quête d'identité, une tentative de définition de soi. Le sujet borgien manifeste un clivage du moi dans la dualité de l'écriture et s'établit sur le renvoi spéculaire du je et de l'autre. De cette tension naît une aspiration profonde a la coïncidence des opposes, à l'instauration d'une authentique individuation. A travers les personnages de la prose narrative, la quête s'ouvre sur une problématique plus générale. Certains protagonistes de Borges souffrent de carences évidentes d'individuation ; d'autres connaissent une relation conflictuelle, mais fondamentale, au nom, symbole de l'identité
The analysis of Jorge Luis Borges's imaginary framework permits to value some essential structures or the subject's thinking and writing. But these structures go beyond the individual ; they reveal symbolical or archetypical substratum that supports an original conception of man an world. Borges's literary adventure is first an individual identity quest, an attempt at self definition. The split personality appears in a dual writing process and in the specular play of the ego and the other. A deep aspiration to the coincidence of opposites, to the establishment of an authentic individuation springs forth from this tension. This quest also transcribes a general matter of identity through the characters of the narrative prose. Some Borges's protagonists suffer an obvious deficiency of individuation, others maintain conflictual but basic relations with the name, a symbol of identity

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35

Duperret, Serge. "Individuation du greffé. Essai de réhabilitation par le récit". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T079/document.

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La greffe repose sur le don d’un organe qui, dans le cadre du don cadavérique, est issu d’un donateur qui n’a pas la conscience de donner. Le donneur et le receveur ne se connaitront jamais, et ce don prend le sens d’une réduction à la donation. Tout se passe comme si le donateur redonnait une chose dont il n’était pas propriétaire ; ce procès prend dès lors la forme d’un sacrifice ou redondance du don, au sens où celui qui a reçu redonne à son tour et sans retour. Il illustre également le concept d’hospitalité qui peut être mobilisé autant par le greffé, que par le soignant. Durant cet intervalle requis par la greffe, au sein de ce rituel symbolique et technique, le greffé est soumis à une réalité chaotique inconcevable et imprévisible. Ainsi, le mot peut manquer et l’écriture, par exemple, peut pallier cette carence, sous la forme d’ateliers ; expérience qui fut menée durant cette recherche et qui sera poursuivie. Sans s’opposer à la démarche des ateliers et outre l’avantage d’une mise en œuvre plus simple, le récit narratif s’est imposé pour trois raisons. - C’est une forme d’action, la plus élémentaire, la première possible après une longue période où toute action était devenue improbable. - C’est une façon de donner une cohérence au parcours subi et, même s’il s’agit d’une construction narrative, celle-ci participe à l’individuation du greffé, condition préalable pour envisager de nouvelles actions. - Enfin, ce récit peut être restitué au médecin qui a vécu l’acte de greffer, contrairement au malade. L’hypothèse est que cette hospitalité faite au récit permet d’une part, de renverser le schéma habituel – le soignant est dans la position de celui qui reçoit, non de celui qui donne –, d’autre part, de donner crédit au récit. Et, de proposer que la phase de réhabilitation, en rapport avec les actes thérapeutiques lourds, débute par ce type de récit où le malade parle et le soignant écoute, sans autre finalité, pour ce dernier, que d’accepter et de recevoir
The transplant bases of the donation of an organ which, within the framework of the deathly donation, arises from a donor who is not conscious to give. The donor and recipient will never know each other, and this donation takes the senses of a reduction in the donation. It’s as if the donor gave a thing which he didn’t own ; this process takes from then on the form of a sacrifice or a redundancy of the donation, meaning that the one who received becomes the one to give, with no return expectations. It also illustrates the concept of hospitality which can be mobilized by the transplanted and the caregiver. During this interval required by the transplant, within this symbolic and technical rite, the transplante is subjected to an inconceivable and unpredictable chaotic reality.The transplanted can be wordless, and the writing, for example, can mitigate this deficiency, in the form of workshops. Such an experience was carried out during this research and will be pursued.Without opposing the approach of workshops and besides the advantage of a simpler implementation, the narrative was imperative for three reasons :- it is the first possible form of action after a long period of inactivity.- It helps the transplanted to give a coherence to the tranplantation. Even if it is narrative construction, it participates in the individuation of the transplanted, a precondition to envisage new actions.- Finally, this narrative can be restored to the doctor who experienced the act to tranplant, contrary to the sick person. The hypothesis is that this hospitality made for the narrative allows on one hand, to reverse the ususal plan – the caregiver is in the position of the one who receives, not of the one who gives - , on the other hand, to give credit to the narrative.And, to propose that the rehabilitation phase, related to the heavy therapeutic acts, begins with this type of narrative where the sick person speaks and the caregiver listen to, without no other purpose, for the latter, than to accept and receive

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36

Maddrey, Amy Loren. "Birth order and the separation-individuation of late adolescents /". View online, 1997. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131178982.pdf.

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37

Truswell, Robert. "Locality of wh-movement and the individuation of events". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445886/.

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I propose a novel characterisation of the counterexamples to the generalisation that wh-movement out of an adjunct is impossible. The thesis discusses three classes of exceptions, namely extraction from in order clauses (la), prepositional participial adjuncts (lb), and bare present participial adjuncts (lc). (1) a. What are you working so hard in order to achieve? / b. Who did John go home after talking to? f c. What did John drive Mary crazy whistling? r These contrast with cases where extraction is impossible (2). (2) a. * What did you get upset because Mary said? r b. * Who have you been really happy since talking to? / c. * What does John work whistling? / These two groups do not form natural syntactic classes, but are distinguishable in event-structural terms. The minimal constituent containing the head and foot of the chain in (1) describes a single event, on an appropriate definition of event, but does not in (2). Accordingly, I propose the following condition: (3) W/z-questions carry a presupposition that the minimal constituent containing the head and the foot of the chain describes a single event. Wz-movement is permitted only if the denotation of that minimal constituent can be construed accordingly. Chapter 2 of the thesis develops a formal and cognitively well-motivated model of the internal structure of events. Key to this model is the recursively defined notion of extended events, corresponding to plan formation. This recursion crucially allows (3) to capture long-distance A'-dependencies. Chapter 3 applies this model, assuming (3), to locality data, deriving the contrast be tween (1) and (2), as well as other data such as the absolute prohibition on extraction from tensed adjuncts (2a), and the distinction between bridge verbs and factive islands (4). (4) a. What did John think that Mary did? r b. * What did John regret that Mary did? t l.

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38

Lockwood, Eunice Esther. "Separation-individuation and older adolescents with disruptive classroom behavior". W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618706.

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The number of students with disruptive behaviors in the public school classroom has become an area of increasing concern for educators. In order to develop proper therapeutic remediation strategies for the behaviorally at risk student, it is important to identify specific roadblocks to the psychological development of adaptive behavior. Students who have been suspended from school multiple times may be representative of a group with specific pattern of psychological growth that are different from other students. This study was directed toward exploring possible variables that may set students who are frequently suspended apart from a control group of students who had no history of school suspensions.;A high school in the Tidewater area of Virginia was selected as a population with cultural and economic diversity. Students in the Target group, with multiple suspensions, were selected from the discipline records; students in the Control group, with no suspensions, were selected from the regular education rolls. Twenty-six students participated in the Target group and 28 students participated in the Control group. All students completed the SITA; 8 subscales were used which attempt to measure the various subphases of separation-individuation. Teachers completed the CBCL-TRF to rate adaptive classroom functioning on 3 subscales.;Group means were compared using either a t-test or an adjusted t-test for level of significance. The CBCL showed a significant difference between the groups regarding degree of anger turned outward and in level of regard for societal norms with the Target group showing more aggressive behavior and less regard for societal expectations. No significant difference was seen between the 2 groups of students on the development of social skills.;Analysis of the SITA subscales showed a significant difference on 1 of the 8 subscales. The Target group evidenced higher denial of attachment needs with more difficulty understanding feelings of love, closeness, and friendship. No significant difference was evidenced in level of development in separation anxiety, engulfment anxiety, nurturance seeking, peer enmeshment, teacher enmeshment, practicing mirroring, or healthy separation.

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39

Burdick, Philip C. "Study of deficient individuation as a hindrance to spiritual maturity". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.

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Leuz, Holger A. "Identität und Kolokalisation : zur metaphysischen Problematik der Individuation konkreter Objekte". kostenfrei, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-opus-81175.

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41

Maudsley, Daniel E. "The Hero-Journey of Unrequited Love| A Catalyst for Individuation". Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3571737.

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Unrequited love is a form of love in which a person’s feelings of romantic love toward another are not reciprocated. This thesis is an exploration of unrequited love from a depth psychological perspective, taking into account the powerful yet mysterious influence of the archetypes of the collective unconscious on this common human experience. Utilizing a hermeneutic methodology to amplify theories from both psychology and mythology, the author seeks to provide a road map for understanding how and why unrequited love can be used as a means of initiating the process of individuation. Readings of the literature serve to provide a solid foundation for understanding depth psychological concepts and to articulate the difference between the two sides of unrequited love. The author uses the protagonist from the film Angus to exemplify the way in which the projection of unconscious archetypes can eventually lead one toward a balance of psyche and self-knowledge.

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42

Dos, Santos Paes Isabela. "Mouvement : individuation et transformation : une approche ethnographique de l'Odin Teatret". Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2010TELE0033.

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Pour Boltanski et Chiapello (1999), la critique artiste a été récupérée par le capitalisme. La motivation repose aujourd’hui grandement sur certains principes au nom desquels il était critiqué dans les années 60. Pourtant n’existe-t-il pas dans certaines organisations artistiques des grandeurs, valeurs ou pratiques, des modes d’organisation et de vie commune, constituant un ferment critique qui n’a pas été récupéré par le capitalisme contemporain ? Une exploration de type ethnographique a été menée au sein d’Odin Teatret, au Danemark, une organisation où la critique artiste s’élabore et se vit. Nous avons observé et participé au total pendant six mois aux créations et activités de ce groupe hors norme. Dans un premier temps, en nous inspirant de la description dense de Geertz, nous avons constaté que, bien que parfois avec des formes et une acuité particulière, bien des ressorts décrits par Boltanski et Chiapello étaient à l’oeuvre mais que cependant certaines énigmes demeuraient. Abandonnant l’approche cognitive de Geertz pour celle plus réflexive et tournée vers les affects de Stewart, nous avons ensuite entrepris de poursuivre et re-décrire notre expérience en insistant sur le désir, la transformation, la présence, pour chercher une autre manière de faire sens, riche et affective, de l’activité à Odin. Dans un troisième temps, cette expérience à Odin est réfléchie grâce aux concepts de Stiegler. Nous comprenons alors que ce lieu est le théâtre de certains processus différents de l’entreprise capitaliste, fut-elle organisée en réseau. L’individuation psychique, collective et technique, le rôle du désir et d’une certaine économie libidinale, le rôle du non calculable, l’insistance de la recherche non de motivations mais de ce qui fait que la vie mérite d’être vécue… sont autant de facettes qui ne peuvent être que partiellement récupérées par l’économie capitaliste. Par ailleurs la présence, l’ouverture au possible, la créativité, peut-être même l’authenticité, demandent un entraînement long, répété et épuisant (exigeant). A la différence de la standardisation et de la pulsion dans la consommation, il s’agit de mettre son être en mouvement – non pour devenir une forme précise, mais cherchant le mouvement pour lui-même qui ouvre à la présence et à une intensité de vie. Une critique artiste, réinterrogeant ces éléments, peut toujours être présente, même virulente contre un capitalisme qui fait de nous des endormis et des corps stupides
[non communiqué]

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Jo, In-Hee. "A unified semantic analysis of serialization : intensionality of event individuation". Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/862290.

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Even though there has been little agreement as to how the phenomenon of serialization is to be defined, it is generally assumed (i) that there is a close meaning dependency (of some kind) between the event descriptions serialized (serials hereafter), (ii) that the serials cannot be modified independently by such sentential operators as tense, aspect, mood, etc., and (iii) that these aspects of serialization are closely related to the fact that a serial construction refers to a `single event'.However, these assumptions have not been materialized into an explicit analysis of serialization. In particular, it has not been clearly accounted for how the concept of single event is attributed to the meaning dependencies between serials that are apparently so diverse as to defy a unique semantic characterization. Thus, in previous studies, the apparent heterogeneity of meaning dependencies has led to `fragmentation' of serialization into coordinating and subordinating types, and of the subordinating type, in turn, into a variety of lexically governed subtypes.This dissertation argues against such fragmentation and provides a unified semantic analysis of serialization, drawing on the philosophical discussions of event individuation and causation. Under my analysis, the sense of inseparable connection between serials is represented by a counterfactual dependency between them. The counterfactual dependency only entails that the first serial is necessarily related to the second, without specifying the nature of the necessary relatedness. Thus, the variety of meaning dependencies observed in the literature can be accommodated as particular instances of the counterfactual dependency.Moreover, the single event reading of serialization is attributed to the `counterfactual' dependency between serials: in virtue of the dependency, the serials are not identified independently of each other, and hence are construed as constituting a single event unit. A variety of structural constraints on serialization observed in the literature are then analyzed as natural consequences of the conceptual unity of the serialized events as a whole.
Department of English

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44

Yamane, Kumiko. "Female individuation and androgyny in girls' comic books in Japan". Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422712.

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Voss, Kristin. "Individuation and the Demeter-Persephone Myth in Charlotte Bronte's Shirley". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1056.

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Inconsistencies in character and structural development inform criticism of Charlotte Bronte's Shirley. I argue that the phases of emotional and physical illness that the heroine, Caroline Helstone, undergoes mirror the stages of individuation observed by Jung. I suggest that Bronte uses the Demeter-Kore myth—which Jung saw as an archetypal expression of female transformative experience—as an underlying plot structure for her novel. The division of the novel into three volumes mirrors significant stages of individuation and major plot shifts in the "Hymn." Persephone's abduction and Demeter's wandering correspond with Caroline's sudden depression and with the shadow phase of individuation. Demeter's entrance into Eleusis and her caretaking of Demophoon mark the incorporation of the animus; in Volume Two, Caroline, also, undergoes the animus confrontation; the reunion between mother and daughter in the "Hymn" and in Volume Three of the novel correspond with the union of the conscious and unconscious in individuation.

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46

Petit, Victor. "Histoire et philosophie du concept de "Milieu" : individuation et médiation". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070028.

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Qu'est-ce que le « milieu »? Que nous dit le milieu que ne nous dit ni l'espace, ni l'environnement, ni le monde? Etymologie signifiante que celle qui lie Ventre à l'autour, histoire problématique que celle d'un terme qui se retourne contre lui-même, contre ses origines physiques, au nom de l'irréductibilité du vivant dans sa relation constituante à son milieu. Une relation à la différence d'un rapport, présuppose que les termes mis en relation ne préexistent pas à leur mise en relation ; inutile donc de chercher qui de l'homme ou de son milieu détermine l'autre. Qu'est-ce qu'un individu vivant? Qu'est-ce qu'être en relation! Qu'est-ce qu'être-au-mz7/£w? La thèse proposée suppose que ces trois questions n'en sont qu'une. Le « mi-lieu », en tant qu'il désigne l'ambivalence de l'entre-deux, ne dit pas seulement quelque chose du vivant, il dit quelque chose de la philosophie. Contre ses âmes impatientes et sans histoire, trop pressées d'en finir avec les dualismes métaphysiques, nous voudrions montrer qu'il n'y a pas d'autre moyen de sortir du Deux que de s'y loger entre, au mi-lieu. Il faudra d'abord se rendre sensible à la prégnance du mi-lieu dans quelques textes canoniques, il faudra ensuite proposer une histoire du milieu, étant entendu que l'idée n'est pas le mot, ni le mot l'idée. Le nœud de l'analyse se concentrera sur le passage, devenu rupture, de la physique à la biologie. Il faudra être attentif à ce qu'on a pu nommer le Grand Dualisme du Monde et de la Vie. Faut-il s'y résigner?
What is the « milieu »? What more is there to the milieu than to space, to the environment, and to the world? The etymology that connects the "between" to the "around" is significant, as is problematic the history of a word that turns against its own self, against its physical origins, in the name of the irreducibility of the living being in its constituent relation to its milieu. A relation, as opposed to a link, presupposes that the terms brought into relation do not preexist to the interaction. It is therefore useless to seek who, of man or his milieu, determines the other. What is a living individual? What does it mean "being in relation"? What does it mean "being-to-the milieu"! This thesis assumes that these three questions are one. The "mi-lieu", designating the ambivalence of the "in-between", does not only speak of the living being, it also speaks of philosophy. Against the impatient souls without history rushing to put an end to metaphysical dualisms, we would like to show that there is no way out of the Two, other than to put oneself in between, in the mi-lieu (medium). At first, we will appreciate the pregnancy of the mi-lieu in some canonical texts. Then, we will propose a history of the milieu, given that the concept is not the word, and the word is not the concept. The core of the analysis lies in the transition, which became a breakdown, from physics to biology. Special attention will be given to what has been called the Great Dualism of the World and of Life. Do we have to surrender to it?

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47

Aubé, Suzanne. "La séparation-individuation dans le développement de la femme adulte". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29161.

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48

Paulus, Frédéric. ""individuation, enaction" emergences et regulations bio-psycho-sociologiques du psychisme". Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070021.

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Cette these tend vers un questionnement fondamental sur la logique du psychisme par le fil conducteur de l'etude des reves, de certains delires et crises dissociatives et l'apport de recherches en neurobiologie du developpement. Il existerait des processus spontanes d'emergence et d'autoregulation du psychisme. Ceci fait appel a un prealable consistant a accepter l'idee de deux dimensions du psychisme, sain et nevrose cohabitant par l'etude d'une serie de 375 reves d'une patiente et de certains delires, une sorte d'obligation de transformation psychique apparait et semble illustrer le "processus d'individuation" selon c. G jung. La vie ne s'accommoderait pas de stagnations ou de repetitions, d'ou la proposition de l'hypothese provisoire d'une pulsion teleonomique dans sa fonctionnalite inscrite dans une perspective evolutionniste impliquant auto-organisation et transformation du psychisme sans que nous en soyons conscient. Nous tentons de preciser la place de la pulsion et son "jeu" dans la vie psychique onirique par rapport a l'enaction cognitive selon f. Varela. Rechercher la logique du psychisme revient a tenter de reperer la source de la pulsion. En concevoir l'origine consistea evoquer les circonstances et conditions de sa genese. La pulsion accompagnerait l'auto-organisation et la derive evolutionniste de l'organisme guide par la capacite de discrimination perceptive et organique inconsciente si l'on suit f. Cordon, y. A fontaine, b. Cyrulnik, d. Premack, m. Jeannerod. . . . La pulsion repondrait a une fonction de regulation du psychisme, une sorte "d'aiguillon" et d'impulsion, dotee d'une souplesse fonctionnelle legitimee par la necessite de l'adaptabilite de la conduite en rapport avec l'environnement, le reve apparaissant comme une sorte de guide. Emerge une conception neodarwinienne du psychisme.

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Maloney, Erin M. "Investigating Cognitive Individuation: A Study of Dually-Countable Abstract Nouns". Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1244571228.

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Hernandez, Isaac. "Nouveaux regards sur l’individualité biologique : autoproduction, composition, transition". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20052/document.

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Le thème de l’individuation et de la persistance des entités vivantes constitue l’une des problématiques centrales de la philosophie de la biologie. Dans les sciences du vivant, l’organisme représente traditionnellement l’exemple paradigmatique de l’individu biologique. Toutefois, malgré le lien intuitif entre l’organisme et l’individu, la biologie contemporaine a su faire un usage plus large du concept d’individu. Ainsi, la circonscription de ce qui était appréhendé comme appartenant au vivant a été élargie par la reconnaissance de plusieurs types d’individus biologiques, parmi lesquels nous trouvons non seulement les organismes dits « traditionnels », mais également toute une variété d’entités telles que des protistes, des molécules d’ARN, des prions, des virus et des bactéries de toutes sortes. Par ailleurs, cette nouvelle vision de l’individu biologique a été utilisée afin d’illustrer les différents niveaux de l’organisation biologique. En ce sens, la discussion porte principalement sur le niveau – gènes, cellules, organismes, superorganismes, espèces, écosystèmes – où la sélection agit, dans lequel l’organisme, en tant qu’exemple paradigmatique d’individu, peut être considéré comme un simple niveau entre une diversité de niveaux de sélection. Par conséquent, l’extension des limites de l’ontologie biologique a permis, d’une part, d’interroger le concept d’individu en le libérant de la référence à l’organisme, et d’une autre, de relativiser l’importance de l’organisme au sein du discours biologique. Pourtant, nous soutenons que, pour contribuer au développement de la thématique de l’individu biologique, il faut donner voix à un autre discours sur l’individualité, qui émerge des discussions sur l’ontologie des organismes. C’est vers la tradition systémique qu’il convient de tourner le regard, dans le but d’étendre les recherches sur la nature de l’individualité biologique sous l’angle d’une définition renouvelée de l’organisme. Notre démarche suppose d’établir une distinction importante entre deux tendances biologiques à propos du problème de l’individu biologique : l’individu darwinien et l’individu ontogénétique. Dans une approche ontogénétique, un individu correspond à l’entité qui s’autodétermine au cours de son temps de vie individuel. Ainsi, cette position repose sur une conception davantage physiologique, centrée sur l’organisation biologique
The theme about individuation and persistence of living entities is one of the central issues in the philosophy of biology. In the life sciences, the organism represents traditionally the paradigmatic example of the biological individual. However, despite the intuitive connection between the organism and the individual, contemporary biology has been able to make wider use of the concept of the individual. Thus, the contours of what was apprehended as belonging to the living world has been enlarged by the recognition of several types of biological individuals, among which we find not only so-called "traditional" organisms, but also a variety of entities such as protists, RNA molecules, prions, viruses and bacteria of all kinds. In addition, this new vision of the biological individual has been used to illustrate the different levels of biological organization. In this sense, the discussion focuses on the level - genes, cells, organisms, superorganisms, species, ecosystems - where selection acts, in which the organism can be considered a simple level between a variety of levels of selection. Consequently, the extension of the limits of biological ontology allowed, on the one hand, to question the concept of the individual by releasing it from the reference to the organism, and on the other hand, to relativize the importance of the organism within the biological discourse. However, we argue that, to contribute to the development of biological individuality theme, we must give voice to another discourse on individuality, which emerges from discussions on the ontology of organisms. It is towards the systemic tradition that we must turn our attention, in order to extend research on the nature of biological individuality in the light of a renewed definition of the organism. Thus, we assumes an important distinction between two non-exclusive biological tendencies about the problem of the biological individual: the Darwinian individual and the ontogenetic individual. In an ontogenetic approach, an individual corresponds to the entity that self-determines during its individual life time. Thus, this approach is on a physiological conception, centered on biological organization

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