Artykuły w czasopismach: „Individual use”

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Nicholas, Howard. "Individual difference in interlanguage use". Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 8, nr 1 (1.01.1985): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.8.1.05nic.

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Bobashev, Georgiy V., Dan Liao, Joel Hampton i John E. Helzer. "Individual patterns of alcohol use". Addictive Behaviors 39, nr 5 (maj 2014): 934–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.12.004.

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Tsydypov, B. Z., V. N. Chernykh, B. V. Sodnomov i name no. "MICROCLIMATIC FEATURES OF INDIVIDUAL INTERMONTANE BASINS OF THE SELENGA MIDDLE MOUNTAINS IN CONTEXT OF AGRICULTURE USE". Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences), nr 11 2020 (2020): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/use.37527.

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Schirmer, Annika, Antje Herde, Jana A. Eccard i Melanie Dammhahn. "Individuals in space: personality-dependent space use, movement and microhabitat use facilitate individual spatial niche specialization". Oecologia 189, nr 3 (marzec 2019): 647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04365-5.

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Sun, Jong-Hak. "Information System Use and Individual Impacts". Journal of Industrial Economics and Business 33, nr 5 (31.10.2020): 1685–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.22558/jieb.2020.10.33.5.1685.

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Baxter, Helen, i Louis Yang-Ching Cheng. "Use of Interpreters in Individual Psychotherapy". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, nr 1 (luty 1996): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609076087.

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Objective: This paper was written after one of the authors treated a case by individual therapy using an interpreter, as patient and therapist spoke different languages. There is little literature on this subject, and this paper describes our findings and recommendations for using this approach. Method: A 15-year-old Chinese, Cantonese-speaking in-patient in Hong Kong was treated with individual psychodynamic psychotherapy by an English- speaking Caucasian psychotherapist. The Chinese interpreter attended each session, and therapy was supervised by a bilingual Chinese supervisor. The alternative was to not carry out any therapy, as there was no other therapist available. Results: The patient was treated for a total of 32 sessions. Issues involving language and culture differences between therapist and patient, issues of therapy in a triadic situation involving group dynamics, and specific therapy difficulties raised by the presence of the interpreter are discussed. Conclusion: Therapy was not as effective as hoped, but the patient made some improvements. Finding a suitable interpreter is difficult and their role must be well defined. A bilingual supervisor is also needed to monitor the translation as well as supervising the therapist. Psychotherapy through an interpreter is feasible but not ideal.

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Komlodi, Anita, i Wayne G. Lutters. "Collaborative use of individual search histories". Interacting with Computers 20, nr 1 (styczeń 2008): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intcom.2007.10.003.

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Kutsuzawa, Kyo, Sho Sakaino i Toshiaki Tsuji. "Estimation of Individual Contact Force when Two Contact Points Exist during Robotic Tool Use". Abstracts of the international conference on advanced mechatronics : toward evolutionary fusion of IT and mechatronics : ICAM 2015.6 (2015): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicam.2015.6.46.

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Sima, Corneliu, i Michael Glogauer. "Periodontitis in Patients with Diabetes A Complication that Impacts on Metabolic Control". US Endocrinology 08, nr 01 (2012): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2012.08.01.35.

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Diabetes and periodontal diseases (PDs) exhibit a bidirectional relationship centered on an enhanced inflammatory response that manifests both locally and systemically. Diabetes is an established risk factor for PD, whereas the treatment of the latter has been shown to improve glycemic control in diabetic patients. Although compelling evidence fromin vitroand animal studies supports a plausible biological explanation for the relationship between the two conditions centered on systemic low-grade inflammation, the limited number of comparable large randomized clinical trials is reflected in the limited specific guidelines offered by the international organizations for diabetes and periodontitis regarding the management of the two diseases in an individual. Further understanding of the biological phenomena underlying PDs and diabetes is critical for individual therapeutic approaches to patients with both conditions by endocrinologists and periodontists.

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Stampacchia, Paolo, Marco Tregua i Mariarosaria Coppola. "Zooming-in value-in-use through basic individual values". Journal of Customer Behaviour 19, nr 2 (31.08.2020): 97–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/147539220x15929906305116.

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To overcome the vagueness that Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) scholars have found in conceptualisations of value-in-use due to the existence of different denominations and perspectives, this conceptual paper analyses the SDL literature, finding both value-in-use proposed as a comprehensive denomination, and resources, institutions, and time proposed as its main elements.<br/> Focusing on individuals as beneficiaries of value-in-use, the paper infuses the theory of basic individual values from social psychology in SDL, leading to three propositions that stress the ways in which basic individual values affect individuals' perceptions of resources, institutions, and time. Therefore, basic individual values act as lenses through which beneficiaries perceive flows of resources, institutions, and the time during which use occurs, thereby clarifying why value-in-use is always uniquely and phenomenologically determined by the beneficiary.<br/> This conceptual paper proposes basic individual values as micro-foundations of value co-creation, reveals ways to define the perceived value of resources, and leads practitioners to set value propositions according to basic individual values.

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&NA;. "Individual assessment for long-term benzodiazepine use". Inpharma Weekly &NA;, nr 968 (grudzień 1994): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199409680-00037.

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Swadi, Harith. "Individual risk factors for adolescent substance use". Drug and Alcohol Dependence 55, nr 3 (lipiec 1999): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00017-4.

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Shvabskaia, O. B., N. S. Karamnova i O. V. Izmailova. "Healthy Diet: New Rations for Individual Use". Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 16, nr 6 (30.12.2020): 958–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2020-12-12.

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Nutrition is one of the most significant factors influencing the state of health, the development of diseases and the generally the human longevity. The nature of nutrition, which has a protective effect, is the basis of the healthy diet. Among healthy nutritious rations, there are those that have developed naturally, formed from the cultural food heritage and later were made in scientific nutritional recommendations. These are such diets as the Mediterranean type of food, the Scandinavian diet, the Tibetan style of food, etc. At the same time, there are diets specially developed by specialists for specific purposes. All of them correspond to the basic principles of the healthy diet: balance, usefulness and energy balance. This article offers an overview of the use of individual diets that have been developed by nutritionists, such as the intermittent fasting diet, the Paleo diet, and the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet. The article discusses the differences and advantages of these dietary approaches, presents the results of effectiveness, considers the limitations and features of their use.

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Watanabe, Seiichi. "Individual variations in resource use and stocking." NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI 56, nr 10 (1990): 1573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2331/suisan.56.1573.

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Stenzel, Cheryl L., i Patricia A. Rupert. "Psychologists' Use of Touch in Individual Psychotherapy." Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training 41, nr 3 (2004): 332–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.41.3.332.

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Bazanova, O. M. "Individual alpha EEG indices for Neurofeedback use". International Journal of Psychophysiology 85, nr 3 (wrzesień 2012): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.06.144.

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Krause, Décio. "Is Priscilla, the trapped positron, an individual? Quantum physics, the use of names, and individuation". Arbor 187, nr 747 (28.02.2011): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2011.747n1007.

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Feldt-Rasmussen, Ulla. "Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Risk—An Overview of Current Understanding". US Endocrinology 06, nr 01 (2010): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2010.06.1.92.

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Subclinical or mild hypothyroidism is often associated with adverse cardiovascular risk factors, such as high cholesterol, together with hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and other atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk factors. The ischemic abnormalities are probably related to long-term consequences of a slowly progressing development of hypothyroidism. In recent years, it has become evident that a consensus on the exact limits for cut-off between normal and subclinically hypothyroid individuals is not currently possible. The main reasons for this are differences for measurement of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), that reference populations are very different, and that a person’s intra-individual variability is much narrower than any population-based interval. Finally, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism varies from 4 to 17% in different normal populations. Available evidence indicates that patients with subclinical hypothyroidism have developed or are at risk for developing an adverse cardiovascular profile, and subclinical hypothyroidism is most likely a mild variant of overt hypothyroidism. There is currently no evidence for a treatment benefit, but studies to demonstrate the expected minor improvements have not been performed on a sufficiently large scale. Patients should be informed about the disease and, based on a combined clinical and laboratory judgement, should be offered a therapeutic trial in case of even vague symptoms.

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Costa-Pereira, Raul, i Jonathan Pruitt. "Behaviour, morphology and microhabitat use: what drives individual niche variation?" Biology Letters 15, nr 6 (czerwiec 2019): 20190266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0266.

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Generalist populations are often composed of individuals each specialized on only a subset of the resources exploited by the entire population. However, the traits underlying such niche variation remain underexplored. Classically, ecologists have focused on understanding why populations vary in their degree of intraspecific niche variation, with less attention paid to how individual-level traits lead to intraspecific differences in niches. We investigated how differences in behaviour, morphology and microhabitat affect niche variation between and within individuals in two species of spider Anelosimus studiosus and Theridion murarium . Our results convey that behaviour (i.e. individual aggressiveness) was a key driver of intraspecific trophic variation in both species. More aggressive individuals capture more prey, but particularly more Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera. These findings suggest that behavioural traits play a critical role in determining individuals' diet and that behaviour can be a powerful force in driving intraspecific niche variation.

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Blaas, G. "Diversification of individual farms in Slovakia with regard to production use patterns and level of income". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 49, No. 1 (29.02.2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5257-agricecon.

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During the years of transition to market economy, a variety of farming types has evolved in Slovakia. Corporate farming is still pursued on about 80 per cent of the total agricultural land area, but a gradual increase of individual farms can be observed. A large portion of the registered individual farms is producing both for the market and for the self-supply of households, but the importance of specialised commercial farms has been growing during the recent years. Their share in the total number of registered individual farms can be estimated as 25 per cent and they specialise as a rule on cash crop products. The average production area is 130 hectares, but income differentiation is wide-ranging within this group of farms. The lowest income strata (which represent about 50 per cent of these farms) receive eight times less income, than the highest one – represented by less than 2 per cent of cases.

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Toelch, Ulf, Matthew J. Bruce, Lesley Newson, Peter J. Richerson i Simon M. Reader. "Individual consistency and flexibility in human social information use". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, nr 1776 (7.02.2014): 20132864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.2864.

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Copying others appears to be a cost-effective way of obtaining adaptive information, particularly when flexibly employed. However, adult humans differ considerably in their propensity to use information from others, even when this ‘social information’ is beneficial, raising the possibility that stable individual differences constrain flexibility in social information use. We used two dissimilar decision-making computer games to investigate whether individuals flexibly adjusted their use of social information to current conditions or whether they valued social information similarly in both games. Participants also completed established personality questionnaires. We found that participants demonstrated considerable flexibility, adjusting social information use to current conditions. In particular, individuals employed a ‘copy-when-uncertain’ social learning strategy, supporting a core, but untested, assumption of influential theoretical models of cultural transmission. Moreover, participants adjusted the amount invested in their decision based on the perceived reliability of personally gathered information combined with the available social information. However, despite this strategic flexibility, participants also exhibited consistent individual differences in their propensities to use and value social information. Moreover, individuals who favoured social information self-reported as more collectivist than others. We discuss the implications of our results for social information use and cultural transmission.

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Lebovitz, Harold E. "Glycemic Control and Diabetic Complications—Is the Predominant Current Rationale Rational?" US Endocrinology 11, nr 01 (2015): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2015.11.1.26.

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Although the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) reflects chronic glycemic control, treatment-induced decreases in HbA1Cin patients who have established diabetes do not always predict beneficial clinical outcomes. Clinical outcomes are dramatically influenced by the history of previous glycemic control, the extent of current clinical complications, and the side effects of therapeutic agents. Rational approaches to the intensity of glycemic control in individual patients should take these factors into consideration, as well as in setting an appropriate goal for the HbA1Ctarget.

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Cullari, Salvatore. "Use of Individual Differences Questionnaire with Psychiatric Inpatients". Perceptual and Motor Skills 80, nr 1 (luty 1995): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.128.

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Ashton Cox, Lauren. "Use of individual formulation in mental health practice". Mental Health Practice 24, nr 1 (7.01.2021): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp.2020.e1515.

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BANNIKOVA, Alexandra O., i Nadezhda A. KALINKINA. "PASSIVE USE OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN INDIVIDUAL HOMES". Urban construction and architecture 7, nr 3 (15.09.2017): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2017.03.17.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the infl uence of passive use of geothermal energy in the architectural and planning solutions environmentally friendly homes. The article describes issues related to the relevance of the use of geothermal energy in constructing. Earth sheltered eco house is seen as one of the vectors of sustainable architecture of individual housing construction. Presents the advantages and disadvantages of objects that were built on the underground construction and therefore passively using geothermal technology. We reviewed the classifi cation of such buildings and their structure features associated primarily with the issues of heat saving and energy effi ciency. The main methods of the study were synthesis of theoretical base and studying the experience of architects, associated with the construction technology of earth sheltered buildings.

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Klinova, Olga A. "The use of individual programs of physical development". Yugra State University Bulletin 12, nr 1 (15.04.2016): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu2016121183-188.

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This article is devoted development of pedagogical health-saving technologies, including the individualized education program, physical development, and justifying their necessity, formulating a goal, main objectives, principles and stages of work. The distinctive feature of such programs is the choice of each involved individual educational program on physical self-improvement under the guidance of a teacher in physical education.

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Pidbuts'kа, Nina, i Dar'ia Myshakova. "FEATURES OF USE OF INDIVIDUAL RESOURCES OF LEADERS". Leader. Elite. Society, nr 1 (21.05.2019): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2616-3241.2019.1.05.

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Van Braak, Johan. "Individual Characteristics Influencing Teachers' Class Use of Computers". Journal of Educational Computing Research 25, nr 2 (wrzesień 2001): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/81yv-cgmu-5hpm-04eg.

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Brandeis, Rachel, i Harvey Babkoff. "Individual Use of Judgmental Dimensions and Hemispheric Specificity". Cortex 21, nr 3 (wrzesień 1985): 327–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-9452(85)80001-0.

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Pennebaker, James W., i Laura A. King. "Linguistic styles: Language use as an individual difference." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77, nr 6 (1999): 1296–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1296.

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Prugh, Laura R., Stephen M. Arthur i Carol E. Ritland. "Use of faecal genotyping to determine individual diet". Wildlife Biology 14, nr 3 (wrzesień 2008): 318–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/0909-6396(2008)14[318:uofgtd]2.0.co;2.

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Habibzadeh, Nasim. "Dose Use of Sauna Fit for All Individual?" Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 3, nr 10 (26.09.2019): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asms.2019.03.0421.

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Dubé, Adam K., i Katherine M. Robinson. "Accounting for individual variability in inversion shortcut use". Learning and Individual Differences 20, nr 6 (grudzień 2010): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2010.09.009.

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Hawkins, Timothy G., i Michael J. Gravier. "Individual manager experience influences on reverse auction use". International Journal of Procurement Management 7, nr 6 (2014): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpm.2014.064985.

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Roest, Frits H. J., Marinus J. C. Eijkemans, Jos Van Der Donk, Peter C. Levendag, Cees A. Meeuwis, Paul I. M. Schmitz i J. Dik F. Habbema. "The Use of Confidence Intervals for Individual Utilities:". Medical Decision Making 17, nr 3 (lipiec 1997): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x9701700304.

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Toshov, Javoxir, i Elyor Saitov. "Portable autonomous solar power plant for individual use". E3S Web of Conferences 139 (2019): 01087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913901087.

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Development and design of low power mobile and inexpensive solar stations are important for farmers, individuals, geologists and trotters. The most important aspect is ensuring reliability of units in times of transportation, convenience and operational ease as well as minimum dimensions, low price. All the above will ensure large-scale implementation of solar stations in various applications and utilizations.

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Atkinson, MaryAnne, i Christine Kydd. "Individual characteristics associated with World Wide Web use". ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems 28, nr 2 (kwiecień 1997): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/264701.264705.

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Feldman, Marc, V. K. Kumar, Frank Angelini, Ronald J. Pekala i Jack Porter. "Individual Differences in Substance Preference and Substance Use". Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling 27, nr 2 (kwiecień 2007): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1874.2007.tb00023.x.

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Sandvik, Hogne, i Steinar Hunskaar. "Incontinence pads – prevalence of use and individual consumption". Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 21, nr 2 (czerwiec 1993): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/140349489302100210.

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Akimoto, Yoritaka, i Shiho Miyazawa. "Individual Differences in Irony Use Depend on Context". Journal of Language and Social Psychology 36, nr 6 (27.04.2017): 675–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x17706937.

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We investigated individual differences in irony use depending on context. In Study 1, we manipulated contextual factors, including the speaker’s emotion and the listener’s emotion, and assessed the likelihood of irony use. In Study 2, we manipulated the relationship between the speaker and the listener and assessed the rate of irony use with free description. Correlations between participants’ responses to various measures of personality traits and differences in irony use between conditions and mean irony use across conditions were examined. Regulation of interpersonal relationships and preference for supportive humor predicted the differences in irony use between conditions, whereas expressive suppression, self-control, and preference for playful humor predicted irony use regardless of condition. These results confirmed our hypothesis that the speaker’s social abilities about management of interpersonal relationship and tendency toward emotion regulation were associated with individual differences in irony use depending on context and in general, respectively.

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Lezhnina, I. A., A. A. Uvarov, K. V. Overchuk, A. A. Boyakhchyan, S. N. Torgaev i G. S. Evtushenko. "A Portable Wireless Cardiac Analyzer for Individual Use". Biomedical Engineering 53, nr 6 (marzec 2020): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10527-020-09950-0.

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Watson, Stuart K., Gillian L. Vale, Lydia M. Hopper, Lewis G. Dean, Rachel L. Kendal, Elizabeth E. Price, Lara A. Wood i in. "Chimpanzees demonstrate individual differences in social information use". Animal Cognition 21, nr 5 (19.06.2018): 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-018-1198-7.

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Hatton, Thomas J., i Hsin-I. Wu. "Scaling theory to extrapolate individual tree water use to stand water use". Hydrological Processes 9, nr 5-6 (czerwiec 1995): 527–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360090505.

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Johnston, Robert E., i Teresa A. Bullock. "Individual recognition by use of odours in golden hamsters: the nature of individual representations". Animal Behaviour 61, nr 3 (marzec 2001): 545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2000.1637.

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Austin, Mary M. "Importance of Self-care Behaviors in Diabetes Management". US Endocrinology 00, nr 01 (2005): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/use.2005.00.01.16.

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Diabetes educators are healthcare professionals such as nurses, dietitians, pharmacists, exercise specialists, physicians, and social workers, who specialize in diabetes education and who make a significant contribution to the care and management of persons with diabetes. The specialty of diabetes education has advanced to be based increasingly on evidence and focussed on achieving desired outcomes.The emphasis on outcomes-based interventions comes from both the National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education,1which emphasizes program outcomes, and the Standards for Outcomes Measurement of Diabetes Self-Management Education2of the American Association of Diabetes Educators, which focusses on individual patient outcomes as well as the reporting of aggregate patient data.

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Yunusovich, Alimov Nodir. "Occasional Use Of Another`s Work". American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, nr 05 (7.05.2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue05-08.

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The randomness should not be deliberately created in the stituation of random utilize of another’s work. Providing that this occasion not intentionally created, an individual who accidentally used someone else's work of authorship is exempt from liability.

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Karlsson, Patrik, Mats Ekendahl, Isabella Gripe i Jonas Raninen. "Individual and school-class correlates of youth cannabis use in Sweden". Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 35, nr 2 (19.03.2018): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072518763426.

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Background and aims: The school-class context is a crucial social environment for young people but substance use researchers have largely overlooked potential influences operating at this level. This study explores associations between school-class and individual-level factors and cannabis use in Swedish youth. Data and methods: Data comprised four waves (2012–2015) of the Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs’ (CAN) nationally representative school surveys among individuals in 9th and 11th grade. For the present analyses, we had data on totally 28,729 individuals from 2377 unique school classes. Multilevel logistic regressions predicted lifetime and 10+ times use of cannabis from both individual-level predictors and school-class-level measures derived from the individual-level variables. Results: There were individual-level associations between most predictor variables and cannabis use. An early debut of tobacco use and binge drinking as well as low cannabis related risk perceptions had strong associations with cannabis use. Conversely, several school-class-level variables had aggregate relationships with cannabis use, most notably the overall level of risk perceptions in the school class. Some of the school-class factors predicted cannabis use over and above the individual-level covariates, suggesting the presence of contextual effects. Surprisingly, while female gender was negatively related with cannabis use at the individual level, a higher proportion of females in the classroom increased the odds for lifetime cannabis use even after controlling for individual and other contextual-level covariates. Conclusions: Youth cannabis use is related to various factors at both the individual and school-class level in Sweden. Truancy and perceived risk related to cannabis use had contextual associations with cannabis use. The positive contextual association between a higher proportion of females in the classroom and lifetime use should be explored further.

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Dubois, Frédérique, Luc-Alain Giraldeau i Denis Réale. "Frequency-dependent payoffs and sequential decision-making favour consistent tactic use". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, nr 1735 (4.01.2012): 1977–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2342.

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Although natural selection should have favoured individuals capable of adjusting the weight they give to personal and social information according to circumstances, individuals generally differ consistently in their individual weighting of both types of information. Such individual differences are correlated with personality traits, suggesting that personality could directly affect individuals’ ability to collect personal or social information. Alternatively, the link between personality and information use could simply emerge as a by-product of the sequential decision-making process in a frequency-dependent context. Indeed, when the gains associated with behavioural options depend on the choices of others, an individual's sequence of arrival could constrain its choice of options leading to the emergence of correlated behaviours. Any factor such as personality that affects decision order could thus be correlated with information use. To test this new explanation, we developed an individual-based model that simulates a group of animals engaged in a game of sequential frequency-dependent decision: a producer–scrounger game. Our results confirm that the sequence of decision, in this case enforced by the order in which animals enter a foraging area, consistently influences their mean tactic use and their individual plasticity, an outcome reminiscent of the correlation reported between personality and social information use.

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Colasante, Emanuela, Francesco Fabi, Carla Rossi, Gianpaolo S. Tomba i Sabrina Molinaro. "Updated Indicators to Evaluate Harmful Drug Use, in Particular, Poly-Drug Use". Current Drug Research Reviews 11, nr 1 (26.02.2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874473711666180924155231.

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Background: Drug use indicators that are capable of measuring the individual levels of harm following drug use, and in particular, poly-drug use, have previously been proposed, based on individual drug and frequency of use data and expert rankings of harms related to various substances. These indicators allow the estimation of risk profiles for selected groups of individuals and comparisons, both over time and between populations. Recent advances regarding the ranking of drug use harms allow a refinement of these indicators, separating the effects on self and others. Objective: To define updated indicators and compare their performance to previous ones on datasets related to the Italian ESPAD longitudinal data. Methods: Two new scores, based respectively on the Harm to self and Harm to others substance scores, are defined. These scores follow the same logic as the previous poly-drug score (PDS), but now using the new Harm to self and Harm to others scores as weights, both in the individual calculations and in the calculation of the two normalizing factors. Results: The new harm-to-self drug use indicator is shown to correlate strongly with the previous poly-drug use indicator; and the Harm to others indicator, is introduced and commented upon. Using further ESPAD survey information related to personal behaviour, it is shown that high values of poly-drug use indicators are linked to specific behaviours related to interest in school, relationship with parents and use of leisure time. These results are consistent with previous analyses based on surveys among high school students in Italy.

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Burnside, Robert J., Daniel Salliss, Nigel J. Collar i Paul M. Dolman. "Birds use individually consistent temperature cues to time their migration departure". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, nr 28 (6.07.2021): e2026378118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026378118.

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A fundamental issue in migration biology is how birds decide when to start their journey, given that arriving too early or too late in a variable environment reduces individual fitness. Internal circannual regulation and predictable cues such as photoperiod prepare birds for migration, while variable external cues such as temperature and wind are thought to fine-tune departure times; however, this has not been demonstrated at the key point at which an individual animal decides to start migrating. In theory, environmental cues correlated between departure and arrival sites allow informed departure decisions. For 48 satellite-tracked Asian houbara Chlamydotis macqueenii, a medium-distance migrant with climatic connectivity between wintering and breeding areas, each tracked across multiple years, spring departure was under individually consistent temperature conditions, with greater individual repeatability than for photoperiod or wind. Individuals occupied a range of wintering sites latitudinally spanning 1,200 km but departed at lower temperatures from more northerly latitudes. These individual departure decisions produced earlier mean population-level departure and arrival dates in warmer springs. Phenological adjustments were fully compensatory, because individuals arrived on the breeding grounds under similar temperature conditions each year. Individuals’ autumn departure decisions were also repeatable for temperature but less distinct than for spring, likely because of relaxed time constraints on leaving breeding grounds and the use of wind as a supplementary departure cue. We show that individual-level departure decisions informed by local temperatures can preadapt a population to adjust its population-level phenology in response to annual variability in spring temperatures without requiring genetic change in reaction thresholds.

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