Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Indian rural drinking water utilities

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Indian rural drinking water utilities”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Indian rural drinking water utilities"

Gajjar, Harshivkumar, i Neha Joshipura. "Analytical Study of TDS and Sulphate Concentration in Ground Water: A Case Study of Vatva Region of Ahmedabad District, Gujarat". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 5 (31.05.2022): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42316.

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Abstract: The most valuable natural resource for human life is groundwater. It is certainly required in all parts of life and wellbeing for energy generation, food production, industrial activities, maintenance of the environment and enhances sustainable development for future generations. Fresh groundwater has become a popular subject in recent years. Water is continuously contaminated in all nations. India is no special case to this marvel. In India, over 80% of the rural population depend on groundwater. People face a barrier in getting safe, portable drinking water since groundwater quality is impacted by public activity and utilities. The frequent monitoring of sources of groundwater and its quality helps to create and develop public awareness of groundwater resources. The area having high contamination of ground water is selected named as Vatva located in Ahmedabad district of Gujarat, due to urbanization and the presence of many chemical refineries and pharmaceutical firms in the vicinity. During the investigation, the most impacted pollutants, such as TDS, Nitrate, Chloride and Sulphate were valuated. QGIS is used to do a spatial distribution study of all of these parameters. Ground water quality index graphs are also generated using the IS 10500: 2012 drinking water quality standard as a reference. Keywords: Ground Water Contamination, Spatial Distribution, QGIS, TDS, Nitrate, Chloride, Sulphate

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Ye, Bixiong, Yuansheng Chen, Yonghua Li, Hairong Li, Linsheng Yang i Wuyi Wang. "Risk assessment and water safety plan: case study in Beijing, China". Journal of Water and Health 13, nr 2 (9.09.2014): 510–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.101.

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Two typical rural water utilities in Beijing, China were chosen to describe the principles and applications of water safety plans (WSP), to provide a methodological guide for the actual application and improve the quality of rural drinking water quality, and to establish an appropriate method for WSP applied in rural water supply. Hazards and hazardous events were identified and risk assessment was conducted for rural water supply systems. A total of 13 and 12 operational limits were defined for two utilities, respectively. The main risk factors that affect the water safety were identified in water sources, water processes, water disinfection systems and water utility management. The main control measures were strengthening the water source protection, monitoring the water treatment processes, establishing emergency mechanisms, improving chemical input and operating system management. WSP can be feasibly applied to the management of a rural water supply.

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Crampton, Andrea, i Angela T. Ragusa. "Perceived agricultural runoff impact on drinking water". Journal of Water and Health 12, nr 3 (25.03.2014): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.212.

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Agricultural runoff into surface water is a problem in Australia, as it is in arguably all agriculturally active countries. While farm practices and resource management measures are employed to reduce downstream effects, they are often either technically insufficient or practically unsustainable. Therefore, consumers may still be exposed to agrichemicals whenever they turn on the tap. For rural residents surrounded by agriculture, the link between agriculture and water quality is easy to make and thus informed decisions about water consumption are possible. Urban residents, however, are removed from agricultural activity and indeed drinking water sources. Urban and rural residents were interviewed to identify perceptions of agriculture's impact on drinking water. Rural residents thought agriculture could impact their water quality and, in many cases, actively avoided it, often preferring tank to surface water sources. Urban residents generally did not perceive agriculture to pose health risks to their drinking water. Although there are more agricultural contaminants recognised in the latest Australian Drinking Water Guidelines than previously, we argue this is insufficient to enhance consumer protection. Health authorities may better serve the public by improving their proactivity and providing communities and water utilities with the capacity to effectively monitor and address agricultural runoff.

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Duarte-Vera, Alejandra Ester, Julien Vanhulst i Eduardo Antonio Letelier-Araya. "Tensiones de la Gobernanza comunitaria de servicios sanitarios rurales en territorios periurbanos (Chile)". Revista Urbano 24, nr 44 (30.11.2021): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2021.24.44.09.

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Unlike the private concession model applied in urban zones, rural water sanitation services in Chile are managed by rural drinking water (RDW) committees or cooperatives, under a community governance model. This article seeks to understand the tensions and conflicts faced by RDW community governance in the peri-urban territories of regional capitals, which are at the frontier of the private drinking water management model. Based on a political ecology and hybrid governance approach, this research proposes the hypothesis that, on facing urban expansion and water scarcity, the neoliberal institutional framework tends to favour drinking water market governance in peri-urban territories. With this aim, and through semi-structured interviews and participatory observation, focusing on three RDW cases located in the peri-urban zone of Talca, this study develops a critical discourse analysis of community managers and government regulators, identifying their perceptions and positions on current socio-ecological transformations, and community governance tensions. Consistent with the proposed hypothesis, from discourse analysis, it is possible to infer the potential risks of privatization, derived from the implementation of Law No. 20,998, which regulates rural water sanitation services.

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Tomko, Brianna, Christine L. Nittrouer, Xavier Sanchez-Vila i Audrey H. Sawyer. "Disparities in disruptions to public drinking water services in Texas communities during Winter Storm Uri 2021". PLOS Water 2, nr 6 (21.06.2023): e0000137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000137.

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Winter Storm Uri of February 2021 left millions of United States residents without access to reliable, clean domestic water during the COVID19 pandemic. In the state of Texas, over 17 million people served by public drinking water systems were placed under boil water advisories for periods ranging from one day to more than one month. We performed a geospatial analysis that combined public boil water advisory data for Texas with demographic information from the 2010 United States Census to understand the affected public water systems and the populations they served. We also issued a cross-sectional survey to account for people’s lived experiences. Geospatial analysis shows that the duration of boil water advisories depended partly on the size of the public water system. Large, urban public water systems issued advisories of intermediate length (5–7 days) and served racially diverse communities of moderate income. Small, mostly rural public water systems issued some of the longest advisories (20 days or more). Many of these systems served disproportionately White communities of lower income, but some served predominantly non-White, Hispanic, and Latino communities. In survey data, “first-generation” participants (whose parents were not college-educated) were more likely to be placed under boil water advisories, pointing to disparate impacts by socioeconomic group. The survey also revealed large communication gaps between public water utilities and individuals: more than half of all respondents were unsure or confused about whether they were issued a boil water advisory. Our study reinforces the need to improve resilience in public water services for large, diverse, urban communities and small, rural communities in the United States and to provide a clear and efficient channel for emergency communications between public water service utilities and the communities they serve.

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Kuttab, Atallah S. "Wastewater Treatment/Reuse in Rural Areas". Water Science and Technology 27, nr 9 (1.05.1993): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0186.

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Proper hygiene leading to good health, in urban as well as rural communities, requires that the consumption of drinking water is raised to acceptable levels (UN organizations put it at 40 liters/cap/day). The increase of water availability necessitates the provision of sewage drainage facilities. Urban areas are normally provided with sewerage schemes (sewer lines, treatment plants, etc.). However, it is unrealistic and not cost feasible to construct such sophisticated systems in villages. This is due to limited resources of public funds available to the responsible government agencies. In rural areas, the provision of utilities to drain sewage in a safe way lags behind the provision of water for household activities, including drinking water. This creates severe contamination to the environment of the various villages and reduces the impact of water on the improvement of health. An appropriate wastewater treatment/reuse system, called the Subsurface Drainage Technique (SDT), is described here which was successfully applied, by Save the Children/USA, in several villages on the Israeli Occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. The system is applicable for individual households with land available in their immediate vicinity. It consists of a watertight septic tank, where primary treatment occurred, followed by a subsurface drainage field in which the secondary treatment took place. The treated wastewater in the drainage field allowed indirect irrigation (below ground level) for surface plants. Local materials were adopted for the construction of the SDT. Villagers themselves were trained to build the various units and therefore were able to maintain their efficient performance. Ongoing monitoring of the plants grown in the drainage field and the testing for bacteriological contamination ensures the safe performance of the technology.

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Sindhi, Sumita, i Pranab Ranjan Choudhury. "Spring Health’s Tryst: Selling Safe Drinking Water". Asian Case Research Journal 22, nr 02 (grudzień 2018): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927518500098.

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The case talks about Spring Health Water India Private Limited (referred as SH), a social enterprise delivering safe drinking water to the millions who are earning less than $2 per day. Chairman of Spring Health Paul Polak, took up for-profit business venture as a measure to ensure health and poverty alleviation in rural areas. The idea is to provide affordable drinking water through decentralized delivery and utilizing local resources and grassroot entrepreneurs to keep the drinking water prices low. This venture provided extra income to some of the villagers — as entrepreneurs, business assistants, delivery boys, masons and plumbers, etc. Many innovative methods are adopted in the process to reach out to all social groups, in least possible time and at highly affordable prices. Effort is made to maximize customer base by using marketing techniques which are culturally and socially sensitive. Technology used in the process of chlorination is simple and with little knowledge/experience a villager can handle it too. It is a low cost technology and hence utilizes less resources, which are easily available and do not require high costs of handling and managing. The target is to reach 200 million people in the coming years covering East Indian states of Odisha, Bihar, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Jharkhand. To reach such scale, it requires concerted efforts on the part of company and a lot of funding support. Launch at each new village is a new challenge. Convincing rural masses on safe drinking water is a challenge and selling water with a price tag is not readily accepted in rural areas. Chairman Paul Polak and CEO Kishan Nanavati have a challenging situation of convincing people to buy safe drinking water and to mobilize funds for further expansion.

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Dutta, Swarup, Ishita Sinha i Adya Parashar. "Dalit Women and Water: Availability, Access and Discrimination in Rural India". Journal of Social Inclusion Studies 4, nr 1 (czerwiec 2018): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394481118774487.

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The present study identifies the multiplicity of issues and challenges faced by dalit women in accessing water from common, often distant sources of water, across five Indian states. Their reality of poor availability of drinking water was worsened by limited access to common resources due to their caste identity. On account of their social exclusion, dalit women suffer from physical as well as mental anguish. Discrimination against them is rampant on account of untouchability, and verbal and physical abuse accompanied with violence, which is a very real part of their everyday lives.

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Sikorski, Mikołaj, i Hanna Bauman-Kaszubska. "Methodical basis of the needs of water supply in rural areas in normal and special conditions". E3S Web of Conferences 59 (2018): 00022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185900022.

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When calculating the balance of water supply, the purpose for which water is intended should be taken into account. Depending on them, the water quality parameters may vary. Rural and agricultural water demand covers the basic types of water demand, including the population's living and economic needs, animal husbandry, the needs of public utilities, the needs related to the operation of vehicles and machinery, workshops, machines and other purposes, including the own needs of the water pipes, fire-fighting etc. The level of demand is also closely related to the factors influencing the level of individual water consumption. Taking into account the deficiencies in formal and legal regulations, the binding regulations concerning the operation of water supply systems in special conditions have been presented so far. Elements of the benchmarking study on unit water demand indicators in normal and special conditions in rural areas have also been taken into account, guided by the principles and numerical indicators for the calculation of water demand for drinking and business purposes.

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Rout, Satyapriya. "Institutional variations in practice of demand responsive approach: evidence from rural water supply in India". Water Policy 16, nr 4 (3.03.2014): 650–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.155.

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The paper reports the main findings of a study, designed to develop a better understanding of institutional variations in working with the demand responsive approach (DRA) in rural water supply in the state of Odisha in India. Data for the paper were collected from twelve village communities, where water is being supplied either through their community based institution or through the local government institution of the Gram Panchayat. The findings suggest that the two types of institutions performed differently in implementing the DRA. It depicted that the DRA under the broader rubric of institutional reforms in the water sector has failed to address the question of social inequality, and rather had reinforced and extended the already existing inequity of Indian society to access to safe and secure drinking water in rural areas. The study highlights that participation, cost recovery, full operation and management transfer may be an efficient proposition, but not sustainable in the long run without proper investment in institution building and support from the state, especially in provisioning of basic services like drinking water to rural poor.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Indian rural drinking water utilities"

Musonda, Kennedy. "Issues regarding sustainability of rural water supply in Zambia". Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1243.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to identify factors that contribute to the sustainability of rural water supply facilities (WSFs). Twenty-four interviews were conducted: 16 from rural communities and 8 from water supply agencies. Key findings are that in order to achieve sustainability of WSFs, there is need to ensure that (1) there is an effective community organisation; (2) communities have the ability to operate and maintain WSFs; (3) communities are able to raise adequate user fees for purchasing spare parts; and (4) that there is a strong backup support at the district level to carry out major repairs. Major threats to the sustainability of WSFs include high poverty levels in communities, weak institutional framework and inability of communities to handle major breakdowns.
Social Work
M.A. (Social Work)

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Książki na temat "Indian rural drinking water utilities"

Chakravarty, Shubhra. Drinking water and science: An Indian experiment. New Delhi: Batra Book Service, 1990.

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Alaska. Rural Utility Business Advisor Program. The updated plain English guide to Alaska drinking water and wastewater regulations: For rural utilities serving 25-1,500 people. Juneau?]: Alaska Dept. of Community and Economic Development, Division of Community and Business Development, Rural Utility Business Advisor Program, 2002.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Environment and the Economy. The needs of drinking water systems in rural and smaller communities: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Environment and the Economy of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, first session, February 27, 2015. Washington: U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2015.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs (1993- ). Water and sanitation issues in rural Alaska: Hearing before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, second session ... October 13, 1994, Anchorage, AK. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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(Bangladesh), Social Development Foundation, red. Private financing of public utilities: A model of public, private and people's participation. Dhaka: Social Development Foundation, 2007.

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US GOVERNMENT. Water and sanitation issues in rural Alaska: Hearing before the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, second session ... ... October 13, 1994, Anchorage, AK (S. hrg). For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, 1995.

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Financial management: The Indian Trust Fund strategic plan. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1997.

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Narang, Harpreet Kaur. Food Insecurity in India's Agricultural Heartland. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866479.001.0001.

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Abstract Through its goal of ‘Zero Hunger’, the SDG 2 is committed to end hunger and malnutrition for all by 2030. India is a signatory to this commitment, and all the earlier international declarations on eradication of hunger and poverty. Yet, India is home to the world’s largest food insecure population and is rated as a country with ‘serious’ hunger levels Not even a single state in India is, in the ‘low hunger’ or ‘moderate hunger’ categories. The food abundant state of Punjab, which has been largely responsible for India’s self-sufficiency in food grains production also lies in the ‘serious’ category. Punjab not only makes an ideal case study for exploring the paradoxical issue of ‘Hunger amidst Plenty’, but also ideally represents the Indian economy. Being a primarily rural and agrarian economy, Punjab exhibits an exclusive and unsustainable growth process that has failed to trickle down and generate livelihood security to its masses leading to an agrarian and ecological crisis marked by soaring farmer’s indebtedness and suicides. By exploring the multidimensionality of the concept of food security, in Punjab, this book brings to fore a multiplicity of issues that affect food security, including education, health, employment, gender and caste-based discrimination, and environmental conditions such as health care, availability of safe drinking water and sanitation as well as nutrition practices and knowledge that promote absorption and improve health status.

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Części książek na temat "Indian rural drinking water utilities"

Aliyev, Orkhan. "Economic resilience in water supply service in rural Tajikistan: A case study from Oxfam". W Resilience of Water Supply in Practice: Experiences from the Frontline, 161–84. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789061628_0161.

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Abstract The water utilities established by the Tajikistan Water Supply and Sanitation (TajWSS) project, which is funded by Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and led by Oxfam in Tajikistan in collaboration with Government of Tajikistan focussed mainly on decentralization of drinking water services and ownership of the water supply assets by local governance bodies. However, owing to the increasing demand for water and pressures on water resources as a result of climatic variability, water utilities in rural areas are facing financial, operational and environmental challenges which prevent them from responding adequately. These challenges require highly resilient considerations in the design, construction and management of water supply and sanitation facilities and access to financial resources to overcome unforeseen risks. Oxfam's experience in Tajikistan shows that a community's socio-economic status and water utilities’ business operations were key factors for building the resilience of water and sanitation (WS) systems in rural areas. In this paper, the approach in building WS systems that are highly resilient to disasters or risks in rural areas is investigated along with how different factors such as demand and supply, institutional capacity, access to finance and community ownership affect the sustainability of WS services.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Indian rural drinking water utilities"

Wright, Natasha C., i Amos G. Winter. "Energetic and Socioeconomic Justification for Solar-Powered Desalination Technology for Rural Indian Villages". W ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35176.

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This paper provides justification for solar-powered electrodialysis desalination systems for rural Indian villages. It is estimated that 11% of India’s 800 million people living in rural areas do not have access to an improved water source. If the source’s quality in regards to biological, chemical, or physical contaminants is also considered, this percentage is even higher. User interviews conducted by the authors and in literature reveal that users judge the quality of their water source based on its aesthetic quality (taste, odor, and temperature). Seventy-three percent of Indian villages rely on groundwater as their primary drinking supply. However, saline groundwater underlies approximately 60% of the land area in India. Desalination is necessary in order to improve the aesthetics of this water (by reducing salinity below the taste threshold) and remove contaminants that cause health risks. Both technical and socioeconomic factors were considered to identify the critical design requirements for inland water desalination in India. An off-grid power system is among those requirements due to the lack of grid access or intermittent supply, problems faced by half of Indian villages. The same regions in India that have high groundwater salinity also have the advantage of high solar potential, making solar a primary candidate. Within the salinity range of groundwater found in inland India, electrodialysis would substantially reduce the energy consumption to desalinate compared to reverse osmosis, which is the standard technology used for village-level systems. This energy savings leads to a smaller solar array required for electrodialysis systems, translating to reduced capital costs.

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