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KABIR, ANANYA JAHANARA. "Rapsodia Ibero-Indiana: Transoceanic creolization and the mando of Goa." Modern Asian Studies 55, no. 5 (2021): 1581–636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x20000311.
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AbstractThe mando is a secular song-and-dance genre of Goa whose archival attestations began in the 1860s. It is still danced today, in staged rather than social settings. Its lyrics are in Konkani, their musical accompaniment combine European and local instruments, and its dancing follows the principles of the nineteenth-century European group dances known as quadrilles, which proliferated in extra-European settings to yield various creolized forms. Using theories of creolization, archival and field research in Goa, and an understanding of quadrille dancing as a social and memorial act, this article presents the mando as a peninsular, Indic, creolized quadrille. It thus offers the first systematic examination of the mando as a nineteenth-century social dance created through processes of creolization that linked the cultural worlds of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans—a manifestation of what early twentieth-century Goan composer Carlos Eugénio Ferreira called a ‘rapsodia Ibero-Indiana’ (‘Ibero-Indian rhapsody’). I investigate the mando's kinetic, performative, musical, and linguistic aspects, its emergence from a creolization of mentalités that commenced with the advent of Christianity in Goa, its relationship to other dances in Goa and across the Indian and Atlantic Ocean worlds, as well as the memory of inter-imperial cultural encounters it performs. I thereby argue for a new understanding of Goa through the processes of transoceanic creolization and their reverberation in the postcolonial present. While demonstrating the heuristic benefit of theories of creolization to the study of peninsular Indic culture, I bring those theories to peninsular India to develop further their standard applications.
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Mallet, Julien. "Insularity and Musical Horizons in Madagascar. Local Networks, Global Connection and Vice Versa." Youth and Globalization 4, no. 2 (2023): 178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895745-04020010.
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Abstract In Madagascar, musical genres that were previously exclusively regional have been broadcast nationwide for a few years. One of the notable changes concerning representations lies in the transition from identity referents linked to regional and/or ethnic affiliations to referents (assigned by the capital’s media) belonging to a globalizing register: mafana music (“hot music”). Artists, taken in this category, have migrated to the capital and are building new musical forms combining regional or ethnic repertoires and international modern forms, in particular by affirming and claiming a Black belonging through borrowings from modern African and North American musical genres. The article will focus on reflecting on globalization as a horizon. An alarming economic reality, an unequal social order, strong relations of domination and dependence at the local, national and global levels, are realities that strongly mark Madagascar. However, we will see how the actors of the music studied come in part and in their own way to challenge this context by an original local/global articulation. From the so-called mafana music we will see how local music genres were formed and have built meaning by connecting to global horizons. Carried in part by young women from dominated regions and marginalized communities and who have become stars, this phenomenon refers to multiple imaginaries. It is among other things to be understood in a context of inter-ethnic relations at the national level, inherited from the colonial system and mobilizing stereotyped representations between merina (historically dominant ethnic group, of the capital) and coastal, through oppositions “white” / “black”, “Asian type” / “African type”, “civilized” / “savage”, unbridled /measured sexuality... The article will focus on analyzing the processes of positive reappropriation of these stereotypes (transition from the status of black women / coastal mainty to that of national black stars) and the articulation of the phenomenon to new regional (Indian Ocean) and international (France) mobilities through community networks that are set up via the diaspora and the internet (Youtube, Facebook). At the heart of identity reformulations, these musics shake up categories and the established order. Taken in emerging markets, deploying through new networks and circulations from below, they are at the center of contemporary mutations where insularity and expanded horizons are entangled.
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Parent, Marie-Christine. "“MUSIC OF THE SLAVES” IN THE INDIAN OCEAN CREOLE ISLANDS: A PERSPECTIVE FROM THE SEYCHELLES." African Music: Journal of the International Library of African Music 11, no. 2 (2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21504/amj.v11i2.2311.
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This article examines the development and expression of the moutya from Seychelles, in relation to the sega from Mauritius and the maloya from Reunion. These musical styles and their associated practices are recognised as evidence of an African heritage in the archipelagos. To better understand their connections and singularities, I utilise a diachronic and synchronic approach, at local and regional levels. The purpose is to demonstrate the mobility of musicians and the permeability of musical practices in these islands over time, using history and narratives from the colonial period (from the end of the seventeenth century) to the present, and fieldwork observations. This approach shows how music and dance elements from Africa are creolised on the islands and how they are further adapted as islanders travel around these islands. In the process one musical practice becomes many, although they fall into a matrix of styles sharing similar features. The article approaches the emergence and the transformation of (what would become) moutya in the Seychelles by first describing the emergence of musical creativity in the Mascarenes and Seychelles. This is followed by a discussion of the transition from a marginal and resistance form of music to new musical categories. Finally, the article describes circulations and musical exchanges between the islands, opening the door to a better understanding of Creole culture and music in the south-western Indian Ocean islands.
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Pujolràs-Noguer, Esther, and Felicity Hand. "Indian Ocean Imaginaries. The Academic Trajectory of the Ratnakara Research Group." Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, no. 82 (2021): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.recaesin.2021.82.02.
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This article outlines the academic trajectory of the Ratnakara Research Group through a description of the research conducted in each of the financed research projects it has been awarded. Ratnakara. Indian Ocean Literatures and Cultures is the only Spanish research group that specializes in the study of the literary and cultural productions of the Indian Ocean area and has contributed to the creation and consolidation of Indian Ocean imaginaries.
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Singh, D. D. "Rayleigh-Wave Group-Velocity Studies beneath the Indian Ocean." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 95, no. 2 (2005): 502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000296.
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P B, Manjunatha, Fathima Nuzhat, Gnanashri K V, Haidery Zehra, and Lakshmi Kruthi H K. "RAGA DETECTION." International Research Journal of Computer Science 9, no. 8 (2022): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/irjcs.2022.v0908.18.
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The Indian music genre bestows an artist to offer their own particular flavor to a raga makes it delicate for a neophyte to spot two contrasting performances of the identical raga. The importance of Raga identification in Indian music cannot be inflated. The analysis must begin with relating the underpinning raga. There are various attempts made in relating the raga in an exceedingly music. The identification of ragas is intelligible and comes only after respectable quantum of revelation. For automated identification, several the attributes of ragas must be converted into applicable features. This becomes particularly difficult for Indian music because of the subsequent reasons which must be addressed while transforming a music piece into swara strings It might be difficult for a novice to distinguish between two different renditions of the same raga because the Indian music genre allows a performer to add their own unique flavour to a raga. It is impossible to overstate the significance of raga identification in Indian music. Identifying the underlying raga is the first step in the investigation. Various attempts have been made to relate the raga in a very musical way. Raga classification is comprehensible and follows a reasonable amount of revelation. Several ragas' properties must be transformed into relevant traits in order for them to be automatically identified. Due to the ensuing considerations that must be made while converting a musical composition into swara strings, this becomes especially challenging for Indian music. During a performance, numerous instruments are also used to create a musical composition. Indian music uses a relative scale rather than a Kelvin scale for its notes, in contrast to Western music. A very raga lacks a rooted beginning swara. In Indian music, notes contain a spectrum of frequencies (also known as oscillations) surrounding them rather than a fixed frequency. Each raga has an unfixed number of swaras, and if all of the raga's attributes are present, colourful extemporizations are permitted when citing a particular raga. These elements present a significant obstacle to the automatic discovery of raga. One of the methods for raga type is the recapitulation of raga into swaras at each point in time and classification using a classifier similar to K Nearest Neighbor model has been created and published while the model offers more nuance on the test dataset sample. There have been attempts to relate the raga to a piece of music. A strategy for determining the raga type involves resuming the raga into swaras at regular intervals and categorising using techniques like KNN and SVM.
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Wong, Patrick C. M., Alice H. D. Chan, Anil Roy, and Elizabeth H. Margulis. "The Bimusical Brain Is Not Two Monomusical Brains in One: Evidence from Musical Affective Processing." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 12 (2011): 4082–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00105.
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Complex auditory exposures in ambient environments include systems of not only linguistic but also musical sounds. Because musical exposure is often passive, consisting of listening rather than performing, examining listeners without formal musical training allows for the investigation of the effects of passive exposure on our nervous system without active use. Additionally, studying listeners who have exposure to more than one musical system allows for an evaluation of how the brain acquires multiple symbolic and communicative systems. In the present fMRI study, listeners who had been exposed to Western-only (monomusicals) and both Indian and Western musical systems (bimusicals) since childhood and did not have significant formal musical training made tension judgments on Western and Indian music. Significant group by music interactions in temporal and limbic regions were found, with effects predominantly driven by between-music differences in temporal regions in the monomusicals and by between-music differences in limbic regions in the bimusicals. Effective connectivity analysis of this network via structural equation modeling (SEM) showed significant path differences across groups and music conditions, most notably a higher degree of connectivity and larger differentiation between the music conditions within the bimusicals. SEM was also used to examine the relationships among the degree of music exposure, affective responses, and activation in various brain regions. Results revealed a more complex behavioral–neural relationship in the bimusicals, suggesting that affective responses in this group are shaped by multiple behavioral and neural factors. These three lines of evidence suggest a clear differentiation of the effects of the exposure of one versus multiple musical systems.
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NAG, SK. "Surface Wave Dispersion and Crustal Structure in the Indian Ocean." MAUSAM 18, no. 1 (2022): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v18i1.4401.
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Dispersion of Rayleigh waves along several paths in the Indian Ocean have been studied by means of records from Shillong. From the observed group velocity data it was found that the average thickness of the crust under the Indian Ocean is about 5.10 km. It was also found that the bottom of the Indian Ocean is likely to be covered, by a series of ridges.
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Das, R., L. Granat, C. Leck, P. S. Praveen, and H. Rodhe. "Chemical composition of rainwater at Maldives Climate Observatory at Hanimaadhoo (MCOH)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 8 (2011): 3743–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3743-2011.
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Abstract. Water-soluble inorganic components in rain deposited at the Maldives Climate Observatory Hanimaadhoo (MCOH) were examined to determine seasonality and possible source regions. The study, which is part of the Atmospheric Brown Cloud (ABC) project, covers the period June 2005 to December 2007. Air mass trajectories were used to separate the data into situations with transport of air from India and adjacent parts of the Asian continent during the months December and January (Indian group) and those with southerly flow from the Indian Ocean during the summer monsoon season June to September (Marine group). A third trajectory group was identified with transport from the northern parts of the Arabian Sea and adjacent land areas during the months March, April and October (Arabian Sea group). The concentrations of nss-SO42−, NH4+ and NO3− were more than a factor of 4 higher in the Indian group than in the Marine group. The average rainwater pH was significantly lower in the Indian group (4.7) than in the Marine group (6.0). This shows a pronounced influence of continental pollutants during December and January. The origin of the very high concentration of nss-Ca2+ found in the Marine group – a factor of 7 higher than in the Indian group – is unclear. We discuss various possibilities including long-range transport from the African or Australian continents, local dust from nearby islands and calcareous plankton debris and exopolymer gels emitted from the ocean surface. The occurrence of NO3− and NH4+ in the Marine group suggests emissions from the ocean surface. Part of the NO3− could also be associated with lightning over the ocean. Despite the fact that the concentrations of nss-SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ were highest in the Indian group the wet deposition was at least as big in the Marine group reflecting the larger amount of rainfall during the monsoon season. The annual wet deposition of NO3−, NH4+ and nss-SO42− at MCOH is about a factor of three lower than observed at rural sites in India.
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Blench, Roger. "Using Diverse Sources of Evidence for Reconstructing the Past History of Musical Exchanges in the Indian Ocean." African Archaeological Review 31, no. 4 (2014): 675–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10437-014-9178-z.
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du Plessis, Nicole, Juliet Hermes, Narnia Bohler-Muller, et al. "The proposed institutional reform of the Indian Ocean Rim Academic Group." Journal of the Indian Ocean Region 14, no. 2 (2018): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2018.1476119.
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Nugraha, Budi, Dian Novianto, and Abram Barata. "KERAGAMAN GENETIK IKAN TUNA MATA BESAR (Thunnus obesus) DI SAMUDERA HINDIA." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 17, no. 4 (2017): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.17.4.2011.277-284.
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Informasi kondisi populasi ikan tuna mata besar di perairan Samudera Hindia belum banyak diketahui. Hal ini dapat diprediksi melalui pendekatan dengan menggunakan analisis DNA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi keragaman genetik dan struktur populasi ikan tuna mata besar dari perairan Samudera Hindia sebelah selatan Jawa dan Nusa Tenggara, dan barat Sumatera. Pengambilan sampel ikan tuna mata besar dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai November 2010 berlokasi di perairan Samudera Hindia sebelah selatan Jawa dan Nusa Tenggara, dan barat Sumatera. Pengumpulan sampel jaringan (sirip) ikan tuna mata besar dilakukan oleh observer di atas kapal tuna longline. Nilai keragaman haplotipe (genetik) yang diperoleh adalah 0,8267 untuk kelompok sampel 1 dan 0,7766 untuk kelompok sampel 2 dengan nilai rata-rata keragaman genetik adalah 0,8017. Jarak genetik antara kelompok sampel ikan tuna mata besar di Samudera Hindia adalah 0,0038. Dendrogram yang dibentuk berdasarkan jarak genetik menunjukkan bahwa kelompok sampel ikan tuna mata besar yang diamati dapat dibagi menjadi dua kelompok populasi (subpopulasi), yaitu kelompok pertama terdiri dari ikan tuna mata besar yang berasal dari Samudera Hindia selatan Jawa dan Nusa Tenggara, sedangkan kelompok kedua yang berasal dari Samudera Hindia barat Sumatera. Information of bigeye tuna population condition in Indian Ocean has been not known. This can be predicted through the approach of using DNA analysis. This study aimes to obtain information on genetic diversity and population structure of the bigeye tuna from the Indian Ocean south of Java and Nusa Tenggara, and West Sumatra. Sampling bigeye tuna conducted in March until November 2010 is located in the Indian Ocean south of Java and Nusa Tenggara, and West Sumatra. The samples (fin) of bigeye tuna was collected by the observers on board tuna longline. Value of haplotype diversity (genetic) obtained was 0.8267 for the sample group 1 and 0.7766 for sample group 2 with an average was 0.8017. Genetic distance between sample groups of bigeye tuna in the Indian Ocean was 0.0038. Dendrogram established based on genetic distance shows that the group of bigeye tuna observed can be divided into two groups of populations (subpopulations), the first group consisted of bigeye tuna from the Indian Ocean south of Java and Nusa Tenggara, while the second group was from the Indian Ocean west of Sumatra.
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Watanabe, Hiromi Kayama, Chong Chen, Daniel P. Marie, Ken Takai, Katsunori Fujikura, and Benny K. K. Chan. "Phylogeography of hydrothermal vent stalked barnacles: a new species fills a gap in the Indian Ocean ‘dispersal corridor’ hypothesis." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 4 (2018): 172408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172408.
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Phylogeography of animals provides clues to processes governing their evolution and diversification. The Indian Ocean has been hypothesized as a ‘dispersal corridor’ connecting hydrothermal vent fauna of Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Stalked barnacles of the family Eolepadidae are common associates of deep-sea vents in Southern, Pacific and Indian oceans, and the family is an ideal group for testing this hypothesis. Here, we describe Neolepas marisindica sp. nov. from the Indian Ocean, distinguished from N. zevinae and N. rapanuii by having a tridentoid mandible in which the second tooth lacks small elongated teeth. Morphological variations suggest that environmental differences result in phenotypic plasticity in the capitulum and scales on the peduncle in eolepadids. We suggest that diagnostic characters in Eolepadidae should be based mainly on more reliable arthropodal characters and DNA barcoding, while the plate arrangement should be used carefully with their intraspecific variation in mind. We show morphologically that Neolepas specimens collected from the South West Indian Ridge, the South East Indian Ridge and the Central Indian Ridge belong to the new species. Molecular phylogeny and fossil evidence indicated that Neolepas migrated from the southern Pacific to the Indian Ocean through the Southern Ocean, providing key evidence against the ‘dispersal corridor’ hypothesis. Exploration of the South East Indian Ridge is urgently required to understand vent biogeography in the Indian Ocean.
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KOMAI, TOMOYUKI, and JOSEPH POUPIN. "Records of the hermit crab genus Pagurixus Melin, 1939 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from Europa Island, western Indian Ocean, with descriptions of two new species." Zootaxa 3608, no. 3 (2013): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3608.3.3.
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Three species of the pagurid hermit crab genus Pagurixus Melin, 1939, are reported from Europa Island in the Mozambique Strait, western Indian Ocean: P. haigae Komai & Osawa, 2007, P. annulus n. sp., and P. europa n. sp. Pagurixus haigae is recorded from the western Indian Ocean for the first time. Pagurixus annulus n. sp. and P. europa n. sp. are referred to the P. boninensis (Melin, 1939) species group and P. anceps (Forest, 1954) group, respectively. Diagnostic characters of these two new species are discussed.
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PROKOFIEV, ARTEM M., and TOMIO IWAMOTO. "A new species of the grenadier genus Coelorinchus (Gadiformes: Macrouridae) from the western Indian Ocean." Zootaxa 5194, no. 2 (2022): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5194.2.3.
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A new species, Coelorinchus tricristiger sp. nov., is described from the western Indian Ocean off Socotra and Somalia. It belongs to the Coelorinchus hubbsi group of the subgenus Quincuncia. The modified scales on top of the postorbital portion of head forming a prolonged longitudinal ridge, in combination with its distinctive body markings and the absence of a ventral projection of subopercle, make the new species easily distinguishable from congeners. This is the second representative of the C. hubbsi group in the western Indian Ocean in addition to the previously known C. melanosagmatus.
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Mahajan, Nidhi. "“The Coast Is Not Kenya”: Mwambao in a “Moment of Danger” in Lamu." Monsoon 1, no. 1 (2023): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/2834698x-10346002.
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Abstract This article examines the multiple, diverse renderings of the past that came to the fore in the Indian Ocean port city of Lamu at the groundbreaking of the Lamu Port, South Sudan, Ethiopia Transport and Economic Development Corridor (LAPSSET) project in 2012. This infrastructural project includes a megaport and a freight corridor that would make Lamu the Indian Ocean terminus for a rail-land bridge. In Lamu, the LAPSSET project produced anxieties and questions about the past, where different historical narratives—of belonging, sovereignty, and autochthony—bubbled up to the surface. Focusing on two groups in Lamu and the wider Swahili coast, the first a coalition of civil society organizations called Save Lamu and second, the Mombasa Republican Council, a secessionist group, this essay examines the resurgence of older modes of coastal nationalism or mwambao. This article argues that coastal nationalism enshrined notions of Indian Ocean belonging, where the “nation” was defined by the coast's history in the larger Indian Ocean rather than the Kenyan nation-state. These Indian Ocean imaginaries were at the center of cleavages between state and society when construction for LAPSSET began in 2012, gesturing to how sovereignty remains unsettled in coastal East Africa.
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Ashwal, L. D. "Wandering continents of the Indian Ocean." South African Journal of Geology 122, no. 4 (2019): 397–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.122.0040.
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Abstract On the last page of his 1937 book “Our Wandering Continents” Alex Du Toit advised the geological community to develop the field of “comparative geology”, which he defined as “the study of continental fragments”. This is precisely the theme of this paper, which outlines my research activities for the past 28 years, on the continental fragments of the Indian Ocean. In the early 1990s, my colleagues and I were working in Madagascar, and we recognized the need to appreciate the excellent geological mapping (pioneered in the 1950s by Henri Besairie) in a more modern geodynamic context, by applying new ideas and analytical techniques, to a large and understudied piece of continental crust. One result of this work was the identification of a 700 to 800 Ma belt of plutons and volcanic equivalents, about 450 km long, which we suggested might represent an Andean-type arc, produced by Neoproterozoic subduction. We wondered if similar examples of this magmatic belt might be present elsewhere, and we began working in the Seychelles, where late Precambrian granites are exposed on about 40 of the >100 islands in the archipelago. Based on our new petrological, geochemical and geochronological measurements, we built a case that these ~750 Ma rocks also represent an Andean-type arc, coeval with and equivalent to the one present in Madagascar. By using similar types of approaches, we tracked this arc even further, into the Malani Igneous Province of Rajasthan, in northwest India. Our paleomagnetic data place these three entities adjacent to each other at ~750 Ma, and were positioned at the margins, rather than in the central parts of the Rodinia supercontinent, further supporting their formation in a subduction-related continental arc. A widespread view is that in the Neoproterozoic, Rodinia began to break apart, and the more familiar Gondwana supercontinent was assembled by Pan-African (~500 to 600 Ma) continental collisions, marked by the highly deformed and metamorphosed rocks of the East African Orogen. It was my mentor, Kevin Burke, who suggested that the present-day locations of Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites (called “ARCs”) and their Deformed equivalents (called “DARCs”), might mark the outlines of two well-defined parts of the Wilson cycle. We can be confident that ARCs formed originally in intracontinental rift settings, and we postulated that DARCs represent suture zones, where vanished oceans have closed. We also found that the isotopic record of these events can be preserved in DARC minerals. In a nepheline syenite gneiss from Malawi, the U-Pb age of zircons is 730 Ma (marking the rifting of Rodinia), and that of monazites is 522 Ma (marking the collisional construction of Gondwana). A general outline of how and when Gondwana broke apart into the current configuration of continental entities, starting at about 165 Ma, has been known for some time, because this record is preserved in the magnetic properties of ocean-floor basalts, which can be precisely dated. A current topic of active research is the role that deep mantle plumes may have played in initiating, or assisting, continental fragmentation. I am part of a group of colleagues and students who are applying complementary datasets to understand how the Karoo (182 Ma), Etendeka (132 Ma), Marion (90 Ma) and Réunion (65 Ma) plumes influenced the break-up of Gondwana and the development of the Indian Ocean. Shortly after the impingement of the Karoo plume at 182 Ma, Gondwana fragmentation began as Madagascar + India + Antarctica separated from Africa, and drifted southward. Only after 90 Ma, when Madagascar was blanketed by lavas of the Marion plume, did India begin to rift, and rapidly drifted northward, assisted by the Marion and Deccan (65 Ma) plumes, eventually colliding with Asia to produce the Himalayas. It is interesting that a record of these plate kinematics is preserved in the large Permian – Eocene sedimentary basins of western Madagascar: transtensional pull-apart structures are dextral in Jurassic rocks (recording initial southward drift with respect to Africa), but change to sinistral in the Eocene, recording India’s northward drift. Our latest work has begun to reveal that small continental fragments are present in unexpected places. In the young (max. 9 Ma) plume-related, volcanic island of Mauritius, we found Precambrian zircons with ages between 660 and 3000 Ma, in beach sands and trachytic lavas. This can only mean that a fragment of ancient continent must exist beneath the young volcanoes there, and that the old zircons were picked up by ascending magmas on their way to surface eruption sites. We speculate, based on gravity inversion modelling, that continental fragments may also be present beneath the Nazareth, Saya de Malha and Chagos Banks, as well as the Maldives and Laccadives. These were once joined together in a microcontinent we called “Mauritia”, and became scattered across the Indian Ocean during Gondwana break-up, probably by mid-ocean ridge “jumps”. This work, widely reported in international news media, allows a more refined reconstruction of Gondwana, suggests that continental break-up is far more complex than previously perceived, and has important implications for regional geological correlations and exploration models. Our results, as interesting as they may be, are merely follow-ups that build upon the prescient and pioneering ideas of Alex Du Toit, whose legacy I appreciatively acknowledge.
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Samson, Guillaume, and Carlos Sandroni. "The recognition of Brazilian samba de roda and reunion maloya as intangible cultural heritage of humanity." Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 10, no. 1 (2013): 530–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-43412013000100022.
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In this essay, we present a comparative analysis of the UNESCO heritage nomination process for two African Diaspora music and dance forms: samba de roda, from the Bahian Recôncavo (a coastal area of the northeastern Brazilian state of Bahia), and maloya, from Reunion Island (a former French colony in the Indian Ocean, which is now officially an "overseas department of France"). samba de roda, as the Brazilian candidate, was included in the III Proclamation of Masterpieces of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity, in 2005. And maloya, the French candidate, was inscribed onto the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, in 2009. Despite a number of formal commonalities between samba de roda and maloya, such as responsorial singing, choreography, and the main musical instrument types, the controversies raised during their respective processes of nomination were quite distinct. The former is regarded as a traditional and less well known style of samba, the musical genre widely recognized as the musical emblem of Brazil. The latter competes with séga-a genre of popular music consolidated in the local media-for the position of chief musical representative of Reunion Island. The disparate symbolic identities attributed to these musical expressions pave the way for a distinct manner of employing the international resources related to the safeguarding of intangible heritage. This suggests that the local impact of the inclusion onto international lists depends as much on the contextual particularities of each candidacy as on central decision-making bodies such as UNESCO.
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Ohtsuka, Susumu, and David V. P. Conway. "A new species of Tortanus (Atortus) (Copepoda: Calanoida: Tortanidae) from the Seychelles, Mauritius and Madagascar." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 1 (2005): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405010830h.
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A new species of the planktonic copepod Tortanus (Atortus) (Calanoida: Tortanidae), T. (A.) magnonyx is described from the Seychelles, Mauritius and Madagascar. This is the sixth species of the Indian Ocean recticauda species group, of the Indo-West Pacific recticauda species complex, that has been described from the western Indian Ocean. The inshore areas where these copepods are found have been poorly surveyed, so the number of species found implies a high diversity.
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Yuan, C., Y. Li, X. Zhang, et al. "Diversity of picoeukaryotes in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean revealed by metabarcoding." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 86 (May 27, 2021): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame01965.
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We used 18S rRNA gene metabarcoding to investigate picoeukaryotic diversity and distribution at the surface and deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) of 4 stations in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO). The results showed that picoeukaryotic communities were dominated by 5 phyla: Dinoflagellata, Radiolaria, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta and Ciliophora. The picoeukaryotic communities were classified into 3 groups matching their water mass origins and depth: (1) Group I was in the surface waters of the Bay of Bengal, which had low salinity, and was dominated by Radiolaria Group A, Spirotrichea and marine stramenopiles; (2) Group II was in the DCM within the intrusion of Arabian Sea high salinity water, in which Chloropicophyceae and Pelagophyceae were more abundant; and (3) Group III was located in the 0°-5°S surface water, which was enriched by Dinophyceae. In addition, Caecitellaceae paraparvulus was abundant at 4°S, where weak vertical mixing occurred. This study provides the first baseline of picoeukaryotic diversity in the EEIO.
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Hable, Sarah, Karin Sigloch, Eléonore Stutzmann, Sergey Kiselev, and Guilhem Barruol. "Tomography of crust and lithosphere in the western Indian Ocean from noise cross-correlations of land and ocean bottom seismometers." Geophysical Journal International 219, no. 2 (2019): 924–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz333.
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SUMMARY We use seismic noise cross-correlations to obtain a 3-D tomography model of SV-wave velocities beneath the western Indian Ocean, in the depth range of the oceanic crust and uppermost mantle. The study area covers 2000 × 2000 km2 between Madagascar and the three spreading ridges of the Indian Ocean, centred on the volcanic hotspot of La Réunion. We use seismograms from 38 ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) deployed by the RHUM-RUM project and 10 island stations on La Réunion, Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues, and Tromelin. Phase cross-correlations are calculated for 1119 OBS-to-OBS, land-to-OBS, and land-to-land station pairs, and a phase-weighted stacking algorithm yields robust group velocity measurements in the period range of 3–50 s. We demonstrate that OBS correlations across large interstation distances of >2000 km are of sufficiently high quality for large-scale tomography of ocean basins. Many OBSs yielded similarly good group velocity measurements as land stations. Besides Rayleigh waves, the noise correlations contain a low-velocity wave type propagating at 0.8–1.5 km s−1 over distances exceeding 1000 km, presumably Scholte waves travelling through seafloor sediments. The 100 highest-quality group velocity curves are selected for tomographic inversion at crustal and lithospheric depths. The inversion is executed jointly with a data set of longer-period, Rayleigh-wave phase and group velocity measurements from earthquakes, which had previously yielded a 3-D model of Indian Ocean lithosphere and asthenosphere. Robust resolution tests and plausible structural findings in the upper 30 km validate the use of noise-derived OBS correlations for adding crustal structure to earthquake-derived tomography of the oceanic mantle. Relative to crustal reference model CRUST1.0, our new shear-velocity model tends to enhance both slow and fast anomalies. It reveals slow anomalies at 20 km depth beneath La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues Ridge, Madagascar Rise, and beneath the Central Indian spreading ridge. These structures can clearly be associated with increased crustal thickness and/or volcanic activity. Locally thickened crust beneath La Réunion and Mauritius is probably related to magmatic underplating by the hotspot. In addition, these islands are characterized by a thickened lithosphere that may reflect the depleted, dehydrated mantle regions from which the crustal melts where sourced. Our tomography model is available as electronic supplement.
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Rahaim, Matt. "That Ban(e) of Indian Music: Hearing Politics in The Harmonium." Journal of Asian Studies 70, no. 3 (2011): 657–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911811000854.
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The harmonium is both widely played and widely condemned in India. During the Indian independence movement, both British and Indian scholars condemned the harmonium for embodying an unwelcome foreign musical sensibility. It was consequently banned from All-India Radio from 1940 to 1971, and still is only provisionally accepted on the national airwaves. The debate over the harmonium hinged on putative sonic differences between India and the modern West, which were posited not by performers, but by a group of scholars, composers, and administrators, both British and Indian. The attempt to banish the sound of the harmonium was part of an attempt to define a national sound for India, distinct from the West. Its continued use in education served a somewhat different national project: to standardize Indian music practice. This paper examines the intertwined aesthetic and political ideals that underlie the harmonium controversy.
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Fryer, Brian J., and John D. Greenough. "Evidence for mantle heterogeneity from platinum-group-element abundances in Indian Ocean basalts." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 11 (1992): 2329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-181.
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Oceanic-island tholeiitic basalts recovered from four sunken oceanic islands along the Reunion hot-spot trace show trace-element and mineralogical characteristics ranging from typical oceanic-island tholeiites to incompatible-element-depleted tholeiites resembling mid-ocean-ridge basalts. There are also variable degrees of magma evolution at each island. Noble metal (Au, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir) abundances tend to decrease with magma evolution and with magma "alkalinity", indicating that the metals behave as compatible elements during crystal fractionation processes and during mantle melting processes. Palladium-to-iridium ratios also decrease with increasing alkalinity. Absolute abundances of elements such as Pd are higher than those in typical mid-ocean-ridge basalts, by factors up to 30, despite many major-element similarities with the latter. Comparison with other types of mafic rocks shows that Pd/Ir ratios increase with decreasing alkalinity in basaltic rocks but plunge to alkali-basalt values in komatiites. A model involving retention of low-melting-point Au, Pd, and Rh in mantle sulphides, which completely dissolve by intermediate percentages of melting, and the high-melting-point metals Ir and Ru in late-melting mantle alloys explains increasing Pd/Ir ratios with decreasing alkalinity (increasing melting percentages) in oceanic basalts and the low Pd/Ir ratios of high-percentage melt komatiites.The high noble metal concentrations in Indian Ocean basalts compared with basalts from many other ocean basins are most easily explained by higher concentrations in their source regions. This may be related to incomplete mixing of a post-core-formation meteoritic component of the upper mantle, or deep mantle plume-derived blebs of core material that either failed to reach the core, during core–mantle differentiation, or were plucked from the core by a convecting lower mantle. The latter is tentatively favoured due to the apparently higher noble metal concentrations in oceanic-island (plume) basalts.
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Onyutha, C., and P. Willems. "Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in the Nile Basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 5 (2015): 2227–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2227-2015.
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Abstract. Spatiotemporal variability in annual and seasonal rainfall totals were assessed at 37 locations of the Nile Basin in Africa using quantile perturbation method (QPM). To get insight into the spatial difference in rainfall statistics, the stations were grouped based on the pattern of the long-term mean (LTM) of monthly rainfall and that of temporal variability. To find the origin of the driving forces for the temporal variability in rainfall, correlation analyses were carried out using global monthly sea level pressure (SLP) and sea surface temperature (SST). Further investigations to support the obtained correlations were made using a total of 10 climate indices. It was possible to obtain three groups of stations; those within the equatorial region (A), Sudan and Ethiopia (B), and Egypt (C). For group A, annual rainfall was found to be below (above) the reference during the late 1940s to 1950s (1960s to mid-1980s). Conversely for groups B and C, the period from 1930s to late 1950s (1960s to 1980s) was characterized by anomalies being above (below) the reference. For group A, significant linkages were found to Niño 3, Niño 3.4, and the North Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean drivers. Correlations of annual rainfall of group A with Pacific Ocean-related climate indices were inconclusive. With respect to the main wet seasons, the June–September rainfall of group B has strong connection to the influence from the Indian Ocean. For the March–May (October–February) rainfall of group A (C), possible links to the Atlantic and Indian oceans were found.
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Meddegoda, Chinthaka Prageeth. "Hindustani Classical Music in Sri Lanka: A Dominating Minority Music or an Imposed Musical Ideology?" ASIAN-EUROPEAN MUSIC RESEARCH JOURNAL 6 (December 4, 2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/aemr.6-3.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In Sri Lanka, the various groups of Tamils are jointly the largest minority group who migrated from different places of South India and in different time periods. South Indian music is widely appreciated and learnt by both the Sinhala including by large parts of the Tamil minority spread over Sri Lanka. Although a number of Sinhala people prefer and practice North Indian music geographically, and probably culturally, they are much closer to South India than to North India. Some historical sources report that Sinhalese are descendants of North Indians who are believed to be Aryans who migrated from Persia to the Northern part of India in the 13th century and later. Therefore, some scholarly authorities believe that the Sinhalese ‘naturally’ prefer North Indian music as they also continue the suggested Aryan heritage. Nevertheless, some other sources reveal that the North Indian music was spread in Sri Lanka during the British rule with the coming of the Parsi Theatre (Bombay theatre), which largely promoted Hindustani raga-based compositions. This paper explores selected literature and opinions of some interviewees and discusses what could be the reasons for preferences of North Indian music by the Sinhalese. The interviewees were chosen according to their professional profile and willingness to participate in this research. As a result, this paper will offer insights through analysing various opinions and statements made by a number of interviewees. The research also considered some theories which may relate to the case whether Hindustani classical music is due to these reasons a dominating minority culture or a rather self-imposed musical ideology. The latter would establish an aesthetic hierarchy, which is not reflected in the cultural reality of Sri Lanka. This is a new research scrutinizing a long-term situation of performing arts education in this country taking mainly interviews as a departing point.
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Khizar, Sundas. "New Dynamics in Indian Ocean: A study of Pakistan, China and India under Regional Security Complex." Journal of Nautical Eye and Strategic Studies 3, no. 1 (2023): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.58932/mulg0013.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The Indian Ocean is significant for the South Asian region and the world powers. The power politics and security challenges are interlinked from an international perspective. India holds an important position due to its vast coastal line. The major challenge for India in the Indian Ocean region is the growing influence of Pakistan and China under the CPEC and the BRI flag. Relations between India and Pakistan have historically been tense, and the future does not appear to promise improvement. At the same time, China is India’s largest trading partner and shares a long border. The paper will analyze the growing scenario and effects in light of the Regional Security Complex approach by Barry Buzan and Ole Weaver. The security challenges in the Indian Ocean are not confined to the three states (China, Pakistan and India) but continuously evolving with the involvement of power politics of the regional and international players. The paper will explain three leading states' actions in the Indian Ocean region and perceptions through the RSC model. According to RSC, threats travel from state to state and region to region. The group of states in a region have a main concern about their national security linked with each other such that they cannot be handled separately. Here, the question arises of how regional ties address the conventional dangers and provide the framework for assessing the response by the three major powers concerning their interest in the Indian Ocean.
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Kashyap, Atrayee. "Discerning Sound Ethnobiology in the realm of Ethnomusicology: A Study of Deori Folk Musical Instruments." Praxis International Journal of Social Science and Literature 6, no. 9 (2023): 78–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.51879/pijssl/060909.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Folk music has always been known to be the best source of connecting us to our culture and keeping our identity alive as an individual and as a group. The concept of melody and the artistic pursuit of musical composition were probably unknown to early players of musical instruments. A musical instrument is used to make musical sounds. Once humans moved from making sounds with their bodies-for example, by clapping-to using objects to create music from sounds, musical instruments were born. The purpose and meaning of musical instruments differs from region to region and from culture to another. Instruments have special significance in music. The Deoris belong to the Sino-Tibetan family of Mongoloid stock. They are considered to be one of the communities found in Assam and some parts of Arunachal Pradesh in North- East India. The word ‘Deori’ means the offspring of Gods and Goddesses. The Indian Constitution has regarded the Deoris as a scheduled tribe of Assam and they are considered to be a small plains tribe. The Deoris have their own language which is the Deori language. Customarily the Deoris are divided into four clans namely ‘Dibongiya, Tengaponiya, Bongiya, Patorgoyan’ which are present till date. This paper studies the vitality of sound ethnobiology, ethics of instruments, crafting and classification of musical instruments in the field of Ethnomusicology. Musical instruments are constructed in a broad array of styles and shapes, using many different materials. It mainly explores and discerns the variety of Deori traditional musical instruments from a closer proximity in the realm of material culture under the broader context of folklore. The crafting processes and the materials used for the making of the musical instruments of the Deoris is discussed in a detailed manner.
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Onyutha, C., and P. Willems. "Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in the Nile Basin." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 10 (2014): 11945–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-11945-2014.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract. Spatio-temporal variability in annual and seasonal rainfall totals were assessed at 37 locations of the Nile Basin in Africa using quantile perturbation method. To get insight into the spatial difference in rainfall statistics, the stations were grouped based on the pattern of the long-term mean of monthly rainfall and that of temporal variability. To find the origin of the driving forces for the temporal variability in rainfall, correlation analyses were carried out using global monthly sea level pressure and surface temperature. Further investigations to support the obtained correlations were made using a total of 10 climate indices. It was possible to obtain 3 groups of stations; those within the equatorial region (A), Sudan and Ethiopia (B), and Egypt (C). For group A, annual rainfall was found to be below (above) the reference during the late 1940s to 1950s (1960s to mid 1980s). Conversely for groups B and C, the period 1930s to late 1950s (1960s to 1980s) was characterized by anomalies being above (below) the reference. For group A, significant linkages were found to Niño 3, Niño 3.4 and the North Atlantic and Indian Ocean drivers. Correlations of annual rainfall of group A with Pacific Ocean-related climate indices were inconclusive. With respect to the main wet seasons, the June to September rainfall of group B has strong connection to the influence from the Indian Ocean. For the March to May (October to February) rainfall of group A (C), possible links to the Atlantic and Indian Oceans were found.
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Yulihastin, Erma, Muhammad Fadhlan Putranto, and Suaydhi. "The Effect of Local Forcing on Anomalously High Rainfall during Dry Season in Java, Indonesia." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 3 (2021): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.3.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
During the dry season (May to October) in Java, Indonesia, anomalously high rainfall is investigated using 37-year rainfall data from the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data. The analysis focuses on the years having high rainfall during the dry season between 1982 and 2019. It is conducted using a combination of the presence and absence of La Niña, negative Indian Ocean Dipole Mode events, and other atmospheric/oceanic parameters, such as 2-m temperature, sea surface temperature, outgoing longwave radiation, 200 mb and 850 mb wind. The results show that the presence of both La Niña and negative Indian Ocean Dipole Mode events contributes around 39% to the high rainfall during the dry season, the presence of negative Indian Ocean Dipole Mode - 22%, the absence of both events - 22%, and the presence of La Niña - 17%. The dynamics of monsoon circulation anomaly (200 mb and 850 mb) in the southern Indian Ocean off the coast of Sumatra and Java also plays a role in the increased rainfall during the dry season in Java. This anomaly occurs due to a vortex in the southern equatorial Indian Ocean around 10⁰S, triggering the formation of double Inter-tropical Convergence Zones over the area north of the equator and the southern waters of Java. The increase in rainfall due to this local factor reaches a maximum and extends in June and October, which is associated with the strengthening of circulation anomalies in southern Java, both spatially and vertically (850 and 200 mb).
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MOBIN. "A Comparative Study of India and China’s Economic Assistance to Maldives." Maldives National Journal of Research 11, Special Issue (2023): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.62338/ejhy8c59.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
This study aims to assess the comparative analysis of India and China’s economic assistance to Maldives. Maldives is smallest country in South Asia. The republic of Maldives, so far, is one of the least known country in the international community. Maldives, a group of 1200 islands spanning around 90,000 square kilometres in the Indian Ocean Region, has been in the limelight for the last decade. It has population around 5 lakhs. The archipelago country is strategically important for both India and the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). The Maldivian economy is primarily driven by tourism and fish exports, and for decades India has been an important trade partner. At present, strategic significance of the Indian ocean region has been increased due to its location, vital for trade and defence. In the Indian Ocean and South Asia, China and India are gaining a dominant role. Both nations are striving for influence in South Asia and the Indian Ocean region. The Maldives and Indo-China have a significant diplomatic relationship. The Maldives’ potential for self-development has been strengthened and their social and economic growth has been accelerated due to China’s consistent assistance. Both countries provide economic and humanitarian assistance to South Asian countries, and Maldives is one of them. This paper is divided into three parts: Firstly, to evaluate financial help provided by China and India to the Maldives. Secondly, to assess the Maldives response to this assistance provided by China and India to the Maldives. Thirdly, to explore problems and prospects associated with the help providing by China and India to the Maldives.
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PROKOFIEV, ARTEM M., and TOMIO IWAMOTO. "A new Coelorinchus from the western Indian Ocean with comments on the C. tokiensis group of species (Teleostei: Gadiformes: Macrouridae)." Zootaxa 5301, no. 1 (2023): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5301.1.7.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
A new species, Coelorinchus zinjianus sp. nov., is described from the western Indian Ocean off Madagascar. In many respects, the new species is similar to C. quadricristatus but differs from that species in details of scale spinulation, mouth coloration (pale vs. dark), size of external light organ, and some other proportions. Together with C. flabellispinis and C. trunovi, these species form the flabellispinis species group, which is restricted to the northern and western Indian Ocean and is similar in most respects to the West-Pacific tokiensis group, but differs in the size and shape of the terminal snout scute (long and pointed, diamond-shaped vs. small and blunt) and apparently attaining a smaller adult size (< 45–55 cm TL vs. > 80–90 cm TL, depending on the species).
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Afrisal, Muhammad, Yukio Iwatsuki, and Andi Iqbal Burhanuddin. "Morphological and genetic evaluation of the thumbprint emperor, Lethrinus harak (Forsskål, 1775) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans." F1000Research 9 (August 5, 2020): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23740.1.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: The Lethrinidae (emperors) include many important food fish species. Accurate determination of species and stocks is important for fisheries management. The taxonomy of the genus Lethrinus is problematic, for example with regards to the identification of the thumbprint emperor Lethrinus harak. Little research has been done on L. harak diversity in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric and genetic characters of the thumbprint emperor, L. harak (Forsskål, 1775) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Methods: This research was conducted in the Marine Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, and Division of Fisheries Science, University of Miyazaki. Morphometric character measurements were based on holotype character data, while genetic analysis was performed on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence data. Morphometric data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) statistical tests in MINITAB, and genetic data were analysed in MEGA 6. Results: Statistical test results based on morphometric characters revealed groupings largely representative of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Seychelles was separated from other Indian Ocean sites and Australian populations were closer to the Pacific than the Indian Ocean group. The genetic distance between the groups was in the low category (0.000 - 0.042). The phylogenetic topology reconstruction accorded well with the morphometric character analysis, with two main L. harak clades representing Indian and Pacific Ocean, and Australia in the Pacific Ocean clade. Conclusions: These results indicate that geographical and environmental factors can affect the morphometric and genetic characteristics of L. harak.
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Abraham, Santhosh. "The Keyi Mappila Muslim Merchants of Tellicherry and the Making of Coastal Cosmopolitanism on the Malabar Coast." Asian Review of World Histories 5, no. 2 (2017): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22879811-12340009.
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Abstract The Keyi Mappila Muslim merchants of Tellicherry (Thalassery) on the Malabar Coast were one of the few early modern Indian merchant groups who succeeded in carving out a powerful political and social configuration of their own on the western coast of the Indian Ocean during the British period. Today, several branches of Keyi families remain a cultural unit in the Islamic community of Kerala. This article attempts to locate the group in the larger theoretical context of Indian Ocean cosmopolitanism and argues that the Keyis developed a distinct and significant type of coastal cosmopolitanism in an Indian Ocean setting; Chovakkaran Moosa, an influential merchant from a Keyi family during the colonial period, serves as a representative figure. Through their trade and financial relationships with British and local elites, and the characteristic architecture of their warehouses, residences, and mosques, the Keyis successfully integrated the practices of a global cosmopolitan space into a local vernacular secluded commercial space. This article presents a synthesis of a lively coastal urban and local rural cosmopolitanism that included several networks and exchanges, foreign and native collaborations, and an amalgamation of local and external cultural spheres.
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DEVI, S. SUVARNA, JOSE C. E. MENDOZA, R. RAVINESH, K. K. IDRESS BABU, A. BIJU KUMAR, and PETER K. L. NG. "On a collection of brachyuran crabs from Lakshadweep, Indian Ocean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)." Zootaxa 4613, no. 3 (2019): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4613.3.4.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The crab fauna (Crustacea: Brachyura) of Lakshadweep (Laccadives), a group of Indian islands in the western Indian Ocean is updated, using material from the intertidal and shallow subtidal areas collected between 2012 and 2015. Fifty-three species were recorded during this study, of which 17 species are newly recorded from the islands, and three are also new records for India. A total of 169 species of brachyuran crabs are now known from Lakshadweep. The taxonomy of Elamena gracilis Borradaile, 1903 (Hymenosomatidae) is clarified and stabilized by the designation of a lectotype.
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Wallace, CC, JM Pandolfi, A. Young, and J. Wolstenholme. "Indo-Pacific coral biogeography: a case study from the Acropora selago group." Australian Systematic Botany 4, no. 1 (1991): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9910199.
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We develop species-level biogeographic hypotheses for Acropora, the largest extant coral genus and the dominant scleractinian coral of Indo-Pacific reefs, based on morphometric and phylogenetic analyses of the Acropora selago group. Fourteen morphometric characters differentiated species from this group with an accuracy of 95%. When the Tukey test was administered, 11 of these characters displayed nonoverlapping subsets. The most resolved phylogenetic tree resulted from an analysis based on both morphometric and qualitative characters. Cladistic-biogeographic analysis using this tree and areas derived from species-distribution patterns showed that species with the greatest degree of endemism within the A. selago group possess the most derived character states, while the most primitive species (A. yongei) is the most widespread. Within the range of the group, four areas are recognised: (1) the Red Sea, (2) western to central Indian Ocean, (3) eastern Indian Ocean and (4) western to central Pacific Ocean. Species ranges overlap in a stepwise fashion from west to east. Areas adjacent to one another are biogeographically more closely related than non-adjacent areas. Whilst we offer a scenario for the history of distribution patterns of the A. selago group, we propose that biogeographical hypotheses based on Acropora be tested using a number of different species-groups. Similar distributional ranges for other Acropora species-groups, as well as separate distributional ranges for further groups, suggest that Acropora will provide an appropriate taxon to examine the biogeography of the tropical marine realm.
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Walker, Iain. "The Hadrami Diaspora: A "diaspora for others" in the Indian Ocean." Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 4, no. 2 (2021): 188–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/jiows.v4i2.83.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The term diaspora has, over the past two decades, become ubiquitous both in the vernacular and in academia, to the point that it appears to have lost its acuity as an analytical concept, often meaning little more than a group of migrants. In an attempt to reinvigorate the concept, this article invokes the notion of the “diaspora for others”: a diaspora that has a coherence across space and time, linking the various localisations of a diaspora, and the homeland. The case study is the Hadrami diaspora, and by tracing the links between members of the diaspora, this article demonstrates how the diaspora, although marked by internal differences, nevertheless displays an overall cohesion that grants it a stable and distinct identity as a spatially dispersed community, thus recalling the original sense of the term diaspora.
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Afrisal, Muhammad, Yukio Iwatsuki, and Andi Iqbal Burhanuddin. "Morphological and genetic evaluation of the thumbprint emperor, Lethrinus harak (Forsskål, 1775) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans." F1000Research 9 (March 16, 2021): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.23740.2.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Background: The Lethrinidae (emperors) include many important food fish species. Accurate determination of species and stocks is important for fisheries management. The taxonomy of the genus Lethrinus is problematic, for example with regards to the identification of the thumbprint emperor Lethrinus harak. Little research has been done on L. harak diversity in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric and genetic characters of the thumbprint emperor, L. harak (Forsskål, 1775) in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Methods: This research was conducted in the Marine Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Hasanuddin University, and Division of Fisheries Science, University of Miyazaki. Morphometric character measurements were based on holotype character data, while genetic analysis was performed on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence data. Morphometric data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) statistical tests in MINITAB, and genetic data were analysed in MEGA 6. Results: Statistical test results based on morphometric characters revealed groupings largely representative of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The Seychelles was separated from other Indian Ocean sites and Australian populations were closer to the Pacific than the Indian Ocean group. The genetic distance between the groups was in the low category (0.000 - 0.042). The phylogenetic topology reconstruction accorded well with the morphometric character analysis, with two main L. harak clades representing Indian and Pacific Ocean, and Australia in the Pacific Ocean clade. Conclusions: These results indicate that the morphological character size of L. harak from Makassar and the holotype from Saudi Arabia have changed. Genetic distance and phylogeny reconstruction are closely related to low genetic distance.
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Davydova, Svetlana A. "THE EDUCATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE “MUSICAL THEATRE” SUBJECT. THE HERMENEUTICAL APPROACH." Научное мнение, no. 9 (September 25, 2023): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25807/22224378_2023_9_83.
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The article is devoted to the relevant problem of educating schoolchildren by means of theatrical art. The author describes the experience of teaching the “Musical Theatre” subject with the use of hermeneutic technologies in a children’s theatre group of an institution of additional education in Saint Petersburg. The forms and methods of educational work with students are summarised.
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Patrut, Adrian, Roxana T. Patrut, Laszlo Rakosy, and Karl F. Von Reden. "Age and architecture of the largest African Baobabs from Mayotte, France." DRC Sustainable Future: Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Energy 1, no. 1 (2020): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37281/drcsf/1.1.5.
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The volcanic Comoro Islands, located in the Indian Ocean in between mainland Africa and Madagascar, host several thousand African baobabs (Adansonia digitata). Most of them are found in Mayotte, which currently belongs to France, as an overseas department. Baobabs constitute a reliable archive for climate change and millennial specimens were recently used as proxies for paleoclimate reconstructions in southern Africa. We report the investigation of the largest two baobabs of Mayotte, the Big baobab of Musical Plage and the largest baobab of Plage N’Gouja. The Big baobab of Musical Plage exhibits a cluster structure and consists of 5 fused stems, out of which 4 are common stems and one is a false stem. The baobab of Plage N’Gouja has an open ring-shaped structure and consists of 7 partially fused stems, out of which 3 stems are large and old, while 4 are young. Several wood samples were collected from both baobabs and analyzed via radiocarbon dating. The oldest dated sample from the baobab of Musical Plage has a radiocarbon date of 275 ± 25 BP, which corresponds to a calibrated calendar age of 365 ± 15 yr. On its turn, the oldest sample from Plage N’Gouja has a radiocarbon date of 231 ± 20 BP, corresponding to a calibrated age of 265 ± 15 yr. These results indicate that the Big baobab of Musical Plage is around 420 years old, while the baobab of Plage N’Gouja has an age close to 330 years. In present, both baobabs are in a general state of deterioration with many broken or damaged branches, and the Baobab of Plage N’Gouja has several missing stems. These observations suggest that the two baobabs are in decline and, most likely, close to the end of their life cycle.
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Hayward, Bruce W., Maria Holzmann, and Masashi Tsuchiya. "Combined Molecular and Morphological Taxonomy of the Beccarii/T3 Group of the Foraminiferal Genus Ammonia." Journal of Foraminiferal Research 49, no. 4 (2019): 367–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.49.4.367.
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Abstract A quest to collect live specimens of the well-known foraminifer Ammonia beccarii for sequencing has led to the recognition of five molecular species in Europe all related to it, but no live A. beccarii itself. The five molecular species all clump together in one clade (T3) of the Ammonia phylogenetic tree. All are characterized by large size, ornament on the umbilical side and a deep spiral, sutural fissure on the spiral side (beccarii morphogroup). All five molecular species can be discriminated based on distinct morphological differences as Ammonia batava (North Sea, northeast Atlantic, west Mediterranean Sea), A. corallinarum (northeast Atlantic, west Mediterranean Sea), A. pawlowskii n. sp. (Mediterranean Sea, west Indian Ocean), A. falsobeccarii (North Sea, east Atlantic seaboard, Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf), and A. neobeccarii (Mediterranean and Black seas). Using morphological characters, a further four species are recognized in the beccarii morphogroup for which no sequences are presently available: A. beccarii (Mediterranean Sea, northeast Atlantic), A. batava compacta (west Atlantic seaboard), A. debenayi n. sp. (west Indian Ocean), A. venecpeyreae n. sp. (west Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of Aden). One species, A. japonica (China, Japan, South Korea), for which sequences have been obtained, is included in the beccarii morphogroup based on morphological characteristics but differs genetically from the beccarii group. Another species, similar to A. falsobeccarii with secondary sutural openings on the spiral side but probably not part of the beccarii morphogroup because it lacks the spiral sutural canal typical of the group, is described as new – A. langeri (Indian Ocean, East Indies, south Australia). A growth series of A. beccarii topotypes from Rimini, north Adriatic Sea, is illustrated to aid in its recognition and a neotype designated and illustrated. Extinct fossil members of the beccarii morphogroup include A. ikebei, A. inflata, A. italica, A. nakazatoensis, A. punctatogranosa, A. reyi, A. togopiliensis, A. viennensis, and A. voorthuyseni.
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Cyriac, Ajitha, Helen E. Phillips, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, and Ming Feng. "Characteristics of Wind-Generated Near-Inertial Waves in the Southeast Indian Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 52, no. 4 (2022): 557–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-21-0046.1.
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Abstract This study presents the characteristics and spatiotemporal structure of near-inertial waves and their interaction with Leeuwin Current eddies in the eastern south Indian Ocean as observed by Electromagnetic Autonomous Profiling Explorer (EM-APEX) floats. The floats sampled the upper ocean during July–October 2013 with a frequency of eight profiles per day down to 1200 m. Near-inertial waves (NIWs) are found to be the dominant signal in the frequency spectra. Complex demodulation is used to estimate the amplitude and phase of the NIWs from the velocity profiles. The NIW energy propagated from the base of the mixed layer downward into the ocean interior, following beam characteristics of linear wave theory. We visually identified a total of 15 near-inertial internal wave packets from the wave amplitudes and phases with a mean vertical wavelength of 89 ± 63 m, a mean horizontal wavelength of 69 ± 85 km, a mean horizontal group velocity of 3 ± 2 cm s−1, and a mean vertical group velocity of 9 ± 7 m day−1. A strong near-inertial packet with a kinetic energy of 20–30 J m−3 found propagating below 700 m suggests that the NIWs can contribute to deep ocean mixing. A blue shift of 10%–15% in the energy spectrum of the NIWs is observed in the upper 1200 m as the floats move toward the equator. The impacts of mesoscale eddies on the characteristics and propagation of the observed NIWs are also investigated. The elevated near-inertial shear variance in anticyclonic eddies suggests trapping of NIWs near the surface. Cyclonic eddies, in contrast, were associated with weak near-inertial shear variance in the upper 400 m.
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Li, Zimeng, and Hidenori Aiki. "The 1994 Positive Indian Ocean Dipole Event as Investigated by the Transfer Routes of Oceanic Wave Energy." Journal of Physical Oceanography 52, no. 3 (2022): 459–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-21-0189.1.
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Abstract The present study investigates the interannual variability of the tropical Indian Ocean (IO) based on the transfer routes of wave energy in a set of 61-yr hindcast experiments using a linear ocean model. To understand the basic feature of the IO dipole mode, this paper focuses on the 1994 pure positive event. Two sets of westward transfer episodes in the energy flux associated with Rossby waves (RWs) are identified along the equator during 1994. One set represents the same phase speed as the linear theory of equatorial RWs, while the other set is slightly slower than the theoretical phase speed. The first set originates from the reflection of equatorial Kelvin waves at the eastern boundary of the IO. On the other hand, the second set is found to be associated with off-equatorial RWs generated by southeasterly winds in the southeastern IO, which may account for the appearance of the slower group velocity. A combined empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of energy-flux streamfunction and potential reveals the intense westward signals of energy flux are attributed to off-equatorial RWs associated with predominant wind input in the southeastern IO corresponding to the positive IO dipole event. Significance Statement The present study gains a new insight into the mechanism of the Indian Ocean dipole events using a new diagnostic scheme for wave energy based on 61-yr hindcast experiments. The results have shown the existence of two sets of westward transfer of wave energy at the equator during 1994. One set of westward signals shows the same group velocity with theoretical equatorial Rossby waves that appear reasonably along the equator. The other set of westward signals at the equator represents a slightly slower group velocity than the theoretical equatorial Rossby waves, which is associated with abnormally extended southeasterly winds during the Indian Ocean dipole event.
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Kunikullaya, U. Kirthana, Vijayadas, Radhika Kunnavil, Jaisri Goturu, Vadagenahalli S. Prakash, and Nandagudi Srinivasa Murthy. "Short-term effects of passive listening to an Indian musical scale on blood pressure and heart rate variability among healthy individuals – A randomised controlled trial." Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66 (May 31, 2022): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijpp_126_2021.
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Objectives: Listening to music is entertaining but also has different health benefits. Music medicine involves passive listening to music, while music therapy involves active music-making. Indian music is broadly classified into Hindustani and Carnatic music, each having its system of musical scales (ragas). Scientific studies of Indian music as an intervention are meagre. The present study determines the effect of passive listening to one melodic scale of Indian music on cardiovascular electrophysiological parameters. Materials and Methods: After informed consent, healthy individuals aged 18–30 years of either gender were recruited and randomly divided into two groups (n = 34 each). Group A was exposed to passive listening to the music intervention (Hindustani melodic scale elaboration [Bhimpalas raga alaap]), while Group B received no intervention except for a few natural sounds (played once in every 2 min). Blood pressure (BP, systolic, SBP; diastolic, DBP) and electrocardiogram in Lead II were recorded with each condition lasting for 10 min (pre, during and post). Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was done. Data were analysed using SPSS 18.0 version and P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In Group A, the SBP did not change during the intervention but increased mildly after the intervention (P = 0.054). The DBP increased in both the groups during the intervention, significant in Group A (P = 0.009), with an increase of 1.676 mmHg (P = 0.012) from pre-during and 1.824 mmHg (P = 0.026) from pre-post intervention. On HRV analysis, mean NN interval increased and HR reduced in both the groups, but was significant only in Group B (P = 0.041 and 0.025, respectively). In Group A, most of the HRV parameters were reduced during music intervention that tended to return toward baseline after the intervention, but the change was statistically significant for total power (P = 0.031) and low frequency (P = 0.013); while in Group B, a consistent significant rise in parasympathetic indicators (SDNN, RMSSD, total power and HF [ms2]) over 30 min was observed. Conclusion: Unique cardiovascular effects were recorded on passive listening to a particular Indian music melodic scale. The scale, raga Bhimpalas, produced a mild arousal response. This could be due to attention being paid to the melodic scale as it was an unfamiliar tune or due to the features of this melodic scale that led to an arousal or excitation response. In contrast, the control group had only a relaxation response. Exploring electrophysiological effects of different genres, melodic scales and their properties after familiarising with the music may thus be illustrative.
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Romanov, Evgeny V., Natacha Nikolic, Zahirah Dhurmeea, et al. "Trophic ecology of albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) in the western tropical Indian Ocean and adjacent waters." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 11 (2020): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19332.
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In this study we investigated the trophic ecology of albacore tuna in the western Indian Ocean and adjacent Atlantic waters based on stomach content analysis using a reconstituted length and weight of prey approach. From 686 non-empty stomachs collected between 2001 and 2015 across three biogeographic provinces, we describe the diet composition of albacore tuna, analyse its feeding habits and investigate the structure and diversity of mid-trophic-level communities. Epipelagic fish were found to be the principal prey by number and reconstituted weight; cephalopods were the second important prey group. Small organisms prevailed in the diet of albacore tuna, with predation on juvenile fish commonplace. Albacore tuna exhibits a flexible, opportunistic feeding strategy, from ram filter feeding on abundant schooling prey to visual predation on large individuals. Prey species richness varied highly across the region. Oligotrophic conditions within the subtropical gyre of the Indian Ocean generated the most diverse mid-trophic-level communities, with less diverse communities occurring in productive areas. Albacore tuna occupies a similar trophic niche throughout the global ocean, foraging on the same prey families and even species. This study indicates overall temporal stability of the Indian Ocean and south-east Atlantic ecosystems where principal prey species remain unchanged over decades.
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Venkataramana, V., N. Anilkumar, K. Swadling, et al. "Distribution of zooplankton in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean." Antarctic Science 32, no. 3 (2020): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102019000579.
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AbstractThe community composition of zooplankton with an emphasis on copepods was assessed in the frontal zones of the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean (SO) during summer 2013. Copepods were the dominant group in both the bongo net and multiple plankton sampler across the entire region. High zooplankton abundance was recorded along each transect in the Polar Front (PF). Community structure in this front was dominated by common taxa, including Ctenocalanus citer, Clausocalanus spp., Calanoides acutus, Calanus propinquus, Calanus australis and Rhincalanus gigas, which together accounted for > 62% of the total abundance. Calocalanus spp., Neocalanus tonsus and C. propinquus were indicator species in the Sub-Tropical Front (STF), Sub-Antarctic Front and PF, respectively. A strong contrast in population structure and biovolume was observed between then PF and the STF. The community structure of smaller copepods was associated with the high-temperature region, whereas communities of larger copepods were associated with the low-temperature region. Thus, it seems probable that physical and biological characteristics of the SO frontal regions are controlling the abundance and distribution of zooplankton community structure by restricting some species to the warmer stratified zones and some species to the well-mixed zone.
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Narayanaswamy, T., A. Shubha, R. Gokilavani, and N. P. Ajay. "Investment, Savings, and Spending Habits of Indian Digital Natives/Millennials: A Comparative Study of Age Group Cohorts." Indian Journal of Research in Capital Markets 9, no. 4 (2022): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijrcm/2022/v9i4/172661.
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YOUSUF, FARZANA, and QUDDUSI B. KAZMI. "First record of Sergestes belonging to edwardsii species group (Sergestidae, Crustacea) from the Indian Ocean." Zootaxa 1092, no. 1 (2005): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1092.1.5.
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Sergestes edwardsii Kröyer, 1855 species group is composed of 9 species: S. semissis (Burkenroad, 1940); S. gibbilobatus (Judkins, 1978); S. orientalis (Hansen, 1919); S. geminus (Judkins, 1978); S. tantillus (Burkenroad, 1940); S. consobrinus (Milne, 1968) California Current Form; S. consobrinus (Milne, 1968) Central Form; S. edwardsii (Kröyer, 1855); S. brevispinatus (Judkins,1978). The bathypelagic shrimps belonging to the genus Sergestes are being studied from the IIOE material for its taxonomy and distribution. Two species, S. brevispinatus (Judkins,1978) and S. edwardsii (Kröyer, 1855), have been collected by the research vessels ANTON BRUNN, ARGO, DIAMANTINA, METEOR, OSHORO MARU and VARUNA in the Indian Ocean for the first time. Sergestes edwardsii is broadly distributed throughout the tropical Atlantic; it occurs from the New Land Plaza, Canada, to the wide of the Great Power of the North; throughout the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Records at high northern latitudes in the Western Atlantic are probably due to transport by the Gulf Stream (Judkins, 1978). In Brazil it occurs in Para, in the Archipelago of Are Peter and Sao Paulo, Great River of North Fermando De Noronho (D’Incao, F., 1995, 1998). Specimens of the present material are housed in the Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre (MRC&RC), University of Karachi.
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Lorand, Jean-Pierre, Guillaume Delpech, Michel Grégoire, Bertrand Moine, Suzanne Y. O'Reilly, and Jean-Yves Cottin. "Platinum-group elements and the multistage metasomatic history of Kerguelen lithospheric mantle (South Indian Ocean)." Chemical Geology 208, no. 1-4 (2004): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.04.012.
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Delatte, Hélène, Darren P. Martin, Florence Naze, et al. "South West Indian Ocean islands tomato begomovirus populations represent a new major monopartite begomovirus group." Journal of General Virology 86, no. 5 (2005): 1533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.80805-0.
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Biological and molecular properties of Tomato leaf curl Madagascar virus isolates from Morondova and Toliary (ToLCMGV-[Tol], -[Mor]), Tomato leaf curl Mayotte virus isolates from Dembeni and Kahani (ToLCYTV-[Dem], -[Kah]) and a Tomato yellow leaf curl virus isolate from Réunion (TYLCV-Mld[RE]) were determined. Full-length DNA components of the five isolates from Madagascar, Mayotte and Réunion were cloned and sequenced and, with the exception of ToLCMGV-[Tol], were shown to be both infectious in tomato and transmissible by Bemisia tabaci. Sequence analysis revealed that these viruses had genome organizations of monopartite begomoviruses and that both ToLCMGV and ToLCYTV belong to the African begomoviruses but represent a distinct monophyletic group that we have tentatively named the South West islands of the Indian Ocean (SWIO). All of the SWIO isolates examined were apparently complex recombinants. None of the sequences within the recombinant regions closely resembled that of any known non-SWIO begomovirus, suggesting an isolation of these virus populations.
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Agius, Dionisius A. "Where Facts and History Meet Myth and Legend: Groups or Communities in the Marvels of India Stories Model." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 76, no. 3 (2020): 392–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928420936132.
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The cAja-’ib al-Hind ( Marvels of India) is a collection of sea stories allegedly compiled by Captain Buzurg Ibn Shahriya-r (d. 399/1009) which belongs to an Arabo-Islamic literary genre called the caja-’ib, containing themes of entertainment—things that are marvellous and strange. But these stories are not merely entertaining, they are an additional resource for the modern researcher because they also reflect the realities of daily life in seafaring communities of the Indian Ocean in the ninth and tenth centuries. Among the tales of the fantastic and the marvel, we find the simple humanity of the seafarers, something lacking in the purely factual, medieval, geographical and historical texts. A complementary model to the understanding of the maritime landscape of a group or community is proposed in this article. The stories model in this article demonstrates the relationship of an occupational group with other seafarers in a trans-regional Indian Ocean trade.