Artykuły w czasopismach: „Indian mustard”

1

Bender, David A., i William P. Morrison. "INDIAN MUSTARD AS A TRAP CROP FOR INSECT PESTS OF CABBAGE ON THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS". HortScience 28, nr 4 (kwiecień 1993): 268B—268. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.268b.

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Indian mustard trap crops have successfully reduced pesticide use on commercial cabbage in India. Diamondback moth has been a serious pest of cabbage in Texas and has demonstrated resistance to most classes of insecticides. Use of a trap crop could fit well in an integrated management program for cabbage insects, Three-row plots of spring and fall cabbage were surrounded by successive single-row plantings of Indian mustard in trials at Lubbock, Texas to determine the efficacy of interplanting for reducing insecticide applications. Insects in the cabbage and Indian mustard were counted twice weekly, and insecticides were applied selectively when economic thresholds were reached. Indian mustard was highly attractive to harlequin bugs, and protected intercropped spring cabbage. Cabbage plots without mustard required two insecticide applications to control the infestation. False chinch bugs were also highly attracted to Indian mustard. Lepidopterous larvae, including diamondback moth, did not appear to be attracted to the trap crop. Indian mustard trap crops reduced insecticide applications to spring cabbage but had no positive effect on fail cabbage.

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2

Rakesh, Rakesh, A. S. Rathi, Pawan Kumar, Anil Kumar i Pavitra Kumari. "Sclerotinia rot of rapeseed mustard: A comprehensive review". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, nr 4 (1.12.2016): 2325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1133.

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Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] is one of the major oilseed crops cultivated in India and around the world. It is extensively grown traditionally as a pure crop as well as intercrop (mixed crop) in marginal and sub-marginal soils in the eastern, northern and north western states of India. Cool and moist climate of winter months is the major factor for luxuriant growth and productivity of mustard in these states. Despite considerable increase in productivity and production, a wide gap exists between yield potential and yield realized at farmerâ€™s field, which is largely due to biotic and abiotic stresses. The destructive diseases of rapeseed-mustard include those caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and phytoplasma. Among them, Sclerotinia stem rot is the most serious fungal disease that causes maximum damage in Indian mustard. This paper reviews the research and development of Sclerotinia rot in rapeseed-mustard during the past years in relation to pathogen taxonomy, biology, epidemiology, disease cycle and management. The paper also attempts to present future outlook and strategy for Sclerotinia rot of rapeseed mustard research.

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3

Bender, David A., William P. Morrison i Raymond E. Frisbie. "Intercropping Cabbage and Indian Mustard for Potential Control of Lepidopterous and Other Insects". HortScience 34, nr 2 (kwiecień 1999): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.2.275.

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A system of intercropping cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) with Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] to reduce pesticide applications was evaluated over three cropping seasons. Insects were monitored in nonintercropped cabbage, cabbage plots surrounded by Indian mustard, and the Indian mustard intercrop. Insecticide applications were made to individual plots based on specific treatment thresholds for lepidopterous insects and accepted pest management practices for other insects. Intercropping had no significant effect on the number of lepidopterous larvae in cabbage. Indian mustard did not appear to preferentially attract lepidopterous insects, but was highly attractive to hemipterans, especially harlequin bugs [Murgantia histrionica (Hahn)]. In one season with heavy harlequin bug pressure, intercropping with Indian mustard eliminated two insecticide applications to cabbage. Intercropping cabbage with Indian mustard does not appear to be an economical pest management practice under normal pest pressures in West Texas.

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4

KJ, Jankowski, Budzyński WS, Ł. Kijewski i A. Klasa. "Concentrations of copper, zinc and manganese in the roots, straw and oil cake of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss.) depending on sulphur fertilization". Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 8 (10.08.2014): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/225/2014-pse.

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The purpose of this experiment was to determine the influence of the soil application of sulphur (S) on concentrations of micronutrients in the root residues, straw and oil cake of white and Indian mustard. The plant material for chemical analyses originated from a controlled field experiment conducted in experimental fields at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland (2006–2008). In both white and Indian mustard, the richest source of Cu (7.2; 7.0 mg/kg dry matter (DM)) and Zn (64.6; 55.3 mg/kg DM) was the oil cake from mustard seeds. Regarding Mn, both white and Indian mustard accumulated the highest content of this element in roots (48.2; 50.8 mg/kg DM), less in oil cake (31.9; 35.5 mg/kg DM) and the least Mn was determined in straw of both species (24.0; 17.1 mg/kg DM). The application of sulphur caused a significant increase in the concentration of Zn and Mn in white mustard roots. The content of micronutrients in roots of Indian mustard was not differentiated significantly by S fertilization. The application of sulphur caused a significant decrease in the content of Mn in white mustard straw and Cu in Indian mustard straw. The content of micronutrients in white mustard oil cake and Indian mustard oil cake was not significantly changed by S fertilization.

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5

Banga, Surinder S., i K. S. Labana. "Male sterility in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss). IV. Genetics of MS-4". Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, nr 5 (1.10.1985): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-072.

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Male sterile plants of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss.) were observed in the F2 generation of the cross RLM-198 × EJ-33. The genetic analysis revealed that male sterility occurred when the cytoplasm of RLM-198 interacted with recessive nuclear genes of EJ-33. The genetic constitution of RLM-198 was postulated to be (S) RF RF, EJ-33 as (F) rf rf, and the male sterile plants as (S) rf rf. Varieties of Indian mustard from India mostly contained dominant fertility restorer genes, while European varieties had a greater frequency of the recessive maintainer genes. None of these varieties, however, was capable of complete maintenance of male sterility. Heterosis for yield up to 56% over the national check was observed in field trials. The use of this cytoplasmic male sterile plant in hybrid mustard production will not be economical, until a complete maintainer for male sterility is identified.Key words: Brassica juncea, Indian mustard, male sterility, hybrids.

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6

Singh, Mahak Kumar, i Amit Tomar. "Analysis of present status, production constraints and future research strategies in Oilseed Brassica species". International Journal of Agricultural Invention 3, nr 02 (27.11.2018): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.22.

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Rapeseed-mustard crops in India comprise traditionally grown indigenous species, namely toria (Brassica campestris L. var. toria), brown sarson (Brassica campestris L. var. brown sarson), yellow sarson (Brassica campestris L. var. yellow sarson), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss.), black mustard (Brassica nigra) and taramira (Eruca sativa/ vesicaria Mill.), which have been grown since about 3,500 BC along with non-traditional species like gobhi sarson (Brassica napus L.) and Ethiopian mustard or karan rai (Brassica carinata A. Braun).

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7

Wang, Sifan, Yong Liu, Khalil Kariman, Jialin Li, Huihua Zhang, Fangbai Li, Yinglong Chen i in. "Co-Cropping Indian Mustard and Silage Maize for Phytoremediation of a Cadmium-Contaminated Acid Paddy Soil Amended with Peat". Toxics 9, nr 5 (21.04.2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9050091.

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Co-cropping is an eco-friendly strategy to improve the phytoremediation capacity of plants growing in soils contaminated with heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd). This study was conducted to investigate the effects of co-cropping Indian mustard (Brassicajuncea) and silage maize (Zeamays) and applying peat on the phytoremediation of a Cd-contaminated acid paddy soil via characterizing plant growth and Cd uptake in pot experiments. There were six planting patterns (Control: no plants; MI-2 and MI-4: mono-cropping of Indian mustard at low and high densities, respectively; MS: mono-cropping of silage maize; CIS-2 and CIS-4: co-cropping of Indian mustard at low and high densities with silage maize, respectively) and two application rates of peat (NP: 0; WP: 30 g kg−1). When Indian mustard and silage maize were co-cropped, the shoot biomass of Indian mustard plants per pot was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that obtained in the mono-cropping systems, with a substantial reduction (55–72%) in the same plant density group. The shoot biomass of silage maize plants in the mono-cropping systems did not differ significantly from that in the co-cropping systems regardless of the density of Indian mustard. The growth-promoting effect of the peat application was more pronounced in Indian mustard than silage maize. Under the low density of Indian mustard, the co-cropping systems significantly (p < 0.05) decreased Cd uptake by silage maize. Additionally, soil amendment with peat significantly (p < 0.05) increased shoot Cd removal rate and Cd translocation factor value in the co-cropping systems. Taken together, the results demonstrated that silage maize should be co-cropped with Indian mustard at an appropriate density in Cd-polluted soils to achieve simultaneous remediation of Cd-contaminated soils (via Indian mustard) and production of crops (here, silage maize). Peat application was shown to promote the removal of Cd from soil and translocation of Cd into shoots and could contribute to enhanced phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated acid paddy soil.

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Verma, O. P., S. Singh, S. Pradhan, G. Kar i S. K. Rautaray. "Irrigation, nitrogen and sulphur fertilization response on productivity, water use efficiency and quality of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) in a semi-arid environment". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, nr 2 (1.06.2018): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1741.

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Water and nutrient deficiency are two major constraints that drastically affect rapeseed and mustard production under semi-arid regions of North-Western India. To cope with this problem, a study was undertaken to optimize irrigation, nitrogen and sulphur levels for productivity and quality of Ethiopian mustard(Brassica carinata).Field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2004-05 and 2005-06 at the Water Technology Centre (WTC), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) – Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India. Irrigation, nitrogen and sulphur levels significantly (P<0.05) affected plant height, LAI, siliqua weight, seeds/siliqua, test weight, seed and biomass yield of Ethiopian mustard. Application of three irrigations (seedling, 50% flowering and pod development stage) to Ethiopian mustard increased seed yield by 27-28% compared to one irrigation (seedling stage). Nitrogen @ 90 kg ha-1 produced 49-54 % higher seed yield of Ethiopian mustard compared to no application. Similarly, sulphur application @ 40 kg ha-1 increased seed yield by 33-34 % compared to no application of sulphur. The oil content of Ethiopian mustard was significantly (P<0.05) affected by nitrogen and sulphur levels. Among the three treatments, irrigation treatment only significantly affected evapotranspiration of the studied crop. From the above study, it is suggested that application of 3 irrigations with 90 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg S ha-1 may be practiced for achieving higher seed yield, quality and water use efficiency of Ethiopian mustard in the semi-arid environment of Northern part of India.

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9

Walker, G. E., i B. G. Morey. "Effect of brassica and weed manures on abundance of Tylenchulus semipenetrans and fungi in citrus orchard soil". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, nr 1 (1999): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97116.

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Summary. Brassica cultivars Ebony and Indian mustards, and Rangi rape residues reduced the soil level of Tylenchulus semipenetrans by up to 76% compared with unamended soil, and in a greenhouse reduced levels on the roots of orange (Citrus sinensis) seedlings. Paratrichodorus lobatus reached high levels in pots containing unamended soil but was not detected in pots containing amended soils. However, Pythium ultimum was isolated more frequently from roots, and propagule numbers of Pythium spp. were significantly higher in amended soils. Soil amendment did not affect growth of orange seedlings, and the benefits from reduced nematode levels may have been negated by the increase in pythium infection. In field experiments at 3 citrus orchards cleared for replanting, and at 1 established orchard between tree rows, brassica cultivars were grown in situ (20 kg seed/ha) as green manure crops. Highest crop production was at a site with heavier soil under drip irrigation, where Ebony and Yellow mustards produced 13–15 kg fresh weight/m2. Although soil levels of T. semipenetrans were reduced by 79–91% by incorporation of green manures, brassica cultivars including Ebony, Indian and Yellow mustards, and Humus and Rangi rapes, were no more effective than were self-seeding weeds. At 1 site, incorporation of a poor stand of Ebony mustard (but not of weeds) produced higher soil levels of T. semipenetrans; Paratrichodorus sp. numbers declined after mustard incorporation at this site but increased after weeds. Growth and soil incorporation of either brassicas or weeds increased soil levels of Pythium spp., but fusarium levels were decreased by incorporation of weed and Indian mustard residues. Growth of citrus measured at 2 field sites did not differ between soils amended with brassica or weed residues.

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10

Bender, David A., i William P. Morrison. "634A PB 527 INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT THROUGH A CABBAGE-INDIAN MUSTARD COMPANION PLANTING". HortScience 29, nr 5 (maj 1994): 523d—523. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.523d.

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Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) has been reported to be a preferred host for diamondhack moth (Plutella xylostellu) and other insect pests when interplanted with cabbage (Brasssica oleracea var. capitata). A cabbage-Indian mustard companion planting study was conducted to determine the seasonal occurrence of cabbage insects and the potential for using a trap-crop system to reduce insecticide applications to cabbage in West Texas. Three-row plots of cabbage 9 m long were transplanted with and without sequentially seeded borders of Indian mustard in three seasons. Harmful and beneficial insects were counted at roughly weekly intervals. Insecticides were applied when insect populations in individual plots reached predetermined thresholds. Indian mustard did not appear to be more attractive than cabbage to lepidopterous pests, but did preferentially attract hemipterans, particularly harlequin bugs (Margantia histrionica). The mustard trap crop eliminated two insecticide` applications in one trial by reducing harlequin bug pressure on the cabbage.

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11

Ali, Arshad, Parvez Rizvi i Farmanur Khan. "Bio-Efficacy Of Some Plant Leaf Extracts Against Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis Erysimi Kalt. On Indian Mustard, Brassica Juncea". Journal of Plant Protection Research 50, nr 2 (1.06.2010): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-010-0022-4.

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Bio-Efficacy Of Some Plant Leaf Extracts Against Mustard Aphid,Lipaphis ErysimiKalt. On Indian Mustard,Brassica JunceaThe bio-efficacy of four plant leaf extractsviz., apple of sodom,Calotropis proceraAiton; Mexican poppy,Argemone mexicanaLinnaeus; Mexican marigold,Tagetes minutaLinnaeus and Indian neem,Azadirachta indicawere tested against mustard aphid,Lipaphis erysimion Indian mustard,Brassica juncea. The highest per cent aphid reduction during first, second and third spray were 28.79, 40.52 and 59.32 at 1 : 10 g/ml; 34.70, 44.49 and 66.14 at 1 : 5 g/ml and 53.88, 64.84 and 100.00 at 1 : 2.5 g/ml with Indian neem. However, Mexican marigold was also effective at highest concentration (1 : 2.5 g/ml) and reduced 96.38 per centL. erysimi. All the treatments of plant leaf extracts showed insecticidal activity, but Indian neem followed by Mexican marigold reduced the aphid population to a great extent.

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Adhikari, Sneha, Sanjana Pathak, Deepak Joshi, Usha Pant i Ram Bhajan. "Combining ability analysis in Indian mustard". Journal of Hill Agriculture 9, nr 3 (2018): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2230-7338.2019.00009.0.

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Loeppky, H. A., i R. E. Blackshaw. "Mustard tolerance to clopyralid applied alone or with ethametsulfuron". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, nr 3 (1.07.1994): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-114.

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Mustard is a drought-tolerant crop well adapted to the Brown and Dark Brown soils of the Prairies; however, lack of broad-leaved weed control limits production. Two field studies were conducted at Indian Head, Saskatchewan and Lethbridge, Alberta to determine the response of brown and oriental mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss), and yellow mustard (B. hirta Moench) to clopyralid. Clopyralid was applied at 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.30, 0.60 kg a.i. ha−1 at the 4- or 10-leaf stage in one experiment. The other was a factorial experiment of clopyralid at 0.10, 0.20, and 0.30 kg a.i. ha−1 with ethametsulfuron at 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03 kg a.i. ha−1. Clopyralid applied at 0.15 kg a.i. ha−1, the lowest rate at which it is registered for weed control in canola, resulted in brown mustard yield reductions of 21%, oriental mustard yield reductions of 23% and yellow mustard yield reductions of 9% over 5 site years. This rate of clopyralid applied with ethametsulfuron reduced brown, oriental and yellow mustard yield by 30, 33 and 8%, respectively. Oil content was also reduced by clopyralid. Clopyralid cannot be used for weed control in mustards. Key words: Crop tolerance, growth stage, clopyralid, ethametsulfuron, seed yield, oil content

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14

Handiseni, Maxwell, Jack Brown, Robert Zemetra i Mark Mazzola. "Herbicidal Activity of Brassicaceae Seed Meal on Wild Oat (Avena fatua), Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca serriola)". Weed Technology 25, nr 1 (marzec 2011): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00068.1.

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The need for sustainable agricultural-production systems has generated demand for effective, nonsynthetic, alternative weed-control strategies. For some vegetable crops there are few herbicide options available, and there is little prospect of new herbicides being registered for vegetable crops. Brassicaceae seed meal, a residue product of the seed oil extraction process, can provide a resource for supplemental nutrients, disease control, and weed suppression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different Brassicaceae seed meals and application rates on the emergence of wild oat, Italian ryegrass, prickly lettuce, and redroot pigweed, which are some of the major weeds in vegetable production systems. White mustard seed, Indian mustard seed, and rapeseed meals were used with (intact) or without a functional myrosinase enzyme (denatured). Intact white mustard seed meals applied at a rate of 2000 kg ha−1 significantly reduced weed seedling emergence and weed dry biomass compared with intact rapeseed-meal–amended treatments. Indian mustard showed significantly better herbicidal efficacy on the grassy weeds than did white mustard, which was most effective in controlling broadleaf weeds. In all instances, a 1000 kg ha−1 application rate of either Indian mustard or white mustard exhibited greater herbicidal effect than did the 2000 kg ha−1 application rate of rapeseed meal. These results demonstrate that all glucosinolates are not equal in herbicidal effects. The herbicidal effects of the mustard seed meal could offer vegetable growers a new option for weed control, particularly in organic production systems. In practice, it would seem feasible to treat soils with a blend of Indian mustard and white mustard seed meals so that both grass and broadleaf weeds could be effectively controlled.

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Sheng, Xia Fang, Chun Yu Jiang i Lin Yan He. "Characterization of plant growth-promoting Bacillus edaphicus NBT and its effect on lead uptake by Indian mustard in a lead-amended soil". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, nr 5 (maj 2008): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-020.

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The plant growth promotion characteristics of a heavy-metal-resistant strain of Bacillus edaphicus NBT was characterized. The strain was also evaluated for promoting plant growth and lead (Pb) uptake of Brassica juncea L. Czern (Indian mustard) in soil artificially contaminated with 0, 400, and 800 mg Pb·kg–1 soil. Atomic absorption spectrometer analysis demonstrated that strain NBT could release water-soluble Pb from lead carbonate in the solution. Strain NBT had the capacity to produce indole acetic acid, siderophores, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase. Low and high Pb treatments significantly decreased the growth of Indian mustard. Inoculation with strain NBT was found to increase root dry mass (ranging from 16% to 22%) and above-ground tissue dry mass (ranging from 24% to 30%) of Indian mustard in the Pb-amended soil. Strain NBT was able to mobilize Pb efficiently in plants in Pb-amended soil. In the soil treated with 400 and 800 mg Pb·kg–1 soil, the increase in Pb uptake varied from 18% to 46% in live bacterium-inoculated Indian mustard plants compared with dead bacterium-inoculated control. The strain was also able to colonize and develop in the rhizosphere soil of Indian mustard after root inoculation.

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DeFrank, Joseph, G. C. Luther i H. Valenzuela. "Implementation of Brassica spp. as Trap Crops and as Beneficial Insectaries for Caterpillar Management in Cabbage Ecosystems". HortScience 30, nr 4 (lipiec 1995): 827E—827. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.827e.

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Experiments conducted over 3 years have determined the potential of utilizing Indian mustard and `Tastie' head cabbage multi-species borders as trap crops for management of caterpillar pests of head cabbage in Hawaii. `Scorpio', a cultivar that showed less feeding damage than `Tastie', was used as the main crop. The studies point toward the use of isolated patches of multi-species attractant crops separated from the main crop by a buffer of non-host crops such as sweet corn. A sweet corn buffer was effective in preventing insect movement between plots. Initial studies showed the high susceptibility of Indian mustard to white rust (Albugo candida), to be a constraint to its use as a trap crop. Follow-up studies found that `Excel' and `Parkland' mustards may be adequate substitutes for mustard crop due to their attraction of caterpillars and their tolerance to white rust. Gradient experiments conducted on 60 × 30-m plots indicate that the trap crop may be effective for a distance of 25 to 30 m in terms of attraction of caterpillars and dispersal of beneficials into the main crop. A record was also made of growth, flowering patterns, and of beneficials hosted by 12 different Brassica cultivars during the winter and spring growing seasons.

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Sharma, PC, i TS Sinha. "Salt tolerance of Indian mustard: Physiological factors". LS: International Journal of Life Sciences 1, nr 2 (2012): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/j.2319-118x.1.2.004.

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Kumar, Raj. "Regeneration in Brassica Juncea L.Crez. (Indian Mustard)". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, nr 12 (31.12.2020): 993–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.32694.

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Sah, Rameswar Prasad, Arun Kumar, Jyotirmoya Ghosh i Krishna Prasad. "Stability study in Indian mustard (Brassica junceaL.)". Journal of Hill Agriculture 6, nr 1 (2015): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2230-7338.2015.00014.2.

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Wangeline, Ami L., Jason L. Burkhead, Kerry L. Hale, Stormy D. Lindblom, Norman Terry, Marinus Pilon i Elizabeth A. H. Pilon-Smits. "Overexpression of ATP Sulfurylase in Indian Mustard". Journal of Environment Quality 33, nr 1 (2004): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.0054.

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Wangeline, Ami L., Jason L. Burkhead, Kerry L. Hale, Stormy D. Lindblom, Norman Terry, Marinus Pilon i Elizabeth A. H. Pilon-Smits. "Overexpression of ATP Sulfurylase in Indian Mustard". Journal of Environmental Quality 33, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.5400.

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Shekhawat, Kapila, S. S. Rathore, O. P. Premi, B. K. Kandpal i J. S. Chauhan. "Advances in Agronomic Management of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea(L.) Czernj. Cosson): An Overview". International Journal of Agronomy 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/408284.

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India is the fourth largest oilseed economy in the world. Among the seven edible oilseeds cultivated in India, rapeseed-mustard contributes 28.6% in the total oilseeds production and ranks second after groundnut sharing 27.8% in the India’s oilseed economy. The mustard growing areas in India are experiencing the vast diversity in the agro climatic conditions and different species of rapeseed-mustard are grown in some or other part of the country. Under marginal resource situation, cultivation of rapeseed-mustard becomes less remunerative to the farmers. This results in a big gap between requirement and production of mustard in India. Therefore site-specific nutrient management through soil-test recommendation based should be adopted to improve upon the existing yield levels obtained at farmers field. Effective management of natural resources, integrated approach to plant-water, nutrient and pest management and extension of rapeseed-mustard cultivation to newer areas under different cropping systems will play a key role in further increasing and stabilizing the productivity and production of rapeseed-mustard. The paper reviews the advances in proper land and seedbed preparation, optimum seed and sowing, planting technique, crop geometry, plant canopy, appropriate cropping system, integrated nutrient management and so forth to meet the ever growing demand of oil in the country and to realize the goal of production of 24 million tonnes of oilseed by 2020 AD through these advanced management techniques.

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Harvey, Stephanie G., Heather N. Hannahan i Carl E. Sams. "Indian Mustard and Allyl Isothiocyanate Inhibit Sclerotium rolfsii". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.1.27.

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Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is the predominant isothiocyanate produced by damaged tissues of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L) Czerniak). This study investigated Indian mustard and AITC mediated suppression of mycelial growth and sclerotial germination of Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo, a common soilborne pathogen. Indian mustard (IM) treatments of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, 2.0, 4.1, 5.1, 10.2, 20.4, 40.8, 81.6, and 163.3 g·L-1 (weight of reconstituted mustard per liter of air) were evaluated for suppression of mycelial growth. Treatment effect was evaluated by measuring the radial growth of mycelia. Sclerotia were placed in culture tubes containing 18 g autoclaved soil and covered with an additional 5 g soil. AITC at concentrations of 0, 4.0, 16.0, 64.0, 256.0, 1024.0, or 4096.0 μmol·L-1 was injected into the tubes. Treated sclerotia were removed from tubes and plated on potato dextrose agar to determine viability. Mycelial growth was inhibited with IM treatments (P < 0.01). Inhibiting concentrations (IC) of IM for mycelial growth inhibition of 50% and 90% were 0.7 and 1.0 g·L-1, respectively, with death resulting with >2 g·L-1. Inhibition attributable to AITC alone was lower than that achieved by IM producing equivalent amounts of AITC. Germination of sclerotia was negatively correlated with AITC concentration (r = 0.96; P < 0.01). The IC50 and IC90, of AITC were 249.0 and 528.8 μmol·L-1, respectively, at 42 hours. The lethal concentration for sclerotia was not reached; only suppression occurred at the highest treatment concentrations. Sclerotium rolfsii mycelia were sensitive to the IM volatiles and were suppressed at low concentrations. Sclerotia were more resistant than the mycelia and required higher concentrations of AITC to suppress germination.

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Radziemska, Maja, Jerzy Jeznach, Zbigniew Mazur, Joanna Fronczyk i Ayla Bilgin. "Assessment of the effect of reactive materials on the content of selected elements in Indian mustard grown in Cu-contaminated soils". Journal of Water and Land Development 28, nr 1 (1.03.2016): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2016-0005.

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Abstract Zero-valent iron (ZVI) represent a promising agent for environmental remediation. The research was aimed to determine the influence of copper in doses of 0, 80, 150, 300, and 600 mg Cu·kg−1 of soil as well as ZVI, and lignite additives on the content of macroelements in the Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.). The average accumulation of analyzing elements in Indian mustard grown in copper contaminated soil were found to follow the decreasing order Mg > Na > P > Ca > K > N. Soil contamination at 600 mg Cu·kg−1 of soil led to the highest increase in P, Mg, N, and Ca content. The application of ZVI had a positive influence on the average phosphorus and potassium content of Indian mustard. Moreover, the application of ZVI and lignite had a positive influence on the average Mg and Ca content in the above-ground parts of Indian mustard. From the analyzed reactive materials, the application of lignite was shown to be the most effective resulting in the decrease in the average nitrogen and calcium content when compared to the control crop. Calcium content in plants from the control group, without the addition of zero-valent iron, and powered lignite (control), was positively correlated with increasing doses of copper.

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Riaz, Sobia, Saima Kausar, Muhammad Mohsin, Aamir Mahmood Memon, Iram Maqsood i Muhammad Nadeem Abbas. "Spider Diversity in Some Common Oilseed Crops in Central Punjab, Pakistan". Biological Sciences - PJSIR 60, nr 3 (29.12.2017): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.60.3.2017.168.175.

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Three commonly cultivated oilseed crops viz., soybean, sunflower and Indian mustard weresampled to compare density and diversity of spider at different developmental stages. This study wasconducted at Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 1210 spider individuals,68 species and 5 families were sampled throughout the study period. The families showed different levelsof association with the crops, like Lycosidae and Clubionidae were found commonly spread and highlyabundant, whereas Philodromidae was only restricted to sunflower and locally rare. The Evippa sohani,Pardosa fletcheri, Evippa shivajii and Pardosa oakleyi were recorded most dominant and commonly spreadspider species. Indian mustard constituted highest diversity of spider species followed by soybean andsunflower. Spider species diversity on the Indian mustard was significantly different from the sunflower.These predator species can play a major role to suppress devastating agricultural pests of oilseed crops,thereby enhance the crop yield.

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Juel, Md Ariful Islam, Thuhin Kumar Dey, Md Ibrahim Sardar Akash i Kushol Kumar Das. "Heavy Metals Phytoremidiation Potential of Napier Grass Cultivated on Tannery Sludge in Bangladesh". Journal of Engineering Science 12, nr 1 (21.04.2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jes.v12i1.53099.

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Phytoremediation is a cost effective and eco-friendly method for cleanup of contaminated soil. This study focused on the assessment of phytoremediation potential of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and Indian mastered (Brassica juncea) yielding in tannery sludge. Initial characterization of tannery sludge showed a high concentration of chromium, lead, copper and zinc which were 6845.5±50.2, 73±2.5, 93±1.5 and 29±2.5 mg/kg, respectively. Both seeds of these plants were sown on tannery sludge kept in baskets and harvested after 8 and 12 weeks of plantation. Analysis indicated that both Napier grass and Indian mustard accumulated heavy metals in the order of Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb at different parts of these plants. Transfer factor (TF) for both plants were greater than 1 for Cu, Zn, Pb though it was less than 1 for Cr. Indian mustard accumulated highest concentration of Cr, Cu, and Pb whereas Napier grass showed highest Zn uptake and good Cr and Cu accumulation capacity. The uptake rate of Cr increased in Napier grass with the increase of plant age. Moreover, Napier grass is one of the rapid yielding tropical grasses and can retain for a longer period than Indian mustard for that attribute, it may accumulate more heavy metals than Indian mustard within its life span. Both of these plants can be used for remediating heavy metals from contaminated tannery sludge. Journal of Engineering Science 12(1), 2021, 35-41

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Sahoo, Chitta Ranjan, Manasi Dash i N. Acharya. "Biochemical Responses of Indian Mustard to Water Stress". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, nr 02 (10.02.2019): 1711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.802.201.

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Salt, David E., Ingrid J. Pickering, Roger C. Prince, Deloressa Gleba, Slavik Dushenkov, Robert D. Smith i Ilya Raskin. "Metal Accumulation by Aquacultured Seedlings of Indian Mustard". Environmental Science & Technology 31, nr 6 (czerwiec 1997): 1636–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es960802n.

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Kumari, Nisha, Ram Avtar, Bunty Sharma, Babita Rani, Veena Jain i R. K. Sheoran. "Biochemical assessment of nutritional status in Indian mustard". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, nr 2 (1.06.2017): 1068–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1322.

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The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the nutritional potential of five different Indian mustard genotypes. Fatty acid composition was determined in the oil, whereas seed meal was analyzed for limiting amino acids (tryptophan and methionine), protein content, glucosinolate content and antioxidant potential (DPPH free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity and iron chelating activity). The monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were found to be maximum in RH 0749 (58.70 %) followed by RH (OE) 0801 (48.91 %), JM 6011 (47.03 %), EC 597328 and EC 597340 (45.77 %). Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were observed maximum in EC 597340 (47.45 %).Glucosinolate content ranged from 42.80 (EC 597328) to 79.79 μmole/g defatted seed meal (EC 597340). The methanolic seed meal extract exhibited a concentration dependent elimination of DPPH free radicals. All the five genotypes showed about 50 % inhibition in 3.0 mg of dry seed meal. The highest total antioxidant activity (20.41mg/g) and metal ion chelating activity (32.58 %) was observed in RH 0749. Protein content varied from 33.57 [RH (OE) 0801] to 38.01 % (RH 0749). Maximum methionine and tryptophan content were recorded in RH 0749 (0.99 and 1.01 g/100g protein, respectively). Thus, RH 0749 was observed as a potent variety in terms of total antioxidant activity, metal ion chelating activity, protein content, methionine and tryptophan content.

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Pickering, Ingrid J., Roger C. Prince, Martin J. George, Robert D. Smith, Graham N. George i David E. Salt. "Reduction and Coordination of Arsenic in Indian Mustard". Plant Physiology 122, nr 4 (1.04.2000): 1171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.122.4.1171.

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Novo, Luís A. B., Eduardo F. Silva, Andrea Pereira, Alba Casanova i Luís González. "The effects of rhenium accumulation on Indian mustard". Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, nr 21 (21.06.2018): 21243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2547-4.

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Kumar, R., i V. P. Gupta. "Isozyme studies in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)". Theoretical and Applied Genetics 70, nr 1 (kwiecień 1985): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00264491.

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Rani, Radha, Priyanka Padole, Asha Juwarkar i Tapan Chakrabarti. "Phytotransformation of Phorate by Brassica juncea (Indian Mustard)". Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 223, nr 3 (6.10.2011): 1383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0952-0.

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Kanrar, S., J. Venkateswari, P. Kirti i V. Chopra. "Transgenic Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) with resistance to the mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.)". Plant Cell Reports 20, nr 10 (marzec 2002): 976–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00299-001-0422-z.

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ZELEKE, K. T., D. J. LUCKETT i R. B. COWLEY. "RESPONSE OF CANOLA (Brassica napus L.) AND MUSTARD (B. juncea L.) TO DIFFERENT WATERING REGIMES". Experimental Agriculture 50, nr 4 (1.05.2014): 573–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479714000064.

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SUMMARYIn arid and semiarid winter crop growing regions of southern Australia, low rainfall, high evaporation, and low soil moisture storage are the limiting factors for crop production. In this region canola (Brassica napus L.) is principally grown in rotation with wheat and pasture species. Some field studies have indicated Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to be more drought tolerant than canola and therefore considered to be better adapted than canola to short season environments. A field experiment was conducted at Wagga Wagga in NSW to determine the effect of two soil moisture regimes on water use efficiency, harvest index, seed and oil quality of cv. Oasis of Indian mustard and cv. Skipton of canola. Significant year × stress and species × stress interaction effects were observed for grain yield, harvest index, seed weight, biomass water productivity, and grain water productivity. Irrigation during the post flowering period resulted in 50% and 200% increases in canola grain yield in the first year (year with higher in-crop water) and the second year (year with low in-crop water), respectively. For mustard, these values were 7% and 45%, respectively. Stressed mustard resulted in higher grain yield than stressed canola while irrigated canola performed better than irrigated mustard. High mustard biomass production resulted in lowering its harvest index. Generally, the biomass water productivity of mustard was higher than that of canola. Grain yield-based water productivity of stressed mustard was higher than that of stressed canola while irrigated canola had higher water productivity than irrigated mustard. When rainfall and actual evapotranspiration drop below some thresholds, mustard becomes a favourable crop. Generally, effects due to the water treatments (stressed v irrigated) were much larger than the differences due to species.

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Wang, Autumn S., Ping Hu, Emily B. Hollister, Katie L. Rothlisberger, Anil Somenahally, Tony L. Provin, Frank M. Hons i Terry J. Gentry. "Impact of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) and Flax (Linum usitatissimum) Seed Meal Applications on Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, and Microbial Dynamics". Applied and Environmental Soil Science 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/351609.

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There is a critical need to investigate how land application of dedicated biofuel oilseed meals affects soil ecosystems. In this study, mustard (Brassica juncea) and flax (Linum usitatissimum) seed meals and sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor) were added to soil at levels of 0, 1, 2.5, and 5% (w/w). Both the type of amendment and application rate affected soil organic C, total C & N, and C & N mineralization. Mustard meal amendment initially inhibited C mineralization as compared to flax, but >50% of mustard and flax organic C was mineralized within 51 d. Nitrogen mineralization was similar for flax and mustard, except for the 2.5% rate for which a lower proportion of mustard N was converted to nitrate. The mustard meal greatly impacted microbial community composition, appearing to select for specific fungal populations. The potential varying impacts of different oilseed meals on soil ecosystems should be considered when developing recommendations for land application.

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Angus, JF, AFvan Herwaarden, GN Howe i Herwaarden AF Van. "Productivity and break crop effects of winter-growing oilseeds". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, nr 5 (1991): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910669.

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Productivity, water use and nitrogen (N) use of the oilseeds canola, Indian mustard and linseed were compared with those of wheat and oats in a field experiment in the Riverina. In the following year wheat was grown on the same land and the same attributes were measured. In the first year, wheat productivity exceeded that of all other crops in terms of yield, dry matter production, uptake and the production value (expressed in the common units of the mass of glucose assimilated) of grain and straw. There was no association between productivity and water use, but the cereals had greater canopy cover and, presumably, a greater proportion of the water was transpired rather than evaporated from the soil. In the following year the wheat yield varied with the previous crop species in the order Indian mustard > canola > linseed > oats > wheat. The advantage of the oilseeds to the subsequent wheat crop was evident in terms of shoot density from the stem elongation stage. At the time of maturity, wheat following Indian mustard had extracted more soil water than wheat following canola or wheat following wheat. The early growth advantage to wheat following oilseeds was presumed to be associated with less soil-borne disease. The advantage to wheat following linseed did not persist after anthesis. The advantage to wheat following Indian mustard over wheat following canola appeared to be partly due to greater depletion of subsoil water during the later phases of growth.

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Kaushik, N., i A. Agnihotri. "GLC analysis of Indian rapeseed-mustard to study the variability of fatty acid composition". Biochemical Society Transactions 28, nr 6 (1.12.2000): 581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280581.

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Rapeseed-mustard is one of the most economically important oilseed crops in India. Speciality oils having high amounts of a specific fatty acid are of immense importance for both nutritional and industrial purposes. Oil high in oleic acid has demand in commercial food-service applications due to a long shelf-life and cholesterol-reducing properties. Both linoleic and linolenic acids are essential fatty acids; however, less than 3% linolenic acid is preferred for oil stability. High erucic acid content is beneficial for the polymer industry, whereas low erucic acid is recommended for food purposes. Therefore, it is important to undertake systematic characterization of the available gene pool for its variable fatty acid profile to be utilized for specific purposes. In the present study the Indian rapeseed-mustard germplasm and some newly developed low-erucic-acid strains were analysed by GLC to study the fatty acid composition in these lines. The GLC analysis revealed that the rapeseed-mustard varieties being commonly grown in India are characterized by high erucic acid content (30–51%) in the oil with low levels of oleic acid (13–23%). However, from among the recently developed low-erucic-acid strains, several lines were identified with comparatively high oleic acid (60–70%), moderate to high linoleic acid (13–40%) and low linolenic acid (< 10%) contents. Work is in progress at TERI (New Delhi, India) to utilize these lines for development of strains with particular fatty acid compositions for specific purposes.

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Augustien, Nora, Pawana Nur Indah, Purnawati Arika, Irsyad Irsyad i Hadi Suhardjono. "The Application of Organic Plant Media Composition on Indian Mustard Crops (Brassica Juncea L) in Polybag". AJARCDE | Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment 1, nr 1 (23.12.2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v1i1.3.

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Indian mustard plants are the main vegetable crops consumed by urban communities. The need for this vegetable increases along with the increase in culinary tourism in each region and the government's appeal on sustainable food home. One effort made to meet the needs of vegetable mustard in urban areas can be cultivated using polybags. The main problem of vegetable cultivation on polybags is the availability of soil media. To overcome the limitations of soil media it is attempted to substitute it with organic litter enriched with MOL (local microorganisms). The purpose of research is to find the right combination of planting media for mustard plants. The results showed that the composition of K7 = soil: compost: litter of hay: litter of maize (2: 1: 1: 1) best on plant length, number of leaves, length of root leaves and number of roots while the wet weight of mustard plant (g) K7 = soil: compost: litter of maize: litter of corn (2: 1: 1: 1) and K8 = soil: compost: litter of maize: litter of maize: cocopeat (2: 1: 1: 1: 1) or soil: compost + urea. Increased weights of wet mustard by 63% compared to soil media and 20% compared to soil composition: compost + urea. Organic straw in the form of straw: litter of corn stalk: cocopeat enriched with MOL are able to become ready-made planting media on the cultivation of indian mustard plants in polybags.

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PANDEY, ANJIR. "Effect of moisture conservation practices on growth and yield of Indian mustard and chickpea intercropping system under rainfed conditions". Annals of Plant and Soil Research 23, nr 2 (30.04.2021): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47815/apsr.2021.10055.

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A field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2018-19 and 2019-20 at the Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Gwalior (M.P.) to study the effect of moisture conservation practices on Indian mustard-chickpea intercropping under rainfed conditions. The treatments comprised of four intercropping systems and four moisture conservation practices were evaluated in split plot design with three replications. The results revealed that intercropping of mustard + chickpea at1:4 and 2:4 row ratios registered maximum growth parameters, yield and yield-attributes and economics of both the crops over chickpea or mustard grown alone. LER was 1.43 to 1.44.Mustard equivalent yield was 23.05 to 24.21 q/ha over sole chickpea (21.95 q ha-1) and sole mustard (13.54 q ha-1). Weed mulching @ 5 t ha-1 resulted in higher growth, yield and yield-attributes and economics as compared to soil or paddy straw mulching.

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Wang, Hui Ping. "The Study on Oil Pollution Environmental Treatment Based on Micro-Biological Degradation". Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (marzec 2012): 1743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.1743.

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All the strains screened out from contaminated soils were capable of degrading diesel oil while consortium and strains Q18 had stronger degradation efficiency. It’s found that the existence of alfalfa and mustard could promote the degradation of diesel oil significantly. The existence of plant and the growth of roots may have changed the soil environment to make it more suitable for the growth of strains and degradation. In addition, the number of strains in the mustard rhizosphere was larger than that in the alfalfa rhizosphere, which showed that mustard had stronger ability on the activation of strain. This may be related to the different growth characteristics of mustard and alfalfa. In the experiment, Rhodococcus Q18-Indian mustard complex had the highest rate of degradation of diesel oil.

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Tandayu, Erwin, Priyakshee Gohain, Terry Rose, Graham King i Tobias Kretzschmar. "Genetic Elucidation of Glucosinolates in a Diverse Collection of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)". Proceedings 36, nr 1 (8.04.2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036197.

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Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary metabolites produced by members of the genus Brassica. These compounds impart the pungency to brassica vegetables and oils. Due to their health benefits, which include anti-cancer and anti-fungal properties, they have been attracting interest in research. Indian mustard (B. juncea L.), used as condiment and oil crop has high natural levels of seed glucosinolates and displays exploitable natural variation in this trait. In this study a diverse collection of 161 mustard lines originating from 21 countries, will be genotyped and phenotyped. Traits of interest include seed GSLs (sinigrin, gluconapin, progroitin, epi-progoitin and glucoiberin), oil and protein content, as well as basic agro-morphological performance such as height, flowering time and yield. Current knowledge on GSL biosynthesis and its genetic regulation mostly relies on data from Arabidopsis thaliana. We aim to elucidate the genetic architecture of GSL content and composition in relation to other seed traits (oil and protein content) in our diversity panel through association mapping. Additionally, we are aiming to resolve genome complexity of GSL genes in mustard genome in contrast to A. thaliana by identifying gene copy number through in silico analysis. Outcome of this study will help streamline the breeding and product development for either high GSL mustard lines for condiment use or low GSL lines for canola-type oil use. Our preliminary data on seed GSLs seems to reflect the historical use of mustard in different geographical regions. Chinese and European lines featured higher GSL while lines from the Indian subcontinent displayed lower GSL contents.

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Singh, Sudheer, Ajeet Kumar Dwivedi, Ashu tosh, Omesh Kumar i Kamlesh Kumar. "Genetic Divergence Analysis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, nr 06 (10.06.2018): 2496–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.706.296.

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Bryson, Gretchen M., i Allen V. Barker. "Phytoextraction of Zinc by Indian Mustard and Tall Fescue". Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 38, nr 3-4 (luty 2007): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103620601172316.

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Salt, D. E., R. C. Prince, I. J. Pickering i I. Raskin. "Mechanisms of Cadmium Mobility and Accumulation in Indian Mustard". Plant Physiology 109, nr 4 (1.12.1995): 1427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.4.1427.

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Sandhu, Surinder K., Manjit S. Kang, Muhanad W. Akash i Pritpal Singh. "Selection indices for improving selection efficiency in Indian mustard". Journal of Crop Improvement 33, nr 1 (5.11.2018): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2018.1539689.

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Shiyab, Safwan, Jian Chen, Fengxiang X. Han, David L. Monts, Fank B. Matta, Mengmeng Gu, Yi Su i Motasim A. Masad. "Mercury-induced oxidative stress in Indian mustard (Brassica junceaL.)". Environmental Toxicology 24, nr 5 (październik 2009): 462–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.20450.

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Ansari, Mohd Kafeel Ahmad, Hong-Bo Shao, Shahid Umar, Altaf Ahmad, Shahid Hussain Ansari, Muhammad Iqbal i Gary Owens. "Screening Indian Mustard Genotypes for Phytoremediating Arsenic-Contaminated Soils". CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 41, nr 2 (21.11.2012): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201100752.

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Ansari, Mohd Kafeel Ahmad, Shahid Umar, Altaf Ahmad, Shahid Hussain Ansari, Muhammad Iqbal, Gary Owens i Hong-Bo Shao. "Screening Indian Mustard Genotypes for Phytoremediating Arsenic-Contaminated Soils". CLEAN - Soil, Air, Water 41, nr 3 (marzec 2013): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/clen.201390006.

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Dungey, Stephen G., Joseph P. Sang, Neil E. Rothnie, Martin V. Palmer, Daniel G. Burke, R. Bruce Knox, Elizabeth G. Williams, Edward P. Hilliard i Phillip A. Salisbury. "Glucosinolates in the pollen of rapeseed and indian mustard". Phytochemistry 27, nr 3 (styczeń 1988): 815–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)84098-6.

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