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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Indian mustard"
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Bender, David A., i William P. Morrison. "INDIAN MUSTARD AS A TRAP CROP FOR INSECT PESTS OF CABBAGE ON THE TEXAS HIGH PLAINS". HortScience 28, nr 4 (kwiecień 1993): 268B—268. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.268b.
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Indian mustard trap crops have successfully reduced pesticide use on commercial cabbage in India. Diamondback moth has been a serious pest of cabbage in Texas and has demonstrated resistance to most classes of insecticides. Use of a trap crop could fit well in an integrated management program for cabbage insects, Three-row plots of spring and fall cabbage were surrounded by successive single-row plantings of Indian mustard in trials at Lubbock, Texas to determine the efficacy of interplanting for reducing insecticide applications. Insects in the cabbage and Indian mustard were counted twice weekly, and insecticides were applied selectively when economic thresholds were reached. Indian mustard was highly attractive to harlequin bugs, and protected intercropped spring cabbage. Cabbage plots without mustard required two insecticide applications to control the infestation. False chinch bugs were also highly attracted to Indian mustard. Lepidopterous larvae, including diamondback moth, did not appear to be attracted to the trap crop. Indian mustard trap crops reduced insecticide applications to spring cabbage but had no positive effect on fail cabbage.
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Rakesh, Rakesh, A. S. Rathi, Pawan Kumar, Anil Kumar i Pavitra Kumari. "Sclerotinia rot of rapeseed mustard: A comprehensive review". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, nr 4 (1.12.2016): 2325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i4.1133.
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Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.] is one of the major oilseed crops cultivated in India and around the world. It is extensively grown traditionally as a pure crop as well as intercrop (mixed crop) in marginal and sub-marginal soils in the eastern, northern and north western states of India. Cool and moist climate of winter months is the major factor for luxuriant growth and productivity of mustard in these states. Despite considerable increase in productivity and production, a wide gap exists between yield potential and yield realized at farmer’s field, which is largely due to biotic and abiotic stresses. The destructive diseases of rapeseed-mustard include those caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and phytoplasma. Among them, Sclerotinia stem rot is the most serious fungal disease that causes maximum damage in Indian mustard. This paper reviews the research and development of Sclerotinia rot in rapeseed-mustard during the past years in relation to pathogen taxonomy, biology, epidemiology, disease cycle and management. The paper also attempts to present future outlook and strategy for Sclerotinia rot of rapeseed mustard research.
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Bender, David A., William P. Morrison i Raymond E. Frisbie. "Intercropping Cabbage and Indian Mustard for Potential Control of Lepidopterous and Other Insects". HortScience 34, nr 2 (kwiecień 1999): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.2.275.
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A system of intercropping cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) with Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] to reduce pesticide applications was evaluated over three cropping seasons. Insects were monitored in nonintercropped cabbage, cabbage plots surrounded by Indian mustard, and the Indian mustard intercrop. Insecticide applications were made to individual plots based on specific treatment thresholds for lepidopterous insects and accepted pest management practices for other insects. Intercropping had no significant effect on the number of lepidopterous larvae in cabbage. Indian mustard did not appear to preferentially attract lepidopterous insects, but was highly attractive to hemipterans, especially harlequin bugs [Murgantia histrionica (Hahn)]. In one season with heavy harlequin bug pressure, intercropping with Indian mustard eliminated two insecticide applications to cabbage. Intercropping cabbage with Indian mustard does not appear to be an economical pest management practice under normal pest pressures in West Texas.
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KJ, Jankowski, Budzyński WS, Ł. Kijewski i A. Klasa. "Concentrations of copper, zinc and manganese in the roots, straw and oil cake of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss.) depending on sulphur fertilization". Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 8 (10.08.2014): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/225/2014-pse.
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The purpose of this experiment was to determine the influence of the soil application of sulphur (S) on concentrations of micronutrients in the root residues, straw and oil cake of white and Indian mustard. The plant material for chemical analyses originated from a controlled field experiment conducted in experimental fields at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland (2006–2008). In both white and Indian mustard, the richest source of Cu (7.2; 7.0 mg/kg dry matter (DM)) and Zn (64.6; 55.3 mg/kg DM) was the oil cake from mustard seeds. Regarding Mn, both white and Indian mustard accumulated the highest content of this element in roots (48.2; 50.8 mg/kg DM), less in oil cake (31.9; 35.5 mg/kg DM) and the least Mn was determined in straw of both species (24.0; 17.1 mg/kg DM). The application of sulphur caused a significant increase in the concentration of Zn and Mn in white mustard roots. The content of micronutrients in roots of Indian mustard was not differentiated significantly by S fertilization. The application of sulphur caused a significant decrease in the content of Mn in white mustard straw and Cu in Indian mustard straw. The content of micronutrients in white mustard oil cake and Indian mustard oil cake was not significantly changed by S fertilization.
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Banga, Surinder S., i K. S. Labana. "Male sterility in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss). IV. Genetics of MS-4". Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 27, nr 5 (1.10.1985): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g85-072.
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Male sterile plants of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Coss.) were observed in the F2 generation of the cross RLM-198 × EJ-33. The genetic analysis revealed that male sterility occurred when the cytoplasm of RLM-198 interacted with recessive nuclear genes of EJ-33. The genetic constitution of RLM-198 was postulated to be (S) RF RF, EJ-33 as (F) rf rf, and the male sterile plants as (S) rf rf. Varieties of Indian mustard from India mostly contained dominant fertility restorer genes, while European varieties had a greater frequency of the recessive maintainer genes. None of these varieties, however, was capable of complete maintenance of male sterility. Heterosis for yield up to 56% over the national check was observed in field trials. The use of this cytoplasmic male sterile plant in hybrid mustard production will not be economical, until a complete maintainer for male sterility is identified.Key words: Brassica juncea, Indian mustard, male sterility, hybrids.
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Singh, Mahak Kumar, i Amit Tomar. "Analysis of present status, production constraints and future research strategies in Oilseed Brassica species". International Journal of Agricultural Invention 3, nr 02 (27.11.2018): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.22.
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Rapeseed-mustard crops in India comprise traditionally grown indigenous species, namely toria (Brassica campestris L. var. toria), brown sarson (Brassica campestris L. var. brown sarson), yellow sarson (Brassica campestris L. var. yellow sarson), Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss.), black mustard (Brassica nigra) and taramira (Eruca sativa/ vesicaria Mill.), which have been grown since about 3,500 BC along with non-traditional species like gobhi sarson (Brassica napus L.) and Ethiopian mustard or karan rai (Brassica carinata A. Braun).
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Wang, Sifan, Yong Liu, Khalil Kariman, Jialin Li, Huihua Zhang, Fangbai Li, Yinglong Chen i in. "Co-Cropping Indian Mustard and Silage Maize for Phytoremediation of a Cadmium-Contaminated Acid Paddy Soil Amended with Peat". Toxics 9, nr 5 (21.04.2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9050091.
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Co-cropping is an eco-friendly strategy to improve the phytoremediation capacity of plants growing in soils contaminated with heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd). This study was conducted to investigate the effects of co-cropping Indian mustard (Brassicajuncea) and silage maize (Zeamays) and applying peat on the phytoremediation of a Cd-contaminated acid paddy soil via characterizing plant growth and Cd uptake in pot experiments. There were six planting patterns (Control: no plants; MI-2 and MI-4: mono-cropping of Indian mustard at low and high densities, respectively; MS: mono-cropping of silage maize; CIS-2 and CIS-4: co-cropping of Indian mustard at low and high densities with silage maize, respectively) and two application rates of peat (NP: 0; WP: 30 g kg−1). When Indian mustard and silage maize were co-cropped, the shoot biomass of Indian mustard plants per pot was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that obtained in the mono-cropping systems, with a substantial reduction (55–72%) in the same plant density group. The shoot biomass of silage maize plants in the mono-cropping systems did not differ significantly from that in the co-cropping systems regardless of the density of Indian mustard. The growth-promoting effect of the peat application was more pronounced in Indian mustard than silage maize. Under the low density of Indian mustard, the co-cropping systems significantly (p < 0.05) decreased Cd uptake by silage maize. Additionally, soil amendment with peat significantly (p < 0.05) increased shoot Cd removal rate and Cd translocation factor value in the co-cropping systems. Taken together, the results demonstrated that silage maize should be co-cropped with Indian mustard at an appropriate density in Cd-polluted soils to achieve simultaneous remediation of Cd-contaminated soils (via Indian mustard) and production of crops (here, silage maize). Peat application was shown to promote the removal of Cd from soil and translocation of Cd into shoots and could contribute to enhanced phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated acid paddy soil.
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Verma, O. P., S. Singh, S. Pradhan, G. Kar i S. K. Rautaray. "Irrigation, nitrogen and sulphur fertilization response on productivity, water use efficiency and quality of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) in a semi-arid environment". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, nr 2 (1.06.2018): 593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1741.
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Water and nutrient deficiency are two major constraints that drastically affect rapeseed and mustard production under semi-arid regions of North-Western India. To cope with this problem, a study was undertaken to optimize irrigation, nitrogen and sulphur levels for productivity and quality of Ethiopian mustard(Brassica carinata).Field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2004-05 and 2005-06 at the Water Technology Centre (WTC), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) – Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India. Irrigation, nitrogen and sulphur levels significantly (P<0.05) affected plant height, LAI, siliqua weight, seeds/siliqua, test weight, seed and biomass yield of Ethiopian mustard. Application of three irrigations (seedling, 50% flowering and pod development stage) to Ethiopian mustard increased seed yield by 27-28% compared to one irrigation (seedling stage). Nitrogen @ 90 kg ha-1 produced 49-54 % higher seed yield of Ethiopian mustard compared to no application. Similarly, sulphur application @ 40 kg ha-1 increased seed yield by 33-34 % compared to no application of sulphur. The oil content of Ethiopian mustard was significantly (P<0.05) affected by nitrogen and sulphur levels. Among the three treatments, irrigation treatment only significantly affected evapotranspiration of the studied crop. From the above study, it is suggested that application of 3 irrigations with 90 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg S ha-1 may be practiced for achieving higher seed yield, quality and water use efficiency of Ethiopian mustard in the semi-arid environment of Northern part of India.
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Walker, G. E., i B. G. Morey. "Effect of brassica and weed manures on abundance of Tylenchulus semipenetrans and fungi in citrus orchard soil". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 39, nr 1 (1999): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97116.
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Summary. Brassica cultivars Ebony and Indian mustards, and Rangi rape residues reduced the soil level of Tylenchulus semipenetrans by up to 76% compared with unamended soil, and in a greenhouse reduced levels on the roots of orange (Citrus sinensis) seedlings. Paratrichodorus lobatus reached high levels in pots containing unamended soil but was not detected in pots containing amended soils. However, Pythium ultimum was isolated more frequently from roots, and propagule numbers of Pythium spp. were significantly higher in amended soils. Soil amendment did not affect growth of orange seedlings, and the benefits from reduced nematode levels may have been negated by the increase in pythium infection. In field experiments at 3 citrus orchards cleared for replanting, and at 1 established orchard between tree rows, brassica cultivars were grown in situ (20 kg seed/ha) as green manure crops. Highest crop production was at a site with heavier soil under drip irrigation, where Ebony and Yellow mustards produced 13–15 kg fresh weight/m2. Although soil levels of T. semipenetrans were reduced by 79–91% by incorporation of green manures, brassica cultivars including Ebony, Indian and Yellow mustards, and Humus and Rangi rapes, were no more effective than were self-seeding weeds. At 1 site, incorporation of a poor stand of Ebony mustard (but not of weeds) produced higher soil levels of T. semipenetrans; Paratrichodorus sp. numbers declined after mustard incorporation at this site but increased after weeds. Growth and soil incorporation of either brassicas or weeds increased soil levels of Pythium spp., but fusarium levels were decreased by incorporation of weed and Indian mustard residues. Growth of citrus measured at 2 field sites did not differ between soils amended with brassica or weed residues.
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Bender, David A., i William P. Morrison. "634A PB 527 INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT THROUGH A CABBAGE-INDIAN MUSTARD COMPANION PLANTING". HortScience 29, nr 5 (maj 1994): 523d—523. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.523d.
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Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) has been reported to be a preferred host for diamondhack moth (Plutella xylostellu) and other insect pests when interplanted with cabbage (Brasssica oleracea var. capitata). A cabbage-Indian mustard companion planting study was conducted to determine the seasonal occurrence of cabbage insects and the potential for using a trap-crop system to reduce insecticide applications to cabbage in West Texas. Three-row plots of cabbage 9 m long were transplanted with and without sequentially seeded borders of Indian mustard in three seasons. Harmful and beneficial insects were counted at roughly weekly intervals. Insecticides were applied when insect populations in individual plots reached predetermined thresholds. Indian mustard did not appear to be more attractive than cabbage to lepidopterous pests, but did preferentially attract hemipterans, particularly harlequin bugs (Margantia histrionica). The mustard trap crop eliminated two insecticide` applications in one trial by reducing harlequin bug pressure on the cabbage.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Indian mustard"
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Gunasekera, Chandra Padmini. "Adaptation of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to short season dryland Mediterranean-type environments". Curtin University of Technology, Muresk Institute of Agriculture, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14498.
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Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) has recently been identified as a potential and profitable alternative oilseed crop in the grain growing regions of Australia. To date, no research has been reported on adaptation of mustard in water limited Mediterranean-type environments in south Western Australia. Experiments presented in this thesis were undertaken to study adaptation of mustard in the Mediterranean-type environments in south Western Australia, with the hypothesis that mustard would be better adapted to these environments due to its reputation for drought tolerance. Experiments were conducted with three main aims. Firstly, to identify the effects of genotype, environment (times of sowing/seasons/sites) and genotype x environment interaction on the phenology, growth, dry matter production, seed yield, oil and protein contents of mustard and canola. Secondly, to identify phenological, morphological and physiological characters responsible for adaptation and yield improvement of mustard in these environments. Thirdly, to study the response of mustard to soil moisture deficits, especially in the post-flowering period, in comparison to canola. Adaptation of six mustard breeding lines/cultivars varying in maturity, height and oil quality and three canola cultivars varying in maturity were tested at a medium rainfall site (Northam) in the 1999 growing season. These genotypes were sown at four times after the break of the season and their phenology, growth, morphology, dry matter production and partitioning, radiation absorption, seed yield and its components, and seed oil and protein concentrations were measured. Adaptation of mustard to short season, low rainfall areas was tested, in the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons, at three sites (Merredin. Mullewa and Newdegate), by sowing seven genotypes of mustard and canola at three times after the break of the season.Seed yield, oil and protein concentrations were measured at all three sites and detailed measurements of phenology, morphology, dry matter production and partitioning, radiation absorption, seed yield and its components, and seed oil and protein concentrations were taken only at Merredin. The effects of post-flowering soil moisture stress on mustard and canola was studied in detail using rainout shelters at Merredin in the 2001 growing season. Measurements of water use, leaf water potential, osmotic potential, osmotic adjustment, relative water content, and leaf diffusive conductance were taken together with morphology, dry matter production and partitioning, radiation absorption, seed yield and its components, and seed oil and protein concentration. Mustard produced seed yields similar to canola at a medium rainfall site at Northam in south Western Australia. Early sowing (May) was more suitable for mid and late maturing genotypes and mid sowing (early June) was optimum for early maturing genotypes at this site. Dry matter production and seed yield was highest in early sowing due to balanced pre-anthesis and post-anthesis development of the crop and its ability to avoid terminal drought. Very late sowing (after July) significantly reduced the dry matter production, seed yield and oil concentration of mustard and canola due to poor establishment, reduced post-anthesis duration, soil moisture and high temperature stresses which occurred at the end of the season. Mustard did not produce significantly higher dry matter and seed yield compared to canola at the medium rainfall site, Northam. Seed yield and oil concentration of mustard and canola in low rainfall environments (Merredin, Mullcwa and Newdegate) were higher when sown early in the season (May). Longer growing duration and post-anthesis duration were favourable for higher yields.
Higher rainfall during the post-anthesis phase, warmer pre-anthesis phase and cooler post-anthesis phase were associated with higher seed yield in these environments. As shown by the Principal Component Analysis and the Finlay Wilkinson Analysis, adaptation of mustard genotypes to low rainfall environments was better compared to canola genotypes. Mustard genotypes, 887.1.6.1, 82 No 2298 demonstrated their general adaptability by producing the highest mean seed yield across all environments and showing average phenotypic stability across all environments. The low yielding canola genotype, Oscar was best adapted to high yielding environments and showed below average phenotypic stability. Low yielding mustard genotypes, JM 25 and JM 33 were best adapted to low yielding environments and showed above average phenotypic stability. Early flowering and developmental plasticity had a significant contribution to yield potential and its stability. All mustard genotypes were more tolerant to soil moisture and high temperature stresses and exhibited early vigour compared to canola varieties. Mustards produced significantly higher dry matter compared to canola under soil moisture and high temperature stresses. Yield reduction due to late sowing VI was greater in canola compared to mustards. Greater dry matter production of mustards under severe soil moisture stress was related to their higher water use and radiation use, which in turn was related to their superior osmotic adjustment.
Osmotic adjustment improved dry matter production in mustards as it allowed stomata to remain partially open at progressively lower leaf water potentials and maintained higher stomatal conductance, maintained leaf area and reduced the rate of leaf senescence by increasing both avoidance and tolerance of dehydration and thereby increased radiation use, increased water use by stomatal adjustment, and increased soil moisture uptake by producing deeper roots. Mustard exhibited many agronomic advantages over canola, such as vigorous seedling growth, quick ground covering ability, early vigour, and the feasibility of direct harvesting due to non-shattering pods. Despite all these advantages currently available mustard genotypes do not have the ability to out yield canola due to their lower efficiency of conversion of dry matter to seeds, as indicated by lower harvest indices, and inferior yield component structure. Further breeding in mustard is required to modify its morphology and yield component structure. Mustard plants with more pods and pods with more seeds would produce higher yields. Shorter, compact plant stature and reduced branching would improve harvest index in mustard. Furthermore, development of mustard genotypes with high oil quality and concentration similar to canola would improve its market value as an oil seed crop.
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Schelfhout, Christopher James. "DNA marker assisted breeding in interspecific crosses to improve canola (Brassica napus L.)". University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0167.
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[Truncated abstract] In order to expand the gene pool of canola-quality rapeseed (Brassica napus) reciprocal interspecific crosses were made between B. napus cv. Mystic and near canola-quality B. juncea breeding line JN29. F1 progeny from these crosses were used to make backcrosses to both parents in all possible combinations and directions, and were selfed to form F2-derived lines. The highest frequencies of viable F2 and BC1 progeny were obtained when B. napus was the maternal parent of the interspecific hybrid. BC1 and F2 progeny (and subsequent generations) were grown under field conditions to identify agronomic improvements over the parents. Transgressive segregation was observed in F2 and BC1 and in subsequent generations for agronomic traits (seed yield under high or low rainfall conditions, plant biomass, harvest index, height, branching and days to anthesis) and seed quality traits (oil, protein, glucosinolates, oleic acid). The majority of progeny conformed to B. napus morphology, and a minority segregated to B. juncea morphology in subsequent generations. Some of the B. juncea morphotypes had lower glucosinolates and higher oleic acid than the parent JN29, with no detectable erucic acid, and thereby conformed to canola quality. Methods were developed for tracing B-genome in interspecific progeny. A repetitive DNA sequence pBNBH35 from B. nigra (genome BB, 2n = 16) was used to identify B-genome chromosomes and introgressions in interspecific progeny. Specific primers were designed for pBNBH35 in order to amplify the repetitive sequence by PCR. A cloned sub-fragment of 329 bp was confirmed by sequencing as part of pBNBH35. PCR and hybridisation techniques were used on an array of Brassica species to confirm that the pBNBH35 subfragment was Brassica B-genome specific. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) in B nigra, B. juncea (AABB, 2n=36) and B. napus (AACC, 2n=38) showed that the pBNBH35 sub-fragment was present on all eight Brassica Bgenome chromosomes and absent from A- and C-genome chromosomes. The pBNBH35 repeat was localised to the centromeric region of each B-genome chromosome. FISH clearly distinguished the B-genome chromosomes from the A-genome chromosomes in the amphidiploid species B. juncea. This is the first known report of a B-genome repetitive marker that is present on all Brassica Bgenome chromosomes. ... The results suggest that novel B. napus genotypes have been generated containing introgressions of B-genome chromatin from B. juncea chromosomes. B. juncea morphology occurred in interspecific progeny with a chromosome complement similar to B. napus (2n = 38) and without the entire Bgenome present. It also is highly likely that recombination has occurred between the A-genome of the two Brassica species. This research has demonstrated that the secondary gene pool of B. napus may be accessed by selfing interspecific hybrids, and without sacrificing canola quality, if the B. juncea parent is near canola-quality. Interspecific progeny may be screened to enhance the proportion with B-genome positive signals. Some progeny with B. junceatype morphology had improved seed quality over the JN29 parent.
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Davies, Craig. "Air pollution and agricultural insect pests in urban and peri-urban areas of India : a case study of Varanasi". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369059.
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Khatoon, Hafeeza [Verfasser], R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Ulbrich-Hofmann, R. [Akademischer Betreuer] Golbik i U. [Akademischer Betreuer] Bornscheuer. "Phospholiase D from Indian mustards seeds : purification and enzymatic characterization / Hafeeza Khatoon. Betreuer: R. Ulbrich-Hofmann ; R. Golbik ; U. Bornscheuer". Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1033306630/34.
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Ketkar, S. S., A. S. Rathore, S. Lohidasan, L. Rao, Anant R. Paradkar i K. R. Mahadik. "Investigation of the nutraceutical potential of monofloral Indian mustard bee pollen". 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10497.
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NoThis study was designed to investigate the nutraceutical potential of monofloral Indian mustard bee pollen (MIMBP). MThe nutritional value of MIMBP was examined in terms of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and energy value. Its chemical composition in terms of total polyphenol and flavonoid content was determined. MIMBP was screened for free flavonoid aglycones by developing and validating a high-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array (HPLC-PDA) method. MIMBP was analyzed for in vitro antioxidant effect in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. MIMBP was found to be comprised of proteins ((182.2+/-5.9) g/kg), fats ((137.7+/-6.8) g/kg) and carbohydrates ((560.6+/-17.4) g/kg), which result in its high energy value ((17 616.7+/-78.6) kJ/kg). MIMBP was found to contain polyphenols ((18 286.1+/-374.0) mg gallic acid equivalent/kg) and flavonoids ((1 223.5+/-53.1) mg quercetin equivalent/kg). The HPLC-PDA analysis revealed the presence of kaempferol ((65.4+/-0.5) mg/kg) and quercetin ((51.4+/-0.4) mg/kg) in MIMBP, which can be used as markers for determining the quality of bee pollen. The MIMBP extract showed DPPH free radical-scavenging activity with a half maximal inhibitory concentration of 54.79 mug/mL. The MIMBP was found to be a rich source of nutrients providing high caloric value, which makes it a candidate for a potential nutraceutical agent. The study also illustrated the high antioxidant content of MIMBP, especially in the principle polyphenols and flavonoids, which suggests its potential role in the prevention of free radical-implicated diseases. The DPPH-scavenging effect of MIMBP further confirmed its antioxidant potential. Additionally, we developed a simple, specific and accurate HPLC-PDA method for the identification and quantification of free flavonoid aglycones. This can be applied in future screenings of the quality of pollen collected by honeybees.
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Wu, Yi-zhen, i 吳宜蓁. "Relationship between Cadmium Absorbed by Indian Mustard and Water Soluble Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids in Rhizosphere". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76141181165199539963.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
環境工程與管理系碩士班
96
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the heavy metals naturally present in soil environment.It is not the essential element for plant and animal growth. Moreover, it is highly toxic to most bio-organism.Further, it toxicity is 2 to 20 times higher than those of other heavy metals.Cd is the 4th of the most toxic metals to vascular plant. In the registered list of toxic substances and diseases in the United States of America, Cd is the 7th of the top ten of most hazardous toxic substances.Cd is thus regarded as a very severely pollutant.I will be toxic to plants or crops when total Cd concentration exceeds 8 mg kg–1 or soluble (bio-available) concentration exceeds 0.001 mg kg–1. Plant root system can assimilate, accumulate, and excrete many kinds of compounds. For examples, organic acids can alter soil physical and chemical properties and involve nutrient absorption and detoxification of heavy metals. The excreted organic acids can dissolve various metals and form complexes, leading to the alteration of mobility of heavy metals in soil environment. However, the study of plant remediation of polluted soil rarely investigates the relationship among Cd2+ and Cd in water extract of rhizosphere soil, water soluble organic acids, and Cd uptake by plant or crop roots.Crucifers have recently been verified to have the capability to absorb heavy metals.This study was thus to investigate the relationship between organic acids excreted from the roots of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and the amount of spiked Cd in sand culture of pot experiment.The Indian mustard was seeded and the seedlings were cultured for two weeks.At the end of the growth of Indian mustard for additional eight weeks, various concentrations of Cd (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg L–1) were amended to the sand culture of the pots.At the end of 0, 3rd, and 10th days of Cd amendment, the water soluble low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) were extracted from rhizosphere quartz sand and determined according to the recommended method.Correspondingly, total dissolved Cd and Cd2+ in the water extract of rhizosphere quartz sand and absorbed Cd in the aboveground part of Indian mustard at the end of 0, 3rd, and 10th days of Cd amendment were also determined.The results showed that the amounts of acetic, butyric, succinic, glyoxylic, and D-tartaric acids excreted from the roots of Indian mustard increased with increasing growth period.The Cd amendment concentration of 100 mg L–1 at the end of the 10th day, the amount of glyoxylic acid excreted from the roots of Indian mustard was the largest.Then the order of other acids was oxalic > L-(+) lactic > D-tartaric > acetic > butyric acid.The Cd amendment concentration of 100 mg L–1 at the end of the 10th day, the amounts of these acids excreted from the roots of Indian mustard were significantly larger than the amounts of corresponding acids for the other Cd amendment concentrations.Under various Cd amendment concentrations, the amount of Cd absorbed in the aboveground part of Indian mustard increased with its growth period and also with the Cd amendment concentration.Correspondingly, the amount of Cd absorbed by the roots of Indian mustard increased with increasing its growth period.Moreover, the Cd amendment concentration of 200 mg L–1 at the end of the 10th day, the amount of absorbed Cd by the roots of Indian mustard was significantly larger than those for the other three Cd amendment concentrations.It showed that the amount of Cd absorbed by the roots of Indian mustard significantly larger than that in the aboveground part.Further, the amount of water soluble LMWOAs was negatively correlated with the amounts of total dissolved Cd and Cd2+ in rhizosphere quartz sand, showing the effect of the excretion of water soluble LMWOAs from roots on the mobility of Cd and its subsequent absorption by plant roots.
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Hamlin, Russell Lawrence. "An investigation of the relationships between mineral nutrition and the phytoextraction of zinc by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea Czern.)". 2002. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3056234.
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Zinc is the heavy metal occurring in the greatest concentrations in the majority of wastes in modern, industrialized communities and is a common metal found at metal-polluted sites. Phytoextraction is a plant-based remediation technology aimed at the removal of metals from contaminated sites through the use of metal-accumulating plants. Although Indian mustard (Brassica juncea Czern.) has been identified as a moderate accumulator of Zn, little is known about the Zn-phytoextraction potential of this plant and whether or not mineral nutrition could be used to improve plant growth and Zn accumulation under Zn-contaminated conditions. The objectives of this research were to determine how the Zn phytoextraction potential of B. juncea is affected by: (a) the concentration of Zn in the nutrient medium; (b) the alleviation of Zn-induced Fe deficiency; (c) the molar % ratio of NH 4+ to NO3− and (d) the concentration of N and P in the nutrient medium. The pH of nutrient solutions generally decreased with: increasing Zn supply; decreasing Fe supply; and increasing proportion of NH4+-N in nutrient solutions. The ability of B. juncea to phytoextract Zn increased with increasing Zn supply initially, but then leveled off because the increase in shoot Zn concentration was accompanied by a suppression of shoot growth. Zinc-induced Fe deficiency was found to limit the effectiveness of B. juncea to phytoextract Zn, and increased P fertility appeared to exacerbate this problem. Alleviating Fe deficiency with root applied Fe-EDDHA had a limited effect on increasing Zn phytoextraction because Zn accumulation was suppressed with increasing Fe supply. Plants concentrated more Zn in shoots and roots if plants were supplied a high proportion of NO3 −, and increasing NH4+ nutrition enhanced growth. Zinc phytoextraction was maximized if plants were supplied 90% NO3−-N and 10% NH4 +-N. Zinc accumulation in shoots increased with increasing N and P supply, but the effect of N was greater. To the extent that N was a limiting factor for growth, N additions increased plant growth, but growth was not effected by P nutrition. Increased N fertility can increase Zn phytoextraction, but the effect of P nutrition is limited.
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Chen, Shih-Wen, i 陳詩文. "The Growth and Heavy Metal Accumulation of Three Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) Grown in Soils Contaminated by Copper, Zinc, Cadium and Lead". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30396822854513673974.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業化學研究所
93
Conventional cleanup technology is generally too costly, and often harmful to desirable soil properties (i.e., texture, organic matter) for the restoration of contaminated sites. More recently, increasing attention has been given to the development of a plant-based technology (phytoremediation) to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils without extensive excavation, disposal costs, and loss of topsoil associated with traditional remediation practices.The success of a phytoremediation process is dependent on adequate plant yield and high metal concentrations in plant shoots. The largest numbers of hyperaccumulating species in the world belong to Brassicaceae. The optimum plant for phytoextraction would be able to both tolerate and accumulate high levels of heavy metals and also grow with a high biomass yield. But there are many different species of Indian mustard in the world, and the growth and uptake of those Indian mustard are not clear. Therefore, the object of this study is to compare the growth and heavy metal accumulation of three Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) grown in soils contaminated by Copper, Zinc, Cadmium and Lead. The study site was located at the green house of National Taiwan University. The investigation was conducted from July 2004 to April 2005. Four salt solution were added to the air-dried soil to control the total concentration of four metals at 200, 400 mg Cu kg-1, 100, 200 mg Zn kg-1, 25, 50 mg Cd -1kg, 500, 1000 mg Pb kg-1. Three kinds of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) grown in soils contaminated by zinc, cadmium, lead or coppe. The soil moisture content was maintained at 60% of the water holding capacity, by weighing and adding deionized water. Soil solution were collected directly by RSMS after seeding 0 , 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 day. Test plants were harvested after seeding 35 days, then harvested plant were digested by the H2SO4/H2O2 digestion method. The concentration of Cu, Zn , Cd, and Pb in soil solution and plant digested solution were determinated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)(Perkin-Elmer 2000 DV). The total and available concentration of Cu, Zn , Cd, and Pb in soil were digested by aqua regia and EDTA, DTPA extractable methods , then determinated by atomic absorption spectrometry (Hitachi 180-30 type). The results indicated that the soil limiting concentrations of Cu and Zn of the three different species of Indian mustard were lower than 200 and 100 mg kg-1. The soil limiting concentration of Pb of the three different species of Indian mustard was 1000 mg kg-1, and the maximum Pb accumulation of the three Indian mustards was 200 mg kg-1, which was much lower than the accumulation of the Pb hyperaccumulator . The soil limiting concentration of Cd of the three different species of Indian mustard was 25 mg kg-1, and the maximum Cd accumulation of the three Indian mustards was 200 mg kg-1. It reaches the standard level of the Cd hyperaccumulator .The biomass of India and Pakistan Indian mustard were significantly higher than Afghanistan specie (p<0.05). There were no significant different of Cd accumulation between the three Indian mustard species. The Pb accumulation of the three Indian mustard species, the species of Afghanistan of Indian mustard was significantly higher than the species of Indian and Pakistan (p<0.05). The total Cd removal , the species of India and Pakistan were significantly higher than that of Afghanistan species (p<0.05). There were no significant different between the Pb removal of the three Indian mustard species. Harvestd at 7th day after applying EDTA, the Cd concentration of Indian mustard were increased form 200 to 330 mg kg-1, and the total removal of Cd were increased form 97 to 157 μg pot-1. Harvestd at 7th day after applying EDTA, the Pb concentration of Indian mustard were increased form 80 to 700 mg kg-1, and the total removal of Cd were increased form 38 to 250 μg pot-1. In conclusion, the ability of phytoremediation of the three species of Indian mustard are not different, and adding EDTA solution can significantly increase the uptake of heavy metal in contaminated soil.
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Lee, Yin-Chen, i 李縈榛. "Study on the growth effect of Chinese mustard（Brassica campestris subsp. chinensis L.）infected by Piriformospora indica". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35534846153006964295.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
植物科學研究所
97
Piriformospora indica (P. indica) is a new root endophytic fungus. It belonged to the Hymenomycetes of the Basidiomycota. P. indica interacts with the roots of various mono- and dicotyledonous plants, showing a positive effect on biomass production. In addition to this growth promoting effect, P. indica also has the potential to induce resistance to fungal disease and to increase the antioxidative activities of plants. Further more, after the infection of P. indica, plant becomes more tolerance to salt and drought. In this study, we used a model plant, Chinese mustard (Brassica campestris subsp. chinensis L.), for infection with P. indica. After inoculation for 7 days, Chinese mustard increased the amounts of lateral roots and root hairs. The fresh weight of plants, including above ground and under ground parts, were raised and the biomass of whole plants also became bigger. Screening with a subtractive cDNA library, we obtained a group of auxin-related genes. They can be classified into three parts: The first is related to cell wall acidification; the second is about auxin transport and the third is about auxin-signal transduction. These genes were in large up-regulated in the infected plant root. Moreover, the accumulated concentration of auxin in infected plant roots was higher than that in control plants. A transgenic Arabidopsis plant which has AUX1 gene-over expression was created. The transgenic plants have highly branched root systems and greater biomass than the wild type plants. We propose that the growth-promoting effect caused by P. indica is correlated with auxin metabolism.
Książki na temat "Indian mustard"
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Tyler, Dodge. Mustang desert. New York City: Leisure Books, 1999.
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Ambush at Mustang Canyon. New York: Leisure, 2009.
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Storm Runner, spirit horse: Mustang: book two. Clearmont, Wyo: BlackHills Press, 2013.
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Hobbs, Will. The Big Wander. New York: Avon Camelot, 1994.
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Hobbs, Will. The Big Wander. New York: Atheneum, 1992.
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The Big Wander. New York: Atheneum, 1992.
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Ashraf, Āg̲h̲ā. Āshob-i Pākistān: Tārīk̲h̲-i Pākistān kā alamnāk ḥādis̲ah : Pāk Bhārat jang Disambar 1971 kī mustanad va mukammal dastāvez, sih farīqī muʻāhadah tak. Lāhaur: Bisāt̤-i Adab, 1991.
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Ashraf, Āg̲h̲ā. Āshob-i Pākistān: Tārīk̲h̲-i Pākistān kā alamnāk ḥādis̲ah : Pāk Bhārat jang Disambar 1971 kī mustanad va mukammal dastāvez, sih farīqī muʻāhadah tak. Lāhaur: Bisāt̤-i Adab, 1991.
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Richter, Dana. Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron. Lincolnwood, Ill: Publications International, 2002.
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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Prepared Mustard in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Indian mustard"
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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott i R. W. Briddon. "Brassica juncea (Indian mustard/Rai)". W Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 292–93. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_131.
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Ghosh, S. K., A. Bhattacharjee, M. K. Maiti, A. Basu, D. Ghosh, S. Ghosh i S. K. Sen. "Genetic Engineering of Fatty Acid Composition of Indian Mustard Oil". W New Horizons in Biotechnology, 365–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0203-4_32.
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Adak, Tarun, i N. V. K. Chakravarty. "Appraisal of biophysical parameters in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) using thermal indices". W Oilseed Crops, 264–85. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119048800.ch15.
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Wang, Tianxin, Hao Liang i Qipeng Yuan. "Concentration of Sinigrin from Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Seeds Using Nanofiltration Membrane". W Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 497–507. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45657-6_52.
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Singh, Lal, Deepika Sharma, Nehanjali Parmar, Kunwar Harendra Singh, Rohit Jain, P. K. Rai, Shabir Hussain Wani i Ajay Kumar Thakur. "Genetic Diversity Studies in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss) Using Molecular Markers". W Brassica Improvement, 215–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34694-2_11.
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Raj, Deep, i Subodh Kumar Maiti. "Brassica Juncea (L.) Czern. (Indian Mustard): A Potential Candidate for the Phytoremediation of Mercury from Soil". W Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 67–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6887-9_7.
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Sharma, Vijay Paul. "Performance of Rapeseed and Mustard: Recent Trends, Prospects and Constraints". W Oilseed Production in India, 81–106. New Delhi: Springer India, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3717-4_5.
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Sahu, Mamta, Suman Devi, Pragya Mishra i Ena Gupta. "Mustard Is a Miracle Seed to Human Health". W Ethnopharmacological Investigation of Indian Spices, 154–62. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2524-1.ch012.
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Brassica juncea, known as Indian mustard, has been used for centuries for its nutritional and medicinal values. L. brassica is a genus of plants in the mustard family, Brassicaceae. The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants. Among the different varieties of mustard, the three principals are Brassica hirta or Alba (yellow-white), B. nigra (black), and B. juncea (brown). In Asian countries, India ranks first in mustard production, and mustard is the primary cooking oil used. In folkloric medicine, different parts of the plants are obtained to treat a wide variety of human aliments. Mustard seed is good source of protein, fibre, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, and phytonutrients. The plant has several health benefits acting as antimicrobial, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, antimalarial, etc. The present study aims to discuss the up to date information regarding the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological applications of mustard seed and its essential oil.
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Chand, Subhash, Om Prakash Patidar, Rajat Chaudhary, Ranjit Saroj, Kailash Chandra, Vijay Kamal Meena, Omkar M. Limbalkar, Manoj Kumar Patel, Priya P. Pardeshi i Prashant Vasisth. "Rapeseed-Mustard Breeding in India: Scenario, Achievements and Research Needs". W Brassica Breeding and Biotechnology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96319.
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Brassica spp., commonly known as rapeseed-mustard, plays a significant role in the Indian economy by providing edible oils, vegetables, condiments and animal feed. Globally, India holds second and third position in rapeseed-mustard area under cultivation and production, respectively. However, anthropogenically accelerated climate change thwarts yield potential of rapeseed-mustard by employing abiotic (drought, flood, temperature variation and salinity) and biotic (disease and insects) stresses. Various approaches such as molecular breeding, pre-breeding, −omics and biotechnological interventions have been used to develop varieties for improved yield and oil quality, climate resilient and resistance or tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this context, this chapter highlighted the different cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) sources and their potential use for hybrid development. At the end, this chapter also enlisted salient achievement by the government and non-government institutes and briefly described the future perspective for improvement of rapeseed-mustard in India.
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Bhol, Seema Gupta, Jnyana Ranjan Mohanty, Proshikshya Mukherjee i Prasant Kumar Pattnaik. "Selecting Location for Agro-Based Industry Using ELECTRE III Method". W Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 99–121. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9004-0.ch007.
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The Indian economy is driven by its agricultural sector. Industries based on agricultural produce are important as they give a competitive market for the agricultural production. Mustard is one of the major cash crops selected for this chapter. Mustard oil is used as cooking medium as well as other purpose in Indian households. Selecting the best location for setting up a mustard mill can be considered as a multiple criteria decision-making problem (MCDM), and ELECTRE III method is used and explained in detail to rank different location options in increasing order of suitability.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Indian mustard"
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Su, Yi, Fengxiang Han, Safwan Shiyab, Jian Chen i David L. Monts. "Accumulation of Mercury in Selected Plant Species Grown in Soils Contaminated With Different Mercury Compounds". W The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7123.
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The objective of our research is to screen and search for suitable plant species for phytoremediation of mercury-contaminated soil. Currently our effort is specifically focused on mercury removal from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites, where mercury contamination is a major concern. In order to cost effectively implement mercury remediation efforts, it is necessary now to obtain an improved understanding of biological means of removing mercury and mercury compounds. Phytoremediation is a technology that uses various plants to degrade, extract, contain, or immobilize contaminants from soil and water. In particular, phytoextraction is the uptake of contaminants by plant roots and translocation within the plants to shoots or leaves. Contaminants are generally removed by harvesting the plants. We have investigated phytoextraction of mercury from contaminated soil by using some of the known metal-accumulating plants since no natural plant species with mercury hyperaccumulating properties has yet been identified. Different natural plant species have been studied for mercury uptake, accumulation, toxicity and overall mercury removal efficiency. Various mercury compounds, such as HgS, HgCl2, and Hg(NO3)2, were used as contaminant sources. Different types of soil were examined and chosen for phytoremediation experiments. We have applied microscopy and diffuse reflectance spectrometry as well as conventional analytical chemistry to monitor the phytoremediation processes of mercury uptake, translocation and accumulation, and the physiological impact of mercury contaminants on selected plant species. Our results indicate that certain plant species, such as beard grass (Polypogon monospeliensis), accumulated a very limited amount of mercury in the shoots (<65 mg/kg), even though root mercury accumulation is significant (maximum 2298 mg/kg). Consequently, this plant species may not be suitable for mercury phytoremediation. Other plant species, such as Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), a well-studied metal accumulator, exhibited severe chlorosis symptoms during some experiments. Among all the plant species studied, Chinese brake fern (Pteris vittata) accumulated significant amount of mercury in both roots and shoots and hence may be considered as a potential candidate for mercury phytoextraction. During one experiment, Chinese brake ferns accumulated 540 mg/kg and 1469 mg/kg in shoots after 18 days of growing in soils treated with 500 parts-per-million (ppm) and 1000 ppm HgCl2 powder, respectively; no visual stress symptoms were observed. We also studied mercury phytoremediation using aged soils that contained HgS, HgCl2, or Hg(NO3)2. We have found that up to hundreds of ppm mercury can be accumulated in the roots of Indian mustard plants grown with soil contaminated by mercury sulfide; HgS is assumed to be the most stable and also the predominant mercury form in floodplain soils. We have also started to investigate different mercury uptake mechanisms, such as root uptake of soil contaminant and foliar mercury accumulation from ambient air. We have observed mercury translocation from roots to shoot for Chinese fern and two Indian mustard varieties.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Indian mustard"
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Li, Jiangxia, Jun Zhang, Steven Larson, John Ballard, Kai Guo, Zikri Arslan, Youhua Ma, Charles Waggoner, Jeremy White i Fengxiang Han. Electrokinetic-enhanced phytoremediation of uranium-contaminated soil using sunflower and Indian mustard. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), czerwiec 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/37237.
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Larson, Steven L., John H. Ballard, Fende Meng, Decheng Jin, Kai Guo, Liangmei Chen, Zikri Arslan i in. Influences of U sources and forms on its bioaccumulation in Indian mustard and sunflower. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), czerwiec 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/37275.
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