Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Indian Institute of History of Medicine”

In the 1990s, as Virginia Indians faced the 2007 quadracentennial of Jamestown's founding, they initiated plans to publicly correct inaccuracies and omissions embedded in the historical narrative. The Beyond Jamestown: Virginia Indians Past and Present Teachers' Institute was one such initiative through the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities' Virginia Indian Heritage Program. Designed for educators' professional development regarding Virginia Indian history and cultures, the Institute's first two years (2007 and 2008) featured a Virginia Indian-developed curriculum with both Native and non-Native presenters.;This qualitative, interpretivist study sought evidence of teaching at the interface of cultures by these invited presenters using pedagogy and curriculum as units of analysis, and questioned whether they shared an educational vision or paradigm despite different cultural backgrounds. The study revealed that the Institute demonstrated effective collaboration among presenters influenced by both Indigenous and European-American paradigms It exposed participating educators to a little-known period in Virginia history--the era of the Racial Integrity Act of 1924 and segregation--through the stories of tribal experts who experienced the attempted eradication of cultural identity. These oral histories contributed to the distinct Virginia Indian epistemology that emerged in the program. The BJTI also demonstrated Virginia Indians' 21st-century agency in inviting its non-Native presenters and participating educators to collaborate in decolonizing Virginia education.

In Bolivia, indigenous women's desires to give birth in an atmosphere of respect and cultural autonomy, as well as physicians' and politicians' attempts to mold the nation along racial lines, shaped the development of obstetric medicine. Based on oral histories of midwives, nurses and obstetricians, this study uses midwifery as a lens to examine the connections between nation-state formation and the development of obstetric medicine in Bolivia between 1900 and 1982. Putting midwives at the center of a study about nation-state formation reveals complexities that many male-centered studies miss: indigenous, mixed-race, and white Bolivian women played central roles in state projects and, through their embodiment of different forms of womanhood, influenced debates about Bolivian national identity. This study also engages groundbreaking feminist studies of the 1970s and '80s which showed that U.S. and European male physicians created obstetric medicine by pushing female midwives out of the practice. These physicians typically accused midwives of ineptitude and defined childbirth assistance as a scientific medical procedure that should not be practiced by women. While that pattern holds true in Bolivia to some extent, it does not explain the power dynamics that shaped childbirth assistance in Bolivia. Over the course of the twentieth century, Bolivian physician's desires to modernize childbirth assistance and childrearing practices intertwined with the efforts of Bolivia's elite to overcome what they considered the country's "Indian Problem."

Orientador: Maria Stella Martins Bresciani
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T18:09:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Correia_LucianaCristina_M.pdf: 2587452 bytes, checksum: d3f6b2d40f5947d83d018d008702c96b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O presente texto de dissertação analisa as relações entre medicina e espaço urbano presentes na cadeira de Higiene da Faculdade de Medicina de São Paulo, no período entre 1918 e 1928. A intenção é acompanhar e analisar o olhar dos médicos pertencentes ao departamento de Higiene para as cidades paulistas. Para tanto, primeiramente, recuperamos aspectos do campo médico paulista no início do século XX, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. Analisamos também as mudanças na legislação estadual que deu origem à Faculdade de Medicina, bem como a trajetória da Fundação Rockefeller, pois levamos em consideração o fato de que a cadeira de Higiene possuía um laboratório anexo, o Instituto de Higiene. Tanto a cadeira como o Instituto de Higiene são frutos de um acordo entre a Faculdade de Medicina e a Fundação Rockfeller. Assim, buscamos enfatizar em nossa leitura que a cooperação entre essas duas instituições coaduna-se com a atuação internacional da Fundação Rockefeller. Para analisar especificamente a estrutura da disciplina de Higiene, utilizamos os relatórios dos professores responsáveis pela disciplina no Instituto, enviados à Fundação Rockefeller e também a inspeção sanitária realizada pelo médico Mário da Costa Galvão em Mogi das Cruzes para demonstrar que o olhar dos médicos voltava-se especialmente para os equipamentos sanitários das cidades
Abstract: This text dissertation analyzes the relationship between medicine and urban space in the present chair of Hygiene, Medical School, São Paulo, between 1918 and 1928. The intention is to observe and analyze the look of doctors belonging to the department of Hygiene for the cities of São Paulo. To do so, first, we recover aspects of the medical field São Paulo in the early twentieth century, through literature. We also analyzed changes in state law that gave rise to the Faculty of Medicine as well as the trajectory of the Rockefeller Foundation since we take into consideration the fact that the chair had a laboratory attached, the Institute of Hygiene. Both the chair and the Institute of Hygiene are the result of an agreement between the School of Medicine and the Rockefeller Foundation. So we try to emphasize in our reading that the cooperation between these two institutions is consistent with international operations of the Rockefeller Foundation. To specifically analyze the structure of the discipline of Hygiene, we use the reports of teachers responsible for discipline in the Institute sent to the Rockefeller Foundation and also the sanitary inspection performed by the doctor Mario Costa Galvão in Mogi das Cruzes to demonstrate that physicians look-back especially for sanitation of cities
Mestrado
Politica, Memoria e Cidade
Mestra em História

This thesis uses the lens of building technology to examine cultural exchange and its relationship to the building crafts. By focusing on masonry vaulting in India, my research brings together two worlds – one that shines light on the variety of innovative masonry shell construction techniques that exist in the county and another that seeks to evaluate the scope of tile vaulting, an over 600-year old Mediterranean building technique, within India’s evolving building crafts culture. This thesis is organized in three parts: PART ONE Tile Vaulting and Relevance Today | A Brief History of Masonry Shells in India Part one introduces tile vaulting’s unique principles compared to other vaulting traditions while contextualizing its relevance to present day India. A survey of varied masonry vaulting techniques and modules, endemic and imported, practiced across India is presented against the backdrop of what is a predominantly reinforced concrete-based construction industry. PART TWO Modules, Methods and Motivations The second part of this research comprises case studies that include some of India’s most iconic buildings such as the Villa Sarabhai by Le Corbusier, the National Institute of Design by Gautam Sarabhai and Sangath by B.V. Doshi, each of which employed innovative construction techniques for its vaults. The production and use of the enigmatic ceramic fuses in India is examined for the first time alongside their indigenous cousins: burnt clay tubes. Together with Muzaffarnagar vaulting, the case studies reveal cultural motivations for architectural expression and production in postcolonial India. PART THREE Prototypes | Comparatives | Limitations & Extension of Research Part three presents five tile vaulting prototypes in India constructed with local artisans to gain understanding of its cultural reception, assess effective transfer of skills and potential internalisation. Recommendations for tile vaulting’s potential uptake into mainstream architectural production is evaluated by comparing findings against prevalent building methods and by contextualizing current architectural trends and social policy. Limitations and scope for extension of research are also discussed.

Castration has a long temporal and geographical span. Its origins are unclear, but likely lie in the Ancient Near East around the time of the Secondary Products Revolution and the increase in social complexity of proto-urban societies. Due to the unique social and gender roles created by castrates’ ambiguous sexual state, human castrates were used heavily in strongly hierarchical social structures such as imperial and religious institutions, and were often close to the ruler of an imperial society. This privileged position, though often occupied by slaves, gave castrates enormous power to affect governmental decisions. This often aroused the jealousy and hatred of intact elite males, who were not afforded as open access to the ruler and virulently condemned castrates in historical documents. These attitudes were passed down to the scholars and doctors who began to study castration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, affecting the manner in which castration was studied. Osteometric and anthropometric examinations of castrates were carried out during this period, but the two World Wars and a shift in focus meant that castrate bodies were not studied for nearly eighty years. Recent interest in gender and sexuality in the past has revived interest in castration as a topic, but few studies of castrate remains have occurred. As large numbers of castrates are referenced in historical documents, the lack of castrate skeletons may be due to a lack of recognition of the physical effects of castration on the skeleton. The synthesis and generation of methods for more accurate identification of castrate skeletons was undertaken and the results are presented here to improve the ability to identify castrate skeletons within the archaeological record.

When the New Zealand Government restructured the system of the public funding of research (1990-1992) it created Crown Research Institutes (CRIs) as companies operating in a global, market-led economy. One CRI, AgResearch, responded to this environment by corporatisation and instituted a normative system of control of workers which, through strategic plans, vision and mission statements, and performance appraisal processes, encouraged workers to adhere to company goals. This thesis, reporting on an ethnographic study of this CRI, shows how most scientific workers (technical workers and scientists alike) experienced insecurity through estrangement because the contributions they wished to make were less valued both in society and in their work organisation. They were excluded from participation in both organisational and Government policy-making, and felt they did not ‘belong’ anymore. Scientists in particular were also experiencing alienation (in the Marxist sense), as they were losing autonomy over the production of their work and its end use. Scientific workers developed tactics of compliance in order to resist these experiences and ostensibly comply with organisational goals while maintaining and protecting their self-identities, and making their work meaningful. Meanwhile, to outward appearances, the work of the CRI continued. This thesis adds to the sociology of work literature by extending the understanding of the concepts of compliance and resistance in white-collar work, particularly under normative control, by developing two models of resistance. It adds to the stories of the impact on public sector workers of the restructuring of this sector in New Zealand’s recent history, and develops implications for science policy and practice.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Two boarding schools existed in the state of Indiana to educate Native American children between the ages of six and eighteen. Both schools received a government contract to teach native students which provided the institutions with money for each student they enrolled. St. Joseph’s Indian Normal School in Rensselaer operated from 1888 to 1896. White’s Indiana Manual Labor Institute in Wabash educated Native American children as part of a government contract from 1882 until 1895. These two schools were not the only institutions to educate Native American students in Indiana. However, they are the only boarding schools referenced in the literature on native tribes in Indiana and the only institutions I have found referenced which participated in a government contract to educate native children. This thesis will study both institutions during the period of their government contracts from 1882 until 1896.

Background: Pain associated with childbirth is severe and women from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds tend to have less than optimal access to pain management during this period. This lack of access is a concern, as in Victoria, Australia, one in three pregnant women has been born overseas. Many are from India or Vietnam and speak languages other than English. At the same time, there is little research in Australia considering childbirth pain from the perspectives of immigrant women. Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of childbirth pain (including during pregnancy, birth and the postpartum) from the perspective of Indian and Vietnamese women living in Australia. Design: A qualitative approach, using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), was employed to explore participants’ pain experiences. IPA was chosen because it moves beyond pure description to explore the deeper meaning of experiences. Methods: Twenty-four pregnant women born in India or Vietnam participated in two in-depth interviews (prenatal and the postpartum). Findings: Two core themes, a culture in transition and universal experiences, emerged through the trajectory of pregnancy, birth and the postpartum. Cultural factors influenced participants’ information seeking, responses to labour pain, and decision making about pain relief. Similar factors shaped the postpartum experiences, with participants deciding whether to follow cultural customs that were aimed at preventing pain in later life. Ultimately, decisions about childbirth pain were informed by a fusion of personal choice and cultural customs within the background of a new environment. The second theme indicated that women, regardless of ethnicity and culture, had similar experiences. All desired reassurance as the birth approached. Women who had positive psychosocial support during birth and were satisfied with their experience of pain felt empowered. When women felt inadequately supported and fearful, they made decisions which later led to regret, disappointment and dissatisfaction with their experience of childbirth. Conclusion: Overall, this study has provided new insights into the experience of childbirth pain. Specifically, women from India and Vietnam experienced a transition in culture whilst preparing for and managing childbirth pain. It is anticipated that the knowledge gained from this study will enrich our understanding of this experience and generate better awareness of pregnant Indian and Vietnamese women’s needs related to childbirth pain. This thesis provides foundational information to support healthcare professionals to understand the dynamic landscape in which women from CALD backgrounds prepare for and manage childbirth pain. This understanding will inform future decisions. Ultimately, this information may help to inform care and to provide meaningful support for immigrant women.