Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Index construction

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Index construction”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 6 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Index construction"

Desai, Radhika, i Manisha Surti. "Optimum Portfolio Construction: Sharpe Single Index Model". International Journal of Scientific Research 2, nr 9 (1.06.2012): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/sep2013/82.

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Khan, Ghazal Zahid, i Mark A. Harrison. "Equity Index Construction". CFA Digest 42, nr 1 (luty 2012): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v42.n1.25.

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Broby, Daniel. "Equity Index Construction". Journal of Index Investing 2, nr 2 (31.08.2011): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jii.2011.2.2.036.

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Minchin, R. Edward, Michael I. Hammons i Junyong Ahn. "A construction quality index for highway construction". Construction Management and Economics 26, nr 12 (grudzień 2008): 1313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446190802621036.

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Jia, Liu, i Wu Haijian. "Construction of LogisticsStatistics Index System". International Journal of Economics and Management Studies 2, nr 5 (25.09.2015): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23939125/ijems-v2i5p102.

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Hajkowicz, Stefan. "Multi-attributed environmental index construction". Ecological Economics 57, nr 1 (kwiecień 2006): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.03.023.

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Mahmoud, Hasan, Vian Ahmed i Salwa Beheiry. "Construction Cash Flow Risk Index". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, nr 6 (13.06.2021): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14060269.

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As investment increases in capital projects, financial risks increase, and cash flow prediction and control become more paramount. Higher risks could hinder project performance and increase the chances of failure in multiple aspects of a project. While there are models that aim to assess and forecast risks in the construction industry, none present a technique to include the impact of risks on a project’s cash flow. Therefore, cash flow forecasts tend to exceed the actual cash flow of a project due to inaccurate risk assessment. Thus, this paper presents the Cash Flow Risk Index (CFRI) development process quantifying the impact of risks on a project’s cash flow from an owner’s perspective. To that end, the study explored the literature to identify the risk factors that might impact a construction projects’ cash flow and uncovered 44 factors. The study also validated and consolidated these factors to build a CFRI via a Delphi exercise, which reduced the factors from 44 to 36. In further iterations, the 36 factors were also shared with 32 construction industry professionals to rate their relative importance on a five-point Likert scale, from which relative importance index and weights were obtained. As a result, the CFRI was developed to measure the impact of different risk factors on a typical construction project’s cash flow.

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Zhao, Yang, i Binghua Li. "Construction of Ecological Performance Evaluation Index for Rural Construction". E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014301026.

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The construction of ecological performance evaluation index system of beautiful rural construction aims to promote the benign and high-quality development of rural ecological construction with the evaluation of rural ecological performance, and ultimately help to achieve the goal of regional "rural revitalization". Focusing on the ecological performance evaluation of rural construction in eastern Zhejiang Province, this paper screened and tested the evaluation indexes, and each index was given different weights based on the existing ecological performance evaluation index system combined with pre-selected evaluation indexes such as literature search and field research by means of expert consultation, questionnaire survey and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The evaluation index system of ecological performance of beautiful rural construction was initially constructed with 2 first-class indexes, 11 secondclass indexes and 29 third-class indexes in order to improve the rural ecological space environment, enhance the rural ecological civilization, develop the quality of life of villagers, and promote rural revitalization.

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Meade, Nigel, i Gerald R. Salkin. "Index Funds-Construction and Performance Measurement". Journal of the Operational Research Society 40, nr 10 (październik 1989): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2583396.

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Zhou, De Cai, Yi Qing He i Meng Yuan Huang. "Construction of China's Energy Condition Index". Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (wrzesień 2013): 1434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1434.

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Among the supply shocks on inflation, energy is one of the most important. In order to reflect energy condition’s impact on inflation comprehensively, referring the financial condition index, we construct China’s energy condition index by bring in 3 variables: China’s energy price, consumption and production. The empirical analysis’s result shows that the index has an ideal prediction to China’s inflation.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Index construction"

Steyn, Dirk. "Portfolio construction using index regression models". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4933.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-130).
In this dissertation we review the Sharpe Index Model and an innovation on this model introduced by Hossain, Troskie and Guo (2005b). These models are extended to the multi index framework. We then empirically investigate the impact of the models on portfolio creation over an extensive data set. Next we extend these models by modelling the regression residuals as ARMA and GARCH(l, 1) processes and investigate the effect on the resulting portfolios. We then introduce the topic of bounded influence regression and apply it to financial data by down weighting extreme returns prior to regression. A new weighting function is introduced in this dissertation and the effects on the efficient frontiers and resulting market portfolios for the chosen set of shares are investigated.

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Strevell, Alex. "Construction factors influencing beef demand index results". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18276.

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Master of Science
Department of Agricultural Economics
Ted Schroeder
Demand indices are used by many industries as a measurement tool to track changes and make yearly comparisons. Many different sources use demand indices to track the demand for beef. Indexes are an important tool to help better understand why demand shifts the way that it does and help strategically plan for the future of the industry. There are a wide variety of beef demand indices out in academia and many are constructed in different ways. This study advances the literature by testing which factors of index construction effect the results the greatest. This study tested four separate factors in the construction of demand indices. These iterations are as follows, changes in retail price data, changes in elasticities chosen, changes in export data, and changes in construction in terms of quantities instead of prices. Changes in retail price data do not appear to be statistically different. All estimates in this study where elasticities were changed appear to be different statistically, however the level of concern with this finding may be minimal due to the small increments of change in magnitudes of difference between indices. Results from omitting export data does appear to result in statistically different indices, but again the level of concern with the difference may be small. Finally, index construction in terms of prices versus construction in terms of quantities does not appear to have statistically different results, as the indices in this comparison move similarly. For all practical purposes in industry, it does not appear to matter which index is chosen for comparisons, as long as one remains consistent with which index is chosen for comparisons.

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Akintoye, Sunday Akintola. "Construction tender price index : modelling and forecasting trends". Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14768/.

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The thesis considers the construction tender price index, an important area of construction economics, and models are developed to fit the trends in this index. Between 1980 and 1987, the UK Building Cost Index produced by the Building Cost Information Service increased at an annual rate of 6.3% compared with Tender Price Index 3.3% and Retail Price Index at 6.7% per annum. This significant disparity between Tender Price and Building Cost Index is unexpected in view of the attributed importance of input prices in the tender price formation. This suggests that other factors apart from input prices may be responsible for the trends in building prices generally. The thesis reviews the pricing strategies of construction contractors leading to the conclusion that macroeconomic factors are equally important. A univariate analysis of 24 potential indicators of tender price trends identified some variables of importance. An analysis is described of these variables using the OLS system of regression analysis. Single structural equation model of construction tender price level is developed which offer structural explanation of the movements in the index. Indicators of construction price (in real terms) produced by the structural equation were found to be unemployment level, real interest rate, manufacturing profitability, number of registered construction firms, oil crisis, building cost index, construction productivity and construction work stoppages. A Reduced-form model of construction price is developed that utilises simultaneous equation models comprising construction demand, supply and equilibrium models - the reduced-form models being generally regarded as having better predictive power than structural equations. The model is validated by comparing its accuracy with forecasts produced by two leading organisations in U.K. The out-of-sample forecast errors of the reduced-form model are 2.78, 3.58, 4.28 and 5.59 RMSE percent over 0, 1, 2 and 3 quarter forecast horizons respectively, which are better than the Building Cost Information Service (3.32, 5.29, 7.57 and 9.96 RMSE percent) and Davis, Langdon and Everest (3.21, 5.01, 7.16 and 10.41 RMSE percent).

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Chang, Soon-woong. "Development and assessment of the Tier II Work Force Strategy Implementation Index". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3077617.

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Oliveira, de Azevedo Heloisa Helena. "The construction of teaching professionality". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116992.

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This article was prepared by the results of a research of a investigation about the formative strategies developed by educators related to the construction of the professionality of future childhood and elementary school teachers.From the analysis of the content of the interviews, we want to know what the educators think about the teaching profession and conducting training activities aimed at building the professionalism of future teachers.With theoretical bases for analyses related to the historical-critical conception of education, we inferred that educators have tried to break with the traditional paradigm of teacher’s education, creating new learning alternatives and stimulating the construction of a new professionality that overcomes the culture of isolated an individual thinking
El presente artículo fue construido a partir de los resultados de una investigación sobre las estrategias de formación desarrolladas por docentes vinculados a la construcción de la profesionalidad de futuros profesores de educación infantil y educación primaria. A partir del análisis del contenido de las entrevistas, se busca conocer lo que piensan los formadores acerca de la profesión docente y las acciones formativas que realizan, dirigidas a la construcción de la profesionalidad de futuros profesores. Teniendo como referencial teórico la concepción históricocrítica de la educación, se constata que los formadores han buscado romper con el paradigma tradicional de la formación docente, mediante el desarrollo de nuevas alternativas de aprendizajes y la construcción de una nueva profesionalidad que supere la cultura del aislamiento y del pensar individualizado

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Lester, Nicholas, i nml@cs rmit edu au. "Efficient Index Maintenance for Text Databases". RMIT University. Computer Science and Information Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070214.154933.

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All practical text search systems use inverted indexes to quickly resolve user queries. Offline index construction algorithms, where queries are not accepted during construction, have been the subject of much prior research. As a result, current techniques can invert virtually unlimited amounts of text in limited main memory, making efficient use of both time and disk space. However, these algorithms assume that the collection does not change during the use of the index. This thesis examines the task of index maintenance, the problem of adapting an inverted index to reflect changes in the collection it describes. Existing approaches to index maintenance are discussed, including proposed optimisations. We present analysis and empirical evidence suggesting that existing maintenance algorithms either scale poorly to large collections, or significantly degrade query resolution speed. In addition, we propose a new strategy for index maintenance that trades a strictly controlled amount of querying efficiency for greatly increased maintenance speed and scalability. Analysis and empirical results are presented that show that this new algorithm is a useful trade-off between indexing and querying efficiency. In scenarios described in Chapter 7, the use of the new maintenance algorithm reduces the time required to construct an index to under one sixth of the time taken by algorithms that maintain contiguous inverted lists. In addition to work on index maintenance, we present a new technique for accumulator pruning during ranked query evaluation, as well as providing evidence that existing approaches are unsatisfactory for collections of large size. Accumulator pruning is a key problem in both querying efficiency and overall text search system efficiency. Existing approaches either fail to bound the memory footprint required for query evaluation, or suffer loss of retrieval accuracy. In contrast, the new pruning algorithm can be used to limit the memory footprint of ranked query evaluation, and in our experiments gives retrieval accuracy not worse than previous alternatives. The results presented in this thesis are validated with robust experiments, which utilise collections of significant size, containing real data, and tested using appropriate numbers of real queries. The techniques presented in this thesis allow information retrieval applications to efficiently index and search changing collections, a task that has been historically problematic.

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Cho, Chung-suk. "Development of the project definition rating index (PDRI) for building projects /". Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Shrestha, Joseph, H. David Jeong i Douglas D. Gransberg. "Critical Analysis of Current Practices of Highway Construction Cost Index (HCCI) Calculation and Utilization". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5473.

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A proper understanding of the local construction market is essential for making appropriate project budgeting and planning decisions. State highway agencies typically use highway construction cost indexes (HCCIs) to understand the current market conditions. In the U.S. highway construction industry, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) pioneered the concept of a HCCI as an indicator of the national construction market. State Departments of Transportation (DOT) also started developing their state level HCCIs to better represent their state level construction markets. But, some state DOTs noted the lack of guidance to develop and update their HCCIs. This paper summarizes literature review and nationwide questionnaire survey results to identify the current practices of calculating and using HCCIs. There are two methods to generate basket of construction items for HCCI calculation: a) categorized market basket and b) item level market basket. The Fisher index is the most popular indexing formula among the state DOTs and is also recommended by the FHWA and International Monetary Fund (IMF). Despite many potential users of HCCIs, the current use of HCCIs is very limited in state DOTs.

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ERIC, AIDOO, i ZHENG SAIJING. "HAPPINESS INDEXTHE CONSTRUCTION AND ANALYSIS". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Statistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4853.

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This study aims to investigate the important indicators that contribute to happiness among Beijing residence. The residents of Beijing were taken as the target population for the survey. A questionnaire was used as the main statistical instrument to collect the data from the residents in Beijing. In so doing the investigation employs Factor analyses and chi-square analyses as the main statistical tools used for the analyses in this research. The study found that Beijing residents gained greater happiness in the family, interpersonal relationships, and health status. The analysis also shows that generally, the residence of Beijing feels happier and also in terms of gender basis, females in Beijing feel happier as compare to their male counterpart. It will find that gender, age and education are statistically significant when dealing with happiness.

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Ho, Ching-ching Mary, i 何晶晶. "Socially responsible investment indices in Asian markets : merging stakeholder theories with social construction for improved index construction methodology". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193511.

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The growth of the managed investment industry brings with it the potential for institutional investors to exert their influence on boards of listed companies to deliver strong and sustainable growth. The concepts of socially responsible investment (SRI), responsible investment (RI) or ethical investment (EI) have become part of mainstream investment practices in many financial markets. While SRI is largely a qualitative concept, its survival and adoption by the mainstream investment community may, in part, be due to the formalising of its concepts into language that investors, asset managers and analysts can more readily understand: the benchmark index. SRI indices may hold the key to attracting attention to ESG issues in listed corporates and to help bring about positive outcomes in sustainable development. Figures show SRI investments in emerging markets are minimal when compared to those in developed markets but emerging markets hold great potential for growth and development of these tools. This research develops a tool for bringing together social construction theory and stakeholder theory in understanding the construction of SRI Indices and in development of new indices. The core of this research is an analysis of SRI indices in three major emerging markets of Hong Kong, India and China, together with an analysis of different perspectives of SRI in Asia. The purpose is to identify opportunities to building SRI indices through a stakeholder engagement approach. The research was conducted over several phases between October 2008 and August 2010 and can be defined by three different studies: 1. a comparative study on SRI indices and their ESG criteria; 2. a comparative study on SRI indices and their stakeholder engagement approach; and 3. an analysis on the feasibility of building SRI indices in Asian markets. The findings from the three studies indicate three main arguments. First, ESG assessment and criteria of SRI indices does have an impact on the creditability and value of the SRI indices. Due to the lack of transparency on the ESG assessment and criteria, SRI investors and other stakeholder groups are deterred from adopting SRI indices as SRI tool. Second, stakeholder engagement is essential for SRI indices. And lastly, SRI indices in emerging markets, especially in the three studied markets, are attractive to both global and local SRI investors; however, these SRI indices need to include local ESG contexts to reflect the actual ESG concerns of the societies and avoid blindly following developed markets’ SRI index model, which in the end become unrealistic and unpopular to investors and stakeholder groups. We recommend that stakeholder engagement in index criteria and corporate assessment be widened and deepened; that governments and stock exchanges can play a pivotal role in SRI development and should take the lead. We also recommend that SRI indices strengthen the institution of corporate research to rely less on secondary data when making their corporate assessments.
published_or_final_version
Kadoorie Institute
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Książki na temat "Index construction"

Limited, Technical Indexes. Construction and civil engineering index. Bracknell: Technical Indexes Limited, 1997.

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Kirsh, Harvey J. Kirsh's index to Canadian construction law literature. Toronto: Thomson Carswell, 2007.

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Gao, Peiyong, Bin Zhang i Ning Wang. Research on China’s Public Finance Construction Index System. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5898-1.

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Zhu, Xiaohuang, i Song Lin. Equity Index Construction and Research on Wealth Gap. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9554-3.

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Akintoye, Sunday Akintola. Construction tender price index: Modelling and forecasting trends. Salford: University of Salford, 1991.

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Walton, Paul. New all share index: Implications of new FT-SE actuaries index construction planned for 1994. London: James Capel and Company, 1993.

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Fares, Hala. Cross-country comparison: Construction of the consumer price index (CPI). Cairo: The Egyptian Center for Economic Studies, 1997.

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Logan, Andrew. The construction of the Bank's new UK commodity price index. London: Bank of England, 1996.

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Gradient-Index Optical Systems Topical Meeting (1991 Monterey, Calif.). Gradient-index optical systems: Summaries of papers. Washington, DC: Optical Society of America, 1991.

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Davies, Graham. The Index of production and construction for Wales =: Mynegai cynhyrchu ac adeiladu Cymru. Cardiff: Welsh Office, 1990.

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Części książek na temat "Index construction"

Nardo, Michela. "Index Construction". W Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 3146–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_1397.

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Selvanathan, E. A., i D. S. Prasada Rao. "Construction of Index Numbers: A Review". W Index Numbers, 11–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23594-0_2.

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Land, Kenneth C. "Composite Index Construction". W Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, 1152–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_3317.

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"Index". W Construction Reliability, 325–29. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118601099.index.

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"Index". W Construction Law, 279–87. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118359150.index.

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"Index". W Construction Innovation, 203–5. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118655689.index.

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"Index". W Construction Supervision, 433–40. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118984024.index.

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"Index". W Construction Delays, 257–66. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-677-4.00021-0.

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"Index". W Sustainable Construction, 389–95. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-7506-6394-6.50020-5.

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"Index". W Under Construction, 217–26. Duke University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478007043-010.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Index construction"

"Index". W Construction Congress VI. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784404751.in.

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"Index". W Pipeline Engineering and Construction International Conference 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784406908.in.

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"Index". W Construction Institute Sessions at ASCE Civil Engineering Conference 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784405918.in.

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"Index". W International Conference on Sustainable Design and Construction (ICSDC) 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412046.in.

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Wang, Yu, Kunqi Zhang, Qingbin Cui i Felix Delgado. "P3 Bond Index: Construction and Performance". W Construction Research Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482858.004.

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Shanks, Vaughan R., i Hugh E. Williams. "Index construction for linear categorisation". W the twelfth international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/956863.956926.

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"Index Construction for Derivative Contracts". W 5th European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 1998. ERES, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres1998_144.

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"Author Index". W International Conference on Smart Infrastructure and Construction 2019 (ICSIC). ICE Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/icsic.64669.bm.

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"Index". W Ninth Biennial Conference on Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784407226.in.

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McCoy, Andrew P. "Towards Establishing an Innovativeness Index for Construction Sites". W Construction Research Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41020(339)10.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Index construction"

Josling, Timothy. Constructing a Composite Index of Market Access. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ag_ip_20090716b.

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Blair, Caitlin. Constructing a PCE-Weighted Consumer Price Index. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, październik 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19582.

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Benjamin, Daniel, Kristen Cooper, Ori Heffetz i Miles Kimball. Challenges in Constructing a Survey-Based Well-Being Index. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, styczeń 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23111.

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Fisher, R. E., G. W. Bassett, W. A. Buehring, M. J. Collins, D. C. Dickinson, L. K. Eaton, R. A. Haffenden i in. Constructing a resilience index for the Enhanced Critical Infrastructure Protection Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/991101.

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Mirindi, Patrice L., Mousumi Das, Patrick N. Mirindi i Suresh Chandra Babu. Constructing a nutrition deficiency index: Applications for the Democratic Republic of the Congo under a decade of humanitarian crises. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134251.

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Singhvi, Punit, Javier García Mainieri, Hasan Ozer i Brajendra Sharma. Rheology-Chemical Based Procedure to Evaluate Additives/Modifiers Used in Asphalt Binders for Performance Enhancements: Phase 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-020.

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The increased use of softer binders in Illinois over the past decade is primarily attributed to the increased use of recycled materials in asphalt pavement construction. The shift in demand of using PG 58-28 over PG 64-22 has resulted in potential alternative methods to produce softer binders more economically using proprietary products. However, there are challenges in using these proprietary products for asphalt modification because of uncertainty in their long-term performance and significant variability in binder chemistry. The current SuperPave performance grading specification for asphalt binders is insufficient in differentiating binders produced from these modifiers. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of various softener-type asphalt binder modifiers using a wide array of rheological and chemistry tests for their integration into the Illinois Department of Transportation’s material specifications. The small-strain rheological tests and their parameters allowed for consistent grouping of modified binders and can be used as surrogates to identify performing and nonperforming asphalt binders. A new parameter, Δ|G*|peak τ, was developed from the linear amplitude sweep test and showed potential to discriminate binders based on their large-strain behavior. Chemistry-based parameters were shown to track aging and formulation changes. The modifier sources were identified using fingerprint testing and were manifested in the modified binder chemical and compositional characteristics. The two sources of base binders blended with the modifiers governed the aging rate of the modified binders. Mixture performance testing using the Illinois Flexibility Index Test and the Hamburg Wheel-Track Test were consistent with the rheological and chemical findings, except for the glycol amine-based modified binder, which showed the worst cracking performance with the lowest flexibility index among the studied modifiers. This was contrary to its superior rheological performance, which may be attributed to lower thermal stability, resulting in high mass loss during mixing. According to the characterization of field-aged binders, laboratory aging of two pressurized aging vessel cycles or more may represent realistic field aging of 10 to 15 years at the pavement surface and is able to distinguish modified binders. Therefore, an extended aging method of two pressurized aging vessel cycles was recommended for modified binders. Two different testing suites were recommended for product approval protocol with preliminary thresholds for acceptable performance validated with field-aged data.

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