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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Incommensurability”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 25 lipca 2025

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1

Li, Chuang Tong. "Incommensurability revisited." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6628.

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In the dissertation, I propose to consider the vicissitudes of Thomas Kuhn's historical approach to science with an eye to clarifying his controversial notion of incommensurability. Although the notion of incommensurability, one of the most significant results of Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, has been much criticized in recent Anglo-American philosophy, I argue that it incorporates insights that are still worth reviving and defending. Moreover, since these insights derived from Kuhn's syntheses of the ideas of thinkers such as L. Fleck, A. Koyre, L. Wittgenstein, N. Hanson, M

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Elton, Candida. "Incommensurability : contemporary considerations: historical concerns." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364456.

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Kosub, Timothy Alexander. "A defence of Kuhn's incommensurability thesis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28254.

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Kuhn's incommensurability thesis is the claim that successive scientific theories often conflict not only logically but also normatively: i.e. they differ both about nature and also about the use of common apparatus, concepts and experimental results, and what are proper scientific goals and methods. Critics commonly object that Kuhn's thesis attacks such traditional scientific values as objectivity and rationality. But their strongest response can be expressed as a dilemma: either, if taken literally, the incommensurability thesis is self-contradictory; or, if that literal reading is rejected

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Boot, Martijn. "Incommensurability, incomplete comparability and the scales of justice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491571.

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This dissertation investigates the possible implications of incommensurability of values for practical reason and distributive justice. Under certain conditions incommensurability of values causes incomplete comparability' of options.

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Smith, Philip. "Kuhnian incommensurability between two paradigms of contemporary linguistics." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14562/.

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This dissertation proposes a theory of reference for the language of scientific theories. This theory of reference looks at the nature of postulation in scientific theories, and shows that mental posits are metaphorical in nature. It is a hybrid of internalist and extensive reference theories. This, allied with the competing epistemological assumptions of competing schools of linguistics, can account for the existence of incommensurability across two paradigms of linguistics. The relationship between transformational generative grammar and socio- linguistics is vexed. Both claim the same objec

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Reeve, Andrew F. "Incommensurability in ethics and in the philosophy of science." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51221.pdf.

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Fardell, B. P. "The structure of well-being : incommensurability, needs, and sufficiency." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1476165/.

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As it is discussed in philosophy, economics, and some other social sciences, well-being is very commonly conceived of and treated in quantificational terms. However, it is difficult, if not impossible to make room in the quantificational conception of well-being for any notion of sufficiency––of having enough in a sense that it is especially ethically significant that people attain. This difficulty with sufficiency is encapsulated by the Threshold Problem: that of non-arbitrarily specifying a sufficiency level on a scale of well-being. This thesis takes this difficulty and this problem as an o

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Seane, Warona. "O Kae? An Autoethnographic Dramaturgy Through A Deliberate Incommensurability." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32109.

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This study focuses on the erasure of the black woman from the mainstream theatre space of South Africa as a provocation towards the creation of a dramaturgical process that pivots around the notion of 'deliberate incommensurability' as a catalyst for exploration. 'deliberate incommensurability' is a term I have coined myself as it suggests an agency in the black woman as subject and object of study. I suggest the requirement for an autoethnographic inquest in carrying out the research, as the methodology used in the creation of the processes and products of the study was Practice as Research (

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9

Rea, Matthew T. "Policy, values & incommensurability : the Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Project /." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040628/.

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Gilson, Cedric Charles. "Resources for mediating the incommensurability of science and law in legal contexts." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442108.

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Demir, Ipek. "Traditions, change and incommensurability : an assessment of the works of Thomas Kuhn and Alasdair Macintyre." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413318.

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Pienaar, Catherina Elixabeth. "The incommensurability of the archaic perceptions of the maxim res ipsa loquitur in medical negligence litigation." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24513.

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This thesis assesses the legal doctrine res ipsa loquitur ('the thing speaks for itself) in the context of delictual claims for compensation for medical negligence in South African law. The thesis accepts that the doctrine is defensible in principle: a civil court may justifiably draw an inference that a defendant's negligent conduct was a factual cause of the harm suffered in simple cases where there is uncontradicted evidence sufficient to establish a prima facie case. However, it is argued that the South Africa Appellate Division's rejection of the doctrine in the context of medical neglige

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13

Kilian, Monika. "Community and incommensurability: Modern and postmodern modes of thought and (post)modern vacillations in Enzensberger's writing." Thesis, Kilian, Monika (1996) Community and incommensurability: Modern and postmodern modes of thought and (post)modern vacillations in Enzensberger's writing. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52969/.

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This thesis examines postmodern challenges to the modern understanding of subjectivity, reality, rationality and morality and uses the work of Hans Magnus Enzensberger to exemplify and comment on the debates between modern and postmodern thought. The modern and the postmodern are presented as modes of thought (rather than as specific theories) that are defined by the way their respective discourses are conducted. This thesis shows how modern and postmodern ways of thinking approach the concepts of the subject and the Self, the notions of reality, truth and representation, the problem of mo

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Stobbs, Nigel. "Mainstreaming therapeutic jurisprudence and the adversarial paradigm—incommensurability and the possibility of a shared disciplinary matrix." Thesis, Bond University, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63846/1/Stobbs_Thesis_Submit_PhD_2013.pdf.

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Problem-solving courts appear to achieve outcomes that are not common in mainstream courts. There are increasing calls for the adoption of more therapeutic and problem-solving practices by mainstream judges in civil and criminal courts in a number of jurisdictions, most notably in the United States and Australia. Currently, a judge who sets out to exercise a significant therapeutic function is likely to be doing so in a specialist court or jurisdiction, outside the mainstream court system, and arguably, outside the adversarial paradigm itself. To some extent, this work is tolerated but margina

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Stackle, Erin. "Rectangular Cows or Another Bad Tragedy? An Aristotelian Solution to the Incommensurability of Mathematics and Material Things." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3729.

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Thesis advisor: Arthur Madigan<br>Since at least Galileo, not only the technological abilities of natural science but the meaning of science's claims have been shaken to their very foundations, according to Edmund Husserl. We know what scientists say, but we do not know what they mean. Nor, Husserl claims, do they know what they mean. They do what works. They measure, they tabulate, they calculate. But they do not thereby really know the world. And since they are the standing authorities of knowledge in our culture, we do not have a reliable referent to which we can turn for an appropriate sta

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Rekret, Paul. "Relationality, polemics, incommensurability : thinking the political at the intersections of the work of Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/603.

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This thesis is focused on the intersections of ontology and politics in the work of Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida. In particular it concerns the ways in which these two thinkers offer accounts of (ethical, social, political) relations which exceed a traditional dichotomy between transcendentalism and empiricism. Both Derrida and Foucault show universal foundations to originate in an anterior play of differences 'between' the transcendental and empirical. However, as this thesis shows, each thinks this anterior 'medium' of relations in radically incommensurable ways: as differance or apor

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Baker, Ian. "What money can't buy : the status of financial evaluation." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0161.

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Sperandio, Caio Sievers [UNIFESP]. "Incomensurabilidade: uma questão epistemológica ou de linguagem." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/39290.

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Submitted by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-23T19:27:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-caio-sievers-sperandio.pdf: 854209 bytes, checksum: 2b792c063fb149e03dbd294127cb0ac1 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-23T19:28:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-caio-sievers-sperandio.pdf: 854209 bytes, checksum: 2b792c063fb149e03dbd294127cb0ac1 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-23T19:28:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-caio-sievers-sperandio.pdf: 854209 bytes, checksum: 2b792c063fb149e03dbd294127cb0

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Arnold, Robert V. "Theory, Method, and Democracy in the Social Sciences." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1212757204.

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Gattei, Stefano. "Incommensurability, rationality and the search for truth : a critical assessment of Thomas Kuhn's philosophy in the light of twentieth century's crisis of foundationalism." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404078.

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Wolff, Neto Carlos Gustavo. "Incomensurabilidade sem paradigmas: a revolução epistemológica de Thomas Kuhn." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2007. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2028.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T21:01:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 24<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>O cenário geral da filosofia da ciência no século XX foi principalmente desenhado pelos traços epistemológicos do Positivismo Lógico e seu verificacionismo, pelo falsificacionismo popperiano, pelos programas de pesquisa lakatianos, pelo anarquismo epistemológico de Paul Feyerabend e pela filosofia da ciência de Thomas Kuhn. A partir desse cenário geral, esta dissertação analisa os aspectos principais da filosofia da ciência

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Leão, Aroldo Ferreira [UNESP]. "Euclides e a incomensurabilidade: o profundo tear das abrangências - os sumos e segredos do Livro X." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151830.

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Submitted by AROLDO FERREIRA LEÃO null (aroldoleao@gmail.com) on 2017-10-03T15:04:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE - VERSÃO FINAL PDF.pdf: 3579912 bytes, checksum: 7de711208698b6061ca5c67c58f31a03 (MD5)<br>Rejected by Monique Sasaki (sayumi_sasaki@hotmail.com), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo a orientação abaixo: O arquivo submetido está sem a ficha catalográfica. A versão submetida por você é considerada a versão final da dissertação/tese, portanto não poderá ocorrer qualquer alteração em seu conteúdo após a aprovação. Corrija esta informação e realize um

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23

O'Loughlin, Ryan J. "Thomas Kuhn and Perspectival Realism." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1492101047707282.

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Okunauskas, Aurimas. "Paradigmos sąvoka Thomo S. Kuhno mokslo filosofijoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140722_145311-26121.

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Paradigmos sąvokos išklaida chronologiškai sekant T. Kuhno minties raidą. Aptariami trys paradigmos sąvokos raidos etapai ir kai kurios implikacijos, pavyzdžiui nebendramatiškumas ir sąntykis su Karlo Popperio kritiniu racionalizmu.<br>Thomas Kuhn's concept of paradigm is expounded by chronologically following his publications. Three different stages of development of the concept are analysed and then compared to Karl Popper's critical rationalism.

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Carneiro, João Alex Costa. "A teoria comparativa do conhecimento de Ludwik Fleck: comunicabilidade e incomensurabilidade no desenvolvimento das ideias científicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-08012013-150309/.

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A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento da proposta fleckiana de uma teoria comparativa do conhecimento, seu estatuto epistemológico, bem como o diagnóstico de algumas de suas dificuldades teóricas. Defenderemos o caráter potencialmente científico de sua teoria e indicaremos que a incomensurabilidade entre estilos de pensamento constitui o problema mais imediato para sua efetivação. Nesse ínterim, sintetizaremos as principais diretrizes metodológicas esboçadas em sua teoria, entendida como um programa de pesquisa aberto, e indicaremos possíveis desdobramentos futuros

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Guitarrari, Robinson. "Incomensurabilidade e racionalidade científica em Thomas Kuhn: uma análise do relativismo epistemológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-06012012-113835/.

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O debate atual sobre a racionalidade científica tem envolvido uma tomada de posição quanto ao relativismo epistemológico. Um dos focos do debate consiste na superação do relativismo presente em pronunciamentos de Thomas Kuhn sobre a escolha científica. Procurando libertar-se de um relativismo kuhniano nas justificações de escolhas científicas, Hilary Putnam e Larry Laudan apresentam estratégias bastante distintas. Putnam vê incoerências autodestrutivas em tal relativismo, especialmente por duas razões: sua formulação seria auto-refutante e, quanto aos atributos cognitivos, essa posição não per

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Castro, Hernandez Jorge Alberto. "Rural Territorial Development in the midst of the conflict." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/rural-territorial-development-in-the-midst-of-the-conflict(490b4f28-217d-4d3f-95e2-7c0c30118eba).html.

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The aim of this dissertation is to provide a critical understanding of a Rural Territorial Development (RTD) intervention in a context of conflict dynamics, by looking at the case of the Programme for Development and Peace in Middle Magdalena (PDPMM) - Colombia. To accomplish this task the research process discussed both theoretical and empirical inputs. Firstly, a theoretical framework was developed to understand the dynamics of the development-conflict nexus in rural territories. Secondly, supported by the examination of a case-study, systematic empirical information was collected, incorpora

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Spash, Clive L., and Clemens Gattringer. "The Economics and Ethics of Human Induced Climate Change." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5073/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2016_02.pdf.

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Human induced climate change poses a series of ethical challenges to the current political economy, although it has often be regarded by economists as only an ethical issue for those concerned about future generations. The central debate in economics has then concerned the rate at which future costs and benefits should be discounted. Indeed the full range of ethical aspects of climate change are rarely even discussed. Despite recent high profile and lengthy academic papers on the topic the ethical remains at best superficial within climate change economics. Recognising the necessary role

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Silva, Paulo Pirozelli Almeida. "Thomas Kuhn e a concepção semântica de incomensurabilidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-08112013-095120/.

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Thomas Kuhn foi um dos mais importantes filósofos da ciência do século XX. Entre suas principais contribuições, destaca-se a tese da incomensurabilidade das teorias científicas. O presente trabalho visa mostrar como tal tese, apresentada originalmente no livro A estrutura das revoluções, de 1962, foi modificada por Kuhn ao longo dos anos, com foco em seus últimos artigos, escritos entre as décadas de 1980 e 1990. A incomensurabilidade é reduzida então a uma relação semântica restrita a certos pontos da linguagem (incomensurabilidade local). A fim de explicar como isso é possível, Kuhn é levado

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Santos, Walkíria Corrêa dos. "As ideias envolvidas na gênese do teorema fundamental do cálculo, de Arquimedes a Newton e Leibniz." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10872.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Walkiria Correa dos Santos.pdf: 2202936 bytes, checksum: 0b47cf76b6ab7f2053830abc5b6950c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-13<br>Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo<br>This paper seeks to contribute to the study of the main ideas that involve the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (FTC) from the Mathematics in Ancient Greece to contributions of Newton (1642 - 1727) and Leibniz (1646 - 1716), the seventeenth century. Given the scope of this theme, we focus our attention on the question of Incommensurability

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Palm, Joakim. "Förnuftet och rätten : John Finnis naturrättslära." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-158130.

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John Finnis is one of the seminal contemporary jurisprudential thinkers working within the natural law tradition. His Natural Law and Natural Rights, first published in 1980, has had a significant impact and stands as a centerpiece of modern natural law theory. It is at once a work of ethics, political philosophy as well as jurisprudence. The starting point of his theory of natural law consists in concepts such as basic human goods, practical reasonableness and the common good. These concepts provide the foundation for his analysis of communities and society as well as the legal system. This

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Medjesky, Christopher A. "The Logic of Ironic Appropriation: Constitutive Rhetoric in the Stewart/Colbert Universe." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1339867462.

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Carella, Rosario Luigi. "I numeri reali: dalle grandezze incommensurabili all'aritmetizzazione dell'Analisi." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13515/.

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Scopo della presente tesi è quello di descrivere i momenti fondamentali che hanno caratterizzato lo sviluppo del concetto di numero reale. A partire dalla scoperta delle grandezze incommensurabili, e passando attraverso la risoluzione di tale "trauma" grazie alla teoria delle proporzioni sviluppata da Eudosso di Cnido nella prima metà del secolo IV a. C. - pervenutaci attraverso il Libro V degli Elementi di Euclide - si arriverà alla data simbolica del 1872, anno a cui risalgono le fondamentali pubblicazioni di Cantor e Dedekind, che daranno una sistemazione teorica definitiva al campo dei nu

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Corbo, Olga. "Seção áurea: um contexto para desenvolver a noção de incomensurabiblidade de segmentos de reta." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10820.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_olga_corbo.pdf: 11888785 bytes, checksum: 9fd54776e71e1d194c1bd940375f91fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-16<br>We have conducted this study to contribute to education of future teachers, by proposing the use of golden section as a context to explore the notion of incommensurable magnitudes. We have based our study on the notion of jeux de cadres , introduced by Douady (1986) in Mathematics Didactic, and used the Didactic Engineering research methodology. Our research was developed on the follow

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35

Labidi, Olfa. "RELATIONS STRUCTURES-PROPRIETES DANS LE SYSTEME Bi2O3-PbO-V2O5 : SURSTRUCTURES, POLYMORPHISME, INCOMMENSURABILITE et CONDUCTIVITE." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199221.

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Ce travail concerne la recherche de nouveaux matériaux à base de bismuth à propriétés spécifiques plus performantes, ou l'amélioration de propriétés de matériaux connus telles que la conduction ionique pour leur intérêt, en particulier dans le domaine énergétique. Dans le système Bi2O3-PbO-V2O5, notre travail a porté tout d'abord sur le domaine riche en bismuth. La structure du composé PbBi6V2O15 a été déterminée. Le problème de discernement par diffraction X de Bi3+ et de Pb2+ a été abordé par le remplacement du plomb par d'autres cations M2+ tels que Sr2+, Ca2+ et Cd2+. Les déterminations st

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Laabidi, Olfa. "Relations structures-propriétés dans le système Bi2O3-PbO-V2O5 : surstructures, polymorphisme, incommensurabilité et conductivité." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_286.pdf.

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Ce travail concerne la recherche de nouveaux matériaux à base de bismuth à propriétés spécifiques plus performantes, ou l'amélioration de propriétés de matériaux connus telles que la conduction ionique pour son intérêt en particulier dans le domaine énergétique. Dans le système Bi2O3-PbO-V2O5, notre travail a porté tout d'abord sur le domaine riche en bismuth. La structure du composé PbBi6V2O15 a été déterminée. Le problème de discernement par diffraction X de Bi3+ et de Pb2+ a été abordé par le remplacement du plomb par d'autres cations M2+ tels que Sr2+, Ca2+ et Cd2+. Les déterminations stru

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Rossit, Julien. "Fusion d'informations incertaines sans commensurabilité des échelles de référence." Thesis, Artois, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ARTO0405/document.

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Le problème de fusion d’informations survient dès qu’il faut prendre en compte des bases de données distribuées, des systèmes multi-agents ou des informations distribuées en général. La plupart des approches de fusion proposées dans la littérature reposent sur des opérateurs d'agrégation : ceux-ci combinent les degrés de cohérence des différentes interprétations vis-à-vis des sources à fusionner, eux-même fortement dépendants des poids que ces sources accordent à leurs propres croyances. Mais lorsque les sources ne partagent pas une signification commune des poids qu'elles utilisent, quel sens

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Zhang, Feng-Yun. "Commensurabilité et incommensurabilité dans des systèmes magnétiques frustrés à base de terres rares (RA1Ga et RGa2)." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10212.

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L'etude des composes rga#2 et ra1ga (r=ho et dy) par differentes methodes experimentales a montre la richesse des proprietes magnetiques macroscopiques et microscopiques resultant de la frustration des interactions d'echange. Les structures magnetiques, modulees en amplitude juste en dessous de t#n, deviennent toutes antiferromagnetiques simples a basse temperature. Cette evolution est soit progressive soit brutale avec une transition incommensurable-commensurable du vecteur de propagation. Des processus metamagnetiques a sauts multiples sont observes a basse temperature. Il en resulte des dia

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Bursztein, Jean-Gérard. "Incommensurabilité entre psychanalyse et neurosciences : réflexion à partir du Projet-programme freudien (phi, psi, omega) de 1895." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100063.

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La thèse porte sur le statut scientifique de la psychanalyse sur la transformation du principe d'inertie sur l'incommensurabilité entre psychanalyse et neurosciences. Elle se compose de trois parties : 1° explication du projet Freudien de 1895 2° situation du projet Freudien de 1895 dans l'histoire des sciences (HELMHOLTZ) 3° critique et incommensurabilité entre psychanalyse et neurosciences<br>This thesis deals with the scientific status of psychanalysis of the transformation of the principe of inertia. It is composed in three parts : 1° exploration of the Freudian project of 1895 2° situatio

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Magro, Tamires Dal. "CRITÉRIOS DE DECISÃO ENTRE HIPÓTESES RIVAIS NAS TEORIAS HISTORICISTAS DA RACIONALIDADE CIENTÍFICA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9126.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The publication of Thomas Kuhn s The structure of scientific revolutions is considered a watershed in the philosophy of science for having presented scientific knowledge as produced by a dynamic and historically situated process. Many of the concepts introduced by the author sparked controversy in the initial reception of this work. We highlight in this dissertation Kuhn s theses on scientific revolutions, incommensurability, and scientific choice between rival hypothesis, which were interpreted by authors such as Popper, Lakatos,

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Arduin, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Vers une métrique de la commensurabilité des schémas d'interprétation." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933996.

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La connaissance, parce qu'elle est le résultat de l'interprétation par un individu d'une information, ne peut pas toujours être manipulée comme un objet. C'est en filtrant au travers de nos schémas d'interprétation les informations qui nous parviennent que nous créons des connaissances. La commensurabilité des schémas d'interprétation est un concept abstrait se basant sur une règle assez floue : plus il est probable que la même information prenne le même sens pour plusieurs individus, plus leurs schémas d'interprétation sont commensurables ; moins il est probable que la même information prenne

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AID, KARIM. "Incommensurabilite et stoechiometrie des surfaces d'alliages ternaires (in,ga)as etudiees par diffusion des rayons x en incidence rasante." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077003.

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La determination des structures cristallographiques des surfaces de semiconducteurs joue un role preponderant dans la comprehension de leurs proprietes physiques. Lors de la croissance par jets moleculaires de l'alliage ternaire (in,ga)as contraint sur gaas(001), un phenomene de segregation de l'indium en surface se produit. La diffraction des rayons x en incidence rasante (dxir) s'est averee une methode experimentale puissante pour etudier les alliages de surface formes. Des mesures de dxir ont permis de reveler un ordre chimique des cations dans la maille unite de la surface reconstruite (2

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LEYNAUD, OLIVIER. "Etude de chalcogenures et oxychalcogenures de terres rares et metaux de transition a structuration bidimensionnelle : cristallochimie, magnetisme et incommensurabilite." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2040.

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De nombreux composes, tant naturels que synthetiques, presentent une organisation structurale bidimensionnelle sous forme de feuillets, qui peuvent etre uniques, intercales, ou bien differents dans des materiaux composites. Le manuscrit presente les resultats d'etudes realisees sur plusieurs familles de ces materiaux, a savoir des chalcogenures et oxychalcogenures de terres rares et metaux de transition, d'un point de vue cristallochimique et magnetique. Les etudes magnetiques au squid indiquent de tres fortes interactions dans le cas des composes 2d-misfit (une couche magnetique separee par c

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Toffano, Zeno. "Raies R. M. N. Dans les métaux organiques (TMTSF)₂PF₆ et (TMTSF)₂Cl O₄ : incommensurabilité de l'onde de densité de Spin." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112326.

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Dans l’état d’onde de densité de spin (ODS) des conducteurs organiques (TMTSF)₂ClO₄ et (TMTSF)₂PF₆, l’amplitude du paramètre d’ordre et le vecteur de nesting Q̅ sont déterminés à partir d’une analyse détaillée de la forme de raie R. M. N. Des protons des groupes méthyles, pour diverses orientations du champ. Dans l’état métallique (paramagnétique), la rotation rapide par effet tunnel de deux groupes méthyles inéquivalents donne une raie centrale et deux paires de satellites avec des déplacements variables suivant l’orientation du champ magnétique, en bon accord avec la théorie. Dans l’état ond

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Annabi-Aberkane, Farida. "Étude des transitions de phase à basse température du composé d'insertion du graphite : C₈Br." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112061.

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Le présent travail a permis d'une part d'aborder une analyse structurale des phases température ambiante (TA)et basse température (BT) du composé d'insertion du graphite C8Br (stade 2)et d'autre part d'étudier la transition de phase incommensurable (TA)- commensurable (BT)des couches de brome ainsi que l'évolution des corrélations intercouches. Cette étude a été réalisée en mesurant et caractérisant les réflexions (hkl) de la structure de brome obtenues par deux méthodes de diffraction des rayons X : la méthode de précession et L'utilisation d'un diffractomètre. A température ambiante (TA), le

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Simonson, Thomas. "Analyse structurale de l'onde de polarisation d'un isolant incommensurable : la thiourée : application à la phase longue période "1/9"." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112146.

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Ce travail est consacré à l'analyse structurale de l'onde de polarisation dans un composé isolant incommensurable la thiourée. La forme microscopique de la modulation et son anharmonicité reflètent de façon intime les interactions existant dans le système. L'onde de modulation est décrite à l'aide d'un modèle de Landau displacif. Le paramètre d'ordre comprend une onde de distorsion primaire, et une série d'harmoniques de distorsion. A partir de sa symétrie, on peut discuter la symétrie et la stabilité des différentes phases accrochées possibles. Ce modèle a permis d'affiner la structure de la

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Chauvin, Michèle. "Effet mémoire d'un composé incommensurable isolant : la thiourée deutériée : mesure par susceptibilité électrique et biréfringence linéaire." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112067.

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Ce travail est consacré à l'étude de "l'effet mémoire" se dans la phase modulée incommensurable d'un isolant : Cet effet est la signature d'un réseau de défauts mobiles capables de s'ordonner selon la périodicité spatiale de la modulation (par couplage défauts-modulation). En retour un tel réseau de défauts, une fois, ordonné, peut provoquer un blocage de la périodicité de la modulation. Cet effet de mémoire parait être une propriété générale de toutes les structures modulées. La susceptibilité électrique et la biréfringence linéaire optique sont des grandeurs couplées au paramètre d'ordre de

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Recchiuti, Federica. "L'irrazionalità. Un caso di studio sull'uso della storia nella trasmissione del sapere matematico." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9032/.

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L’impiego della storia della matematica è auspicato oggi più di ieri dalle attuali Indicazioni nazionali per i Licei ed è supportato da numerosi quadri teorici,che traghettano la storia della matematica dalle rive dell’essere artefatto all’essere conoscenza. In particolare nel secondo paragrafo del primo capitolo di questa tesi vengono presentati gli ostacoli epistemologici di Guy Brousseau, l’approccio socio-culturale di Louis Radford, l’approccio ”voci ed echi” di Paolo Boero ed infine lo spaesamento di Barbin. Nel terzo paragrafo vengono analizzati quei contributi che mirano a rendere più o

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Gaillot, Anne-Claire. "Caractérisation structurale de la birnessite : Influence du protocole de synthèse." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005304.

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La birnessite est un oxyde de manganèse lamellaire dont les feuillets sont composés d'octaèdres MnO6. La présence dans ces feuillets de cations Mn hétérovalents ou de lacunes induit un déficit de charge compensé par la présence de cations hydratés dans l'espace interfoliaire. Les oxydes de manganèse jouent un rôle fondamental pour le devenir de nombreux polluants organiques ou métalliques dans l'environnement, mais la connaissance imparfaite de leur structure limite la modélisation de cet impact. Le but de ce travail était de recenser et de classifier les différentes variétés de birnessites ob

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Sakly, Nahed. "Investigations structurale et physique du système d'oxydes à chaînes de spins Ising (Sr, Ca)1+xCoxMn1-xO3." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC232.

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Ce manuscrit présente l’étude expérimentale des propriétés structurales et physiques d’une série de composés à chaînes de spins Sr4−xCaxCoMn2O9, appartenant à la famille d’oxydes A1+X(A’XB1−X)O3. Dans cette série, les chaînes 1D sont constituées des octaèdres MnO6 et prismes trigonaux CoO6 reliés par les faces, et réparties sur un réseau triangulaire avec un couplage antiferromagnétique entre elles. Ces chaînes présentent une forte anisotropie magnétique de type Ising provenant du cation Co2+ (HS, 3d7, S = 3/2). D’abord, l'étude structurale de ces chaînes révèle qu’elles peuvent être incommens

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