Artykuły w czasopismach: „INCIDENT PRESSURE”

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Xu, Ying, Jinjin Ge i Wei Huang. "Energy Analysis on Dynamic Fragmentation Degree of Cemented Sand Specimens under Confining Pressure". Shock and Vibration 2019 (27.03.2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5893957.

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In order to study the fragmentation energy dissipation characteristics of cemented sand specimens under confining pressure and impact loads, the energy consumption of cemented sand specimens was analyzed through an impact compression and split test performed at different loading rates with different impact pressures by using a variable cross section SHPB (split Hopkinson pressure bar) with an active confining pressure loading apparatus. The results show that (1) the absorbed energy and incident energy were in a linear relationship and the proportion between them was relatively constant under confining pressure, and the absorbed energy had a quadratic relationship with the incident energy under zero confining pressure. (2) The fracture energy ratio increased with the increase in incident energy, the damage energy ratio decreased with the increase in incident energy, and the damage energy ratio were always higher than the fracture energy ratio under confining pressure. (3) The energy absorbed by the cemented sand specimens decreased sharply with the increase of confining pressure under the same incident wave energy conditions, and the reflected wave energy and transmitted wave energy increased. (4) When the incident wave energy was constant, the ratio of the energy causing surface fractures to the energy absorbed by the cemented sand specimens decreased sharply with the increase of confining pressure, while the energy causing crack growth and damage increased sharply. These conclusions may guide similar models of blasting tests in the future.

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Ma, Qin-yong, Dong-dong Ma, Pu Yuan i Zhao-ming Yao. "Energy Absorption Characteristics of Frozen Soil Based on SHPB Test". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5378173.

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Dynamic compressive tests are performed in three frozen soil types under different stress states at freezing temperatures of −5°C and −15°C with impact loading pressures from 0.3 MPa to 0.6 MPa. The effects of frozen soil type, freezing temperature, impact loading pressures, and stress states on incident energy and energy absorption characteristics, such as absorbed energy and energy absorbency rate, are investigated. The experimental results show that most of the incident energy is reflected back to the incident bar, and incident energy linearly increases with the increase of impact loading pressures. Both absorbed energy and energy absorbency rate are found to be negatively correlated with freezing temperature, and there values under confining pressure state are larger than that under uniaxial condition. The effects of confining pressure on absorbed energy are quite different at different freezing temperatures. In addition, frozen soil type also affects absorbed energy and energy absorbency rate. Meanwhile, impact loading pressure shows an increased effect on the absorbed energy, but it has little effect on energy absorbency rate in the research.

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Webb, R. K., J. H. Van Der Walt, W. B. Runciman, J. A. Williamson, J. Cockings, W. J. Russell i S. Helps. "Which Monitor? An Analysis of 2000 Incident Reports". Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 21, nr 5 (październik 1993): 529–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9302100508.

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The role of monitors in patients undergoing general anaesthesia was studied by analysing the first 2000 incidents reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study; 1256 (63%) were considered applicable to this study. In 52% of these a monitor detected the incident first; oximetry (27%) and capnography (24%) detected over half of the monitor detected incidents, the electrocardiograph 19%, blood pressure monitors 12%, a low pressure (circuit) alarm 8%, and the oxygen analyser 4%. Of the other monitors used, 5 first detected 1–2% of incidents, and the remaining 8 less than 0.5% each. The oximeter would have detected over 40% of the monitor detected incidents had its more informative modulated pulse tone always been relied upon instead of the “bleep” of the ECG. A theoretical analysis was then carried out to determine which of an array of 17 monitors would reliably have detected each incident had each monitor been used on its own and had the incident been allowed to evolve. To facilitate “scoring” of monitors, the incidents were categorized empirically into 60 clinical situations; 40% of applicable incidents were accounted for by only 5 clinical situations, 60% by 10 and nearly 80% by 20. 98% were accounted for by the 60 situations. A pulse oximeter, used on its own, would theoretically have detected 82% of applicable incidents (nearly 60% before any potential for organ damage). These figures for capnography are 55% and 43 % and for oximetry and capnography combined are 88% and 65%, respectively. With the addition of blood pressure monitoring these become 93% and 65%, and of an oxygen analyser, 95 and 67%. Other monitors, including the ECG, each increase the yield by by less than 0.5%. The international monitoring recommendations and those of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists are thoroughly vindicated by the patterns revealed in this study. The priority sequence of monitor acquisition for those with limited resources should be stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, oxygen analyser if nitrous oxide is to be used, pulse oximeter, capnograph, high pressure alarm, and, if patients are to be mechanically ventilated, a low pressure alarm (or spirometer with alarm); an ECG, a defibrillator, a spirometer and a thermometer should be available.

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Nemesure, B., R. Honkanen, A. Hennis, S. Y. Wu i M. Cristina Leske. "Incident Open-angle Glaucoma and Intraocular Pressure". Ophthalmology 114, nr 10 (październik 2007): 1810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.04.003.

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Stewart, Robert, Qian-Li Xue, Kamal Masaki, Helen Petrovitch, G. Webster Ross, Lon R. White i Lenore J. Launer. "Change in Blood Pressure and Incident Dementia". Hypertension 54, nr 2 (sierpień 2009): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.128744.

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Leske, M. Cristina. "Incident Open-Angle Glaucoma and Blood Pressure". Archives of Ophthalmology 120, nr 7 (1.07.2002): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archopht.120.7.954.

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Drew, David A., Ronit Katz, Stephen Kritchevsky, Joachim H. Ix, Michael G. Shlipak, Anne B. Newman, Andrew N. Hoofnagle, Linda F. Fried, Mark Sarnak i Orlando M. Gutiérrez. "Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Blood Pressure in Older Adults". Hypertension 76, nr 1 (lipiec 2020): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14703.

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FGF-23 (fibroblast growth factor 23) regulates phosphorus and vitamin D. Elevated FGF-23 is associated with incident hypertension in young- and middle-aged adults, but there is limited data in older adults. Serum FGF-23 was measured using an intact ELISA assay in 2496 participants of the Healthy Aging and Body Composition Study. The association between FGF-23 and prevalent hypertension (self-reported and confirmed by use of antihypertensive medications) and number of antihypertensive medications was determined. The associations between FGF-23 and incident hypertension, and diastolic and systolic blood pressure trajectories were evaluated over 10 years. Models were adjusted for demographics, estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and measures of mineral metabolism. The mean (SD) age was 75 (3) years, with 51% women, and 40% black participants. The prevalence of hypertension at baseline was 75% and the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 134 (21) mm Hg and 70 (12) mm Hg, respectively. The majority of participants without hypertension at baseline developed incident hypertension (576 of 1109 or 52%). In adjusted models, each 2-fold higher FGF-23 was associated with prevalent baseline hypertension (odds ratio=1.46 [1.24–1.73]) and greater number of blood pressure medications (IRR=1.14 [1.08–1.21]) but not with baseline diastolic or systolic blood pressure. In fully adjusted longitudinal analyses, a 2-fold higher FGF-23 was associated with incident hypertension (hazard ratio=1.18 [1.03–1.36]) and worsening systolic blood pressures (β=0.24 [0.08–0.40] mm Hg per year increase), but not with diastolic blood pressures (β=0.04 [−0.04 to 0.12] mm Hg per year increase). Higher FGF-23 concentrations are associated with prevalent and incident hypertension as well as rising systolic blood pressures in community-living older adults.

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Yan, Dong, Jinchang Zhao i Shaoqing Niu. "Normal Reflection Characteristics of One-Dimensional Unsteady Flow Shock Waves on Rigid Walls from Pulse Discharge in Water". Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6958085.

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Strong shock waves can be generated by pulse discharge in water, and the characteristics due to the shock wave normal reflection from rigid walls have important significance to many fields, such as industrial production and defense construction. This paper investigates the effects of hydrostatic pressures and perturbation of wave source (i.e., charging voltage) on normal reflection of one-dimensional unsteady flow shock waves. Basic properties of the incidence and reflection waves were analyzed theoretically and experimentally to identify the reflection mechanisms and hence the influencing factors and characteristics. The results indicated that increased perturbation (i.e., charging voltage) leads to increased peak pressure and velocity of the reflected shock wave, whereas increased hydrostatic pressure obviously inhibited superposition of the reflection waves close to the rigid wall. The perturbation of wave source influence on the reflected wave was much lower than that on the incident wave, while the hydrostatic pressure obviously affected both incident and reflection waves. The reflection wave from the rigid wall in water exhibited the characteristics of a weak shock wave, and with increased hydrostatic pressure, these weak shock wave characteristics became more obvious.

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Quaisie, James Kwasi, Philip Yambah, Vitus Mwinteribo Tabie, Joseph Sekyi-Ansah, Anthony Akayeti i Abdul-Hamid Mohammed. "The Effect of Cavitation Water Jet Shock as a Newly Technology on Micro-Forming Process". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, nr 2 (2.04.2023): 10407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5568.

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This article proposes a novel technology called water jet cavitation shock micro-forming to fabricate micro-features on 304 stainless steel foils with a thickness of 100µm, using a cavitation nozzle with an incident pressure of 8 to 20MPa. This study investigated the surface morphology of the formed part, the influence of incident pressure, target distance, and impact time on the forming depth, and analyzed the punching phenomenon of the formed components. The experimental results after the water jet cavitation shocking indicated that the surface morphology of the formed part of the 304 stainless foil sample had good quality and no conventional defects such as die scratches and cracks. Furthermore, when the incident pressure was 20MPa, the height of the uniform-shaped spherical cap exceeded 262µm. The forming depth increased with increasing incident pressure and impact time. Under an incident pressure of 20MPa, with the increase of target distance, the average depth of the formed part increased at first and then decreased. Finally, the analysis of the blanking phenomenon indicated that when the incident pressure increased to 30MPa, the workpiece was completely blanked. This is mainly because, under this incident pressure, the shockwave pressure generated by the collapse of the bubble deforms the workpiece beyond the stress limit of the material itself.

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Cheng, Wang, Xin Qiao Liu i Jian Guo Ning. "High Resolution Numerical Simulation of Shock-to-Detonation Transition of Condensed-Phase Explosives". Materials Science Forum 767 (lipiec 2013): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.767.40.

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In this paper, shock-to-detonation transition for condensed phase explosives is numerically simulated by adopting high resolution numerical scheme. Fifth-order WENO scheme and third-order TVD Runge-Kutta method are employed to discretize Euler equations with chemical reaction source in space and time respectively, and parallel high resolution code is developed. Applying this code, the influence of incident pressure and pulse width on the run distance to detonation is investigated. The numerical results show that incident pressure and pulse width govern the initiation process. If appropriate values are taken for incident pressure and pulse width, the pressure will increase with the enlarging of the shock wave propagation distance, and finally the explosives reach steady detonation. The run distance to detonation is also influenced by those two factors, and it gets shorter with the increase of pulse width and incident pressure. When the incident pressure and the pulse width are small enough, the retonation phenomenon can be observed, and it becomes obvious along with the decreasing of incident pressure and pulse width.

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Quaisie, James Kwasi, Wang Yun, Xu Zhenying, Yu Chao, Fuzhu Li, Philip Baidoo, Joseph Sekyi-Ansah i Emmanuel Asamoah. "Experimental Study on Water-Jet Shock Microforming Process Using Different Incident Pressures". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (9.07.2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2365698.

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The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a new process technology using the cavitation phenomenon, mainly a water-jet shock microforming, for the fabrication of a metallic foil. 304 stainless steel was exposed to a high-speed submerged water jet with different incident pressures and certain working conditions. In this experiment, a KEYENCE VHX-1000C digital microscope, confocal laser-scanning microscope (Axio CSM 700), and micro-Vickers hardness tester were utilized to observe the forming depth, surface quality, thickness distribution, and section hardness distributions under different incident pressures. The experimental results indicated that the surface morphology of the metal foils attained good geometrical features under this dynamic microforming method and there were no cracks or fracture. The forming depth and surface roughness increased with the incident pressure. In addition, the forming depth increased from 124.7 μm to 327.8 μm, while the surface roughness also increased from 0.685 μm to 1.159 μm at an incident pressure of 8 MPa to 20 MPa. Maximum thickness thinning of the formed foils occurred at the fillet region when the thickness thinning ratio was 21.27% under the incident pressure of 20 MPa, and there was no fracture at the bottom or the fillet region. The tested hardness indicated that during the cold-rolled state of the sample, the hardness sample increased slightly along the cross section of the formed region and the hardness of the annealed 304 stainless steel foils increased significantly along the cross-sectional region.

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Nazarzadeh, Milad, Zeinab Bidel, Dexter Canoy, Emma Copland, Malgorzata Wamil, Karl Smith Byrne, Johan Sundström i in. "BLOOD PRESSURE-LOWERING, ANTIHYPERTENSIVE TREATMENT AND INCIDENT DIABETES". Journal of Hypertension 39, Supplement 1 (kwiecień 2021): e8-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000744444.02673.7e.

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Maidanik, G., i J. Dickey. "Reflection of incident pressure waves by ribbed panels". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 90, nr 4 (październik 1991): 2124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.401640.

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Izzo, R., G. de Simone, M. Chinali, G. Iaccarino, V. Trimarco, F. Rozza, R. Giudice, B. Trimarco i N. De Luca. "Insufficient Control of Blood Pressure and Incident Diabetes". Diabetes Care 32, nr 5 (17.02.2009): 845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1881.

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Solares, J. R. Ayala, D. Canoy, F. Raimondi, Y. Zhu, A. Hassaine, G. Salimi-Khorshidi, J. Tran i in. "LONG-TERM BLOOD PRESSURE AND INCIDENT CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE". Journal of Hypertension 37 (lipiec 2019): e46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000570836.63409.bf.

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Leske, M. Cristina, Suh-Yuh Wu, Barbara Nemesure i Anselm Hennis. "Incident Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Perfusion Pressure". Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 52, nr 11 (7.10.2011): 7943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-8394.

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Kaess, Bernhard M., Jian Rong, Martin G. Larson, Naomi M. Hamburg, Joseph A. Vita, Daniel Levy, Emelia J. Benjamin, Ramachandran S. Vasan i Gary F. Mitchell. "Aortic Stiffness, Blood Pressure Progression, and Incident Hypertension". JAMA 308, nr 9 (5.09.2012): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/2012.jama.10503.

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Ma, T., J. X. Wang, L. T. Liu, H. Li, Y. C. Gu i Y. F. Zhang. "Study on the characteristics of initial shock waves generated by cylindrical charge for underwater explosion". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, nr 7 (1.06.2023): 072026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/7/072026.

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Abstract In order to provide a theoretical basis for studying the shock wave propagation and evolution generated by cylindrical charge of near-field underwater explosion, the characteristics of initial shock waves generated by cylindrical charge are studied. First, a new theoretical model for initial shock waves is proposed by the polar curve method. Based on the theoretical model and the simulated results, the influences of incident angle, length-to-diameter ratio and type of charge on the initial shock waves are analysed. Then the experiments of underwater explosion load tests are carried out to verify the theoretical and simulation results. Finally some instructive conclusions are drawn: i) The two-dimensional theoretical model can calculate the initial underwater shock wave pressure and its direction of cylindrical charge through detonation velocity, detonation pressure, explosive density and incident angle, which is provides a theoretical basic for studying the shock wave propagation and evolution studies. By comparing the theoretical results with the numerical results verified by experiments, the maximum error is not more than 9.93%. ii) Increasing the incident angle α 0 will reduce the initial shock wave pressure of cylindrical charge and make its direction deflect towards the material interface. When the incident angle α 0 is in the range of 0 - 10°, increasing the incident angle makes the initial shock wave pressure decrease rapidly as a power function. With the increasing of the incident angle, the attenuation rate of the initial shock wave firstly decreases and then increases when the incident angle α 0 is in the range of 10 - 72°. This phenomenon explains the reason that the axial and radial initial shock wave pressures are much higher than those in other directions after the central initiation of cylindrical charge. iii) According to the geometric relationship, the length-to-diameter ratio of the charge will limit the range of the incident angle. The length-to-diameter ratio will affect the initial shock wave pressure at the same initiation time. The pressure decreases with the increase of the length-to-diameter ratio when the initial shock wave is formed on the cylindrical surface of the charge.

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McGrath, Emer R., Alexa S. Beiser, Charles DeCarli, Kendra L. Plourde, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Steven M. Greenberg i Sudha Seshadri. "Blood pressure from mid‐ to late life and risk of incident dementia". Neurology 89, nr 24 (8.11.2017): 2447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000004741.

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Objective:To determine the association between blood pressure during midlife (40–64 years) to late life (≥65 years) and risk of incident dementia.Methods:This study included 1,440 (758 women, mean age 69 ± 6 years) Framingham Offspring participants who were free of dementia and attended 5 consecutive examinations at 4-year intervals starting at midlife (1983–1987, mean age 55 years) until late life (1998–2001, mean 69 years) and subsequently were followed up for incident dementia (mean 8 years). We determined the effect of midlife hypertension (≥140/90 mm Hg), late life hypertension, lower late life blood pressure (<100/70 mm Hg), persistence of hypertension during mid- to late life, and steep decline in blood pressure from mid- to late life over an 18-year exposure period.Results:During the follow-up period, 107 participants (71 women) developed dementia. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, we found that midlife systolic hypertension (hazard ratio [HR] 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–2.35) and persistence of systolic hypertension into late life (HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.25–3.09) were associated with an elevated risk of incident dementia. However, in individuals with low to normal blood pressure (≤140/90 mm Hg) at midlife, a steep decline in systolic blood pressure during mid- to late life was also associated with a >2-fold increase in dementia risk (HR 2.40, 95% CI 1.39–4.15).Conclusions:Elevated blood pressure during midlife, persistence of elevated blood pressure into late life, and, among nonhypertensives, a steep decline in blood pressure during mid- to late life were associated with an increased dementia risk in a community-based cohort. Our data highlight the potential sustained cognitive benefits of lower blood pressures in midlife but also suggest that declining blood pressure in older adults with prehypertension or normotension, but not in those with hypertension, may be a risk marker for dementia.

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Tikhonoff, Valérie, Tatiana Kuznetsova, Lutgarde Thijs, Nicholas Cauwenberghs, Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek, Jitka Seidlerová, Sofia Malyutina i in. "Ambulatory blood pressure and long-term risk for atrial fibrillation". Heart 104, nr 15 (9.02.2018): 1263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312488.

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ObjectiveData on the contribution of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) components to the risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) are limited. We prospectively tested the hypothesis that ABP may represent a potentially modifiable risk factor for the development of AF in a European population study.MethodsWe recorded daytime blood pressure (BP) in 3956 subjects randomly recruited from the general population in five European countries. Of these participants, 2776 (70.2%) underwent complete 24-hour ABP monitoring. Median follow-up was 14 years. We defined daytime systolic BP load as the percentage BP readings above 135 mm Hg. The incidence of AF was assessed from ECGs obtained at baseline and follow-up and from records held by general practitioners and/or hospitals.ResultsOverall, during 58 810 person-years of follow-up, 143 participants experienced new-onset AF. In adjusted Cox models, each SD increase in baseline 24 hours, daytime and night-time systolic BP was associated with a 27% (P=0.0056), 22% (P=0.023) and 20% (P=0.029) increase in the risk for incident AF, respectively. Conventional systolic BP was borderline associated with the risk of AF (18%; P=0.06). As compared with the average population risk, participants in the lower quartile of daytime systolic BP load (<3%) had a 51% (P=0.0038) lower hazard for incident AF, whereas in the upper quartile (>38%), the risk was 46% higher (P=0.0094).ConclusionsSystolic ABP is a significant predictor of incident AF in a population-based cohort. We also observed that participants with a daytime systolic BP load >38% had significantly increased risk of incident AF.

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Chowdhury, Enayet K., Michael Berk, Mark R. Nelson, Lindon M. H. Wing i Christopher M. Reid. "Association of depression with mortality in an elderly treated hypertensive population". International Psychogeriatrics 31, nr 3 (13.08.2018): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610218000856.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Both elevated blood pressure and/or depression increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. This study in treated elderly hypertensive patients explored the incidence of depression, its association (pre-existing and incident) with mortality and predictors of incident depression.Methods:Data from 6,083 hypertensive patients aged ≥65 years enrolled in the Second Australian National Blood Pressure study were used. Participants were followed for a median of 10.8 years (including 4.1 years in-trial) and classified into: “no depression,” “pre-existing” and “incident” depression groups based on either being “diagnosed with depressive disorders” and/or “treated with an anti-depressant drug” at baseline or during in-trial period. Further, we redefined “depression” restricted to presence of both conditions for sensitivity analyses. For the current study, end-points were all-cause and any cardiovascular mortality.Results:313 (5%) participants had pre-existing depression and a further 916 (15%) participants developed depression during the trial period (incidence 4% per annum). Increased (hazard-ratio, 95% confidence-interval) all-cause mortality was observed among those with either pre-existing (1.23, 1.01–1.50; p = 0.03) or incident (1.26, 1.12–1.41; p < 0.001) depression compared to those without. For cardiovascular mortality, a 24% increased risk (1.24, 1.05–1.47; p = 0.01) was observed among those with incident depression. The sensitivity analyses, using the restricted depression definition showed similar associations. Incident depression was associated with being female, aged ≥75 years, being an active smoker at study entry, and developing new diabetes during the study period.Conclusions:This elderly cohort had a high incidence of depression irrespective of their randomised antihypertensive regimen. Both pre-existing and incident depression were associated with increased mortality.

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Lee, Gyu Bae, Koh Eun Shin, Kyungdo Han, Ho-Sung Son, Jae-Seung Jung, Yang-Hyun Kim i Hee-Jung Kim. "Association Between Hypertension and Incident Infective Endocarditis". Hypertension 79, nr 7 (lipiec 2022): 1466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19185.

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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association of hypertension with incident infective endocarditis (IE) by investigating the incidence of IE according to blood pressure levels using the National Health Insurance Service database. Methods: The data of 4 080 331 individuals linked to the health screening database in 2009 were retrieved (males, 55.08%; mean age, 47.12±14.13 years). From 2009 to 2018, the risk factors for the first episode of IE were investigated. Hypertension was categorized into normotension, prehypertension, hypertension, and hypertension with medication. The Cox proportional hazard model assessed the effect of blood pressure level during the health screening exam on incident IE. Results: During the 9-year follow-up, 812 (0.02%) participants were diagnosed with IE. The incidence rates of IE in the normotension, prehypertension, hypertension, and hypertension with medication groups were 0.9, 1.4, 2.6, and 6.0 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. Those with prehypertension, hypertension, and hypertension with medication were correlated with an increased risk of IE in a dose-response manner compared with the normotension group (hazard ratio, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.06–1.68]; hazard ratio, 1.98 [1.48–2.66]; hazard ratio, 2.56 [2.02–3.24], respectively, all P <0.001). Conclusions: In a large national cohort study with an average follow-up of 9 years, increased blood pressure was identified as a risk factor for incident IE in a dose-dependent manner. Hypertension increases the public health care burden by acting as a risk factor for rare infective heart diseases.

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Jia, Di, Feng Hui Kang i Yi Na Wang. "Research on near Field Acoustic Characteristic of a Compound Structure with Plate & Cylindrical Hull Subjected to Sound Excitation". Advanced Materials Research 716 (lipiec 2013): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.716.559.

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In order to study the acoustic environment of a ship sonar platform, near-field acoustic characteristic of a compound structure with plates & a cylindrical shell (CSPCS) subjected to sound excitation is researched based on numerical simulation. Influence of frequency and sound incident angle on acoustic environment of CSPCS are studied. Study shows that the sound pressure field distribution of CSPCS is complicated. Sound pressure would be strengthened and weakened in different locations when sound pressure uniformly incident into CSPCS. Result shows that the sound pressure distribution is highly dependent on frequency and incident angle. Sound pressure field is more evenly distributed when sound wave frequency is low. Study also shows that the incident angle has considerable influence on the sound field distribution of strengthened and weakened area.

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Ngo Hoang, Anh, Thao Pham Thi i Quyen Bui Thi Tu. "Adverse event management and some related factors at the District 2 Hospital". Journal of Health and Development Studies 06, nr 03 (30.06.2022): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.38148/jhds.0603skpt21-046.

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Abstract: Medical incident management is the activities to take remedial measures and prevent recurrence of the incident. Research is conducted to understand the issues surrounding medical incidents. This mixed-method study was conducted at the District 2 Hospital, Ho Chi Minh city in 2021 with the aim to identify the current situation and analyze some factors affecting adverse event management at the hospital. We selected 98 reported incidents, there were seven in-depth interviews (IDIs) and two focus group discussions (FGDs) have been conducted. Results: 60.2% of adverse events reported by nurse/technician. Adverse events due to practice errors of medical staff (MS) accounted for 52.04%. 76.53% of adverse events have been reviewed with root cause analysis (RCA). A number of factors affect medical incident management: (1) Positive factors: many forms of encouragement, finding and fixing system errors instead of looking for individual errors; (2) Negative factors: difficulty in accessing information; fear of punishment; work pressure, Lack of leadership interest in medical incident management, the trainings have not been effective, the cumbersome regulations and procedures, lack of coordination of departments/departments in medical incident management. Recommendations: Improving the training on access to information and awareness of medical incidents; Increasing leadership interest in medical incident management; Simplifying the medical incident reporting process and form; Increasing the involvement of departments in medical incident management. Keywords: medical incident management, influencing factors, Ho Chi Minh City

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Sun, Sheng Nan, i Zhi Bin Su. "Hydrodynamic Pressure on Submerged Floating Tunnel under the P-Wave". Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (listopad 2016): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.125.

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Based on the displacement potential functions, considering submarine rock and soil as elastic half-space, seawater as ideal fluid, anchors as springs, the formulae for determining the hydrodynamic pressure on submerged floating tunnel were deduced while the P-wave was incident. Subsequently, effects of different submarine rock and soil parameters (such as shear modulus, Poisson ratio) and different spring constants and spaces of the anchors on the hydrodynamic pressures were discussed. It could be concluded that for normal incidence, the shear modulus and the Poisson ratio of submarine rock and soil have no influence on the amplitude of the hydrodynamic pressure on SFT for. The peak value of the amplitude of the hydrodynamic pressure on SFT increases as the Poisson ratio of submarine rock and soil and the spring constant of anchor increases, decreases as the spacing of the anchor increases.

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Williamson, Jeff D., Brenda Penninx, Mauro DiBari, Linda P. Fried, Jack M. Guralnik i Marco Pahor. "Blood Pressure Control & Incident Disability in Older Women:". Circulation 103, suppl_1 (marzec 2001): 1361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.103.suppl_1.9998-54.

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P54 Cardiovascular disease is associated with disability & high B/P is a risk factor for CVD. Data is lacking on the relationship between B/P and disability and on the potential benefit of aggressive B/P control for prevention of disability in older adults. We report longitudinal data from the Women’s Health & Aging Study (WHAS) testing the hypothesis that high B/P and poor B/P control is a risk factor for disability in older women. Of the 1002 women at baseline, 388 were age 65-74, 311 age 75-84, and 303 women age 85+. Overall, 58.7% reported a diagnosis of hypertension. B/P was measured at baseline and every 6 months for 3 years by a nurse during an in-home standardized exam. Using “a lot of difficulty or unable to walk across a small room” as the dependent variable, Table 1 shows the adjusted 3-year incidence of disability. At 3 years, women who were hypertensive on or off B/P meds at baseline (39.8%) had a disability RR of 1.44 (CI 1.07-1.94) compared to normotensive women on B/P meds (27.5%). These results show that SPB is strongly related to the incident disability. These data also provide epidemiologic evidence supporting SBP treatment goals to < 140 mmHg in older people. Given the prevalence of hypertension and poor B/P control in this population, aggressive treatment may provide an important pathway to reducing the burden of disability and institutionalization. Table 1.

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Power, Melinda C., Jennifer Weuve, Joshua J. Gagne, Matthew B. McQueen, Anand Viswanathan i Deborah Blacker. "The Association Between Blood Pressure and Incident Alzheimer Disease". Epidemiology 22, nr 5 (wrzesień 2011): 646–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e31822708b5.

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Castellano Gasch, Sandra, Teresa Hernández, Victoria García, Laura Ribera, Tomás Ortuño, Jose Ignacio Merello i Rosa Ramos. "MP585PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF BLOOD PRESSURE FOR INCIDENT HAEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 32, suppl_3 (1.05.2017): iii644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfx177.mp585.

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Thomas, M. C., S. Dublin, R. C. Kaplan, N. L. Glazer, T. Lumley, W. T. Longstreth, N. L. Smith, B. M. Psaty, D. S. Siscovick i S. R. Heckbert. "Blood Pressure Control and Risk of Incident Atrial Fibrillation". American Journal of Hypertension 21, nr 10 (1.10.2008): 1111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ajh.2008.248.

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Pierdomenico, Sante D., Umberto Ianni, Matteo De Rosa i Francesca Coccina. "Different measures of blood pressure and incident atrial fibrillation". Journal of Hypertension 39, nr 1 (styczeń 2021): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000002645.

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Kaykayoglu, Ruhi, i Donald Rockwell. "Vortices incident upon a leading edge: instantaneous pressure fields". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 156, nr -1 (lipiec 1985): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211208500218x.

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Macri, Carmelo, Christopher X. Wong, Samuel J. Tu, Robert Casson, Kuldev Singh, Sophia Y. Wang i Michelle T. Sun. "Blood Pressure Measures and Incident Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma". Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 63, nr 13 (5.12.2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.63.13.3.

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Daley, Matthew F., Liza M. Reifler, Eric S. Johnson, Alan R. Sinaiko, Karen L. Margolis, Emily D. Parker, Louise C. Greenspan, Joan C. Lo, Patrick J. O'Connor i David J. Magid. "Predicting Hypertension Among Children With Incident Elevated Blood Pressure". Academic Pediatrics 17, nr 3 (kwiecień 2017): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2016.09.009.

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Russell, W. J., R. K. Webb, J. H. Van Der Walt i W. B. Runciman. "Problems with Ventilation: An Analysis of 2000 Incident Reports". Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 21, nr 5 (październik 1993): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9302100521.

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A review of the first 2000 incidents reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study found 317 incidents which involved problems with ventilation. The major portion (47%) were disconnections; 61% of these were detected by a monitor. Monitor detection was by a low circuit pressure alarm in 37% but this alarm failed to warn of non-ventilation in 12 incidents (in 6 because it was not switched “on” and in 6 because of a failure to detect the disconnection). Failure of detection was usually with ventilator bellows descending in expiration. Complete failure to ventilate occurred in 143 incidents, most commonly because of a disconnection. Disconnection was associated, in one-third of the cases, with interference to the anaesthetic circuit by a third party and in nearly half with surgery on the head and neck. Leaks affected ventilation in 129 incidents, but in only 19 was ventilation totally lost; leaks associated with seal failure of the absorber were common. Misconnections occurred in 36 incidents, most commonly involving the scavenging system. The frequency of a complete failure to check an anaesthetic machine was greater when an induction room was involved than when only the operating theatre was the site of the incident. These incidents suggest that meticulous checking and monitoring for failure of ventilation, preferably using at least two separate, self-activating systems is highly desirable. The Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists’ policy on low circuit pressure alarms, oximetry and capnography is vindicated by these reports.

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Djerourou, Samira, Nadia Saoula i Karim Henda. "Diagnostic of a RF (13.56MHz) Magnetron in Ar/CH₄ Discharge". Advanced Materials Research 227 (kwiecień 2011): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.227.195.

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This work presents an electrical and optical emission diagnostics of radiofrequency (RF) magnetron discharge used for titanium deposition in argon (Ar) and methane (CH4) gas precursor. The plasma was produced in incident power and gas pressure ranges of 20-300W and 15-100mTorr, respectively. We have studied the influence of the system operation parameters (incident power, pressure, proportion of gas precursor) on the self- bias voltage (Vdc) and emission intensity IAr of Ar (750.3nm) line. The results obtained show that the pressure of the optimum operation of the magnetron discharge was around 30 mTorr when the incident power varied from 20 to 300W. The relationship between the intensity of IAr (750.3nm) line and the incident power was established.

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Kamran, Haroon, Jason M. Lazar, Rinkesh Patel, IIir Maraj, Heather Berman i Louis Salciccioli. "The Age-Dependent Contribution of Aortic Incident and Reflected Pressure Waves to Central Blood Pressure in African-Americans". International Journal of Hypertension 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/585703.

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Aging is associated with increased central aortic systolic pressure (CSP) and pulse pressure which are predictive of cardiovascular events. Mechanisms implicated for higher central pressures include a higher forward incident pressure wave (P1), higher augmented pressure (AP), and shorter reflected wave round trip travel time (Tr). African-Americans (AA) have more frequent and deleterious blood pressure elevation. Using applanation tonometry, we studied the association of age and CSP with P1 and AP in 900 AA subjects. Data showed that in subjects ≤50 years old, CSP was mediated by AP but not P1 or Tr, whereas in those >50, CSP was mediated by both AP and P1 and to a lesser extent by Tr. Predictive models were significant () for both age groups. In conclusion, wave reflection is the primary determinant of CSP in younger AA, while in older subjects, CSP is mediated by both the magnitude and timing of wave reflection as well as aortic impedance.

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Hwang, Jiyoung, Jeongsu Kim, Hyesook Kim i Oran Kwon. "A Modified Recommended Food Score Is Associated with a Lower Incidence of High Blood Pressure in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Men: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study". Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (czerwiec 2022): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac067.027.

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Abstract Objectives This cohort study investigated the association between the modified RFS (Recommended Food Score) and incident high blood pressure in Korean adults from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Methods We prospectively analysed 2,854 (1,028 men and 1,556 women) participants aged 40–69 years without high blood pressure at baseline during a 16-year follow-up period. A dish-based, semi-quantitative, 103-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intakes at baseline. The modified RFS (a total of 65 points) is based on the reported consumption of foods recommended in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet modified for Korean foods. High blood pressure included hypertension and prehypertension, also known as stage 1 hypertension (a systolic blood pressure ≥120 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg). Cox proportional hazards model was used to examine the association between modified RFS scores and the risk of incident high blood pressure. Results A total of 1,663 participants (761 men and 902 women) developed high blood pressure during an average follow-up of 87 months (range 17‒183 months). The modified RFS was positively correlated with the DASH diet score in men (r = 0.6492; p < 0.0001) and women (r = 0.7291; p < 0.0001), respectively. Men with the highest quintile of the modified RFS had a 24% lower incidence of high blood pressure than those with the lowest quintile (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.76, 95% confidence interval = 0.60–0.96, p-trend = 0.0218). However, there was no association between modified RFS and incident high blood pressure in women. Conclusions A higher modified RFS was associated with a reduced risk of incident high blood pressure in middle-aged and older Korean men. Further prospective studies of larger scale or intervention studies are needed to confirm these findings. Funding Sources This work was supported by the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation funded by the Ministry of Science & ICT (2012M3A9C4048761) and the BK21 FOUR (Fostering Outstanding Universities for Research) funded by the Ministry of Education (MOE, Korea) and National Research Foundation of Korea.

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Du, S. X., D. A. Hudson, W. G. Price i P. Temarel. "Implicit expressions of static and incident wave pressures over the instantaneous wetted surface of ships". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 223, nr 3 (12.06.2009): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/14750902jeme162.

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To predict a ship's behaviour, adopting either a partial or comprehensive non-linear hydrodynamic method, requires accurate information of incident wave and static pressure on any location over the instantaneous wetted hull surface. In this study an implicit formula to evaluate the non-linear hydrostatic and incident wave dynamic pressures acting on a ship travelling in linear or second-order deep water incident waves is deduced based on a wave mapping method. The accuracy and efficiency of the numerical scheme of study employing this formula is verified and validated through comparisons with a simple extrapolation (or stretching) approach, Wheeler stretching methods, and with a fifth-order Stokes' wave theory, which is assumed to embody a more complete solution. More accurate predictions of the dynamic pressure are achieved from the proposed second-order wave mapping method. However, as a practical approach, the presented second-order wave Wheeler stretching method can be considered as a reasonable approximation to the proposed wave mapping method.

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Sakita, Francis M., Paige O’Leary, Sainikitha Prattipati, Monica S. Kessy, Kajiru G. Kilonzo, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Anzibert A. Rugakingira i in. "Six-month incidence of hypertension and diabetes among adults with HIV in Tanzania: A prospective cohort study". PLOS Global Public Health 3, nr 8 (21.08.2023): e0001929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001929.

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Data describing the incidence of hypertension and diabetes among people with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa remain sparse. In this study, adults with HIV were enrolled from a public clinic in Moshi, Tanzania (September 2020—March 2021). At enrollment, a survey was administered to collect information on comorbidities and medication use. Each participant’s blood pressure and point-of-care glucose were measured. Baseline hypertension was defined by blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or self-reported hypertension at enrollment. Baseline diabetes was defined by self-reported diabetes or hyperglycemia (fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl or random glucose ≥200 mg/dl) at enrollment. At 6-month follow-up, participants’ blood pressure and point-of-care glucose were again measured. Incident hypertension was defined by self-report of new hypertension diagnosis or blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg at follow-up in a participant without baseline hypertension. Incident diabetes was defined as self-report of new diabetes diagnosis or measured hyperglycemia at follow-up in a participant without baseline diabetes. During the study period, 477 participants were enrolled, of whom 310 did not have baseline hypertension and 457 did not have baseline diabetes. At six-month follow-up, 51 participants (95% CI: 38, 67) had new-onset hypertension, corresponding to an incidence of 33 new cases of hypertension per 100 person-years. Participants with incident hypertension at 6-month follow-up were more likely to have a history of alcohol use (90.2% vs. 73.7%, OR = 3.18, 95% CI:1.32–9.62, p = 0.008) and were older (mean age = 46.5 vs. 42.3, p = 0.027). At six-month follow-up, 8 participants (95% CI: 3, 16) had new-onset diabetes, corresponding to an incidence of 3 new cases of diabetes per 100 person-years. In conclusion, the incidence of elevated blood pressure and diabetes among Tanzanians with HIV is higher than what has been reported in high-income settings.

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Cockings, J. G. L., R. K. Webb, I. D. Klepper, M. Currie i C. Morgan. "Blood Pressure Monitoring—Applications and Limitations: An Analysis of 2000 Incident Reports". Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 21, nr 5 (październik 1993): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9302100512.

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Of the first 2000 incidents reported to the Australian Incident Monitoring Study, 1256 occurred in relation to general anaesthesia and 81 of the latter were first detected by blood pressure (BP) monitoring. A further 25 incidents not associated with general anaesthesia were first detected by blood pressure monitoring, giving a total of 106. In the monitor detection of incidents in relation to general anaesthesia, BP monitoring ranked fourth after oximetry, capnography and low pressure alarms. On the other hand, 38 incidents in which the problem was primarily one of significant change in BP were first detected by means other than the BP monitor (20 clinically, 12 by pulse oximetry and 6 by ECG). Early detection rates of hypotension were 60% for invasive methods, 40% for automated non-invasive (NIBP) devices and 30% for manual sphygmomanometry. There were 21 reports of BP monitor “failure”; the 11 of these which occurred with NIBPs involved unexplained false “low” or “high” readings and failure to detect profound hypotension, and led to considerable morbidity and at least one death. The 10 cases of invasive monitoring failure were predominantly due to mains power loss, hardware breakage or operator error. In a theoretical analysis of the 1256 GA incidents, it was considered that on its own, BP monitoring would have detected 919 (73%), but in the vast majority, by the time this detection has occurred, potential organ damage could not be excluded. It is recommended that BP be measured at regular intervals dictated by clinical requirements (usually at least every five minutes). BP monitoring should be supplemented by other modalities in accordance with the College of Anaesthetists guidelines and when immediate and reliable detection of change in BP is critical, invasive monitoring should be used.

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Gilani, Artaza, Raffaele De Caterina, Olia Papacosta, Lucy T. Lennon, Peter H. Whincup i S. Goya Wannamethee. "Excessive Orthostatic Changes in Blood Pressure Are Associated With Incident Heart Failure in Older Men". Hypertension 77, nr 5 (maj 2021): 1481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15817.

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We have assessed the association between excessive orthostatic changes in blood pressure and risk of incident heart failure (HF) in older, community-dwelling men. This was a prospective cohort study of 3505 men (mean age, 68.5 years), who did not have prevalent HF, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Excessive orthostatic change in blood pressure was defined continuously and categorically as orthostatic hypotension (sitting-to-standing decrease in systolic blood pressure ≥20 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥10 mm Hg), systolic orthostatic hypertension (increase in systolic blood pressure ≥20 mm Hg, diastolic orthostatic hypertension as diastolic blood pressure ≥10 mm Hg), and orthostatic normotension (neither orthostatic hypotension nor orthostatic hypertension). There was a U-shaped association between orthostatic changes in systolic blood pressure and the risk of incident HF; for diastolic blood pressure, only its fall predicted HF. After adjustment for possible confounders, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for incident HF was 1.65 (1.24–2.18) in men with orthostatic hypotension and 0.90 (0.65–1.24) and 1.88 (1.30–2.73) in men with diastolic and systolic orthostatic hypertension, respectively. Both components of orthostatic hypotension were associated with increased risk, although the systolic component was more predictive than the diastolic component. Both orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension are associated with risk of incident HF in older men. Our findings suggest that orthostatic hypertension is defined by a rise beyond threshold in systolic blood pressure only. Further prospective studies in diverse cohorts are needed to confirm our findings.

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Kaze, Arnaud D., Solomon K. Musani, Aurelian Bidulescu, Adolfo Correa, Alain G. Bertoni, Rexford S. Ahima, Sherita H. Golden, Marwah Abdalla i Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui. "Plasma Leptin and Blood Pressure Progression in Blacks". Hypertension 77, nr 4 (kwiecień 2021): 1069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16174.

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Data on the relation of plasma leptin with blood pressure (BP) progression among Blacks are scant. We evaluated the association of plasma leptin levels with BP progression and incident hypertension among Blacks. We analyzed a total of 1190 Jackson Heart Study participants without hypertension at baseline (2000–2004) who attended ≥1 follow-up visit (2005–2008 or 2009–2013). Modified Poisson regression was used to generate multivariable-adjusted risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs for BP progression (an increase by ≥1 BP category) and incident hypertension (BP ≥130/80 or use of antihypertensive medication). Of the 1190 participants, 64.1% were women (n=763), mean age was 48 (SD: 12) years. Over a median of 7 years, 71.3% progressed to a higher BP category (n=848) and 64.6% developed hypertension (n=769). After adjusting for confounders, each SD increment in log-leptin was associated with higher risks of BP progression (RR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.03–1.18], P =0.007) and incident hypertension (RR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.05–1.23], P =0.002). Compared with those in the lowest leptin quartile, participants in the highest quartile had significantly higher risks of BP progression (RR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.05–1.54], P trend =0.007) and incident hypertension (RR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.07–1.64], Ptrend=0.010). These associations were consistent across multiple BP classifications. Our findings from a large cohort of Blacks support the notion that plasma leptin concentrations may help identify an at-risk population that could be targeted for hypertension prevention and management strategies in future studies.

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Zhang, M. H. G., i J. G. Luhmann. "Comparisons of peak ionosphere pressures at Mars and Venus with incident solar wind dynamic Pressure". Journal of Geophysical Research 97, E1 (1992): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91je02721.

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Prihandhani, IGAA Sherlyna, Ni Komang Matalia Gandari, I. Dewa Agung Gde Fanji Pradiptha i Nina Rismawati Hakim. "The Effect Of Progressive Mobilization On The Event Of Decubitus In Patients With Mechanical Ventilation In Icu Room Of Mangusada Hospital". STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 10, nr 2 (15.11.2021): 1467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v10i2.849.

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This study aimed at identifying the effect of progressive mobilization on pressure ulcer incidents in patient with mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit at Mangusada Hospital. The design of this study was PreExperiment (one group pretest and posttest design). The instrument used in this study was a standard procedure of Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) and observation sheet of Decubitus. The result of the test indicated most of the respondents experienced grade I pressure ulcer (decubitus) before being given progressive mobilization therapy and after the therapy, all respondents (100%) did not show pressure ulcer (decubitus) incident. Wilcoxon test showed that there was an effect of progressive mobilization on pressure ulcer incidents in patient with mechanical ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit at Mangusada Hospital (p-value = 0,042).

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45

Cheng, Jianfeng, i Lili Du. "Hydrodynamic jet incident on an uneven wall". Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 28, nr 04 (kwiecień 2018): 771–827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202518500203.

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The axially symmetric free surface problem of an ideal incompressible jet issuing from a nozzle and impinging on an uneven wall is investigated in this paper. More precisely, we show that given a semi-infinitely long axially symmetric nozzle, a mass flux [Formula: see text] in the inlet and a constant atmospheric pressure, there exists a unique incompressible impinging jet whose free surface goes to infinity and is close to the impermeable wall at far field. Moreover, the free surface of the impinging jet initiates at the edge of the semi-infinitely long nozzle and the pressure remains the constant atmospheric pressure on the free surface. The main ingredient to show the existence and the uniqueness of the impinging jet is based on the variational method developed in a series of the celebrated works [Existence and regularity for a minimum problem with free boundary, J. Reine Angew. Math. 325 (1981) 105–144; Variational Principles and Free-Boundary Problems, Pure and Applied Mathematics (John Wiley & Sons, 1982)] by Alt, Caffarelli and Friedman. Furthermore, some important properties of the axially symmetric impinging jet, such as positivity of the radial velocity, asymptotic behavior of the impinging jet, and the optimal decay rate of the free surface and the impinging jet, are obtained. Moreover, the problem of the axially symmetric jet impinging on a hemispherical cup is also considered. Finally, we establish the well-posedness theory on the incompressible impinging jet in two dimensions.

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Daley, M. F., A. R. Sinaiko, L. M. Reifler, H. M. Tavel, J. M. Glanz, K. L. Margolis, E. Parker i in. "Patterns of Care and Persistence After Incident Elevated Blood Pressure". PEDIATRICS 132, nr 2 (1.07.2013): e349-e355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-2437.

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Di Benedetto, Attilio, Annalisa Ciotola, Stefano Stuard, Daniele Marcelli i Bernard Canaud. "FP644BLOOD PRESSURE AND FLUID OVERLOAD: EVALUATION IN INCIDENT ESRD PATIENTS". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 30, suppl_3 (maj 2015): iii288—iii289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfv181.37.

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Tran, J., R. Norton i K. Rahimi. "THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE AND MULTIMORBIDITY IN INCIDENT HYPERTENSION". Journal of Hypertension 36, Supplement 1 (czerwiec 2018): e29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000539040.22791.bf.

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Tieleman, H. W., i R. E. Akins. "Effects of incident turbulence on pressure distributions on rectangular prisms". Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 36 (styczeń 1990): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(90)90340-i.

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Ullah, Aleem, Furqan Ahmad, Heung-Woon Jang, Sung-Wook Kim i Jung-Wuk Hong. "Review of analytical and empirical estimations for incident blast pressure". KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 21, nr 6 (12.12.2016): 2211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-016-1386-4.

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