Artykuły w czasopismach: „In-vivo Skin analysis”

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Cal, Krzysztof, Daniel Zakowiecki i Justyna Stefanowska. "Advanced tools for in vivo skin analysis". International Journal of Dermatology 49, nr 5 (26.04.2010): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04355.x.

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Ishikawa, Tomohisa. "In vivo analysis of skin microcirculation in rats and mice". Folia Pharmacologica Japonica 132, nr 2 (2008): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/fpj.132.79.

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Jachowicz, J., R. McMullen i D. Prettypaul. "Indentometric analysis of in vivo skin and comparison with artificial skin models". Skin Research and Technology 13, nr 3 (sierpień 2007): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2007.00229.x.

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Flores, Ignacio, Gerard Evan i María A. Blasco. "Genetic Analysis of Myc and Telomerase Interactions In Vivo". Molecular and Cellular Biology 26, nr 16 (15.08.2006): 6130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00543-06.

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ABSTRACT Myc is a transcription factor with pleiotropic effects on tumorigenesis which are likely to be mediated by its target genes. A known Myc transcriptional target is the catalytic subunit of telomerase, Tert. However, the contribution of Tert activation to Myc-induced tumorigenesis in vivo remains unknown. In this study, we addressed the role of telomerase in Myc-induced skin papillomatosis by using compound mice with a switchable Myc gene, Inv-MycERTAM mice, in combination with either telomerase deficiency (Terc−/−) or telomerase overexpression (K5-mTert) in the skin. We first demonstrated that Myc activates telomerase in the skin. With Inv-MycERTAM × Terc−/− mice, we further showed that this telomerase activation is partially required to elicit a full hyperplastic Myc-induced response. The presence of critically short telomeres in late-generation Inv-MycERTAM × Terc−/− mice further reduced the skin lesion induced by Myc. On the other hand, telomerase overexpression in the skin of K5-mTert mice augments Myc-induced hyperplasia in the absence of changes in telomere length, suggesting a direct role of telomerase in the Myc protumorigenic response. Taken together, these results highlight telomerase as a mediator of Myc-induced papillomatosis and suggest telomerase as a putative therapeutic target for Myc-dependent lesions.

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Knyazkova, A. I., A. A. Samarinova, V. V. Nikolaev, Y. V. Kistenev i A. V. Borisov. "Features two-photon microscopy for analysis fluorescent properties of elastin fibers rats in vivo". Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika, nr 11 (2021): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/64/11/128.

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This paper presents the results of in vivo visualization of elastin fibers of the papillary layer of rat skin obtained using two-photon microscopy. It is shown that, when approximating the fluorescence decay curve by a two-exponential model, the obtained parameters for rat dermis elastin and human elastin fibers have similar distributions.

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Preiss, Ivor L., i William Washington. "Skin Thickness Effects on In Vivo LXRF". Advances in X-ray Analysis 38 (1994): 607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800018309.

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Abstract The analysis of lead concentration in bone utilizing LXRF can be adversely effected by overlymg tissue. A quantitative measure of the attenuation of the 10.5 keV Pb L a x-ray signal by skin and skin equivalent plastic has been conducted. Concentration ranges in plaster of Paris and doped goat bone from 7 to 90 ppm with attenuators of Lucite® and pig skin were examined. It is concluded that no quantitative or semi quantitative analysis can be achieved if overlying tissue thickness exceeds 3 mm for Pb concentrations of less than 30 ppm Pb in bone.

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Elsayad, Khaled, Christos Moustakis, Manuela Simonsen, Dagmar Bäcker, Uwe Haverkamp i Hans Theodor Eich. "In-vivo dosimetric analysis in total skin electron beam therapy". Physics and Imaging in Radiation Oncology 6 (kwiecień 2018): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phro.2018.05.002.

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Lim, Grace J., Yozo Ishiuji, Aerlyn G. Dawn, Benjamin Harrison, Do Won Kim, Anthony Atala i Gil Yosipovitch. "In vitro and In vivo Characterization of a Novel Liposomal Butorphanol Formulation for Treatment of Pruritus". Acta Dermato-Venereologica 88, nr 4 (9.05.2008): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/00015555-0480.

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As yet no transdermal topical formulations have been developed for the treatment of chronic itch. We developed a formulation containing 2 mg butorphanol tartrate in 100 microl purified water encapsulated into multilamellar phospholipid vesicles. Drug permeation experiments were studied with Franz diffusion chambers using human skin in vitro and on rat skin in vivo. Histological analysis of rat skins was performed to evaluate skin irritation of the formulation in vivo. Physical properties showed stable formulation with desirable viscosity. In vitro dermal penetration rate data suggest that there was significant permeation at time-points 2 h and 4 h, and a steady state was achieved afterwards to 24 h. Maximal plasma butorphanol concentration was noted at 2 h and steady state was achieved at 8 h. Visual skin assessment as well as histological analysis of excised rat skin did not demonstrate any evidence of inflammation and irritation. In vitro and in vivo analysis demonstrated release of a consistent amount of butorphanol in a sustained manner for 24 h. This liposomal transdermal delivery formulation could serve as a method to deliver butorphanol for patients with chronic pruritus.

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Koivuranta-Vaara, Päivi. "Neutrophil migration in vivo: Analysis of a skin window technique". Journal of Immunological Methods 79, nr 1 (maj 1985): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(85)90393-x.

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Donadio, Vincenzo, Zerui Wang, Alex Incensi, Giovanni Rizzo, Enrico Fileccia, Veria Vacchiano, Sabina Capellari i in. "In Vivo Diagnosis of Synucleinopathies". Neurology 96, nr 20 (9.04.2021): e2513-e2524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000011935.

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ObjectiveTo determine whether (1) immunofluorescence is a reproducible technique in detecting misfolded α-synuclein in skin nerves and subsequently whether (2) immunofluorescence and real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) (both in skin and CSF) show a comparable in vivo diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing synucleinopathies from non-synucleinopathies in a large cohort of patients.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 90 patients fulfilling clinical and instrumental diagnostic criteria for all synucleinopathies variants and non-synucleinopathies (mainly including Alzheimer disease, tauopathies, and vascular parkinsonism or dementia). Twenty-four patients with mainly peripheral neuropathies were used as controls. Patients underwent skin biopsy for immunofluorescence and RT-QuIC; CSF was examined in patients who underwent lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes. Immunofluorescence and RT-QuIC analysis were made blinded to the clinical diagnosis.ResultsImmunofluorescence showed reproducible results between 2 pairs of neighboring skin samples. Both immunofluorescence and RT-QuIC showed high sensitivity and specificity in discriminating synucleinopathies from non-synucleinopathies and controls but immunofluorescence presented higher diagnostic accuracy. Immunofluorescence presented a good level of agreement with RT-QuIC in both skin and CSF in synucleinopathies.ConclusionsBoth immunofluorescence and RT-QuIC showed high diagnostic accuracy, although immunofluorescence displayed the better value as well as optimal reproducibility; they presented a good level of agreement in synucleinopathies, supporting the use of less invasive tests such as skin immunofluorescence or RT-QuIC instead of CSF RT-QuIC as a diagnostic tool for synucleinopathies.Classification of EvidenceThis study provides Class III evidence that immunofluorescence or RT-QuIC accurately distinguish synucleinopathies from non-synucleinopathies.

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Kubisz, Leszek, Dorota Hojan-Jezierska, Maria Szewczyk, Anna Majewska, Weronika Kawałkiewicz, Edward Pankowski, Marta Janus, Justyna Cwajda-Białasik, Paulina Mościcka i Arkadiusz Jawień. "In vivo electrical impedance measurement in human skin assessment". Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, nr 9 (25.09.2019): 1481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-1106.

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Abstract Structural and chemical alterations in living tissue are reflected in electrical impedance changes. However, due to the complexity of skin structure, the relation between electrical parameters and physiological/pathological conditions is difficult to establish. The impedance dispersion reflects the clinical status of the examined skin tissue and, therefore, it is frequently used in a non-invasive evaluation of exposing skin to various factors. The method has been used to assess the effect of the fish collagen on the skin of patients suffering from the leg ulcer. Therefore, from a number of different approaches to skin electrical impedance dispersion, the one considered to be safe was selected and applied. This paper presents a short review of different technical approaches to in vivo electrical impedance measurements, as well as an analysis of the results and the effect of fish collagen locally administered on human skin.

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Guida, Stefania, Federica Arginelli, Francesca Farnetani, Silvana Ciardo, Laura Bertoni, Marco Manfredini, Nicola Zerbinati, Caterina Longo i Giovanni Pellacani. "Clinical Applications of In Vivo and Ex Vivo Confocal Microscopy". Applied Sciences 11, nr 5 (24.02.2021): 1979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11051979.

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Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) has been introduced in clinical settings as a tool enabling a quasi-histologic view of a given tissue, without performing a biopsy. It has been applied to many fields of medicine mainly to the skin and to the analysis of skin cancers for both in vivo and ex vivo CLSM. In vivo CLSM involves reflectance mode, which is based on refractive index of cell structures serving as endogenous chromophores, reaching a depth of exploration of 200 μm. It has been proven to increase the diagnostic accuracy of skin cancers, both melanoma and non-melanoma. While histopathologic examination is the gold standard for diagnosis, in vivo CLSM alone and in addition to dermoscopy, contributes to the reduction of the number of excised lesions to exclude a melanoma, and to improve margin recognition in lentigo maligna, enabling tissue sparing for excisions. Ex vivo CLSM can be performed in reflectance and fluorescent mode. Fluorescence confocal microscopy is applied for “real-time” pathological examination of freshly excised specimens for diagnostic purposes and for the evaluation of margin clearance after excision in Mohs surgery. Further prospective interventional studies using CLSM might contribute to increase the knowledge about its application, reproducing real-life settings.

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Pehamberger, Hubert, Andreas Steiner i Klaus Wolff. "In vivo epiluminescence microscopy of pigmented skin lesions. I. Pattern analysis of pigmented skin lesions". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 17, nr 4 (październik 1987): 571–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(87)70239-4.

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Cubo, Nieves, Marta Garcia, Juan F. del Cañizo, Diego Velasco i Jose L. Jorcano. "3D bioprinting of functional human skin: production and in vivo analysis". Biofabrication 9, nr 1 (5.12.2016): 015006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/9/1/015006.

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Matveeva, Irina, Ivan Bratchenko, Yulia Khristoforova, Lyudmila Bratchenko, Alexander Moryatov, Sergey Kozlov, Oleg Kaganov i Valery Zakharov. "Multivariate Curve Resolution Alternating Least Squares Analysis of In Vivo Skin Raman Spectra". Sensors 22, nr 24 (7.12.2022): 9588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249588.

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In recent years, Raman spectroscopy has been used to study biological tissues. However, the analysis of experimental Raman spectra is still challenging, since the Raman spectra of most biological tissue components overlap significantly and it is difficult to separate individual components. New methods of analysis are needed that would allow for the decomposition of Raman spectra into components and the evaluation of their contribution. The aim of our work is to study the possibilities of the multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) method for the analysis of skin tissues in vivo. We investigated the Raman spectra of human skin recorded using a portable conventional Raman spectroscopy setup. The MCR-ALS analysis was performed for the Raman spectra of normal skin, keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and pigmented nevus. We obtained spectral profiles corresponding to the contribution of the optical system and skin components: melanin, proteins, lipids, water, etc. The obtained results show that the multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares analysis can provide new information on the biochemical profiles of skin tissues. Such information may be used in medical diagnostics to analyze Raman spectra with a low signal-to-noise ratio, as well as in various fields of science and industry for preprocessing Raman spectra to remove parasitic components.

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ZENG, HAISHAN, JIANHUA ZHAO, MICHAEL SHORT, DAVID I. MCLEAN, STEPHEN LAM, ANNETTE MCWILLIAMS i HARVEY LUI. "RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY FOR IN VIVO TISSUE ANALYSIS AND DIAGNOSIS, FROM INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT TO CLINICAL APPLICATIONS". Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 01, nr 01 (czerwiec 2008): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545808000054.

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Raman spectroscopy is a noninvasive, nondestructive analytical method capable of determining the biochemical constituents based on molecular vibrations. It does not require sample preparation or pretreatment. However, the use of Raman spectroscopy for in vivo clinical applications will depend on the feasibility of measuring Raman spectra in a relatively short time period (a few seconds). In this work, a fast dispersive-type near-infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy system and a skin Raman probe were developed to facilitate real-time, noninvasive, in vivo human skin measurements. Spectrograph image aberration was corrected by a parabolic-line fiber array, permitting complete CCD vertical binning, thereby yielding a 16-fold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio. Good quality in vivo skin NIR Raman spectra free of interference from fiber fluorescence and silica Raman scattering can be acquired within one second, which greatly facilitates practical noninvasive tissue characterization and clinical diagnosis. Currently, we are conducting a large clinical study of various skin diseases in order to develop Raman spectroscopy into a useful tool for non-invasive skin cancer detection. Intermediate data analysis results are presented. Recently, we have also successfully developed a technically more challenging endoscopic Laser-Raman probe for early lung cancer detection. Preliminary in vivo results from endoscopic lung Raman measurements are discussed.

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Menger, Michael D., i Brigitte Vollmar. "In vivo analysis of microvascular reperfusion injury in striated muscle and skin". Microsurgery 15, nr 6 (1994): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/micr.1920150605.

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Duffy, Emer, Gwendoline Albero i Aoife Morrin. "Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Scent Profiles from Human Skin". Cosmetics 5, nr 4 (21.10.2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics5040062.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from human skin contribute to an individual’s body odour. Understanding the modulation of human odour by a fragrance is of significant importance to the cosmetic sector in the design, development and evaluation of new products. The present research describes an in vivo approach for passive headspace sampling of skin volatile emissions in human participants. A wearable headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method has been employed to investigate baseline endogenous skin volatiles and the subsequent modulation of skin volatile profiles after application of a fragrance to skin. Coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) this method enables characterisation of scent profiles and fragrance longevity in vivo. A total of 51 compounds were identified in participants’ skin, including 19 endogenous and 32 fragrance-derived compounds. The temporal variation in volatile profiles at different times after fragrance application was investigated. Fragrance diffusion from skin varied between participants resulting in diversified scent profiles over time. This non-invasive approach could be employed during cosmetic product development for in vivo evaluation of fragrance profiles and for assessment of the retention of fragrance components in skin to reduce reliance on expert panels during product development.

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Bontozoglou, Christos, i Perry Xiao. "Applications of Capacitive Imaging in Human Skin Texture and Hair Analysis". Applied Sciences 10, nr 1 (29.12.2019): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010256.

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This article focuses on the extraction of information from human skin and scalp hair for evaluation of a subject’s condition in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. It uses capacitive images from existing hand-held research equipment and it applies image processing algorithms to expand their possible applications. The literature review introduces the readers into the field of skin research, and it highlights pieces of information that can be extracted by in vivo skin and ex vivo hair measurements. Then, the selected scientific equipment is presented, and Maxwell-based electrostatic simulations are employed to evaluate the measurement apparatus. Image analysis algorithms are suggested for (a) the detection of polygons on the human skin texture, (b) the estimation of wrinkles length and (c) the observation of hair water sorption capabilities by capacitive imaging systems. Finally, experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the presented algorithms and the results are compared with the literature. The results indicate that capacitive imaging systems can be used for skin age classification, detection and tracking of skin artifacts (e.g., wrinkles, moles or scars) and calculation of water content in hair samples.

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Kocsis, Dorottya, Hichem Kichou, Katalin Döme, Zsófia Varga-Medveczky, Zsolt Révész, Istvan Antal i Franciska Erdő. "Structural and Functional Analysis of Excised Skins and Human Reconstructed Epidermis with Confocal Raman Spectroscopy and in Microfluidic Diffusion Chambers". Pharmaceutics 14, nr 8 (13.08.2022): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081689.

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Several ex vivo and in vitro skin models are available in the toolbox of dermatological and cosmetic research. Some of them are widely used in drug penetration testing. The excised skins show higher variability, while the in vitro skins provide more reproducible data. The aim of the current study was to compare the chemical composition of different skin models (excised rat skin, excised human skin and human-reconstructed epidermis) by measurement of ceramides, cholesterol, lactate, urea, protein and water at different depths of the tissues. The second goal was to compile a testing system, which includes a skin-on-a-chip diffusion setup and a confocal Raman spectroscopy for testing drug diffusion across the skin barrier and accumulation in the tissue models. A hydrophilic drug caffeine and the P-glycoprotein substrate quinidine were used in the study as topical cream formulations. The results indicate that although the transdermal diffusion of quinidine is lower, the skin accumulation was comparable for the two drugs. The various skin models showed different chemical compositions. The human skin was abundant in ceramides and cholesterol, while the reconstructed skin contained less water and more urea and protein. Based on these results, it can be concluded that skin-on-a-chip and confocal Raman microspectroscopy are suitable for testing drug penetration and distribution at different skin layers within an exposition window. Furthermore, obese human skin should be treated with caution for skin absorption testing due to its unbalanced composition.

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Li, Joanne, Madison N. Wilson, Andrew J. Bower, Marina Marjanovic, Eric J. Chaney, Ronit Barkalifa i Stephen A. Boppart. "Video-rate multimodal multiphoton imaging and three-dimensional characterization of cellular dynamics in wounded skin". Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 13, nr 02 (15.01.2020): 2050007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545820500078.

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To date, numerous studies have been performed to elucidate the complex cellular dynamics in skin diseases, but few have attempted to characterize these cellular events under conditions similar to the native environment. To address this challenge, a three-dimensional (3D) multimodal analysis platform was developed for characterizing in vivo cellular dynamics in skin, which was then utilized to process in vivo wound healing data to demonstrate its applicability. Special attention is focused on in vivo biological parameters that are difficult to study with ex vivo analysis, including 3D cell tracking and techniques to connect biological information obtained from different imaging modalities. These results here open new possibilities for evaluating 3D cellular dynamics in vivo, and can potentially provide new tools for characterizing the skin microenvironment and pathologies in the future.

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BEVILACQUA, ALESSANDRO, ALESSANDRO GHERARDI i MASSIMO FERRI. "PREDICTING BIOLOGICAL AGE FROM A SKIN SURFACE CAPACITIVE ANALYSIS". International Journal of Modern Physics C 15, nr 09 (listopad 2004): 1309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918310400673x.

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The skin is the largest (and the most exposed) organ of the body both in terms of surface area and weight. Its care is of great importance for both aesthetics and health issues. Often, the skin appearance gives us information about the skin health status as well as hints at the biological age. Therefore, the skin surface characterization is of great significance for dermatologists as well as for cosmetic scientists in order to evaluate the effectiveness of medical or cosmetic treatments. So far, no in vivo measurements regarding skin topography characterization could be achieved routinely to evaluate skin aging. This work describes how a portable capacitive device, normally used for fingerprint acquisition, can be utilized to achieve measures of skin aging routinely. The capacitive images give a high resolution (50 μm) representation of skin topography, in terms of wrinkles and cells. In this work, we have addressed the latter: through image segmentation techniques, cells have been localized and identified and a feature related to their area distribution has been generated. Accurate experiments accomplished in vivo show how the feature we conceived is linearly related to skin aging. Besides, since this finding has been achieved using a low cost portable device, this could boost research in this field as well as open doors to an application based on an embedded system.

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Mora-Núñez, Azael, Geminiano Martínez-Ponce, Guillermo García-Torales i Anuar B. Beltrán-González. "Texture analysis applied to polarimetric images of healthy in vivo murine skin". Optical Engineering 57, nr 05 (16.05.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.57.5.054106.

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Mils, Valérie, Nicole Basset-Séguin, Jean-Pierre Molès, Anne Tesnière, Irene Leigh i Jean-Jacques Guilhou. "Comparative analysis of normal and psoriatic skin both in vivo and in vitro". Differentiation 58, nr 1 (listopad 1994): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-0436.1994.5810077.x.

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Marques, Mariana, João Nunes, Bárbara Ustymenko, Luísa Fialho, Luís Martins, Anthony J. Burke, Cesar Filho i in. "cEpiderm, a Canine Skin Analog Suitable for In Vivo Testing Replacement". BioChem 2, nr 4 (20.10.2022): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biochem2040015.

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Skin is one of the organs most tested for toxicity and safety evaluation during the process of drug research and development and in the past has usually been performed in vivo using animals. Over the last few years, non-animal alternatives have been developed and validated epidermis models for human and rat skin are already available. Our goal was to develop a histotypical canine skin analog, suitable for non-animal biocompatibility and biosafety assessment. Canine keratinocytes were seeded in an air-lift culture using an adapted version of the CELLnTEC protocol. Corrosion and irritation protocols were adapted from human EpiSkinTM. For histological analysis, sample biopsies were fixed in neutral-buffered formalin, and paraffin slices were routinely processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. A canine multilayer and stratified epidermal-like tissue (cEpiderm), confirmed by histological analysis, was obtained. The cEpiderm tissue exhibited normal morphological and functional characteristics of epidermis, namely impermeability and an adequate response to stressors. The cEpiderm is a promising canine skin model for non-animal safety testing of veterinary pharmaceuticals and/or cosmetics, significantly contributing to reducing undesirable in vivo approaches. cEpiderm is therefore a valid canine skin model and may be made commercially available either as a service or as a product.

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Schuler, Maik, Lindsay Tomlinson, Michael Homiski, Jennifer Cheung, Yutian Zhan, Stephanie Coffing, Maria Engel i in. "Experiments in the EpiDerm 3D Skin In Vitro Model and Minipigs In Vivo Indicate Comparatively Lower In Vivo Skin Sensitivity of Topically Applied Aneugenic Compounds". Toxicological Sciences 180, nr 1 (22.01.2021): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfaa189.

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Abstract Risk management of in vitro aneugens for topically applied compounds is not clearly defined because there is no validated methodology to accurately measure compound concentration in proliferating stratum basale keratinocytes of the skin. Here, we experimentally tested several known aneugens in the EpiDerm reconstructed human skin in vitro micronucleus assay and compared the results to flow cytometric mechanistic biomarkers (phospho-H3; MPM2, DNA content). We then evaluated similar biomarkers (Ki-67, nuclear area) using immunohistochemistry in skin sections of minipigs following topical exposure the potent aneugens, colchicine, and hesperadin. Data from the EpiDerm model showed positive micronucleus responses for all aneugens tested following topical or direct media dosing with similar sensitivity when adjusted for applied dose. Quantitative benchmark dose-response analysis exhibited increases in the mitotic index biomarkers phospho-H3 and MPM2 for tubulin binders and polyploidy for aurora kinase inhibitors are at least as sensitive as the micronucleus endpoint. By comparison, the aneugens tested did not induce histopathological changes, increases in Ki-67 immunolabeling or nuclear area in skin sections from the in vivo minipig study at doses in significant excess of those eliciting a response in vitro. Results indicate the EpiDerm in vitro micronucleus assay is suitable for the hazard identification of aneugens. The lack of response in the minipig studies indicates that the barrier function of the minipig skin, which is comparable to human skin, protects from the effects of aneugens in vivo. These results provide a basis for conducting additional studies in the future to further refine this understanding.

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Lengyel, Zsuzsanna, i Erika Varga. "Confocal microscopy in dermatology practice: a unique opportunity for non-invasive in vivo imaging at histological level". Bőrgyógyászati és Venerológiai Szemle 98, nr 3 (12.07.2022): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7188/bvsz.2022.98.3.6.

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Among non-invasive in vivo techniques the use of reflectance mode confocal microscopy (RCM) is the most common. In vivo RCM images are horizontal ones similar to dermatoscopy and allow tissue and cellular level analysis almost identical to routine histopathology. In vivo RCM is recommended mainly for the examination of clinically and dermatoscopically equivocal lesions and it can be used to delineate-demark tumor borders prior to surgery, to monitor the results of non-invasive therapies, and to detect recurrent tumors and to diagnose inflammatory skin diseases. In vivo confocal microscopy examination is available at the Department of Dermatology and Allergology of Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center, University of Szeged and at the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Oncodermatology Medical School, University of Pécs.

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Yu-Hsing Lin, Yun-Xuan Chang, Tzu-Yun Chi, Hsiao-Yun Chen, Ping-Min Huang, Chia-Yu Lin, Ya-Peng Wang i in. "Development of skin health test efficacy modules in vivo". International Journal of Scientific Research Updates 3, nr 2 (30.05.2022): 027–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2022.3.2.0037.

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Sunlight contains ultraviolet (UV) light that causes sunburn and makes the skin age faster, leading to more wrinkles as older. The UV light can come from the natural and artificial sources. Moreover, UV light has shorter wavelengths than the visible light. Therefore, people’ eyes can’t see UV, but people’ skin can feel it. In this study, the in vivo skin health test efficacy modules have been established via the detection of skin’s moisture retention (%), skin’s cytokine expression levels, enzymatic expressions in the skin, the expression levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), collagen type I, melanin, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the skin, and the experimental mice’ skin thickness and lesions via histo-pathologic examination. According to the results, the clinical behavior observation indexes of Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice in each group were normal during the experiments. Moreover, all ICR mice were survival until the end of the experiments. The moisture retention (%) of skin in ICR mice in UVB group was significant decrease after D1, D3, and D5 of UVB irradiation compared to the normal control group. Based on the IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α analysis expressions, both IL-1β and IL-6 expressions in UVB group were significantly increase than the control group, while there was no significant difference in the TNF-α expression between the groups. ICR mice’ skin enzymatic expressions in each group presented that catalase (CAT) expression and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in UVB group were significantly lower than the control group. The MDA expression in UVB group were significantly higher than the control group. The HA and collagen type I expressions in UVB group were significantly lower than the control group. However, the melanin expressions in UVB group and the control groups were not significantly different. The matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) expressions in UVB group was significantly higher than the control group. The skin epidermal thickness in UVB group was significantly thicker than the control group. The dermal thickness in two groups was not significantly different. The number of sunburn cells in the derma in UVB group was significantly increase than the control group. The solar elastosis in the derma in two groups was not significantly different. Based on the above results, we have successfully established in vivo skin health test efficacy modules to evaluate the status of skin health. We hope the modules should be provide for the research and development (R&D) of the effective treatment included drugs and therapeutic strategies.

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Ayadh, Meriem, Amaury Guillermin, Marie-Angèle Abellan, Sara Figueiredo, Mélanie Pedrazzani, Emmanuel Cohen, Armelle Bigouret i Hassan Zahouani. "Investigation of the link between the human skin relief and the dermal fibers network by coupling topographic analysis and LC-OCT imaging before and during folding tests". 4open 6 (2023): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/fopen/2023005.

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Knowing the evolution of the skin’s response to mechanical solicitations and understanding its origin is important in medicine, surgery, and cosmetics. Studies performed in vitro and ex vivo show that links exist between the topographic skin properties and the collagen and elastin fibers network in the dermis. But, to our knowledge, no in vivo study shows this link. In this study we propose a combination of experimental tests to demonstrate the link between the topographic skin properties and the fibers network in the dermis in vivo. The first method consists in analyzing the skin relief images. The second method uses a recently developed imaging technique of human skin in vivo with a high spatial resolution: Line-field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT). This technology provides two types of images modalities: vertical and horizontal section images. The skin relief images and its internal layers are carried out for the skin at rest and during a folding test. The latter is performed using a folding system developed in this study. From these images, we calculate the density of the skin lines printed on the skin surface and their orientations. Thanks to the two modalities of LC-OCT, we obtain the full 3D image of the skin volume. From these images we extract the fibers density and their orientation in the plans parallel and perpendicular to the outer skin surface. The study is carried out on 42 volunteers aged from 20 to 55 years-old. Skin relief analysis and LC-OCT images are performed on the skin of the forearm and thigh. The results show similar distributions of the skin lines on the surface and of its fibers in the volume. We could observe a correlation between the skin lines at the surface and the structure in depth of its layers in the volume (0.40 < rSpearman < 0.73).

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Souto, Luís Ricardo Martinhão, José Vassallo, Jussara Rehder, Glauce Aparecida Pinto i Maria Beatriz Puzzi. "Immunoarchitectural characterization of a human skin model reconstructed in vitro". Sao Paulo Medical Journal 127, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802009000100007.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Over the last few years, different models for human skin equivalent reconstructed in vitro (HSERIV) have been reported for clinical usage and applications in research for the pharmaceutical industry. Before release for routine use as human skin replacements, HSERIV models need to be tested regarding their similarity with in vivo skin, using morphological (architectural) and immunohistochemical (functional) analyses. A model for HSERIV has been developed in our hospital, and our aim here was to further characterize its immunoarchitectural features by comparing them with human skin, before it can be tested for clinical use, e.g. for severe burns or wounds, whenever ancillary methods are not indicated. DESIGN AND SETTING: Experimental laboratory study, in the Skin Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. METHODS: Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome for collagen fibers, periodic acid-Schiff reagent for basement membrane and glycogen, Weigert-Van Gieson for elastic fibers and Fontana-Masson for melanocytes. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize cytokeratins (broad spectrum of molecular weight, AE1/AE3), high molecular weight cytokeratins (34βE12), low molecular weight cytokeratins (35βH11), cytokeratins 7 and 20, vimentin, S-100 protein (for melanocytic and dendritic cells), CD68 (KP1, histiocytes) and CD34 (QBend, endothelium). RESULTS: Histology revealed satisfactory similarity between HSERIV and in vivo skin. Immunohistochemical analysis on HSERIV demonstrated that the marker pattern was similar to what is generally present in human skin in vivo. CONCLUSION: HSERIV is morphologically and functionally compatible with human skin observed in vivo.

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Зюрюкина, О. А., i Ю. П. Синичкин. "Динамика оптических и физиологических свойств кожи человека in vivo в процессе ее компрессии". Журнал технической физики 127, nr 9 (2019): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2019.09.48209.329-18.

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The results of the study of dynamics of the optical and physiological properties of the human skin in vivo when applying and removing external mechanical compression based on the analysis of temporal changes in the diffuse reflectance spectra of human skin in the range of 400–2000 nm are presented. In the spectrum range 500–600 nm (hemoglobin absorption areas), the temporal dynamics of the skin reflectance coefficients show that skin compression leads to an exponential decrease in the blood content in the skin, while the average time for displacing blood from the compression region is about 4–5 min. After the compression is relieved, the blood filling of the skin is restored exponentially during a time of about 30 s. In the spectral range 700–2000 nm, the peculiarity of the skin reflectance coefficients after skin compression is applied is their monotonic decrease according to a two-exponential law with characteristic times of the order of 10 s and several minutes, which can be caused by the displacement of free and bound water from the compression region.

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32

Sherendak, V. P., I. A. Bratchenko, O. O. Myakinin, P. N. Volkhin, Yu A. Khristoforova, A. A. Moryatov, A. S. Machikhin, V. E. Pozhar, S. G. Kozlov i V. P. Zakharov. "Hyperspectral in vivo analysis of normal skin chromophores and visualization of oncological pathologies". Computer Optics 43, nr 4 (sierpień 2019): 661–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2412-6179-2019-43-4-661-670.

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In the paper, we present test results of methods for the noninvasive diagnosis of skin neoplasms, based on the hyperspectral registration of images by using a camera with an acousto-optic tunable filter. For the identification of oncological pathologies, an integral spectral index has been proposed for a set of concentric regions around the source of neoplasm growth for the tissue sample under study. As well as taking account of changes in the spectral properties of the tissue, the introduced index indirectly takes into account classical ABCD dermatoscopic features: asymmetry, border irregularity, color diversity, and the tumor diameter. Results of training set separating are presented and the applicability of the proposed approaches to the clinical practice is shown.

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Bratchenko, Ivan, Oleg Myakinin, Violetta Sherendak, Pavel Volkhin, Yulia Khristoforova, Lyudmila Bratchenko, Dmitry Artemyev i in. "In vivo hyperspectral analysis of skin hemoglobin and melanin content for neoplasia detection". Journal of Biomedical Photonics & Engineering 4, nr 4 (31.12.2018): 040301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/jbpe18.04.040301.

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Koller, S., M. Wiltgen, V. Ahlgrimm-Siess, W. Weger, R. Hofmann-Wellenhof, E. Richtig, J. Smolle i A. Gerger. "In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy: automated diagnostic image analysis of melanocytic skin tumours". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 25, nr 5 (23.08.2010): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03834.x.

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van Erp, Piet E. J., Malou Peppelman i Denise Falcone. "Noninvasive analysis and minimally invasive in vivo experimental challenges of the skin barrier". Experimental Dermatology 27, nr 8 (sierpień 2018): 867–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exd.13743.

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36

Pailler-Mattéi, C., i H. Zahouani. "Analysis of adhesive behaviour of human skin in vivo by an indentation test". Tribology International 39, nr 1 (styczeń 2006): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2004.11.003.

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37

Suñer-Carbó, Joaquim, Ana Calpena-Campmany, Lyda Halbaut-Bellowa, Beatriz Clares-Naveros, María Rodriguez-Lagunas, Elena Barbolini, Joanna Zamarbide-Losada i Antonio Boix-Montañés. "Biopharmaceutical Development of a Bifonazole Multiple Emulsion for Enhanced Epidermal Delivery". Pharmaceutics 11, nr 2 (2.02.2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11020066.

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Efficient topical delivery of imidazolic antifungals faces the challenge of overcoming its limited water solubility and its required long-lasting duration of treatments. In this paper, a hydrophilic multiple emulsion (ME) of Bifonazole (BFZ) is shown to maximize its skin retention, minimize its skin permeation, and maintain an acceptable level of being harmless in vivo. The formulations were pharmaceutically characterized and application properties were assessed based on viscosity measurements. Non-Newtonian pseudoplastic shear thinning with apparent thixotropy was observed, facilitating the formulation retention over the skin. The in vitro release profile with vertical diffusion cells showed a predominant square-root release kinetic suggesting an infinite dose depletion from the formulation. Ex vivo human skin permeation and penetration was additionally evaluated. Respective skin permeation was lower than values obtained with a commercial O/W formulation. The combination of amphoteric and non-ionic surfactants increased the bifonazole epidermal accumulation by a factor of twenty. This fact makes the possibility of increasing its current 24 h administration frequency more likely. Eventual alterations of skin integrity caused by the formulations were examined with epidermal histological analysis and in vivo preclinical measurements of skin elasticity and water retrograde permeation. Histological analysis demonstrated that the multiple emulsions were harmless. Additionally, modifications of in vivo skin integrity descriptors were considered as negligible.

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38

Green, Howard A., Yacov Domankevitz i Norman S. Nishioka. "Pulsed carbon dioxide laser ablation of burned skin: In vitro and in vivo analysis". Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 10, nr 5 (1990): 476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.1900100513.

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39

Sachs, David, Adam Wahlsten, Sebastian Kozerke, Gaetana Restivo i Edoardo Mazza. "A biphasic multilayer computational model of human skin". Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology 20, nr 3 (10.02.2021): 969–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10237-021-01424-w.

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AbstractThe present study investigates the layer-specific mechanical behavior of human skin. Motivated by skin’s histology, a biphasic model is proposed which differentiates between epidermis, papillary and reticular dermis, and hypodermis. Inverse analysis of ex vivo tensile and in vivo suction experiments yields mechanical parameters for each layer and predicts a stiff reticular dermis and successively softer papillary dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. Layer-specific analysis of simulations underlines the dominating role of the reticular dermis in tensile loading. Furthermore, it shows that the observed out-of-plane deflection in ex vivo tensile tests is a direct consequence of the layered structure of skin. In in vivo suction experiments, the softer upper layers strongly influence the mechanical response, whose dissipative part is determined by interstitial fluid redistribution within the tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging-based visualization of skin deformation in suction experiments confirms the deformation pattern predicted by the multilayer model, showing a consistent decrease in dermal thickness for large probe opening diameters.

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40

Rachida, ZEGOUR, Ahror BELAID i Douraied Ben Salem. "A Segmentation Method of Skin MRI 3D High Resolution in vivo". Medical Technologies Journal 2, nr 3 (30.09.2018): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26415/2572-004x-vol2iss3p255-261.

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Background: In recent years, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used in clinical application as non-invasive medical modality, it is rarely used to study the anatomy physiological, and biochemical of the skin, in spite of its very attractive modality for skin imaging. It makes an ideal imaging modality of unique soft tissue contrast to study the skin water content and to differentiate between the different skin layers. However MRI provides a big data with high quality. The analysis of these data require computerized methods to help clinicians and to improve disease of diagnosis. Several image processing method have been extensively used to assist doctors in qualitative diagnosis, segmentation is one of the most methods used in medical image processing for many applications in order to understand medical data and extract useful information. The purpose of this study is to use the segmentation method to measure the hydration of skin using MRI modality. Methods: We will classify segmentation approaches for MRI data into three basics classes: Edge based segmentation, Region based segmentation, and Thresholding segmentation. Then we will briefly describe Fuzzy C-means Clustering method. Furthermore, we will give some related works used FCM algorithm with MRI images. Results: We have measured the hydration of the feet as a result of the FCM segmentation method, where the sample of the study was conducted on 35 healthy volunteers, who were scanned by MRI machine before applying moisturizer and one hour after. Conclusion: MRI is an attractive modality to study the skin water content, it makes an ideal observation of the different skin layers in vivo with three dimensions. However, the segmentation of MRI data by FCM clustering is a computerized method to help clinicians in order to measure skin hydration.

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BEVILACQUA, ALESSANDRO, ALESSANDRO GHERARDI i ROBERTO GUERRIERI. "EVALUATION OF SKIN AGEING THROUGH WRINKLE ANALYSIS IN CAPACITIVE IMAGES". International Journal of Modern Physics C 17, nr 11 (listopad 2006): 1663–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183106009990.

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Quantitative evaluation of the changes in skin topographic structures are of great importance in the dermocosmetic field to assess subjects response to medical or cosmetic treatments. Although many devices and methods are known to measure these changes, they are not suitable for a routine approach and most of them are invasive. Moreover, it has always been difficult to give a measure of the skin health status as well as of the human aging process by simply analyzing the skin surface appearance. This work describes how a portable capacitive device could be utilized to achieve measurements of skin ageing in vivo and routinely. The capacitive images give a high resolution representation of the skin micro-relief, both in terms of skin surface tissue and wrinkles. In a previous work we dealt with the former; here we have addressed the latter. The algorithm we have developed allowed us to extract two original features from wrinkles: the first is based on photometric properties while the second has been achieved through the multiresolution analysis of the wavelet transform. Accurate experiments accomplished on 87 subjects show how the features we conceived are related to skin ageing.

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42

Choe, ChunSik, Jürgen Lademann i Maxim E. Darvin. "Analysis of Human and Porcine Skin in vivo/ex vivo for Penetration of Selected Oils by Confocal Raman Microscopy". Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 28, nr 6 (2015): 318–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000439407.

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Shen, Peng-Chieh, Yu-Pei Chan, Chun-Hsien Huang i Chau Yee Ng. "Riehl’s Melanosis: A Multimodality, In Vivo, Real-Time Skin Imaging Study with Cellular Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography and Advanced Skin Diagnosis System in a Tertiary Medical Center". Bioengineering 9, nr 9 (26.08.2022): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090419.

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Background: Riehl’s melanosis is a psychologically devastating hyperpigmentary disorder that typically occurs on the face and neck. The study of Riehl’s melanosis is limited due to its rarity, variable morphology, and lack of noninvasive diagnostic tools. Recent advances in skin imaging analysis and diagnostic systems improve diagnostic accuracy and enable the noninvasive, real-time evaluation of pigmentary disease. A comprehensive study of Riehl’s melanosis clinical morphology with multimodality and in vivo skin imaging systems has yet to be reported. Objectives: To investigate the clinical features and in vivo advanced skin imaging findings of Riehl’s melanosis. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics, dermoscopic, and histopathological features of Riehl’s melanosis. We further utilized multimodality skin imaging analysis systems, including a cellular resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) and new skin diagnosis system, to investigate the features of Riehl’s melanosis. In addition, we compared OCT findings with histopathological features and clinical assessment. Results: We evaluated 30 patients with Riehl’s melanosis at a tertiary medical center from 2010 to 2022. The average age was 47.7 ± 12.3 (mean ± SD) years, predominantly female patients (female: n = 23; male: n = 7). Cellular resolution OCT imaging from lesion skin shows increased melanocyte capping, disrupted basement membrane, telangiectatic blood vessels, and melanophages in the dermis. The advanced skin diagnosis system captured subclinical erythema of the skin, highlighting the inflammatory nature of the disease. The results correlated well with histopathological findings. Limitations: This is a single-center, cross-sectional study. Conclusions: We highlight the features of Riehl’s melanosis through a novel cellular resolution OCT and photographic skin diagnosis system. A multimodality skin diagnosis system can serve as a real-time, in vivo, noninvasive method for evaluating pigmentary disorders.

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Mustafa, Rehan, Saeed Ur-Rashid Nazir, Naveed Akhtar, Misbha Sultana, Attique-Ur-Rehman Mufti, Naveed Ahmad, M. Nadeem, M. Ameer i Ghulam Mustafa. "Depigmenting Efficacy of Commercially Available Skin-Lightening Creams: Comparative Analysis and In Vivo Evaluation". Open Conference Proceedings Journal 5, nr 1 (30.05.2014): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210289201405020011.

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Richard, Stéphanie, Bernard Querleux, Jacques Bittoun, Ilana Idy-Peretti, Odile Jolivet, Eva Cermakova i Jean-Luc Lévêque. "In Vivo Proton Relaxation Times Analysis of the Skin Layers by Magnetic Resonance Imaging". Journal of Investigative Dermatology 97, nr 1 (lipiec 1991): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12478540.

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46

Kinhikar, R., S. Chaudhari, C. Tambe i D. Deshpande. "1463 poster TOTAL SKIN ELECTRON THERAPY: IN-VIVO DOSIMETRIC DATA ANALYSIS OF FOURTEEN YEARS". Radiotherapy and Oncology 99 (maj 2011): S544—S545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(11)71585-7.

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47

Ou, Xiang, Wei Pan i Perry Xiao. "In vivo skin capacitive imaging analysis by using grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM)". International Journal of Pharmaceutics 460, nr 1-2 (styczeń 2014): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.10.024.

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Khristoforova, Yulia A., Ivan A. Bratchenko, Oleg O. Myakinin, Dmitry N. Artemyev, Alexander A. Moryatov, Andrey E. Orlov, Sergey V. Kozlov i Valery P. Zakharov. "Portable spectroscopic system for in vivo skin neoplasms diagnostics by Raman and autofluorescence analysis". Journal of Biophotonics 12, nr 4 (28.01.2019): e201800400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbio.201800400.

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49

Liao, Yi-Hua, Wei-Cheng Kuo, Sin-Yo Chou, Cheng-Shiun Tsai, Guan-Liang Lin, Ming-Rung Tsai, Yuan-Ta Shih, Gwo-Giun Lee i Chi-Kuang Sun. "Quantitative analysis of intrinsic skin aging in dermal papillae by in vivo harmonic generation microscopy". Biomedical Optics Express 5, nr 9 (28.08.2014): 3266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.5.003266.

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Kuhn, Ulrich, Atsushi Terunuma, Wolfgang Pfutzner, Ruth Ann Foster i Jonathan C. Vogel. "In Vivo Assessment of Gene Delivery to Keratinocytes by Lentiviral Vectors". Journal of Virology 76, nr 3 (1.02.2002): 1496–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.3.1496-1504.2002.

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ABSTRACT For skin gene therapy, introduction of a desired gene into keratinocyte progenitor or stem cells could overcome the problem of achieving persistent gene expression in a significant percentage of keratinocytes. Although keratinocyte stem cells have not yet been completely characterized and purified for gene targeting purposes, lentiviral vectors may be superior to retroviral vectors at gene introduction into these stem cells, which are believed to divide and cycle slowly. Our initial in vitro studies demonstrate that lentiviral vectors are able to efficiently transduce nondividing keratinocytes, unlike retroviral vectors, and do not require the lentiviral accessory genes for keratinocyte transduction. When lentiviral vectors expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were directly injected into the dermis of human skin grafted onto immunocompromised mice, transduction of dividing basal and nondividing suprabasal keratinocytes could be demonstrated, which was not the case when control retroviral vectors were used. However, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated low transduction efficiency, and histological analysis at later time points provided no evidence for progenitor cell targeting. In an alternative in vivo method, human keratinocytes were transduced in tissue culture (ex vivo) with either lentiviral or retroviral vectors and grafted as skin equivalents onto immunocompromised mice. GFP expression was analyzed in these human skin grafts after several cycles of epidermal turnover, and both the lentiviral and retroviral vector-transduced grafts had similar percentages of GFP-expressing keratinocytes. This ex vivo grafting study provides a good in vivo assessment of gene introduction into progenitor cells and suggests that lentiviral vectors are not necessarily superior to retroviral vectors at introducing genes into keratinocyte progenitor cells during in vitro culture.

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