Artykuły w czasopismach: „Impulse circuits”

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ITOH, MAKOTO, TAO YANG i LEON O. CHUA. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF IMPULSIVE SYNCHRONIZATION OF CHAOTIC AND HYPERCHAOTIC CIRCUITS". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 09, nr 07 (lipiec 1999): 1393–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127499000961.

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In this paper, experimental results on impulsive synchronization of two kinds of chaotic circuits; namely, Chua's oscillator and a hyperchaotic circuit, are presented. To impulsively synchronize two Chua's oscillators, synchronization impulses sampled from one state variable of the driving circuit are transmitted to the driven circuit. To impulsively synchronize two hyperchaotic circuits, synchronizing impulses sampled from two signals of the driving circuit are sent to the driven circuit. Our experimental results show that the accuracy of impulsive synchronization depends on both the period and the width of the impulse. The ratio between the impulse width and impulse period for "almost-identical" synchronization increases as the impulse period increases. The robustness of impulsive synchronization to additive noise is also experimentally studied. For sufficiently short impulse periods, no significant differences are observed between impulsive and continuous synchronizations. The performance of chaotic spread spectrum communication systems based on impulsive synchronization is also studied experimentally.

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KILIÇ, RECAİ. "IMPULSIVE SYNCHRONIZATION BETWEEN TWO MIXED-MODE CHAOTIC CIRCUITS". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 14, nr 02 (kwiecień 2005): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126605002325.

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So far, impulsive synchronization method has been applied to several well-known chaotic circuits and systems such as Chua's circuit, Lorenz system and hyperchaotic circuit. Here, we present a study of impulsive synchronization of another chaotic circuit, namely mixed-mode chaotic circuit which oscillates both autonomous and nonautonomous chaotic dynamics. By choosing two mixed-mode chaotic circuits as driving and driven chaotic circuits, we investigated whether these circuits are synchronized impulsively or not by evaluating the minimum length of impulse width (Q), and the ratio of impulse width to impulse period (Q/T). The results of our investigation confirm that two mixed-mode chaotic circuits can be synchronized impulsively with very narrow impulse width.

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KILIÇ, RECAI, MUSTAFA ALÇI i ENIS GÜNAY. "TWO IMPULSIVE SYNCHRONIZATION STUDIES USING SC-CNN-BASED CIRCUIT AND CHUA'S CIRCUIT". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 14, nr 09 (wrzesień 2004): 3277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127404011193.

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The impulsive synchronization method has been applied to several well-known chaotic circuits and systems such as Chua's circuit, Lorenz system and hyperchaotic circuit in the literature. In this paper, we also present two impulsive synchronization studies using SC-CNN-based circuit and Chua's circuit. In the first study, we have investigated the impulsive synchronization between two SC-CNN-based circuits. Pspice simulation results show that two SC-CNN-based circuits can be synchronized impulsively via x1 and x2 cell dynamics for different impulse width and impulse period values. And in the second study, we have investigated the impulsive synchronization between SC-CNN-based circuit and Chua's circuit. Pspice simulation results verify that two chaotic circuits, which have identical dynamical systems via appropriate parameter transformations but having quite different hardware implementations, can be synchronized impulsively for different impulse width and impulse period values.

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Pandey, Amit Kumar. "Marx Multistage Impulse Generator". Journal of Advanced Research in Power Electronics and Power Systems 07, nr 1&2 (13.05.2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.1401.202002.

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This generator generates lightning impulse voltages of upto 45 KV. This paper defines the progress of a cost effective and effortlessly portable compact 10 stages Marx Generator proficient of manufacturing lightning impulses voltage up to 45kV. In adding, three different investigational circuits of HV DC provisions have been made. The uppermost output was 15 kV DC which was occupied as the main supply for the Marx generator circuit. This generator can be castoff by small scale productions and theoretical institutions to prove impulse voltages and also to achieve testing on insulators of lower rating in laboratory. A total of 10 stages of both replicated, new Marx impulse generator circuit was considered and the impulse waves were documented. In this work, the assessment in terms of magnitude of the investigational and simulated 10 stages Marx generator circuit has been carried out as well as its descriptive curve has been drawn. These results have long-established the strength of the planned technique and they were in close arrangement.

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Sun, Cheng. "A Neuromuscular Electrotherapy Device Based on Arduino System". Theoretical and Natural Science 3, nr 1 (28.04.2023): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/3/20220372.

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One form of electrophysiological therapy, low frequency impulse electrotherapy, makes use of electrical impulses of very low voltage and frequency. The low frequency impulsed current affects the skin's outer layer, causing an electrolytic effect and a powerful stimulation of nerves, which in turn activates the nerves, improves local blood circulation, and, most importantly, provides analgesia. The frequency, time, waveform, and duty cycle of the electrical pulse have a significant impact on the efficacy of low frequency impulse therapy. The design is built on an Arduino UNO development board, with five additional buttons and LED beads for display. Electrotherapy impulses of varying frequencies and duty ratios can be generated by pushing the correct button, and the device can be preconfigured to provide high, medium, or low levels of stimulation. Then, two amplifier circuits send the electrotherapy impulses to two electrodes that are placed on the skin's surface.

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Meador, J. L., A. Wu, C. Cole, N. Nintunze i P. Chintrakulchai. "Programmable impulse neural circuits". IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 2, nr 1 (1991): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/72.80295.

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Panas, Andrey I., Tao Yang i Leon O. Chua. "Experimental Results of Impulsive Synchronization Between Two Chua's Circuits". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 08, nr 03 (marzec 1998): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127498000437.

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Impulsive synchronization of chaotic dynamic systems has some important applications to chaotic secure communication and chaotic spread-spectrum communication systems. In this paper we present some experimental results on impulsive synchronization between two Chua's circuits. In our experiments, only one synchronizing impulse sequence is transmitted. The robustness of impulsive synchronization with respect to variations in the frequency and the width of impulses is studied. Experimental results show that robust impulsive synchronization can be achieved under noisy conditions and a 2% parameter mismatch between the driving system and the driven system. We also found that an amplified impulse sequence with a gain greater than unity can make the impulsive synchronization more robust. Moreover, we found that impulsive synchronization can be achieved with very narrow impulses.

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Tuethong, Piyapon, Peerawut Yutthagowith i Anantawat Kunakorn. "Effective Simulation Approach for Lightning Impulse Voltage Tests of Reactor and Transformer Windings". Energies 13, nr 20 (16.10.2020): 5399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205399.

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In this paper, an effective simulation method for lightning impulse voltage tests of reactor and transformer windings is presented. The method is started from the determination of the realized equivalent circuit of the considered winding in the wide frequency range from 10 Hz to 10 MHz. From the determined equivalent circuit and with the use of the circuit simulator, the circuit parameters in the impulse generator circuit are adjusted to obtain the waveform parameters according to the standard requirement. The realized equivalent circuits of windings for impulse voltage tests have been identified. The identification approach starts from equivalent circuit determination based on a vector fitting algorithm. However, the vector fitting algorithm with the equivalent circuit extraction is not guaranteed to obtain the realized equivalent circuit. From the equivalent circuit, it is possible that there are some negative parameters of resistance, inductance, and capacitance. Using such circuit parameters from the vector fitting approach as the beginning circuit parameters, a genetic algorithm is employed for searching equivalent circuit parameters with the constraints of positive values. The realized equivalent circuits of the windings can be determined. The validity of the combined algorithm is confirmed by comparison of the simulated results by the determined circuit model and the experimental results, and good agreement is observed. The proposed approach is very useful in lightning impulse tests on the reactor and transformer windings.

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Ebrahim, Abdulla H., i Sergey Yu Udovichenko. "Algorithms for building and operation modeling of large electrical circuits with memristor-diode crossbars in a biomorphic neuroprocessor". Tyumen State University Herald. Physical and Mathematical Modeling. Oil, Gas, Energy 8, nr 4 (2022): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7978-2022-8-4-163-178.

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The biomorphic neuroprocessor is the hardware implementation of the impulse neural network in which incoming information from a set of numbers is converted into impulses, and outgoing information, on the contrary, from impulses into binary code. For the automatic building of electrical circuits of the input coding and output decoding units in neuroprocessor using ultra-large logic matrices based on a memristor-diode crossbar, appropriate algorithms have been developed. For the subsequent imitation modeling of information processing in these units, as well as in the memory matrix of the neuroprocessor, the algorithm for calculating large electrical circuits containing memristor-diode crossbars has been created. This simulation algorithm is based on the well-known algorithm of Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis and includes original mathematical models of the memristor and the selective element of the Zener diode, as well as the algorithm for modeling the resistive switching of the memristor. The results of imitation modeling using the developed algorithms and corresponding programs showed the operability of the constructed electrical circuits of the input unit in the mode of encoding a binary number into a impulse frequency by a population of three neurons and the output unit of a neuroprocessor that decodes the impulses coming from neurons into binary format as well as the operability of the memory matrix under weighting and summing impulses. The created algorithms and programs package based on them can be used to effectively solve the engineering and technical problem of manufacturing a biomorphic neuroprocessor that requires modeling of information processing in individual neuroprocessor units based on large memristor-diode arrays in order to optimize their parameters.

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Glushko, V. I., i E. A. Deryugina. "DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF OVERVOLTAGE IN THE SECONDARY CIRCUITS OF SUBSTATIONS WHEN LIGHTNING IMPULSE VOLTAGE IS DISTRIBUTED IN HIGH-VOLTAGE BUSES". ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 60, nr 3 (17.05.2017): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2017-60-3-211-227.

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Lightning voltage impulse due to the waves of storm surge rolling out the high voltage line to a substation causes current to flow in the buses that, due to magnetic effect, induces overvoltage in the secondary circuit. Overvoltage in the system “wire – ground” is considered as obstructions which are hazard in relation to the possibility of electrical damage of the devices of relay protection and automation of substations. With the use of the inverse Laplace transformation, the solution of the problem the magnetic influence of the primary circuits to secondary circuits in the time domain depending on time of transition, which always occurs during the distribution of the voltage impulse in the buses, has been obtained. Estimation of the level of overvol tage in the system “wire – ground” for the case of failure of a bus nonlinear surges and arresters when lightning impulse of voltage is distributed on the buses along their length without deformation has been fulfilled. Solutions are obtained for overvoltage in the secondary circuits, according to which the levels of overvoltage can be estimated as “extremely stepped-up”, “lowered” and “averagely stepped-up” levels. With a method of computational experiment the levels of overvol tage for distribution substations with voltage 110 and 220 kV were assessed. The results are compared with the normalized values of the interference voltage. The suggested method of calculation of impulse magnetic influence of the primary circuits on the secondary circuits of substations while lightning impulse voltage is being distributed in high voltage buses for the case of failure of a nonlinear surge and arresters at the stage of design and operation of substations can be used as a test method for estimation of electrical durability of relay protection and automatic equipment from lightning and switching overvoltage.

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Ma'ruf, Jati Zen. "The Development of Physics Education Game on Direct Current Electric Circuit for Learners". Impulse: Journal of Research and Innovation in Physics Education 1, nr 1 (28.06.2021): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/impulse.2021.11-06.

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This study is the research of the development of physics education game application. This study has two purposes, namely to (1) developing multimedia for physics learning in the form of a physics education game on direct current electric circuits, (2) knowing the quality of educational game applications that have been produced according to experts, (3)knowing the user's (student's) response to the media of physics learning in the form of educational game applications related to direct current electrical circuit. The development procedure in this study refers to the Luther-Sutopo procedure consisting of the stage of concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. Data collection techniques in the research in this study using a questionnaire. The research instrument in this study was a validation and assessment sheet which was adapted from the rubric for evaluating C. Stewart's educational game, student response sheets, and the game tester response sheet. Product validation and assessment uses a Likert scale with 4 scales and students' responses use the Guttman scale, while the game tester response sheet uses descriptive analysis. The results of this study are products in the form of simulation physics education game applications in direct current electric circuits, the results of the validation and assessment of material experts and media experts, the educational game application scored 3.8 and 3.3 in a very good category. The results of the user’s (student’s) response to the direct current electric circuit educational game application developed got an average score of 0.97 with the agreed category.

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Duan, MingHui, LiQing Liu, Chuang Yao, JunJi Feng, Xiaoguang Ma, JuFang Wei, He Zhang i Hao Ma. "Research on cumulative effect and diagnosis method of transformer short-circuit impulse". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2477, nr 1 (1.04.2023): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2477/1/012034.

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Abstract After transformers suffer from short-circuit impact, their mechanical performance decreases significantly. This article establishes a two-wire vibration model to represent the coupling between forces and mechanics and analyzes the transient vibration signals of a 400 V transformer during 22 short-circuits impact. To illustrate the cumulative effect of short-circuits, the vibration entropy, and energy ratio of the main vibration frequency and half frequency are adopted. The results show that transient vibration signals of transformer in short-circuits contain half frequency components, such as 25 Hz and 75, etc., and with the increase of the number of short-circuits, plastic deformation exists in insulation material, which leads to the loss of winding clamping pressure, the reduction of natural frequency, and the upsurge of parametric resonance. With the increase of short circuits, the vibration entropy and half-frequency energy ratio increase, and the main frequency energy ratio decreases. After winding completely lose the axial stability, the vibration entropy and half frequency ratio decrease, and the main frequency ratio increases. The conclusion is of great significance to the analysis of the cumulative effect of short circuits on power transformers.

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Nguyen, Chi Kien, R. S. Kashaev i O. V. Kozelkov. "The impulse power unit for a portable proton magnet resonance relaxometer". Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, nr 6 (21.04.2020): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-6-111-117.

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In this paper described the switching power supply (SPS) unit and represented its importance for electronic circuits in electronic devices. SPS directly affect the operation of electrical circuits and electronic equipment. In particular, this paper describes its use in a portable proton-magnetic resonance (PMR) relaxometer. Especial attention is to the method of constructing the circuit, and also deals with the comparense of the SPS with a transformer power source. This article presents the structure of schematic diagram of the SPS. The SPS structure works without a transformer, which reduces the size of the system and increases overall efficiency. The proposed circuit structure is based on a push-pull controller, a high- frequency converter with an amplifier and a voltage multiplier circuit and a voltage stabilizer. The simulation and experiments confirm the proposed configuration of SPS.

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Trotsenko, Yevgeniy, Artem Nesterko, Volodymyr Chyzhevskyi i Mandar Dixit. "ESTIMATION OF VOLTAGE DROP IN INDUCTIVE REACTANCE OF CONNECTING WIRES OF SURGE ARRESTERS". Transactions of Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, nr 4(129) (23.08.2021): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/1995-0519.2021.4.157-162.

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Purpose. The results of studying the voltage drop in the inductive ractance of the connecting wires of surge arresters installed in open switchgear are presented. Methodology. Free software for circuit simulation was used to solve electri- cal circuits with nonlinear parameters. To take into account the differences between the negative and positive lightning current impulses, the oscillograms of real lightning currents were digitized using free specialized software. Results. The duration of the impulse front (as well as the total impulse duration) of the positive lightning significantly exceeds the corresponding parameters of the negative lightning current, so the charge carried by the positive lightning significantly exceeds the charge carried by the negative lightning. For these reasons, positive lightning, although less common than ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГЕТИКА, ЕЛЕКТРОТЕХНІКА ТА ЕЛЕКТРОМЕХАНІКА Вісник КрНУ імені Михайла Остроградського. Випуск 4/2021 (129) 162 negative lightning, is more dangerous. It is found that due to the slower front of the impulse, the voltage drop in induc- tive reactance of connecting wires of the surge arresters in the case of positive lightning in 8-11 times less than in the case of negative lightning. Analytical formulas for calculating the inductance of the connecting wires, which take into account the geometric dimensions of the wires, provide more accurate results than the average inductance value of 1.3 μH/m given in the literature. Originality. The approach takes into account the differences between impulses of light- ning currents of negative and positive polarity, which cannot be achieved with use of the approximation of lightning currents by simplified mathematical expressions. Practical value. It is found that voltage drops in the inductive reac- tance will be more dangerous in case of long wire lengths and negative lightning current impulses with a steep front. Conclusions. Further development of the proposed approach is seen in its use for the analysis of circuits for protection of electrical equipment of high-voltage electrical networks from lightning overvoltages using surge arresters. Refer- ences 15, figures 10.

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Goncharov, K. V. "Research of influence of pulse interference on the tone rail circuits". Science and Transport Progress, nr 40 (25.04.2012): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2012/7072.

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The work is devoted to the influence of pulse interference on the tone rail circuits. As a result of simulations, the mechanism of influence on the track receiver of tone rail circuit single impulse interference, periodic and random sequence of pulses has been investigated; «dangerous» levels of noise have been defined.

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Chandrakasan, Anantha P., Fred S. Lee, David D. Wentzloff, Vivienne Sze, Brian P. Ginsburg, Patrick P. Mercier, Denis C. Daly i RaÚl Blazquez. "Low-Power Impulse UWB Architectures and Circuits". Proceedings of the IEEE 97, nr 2 (luty 2009): 332–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2008.2008787.

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Nintunze, N., i A. Wu. "Modified Hebbian auto-adaptive impulse neural circuits". Electronics Letters 26, nr 19 (1990): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19901002.

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Pasuluri, Bindu Swetha, i V. J. K. Kishor Sonti. "Design of High-performance GDI Logic Based 8-tap FIR Filter At 45nm CMOS Technology Using Nikhilam Multiplier". International Journal of Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 16 (27.10.2022): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9101.2022.16.28.

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Over the past few decades, advances in IC technology have steadily shrunk feature sizes, necessitating the placement of more operational circuits on every chip. In designing digital circuits, a novel GDI based circuit is indeed the center of consideration, since it requires less power and achieves greater efficiency. GDI-based circuits mimic CMOS transistors but feature fewer transistors with a greater capacity for performance and reliability. This paper investigates the modelling and implementation of a Finite Impulse-Response (FIR) block developed utilizing GDI-based circuits as well as basic blocks. In this study, an eight-tap FIR architecture relying on GDI cells is created. The results reveal that even a FIR architecture with eight taps and GDI delivers reduced power consumption and performance improvement.

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Huang, Xin, Zhi Shun Chen, Cheng Yong Wang, Li Juan Zheng i Yue Xian Song. "Measurement of Micro-Drill Breakage during PCB Drilling". Materials Science Forum 836-837 (styczeń 2016): 592–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.836-837.592.

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Due to the weak rigidity of micro-drills and impulse effects, the micro-drill breakage is a common problem in printed circuit board micro-drilling. Traditional micro-drill breakage detection methods and principles, including vacuum-type, laser-type, and contact-type detection, were reviewed in this paper. The comparison of three detection methods showed that the contact-type detection can more satisfy the performance of CNC drilling machine. Three effective contact-detection circuits, including no transformer and rectifier circuit pulse-type, active-type, and trigger-type detection circuit, were introduced. And as a conclusion, differences of these detection methods were compared. Based on the characteristic of three effective micro-drill breakage contact detection circuits, the development trends and designs of innovative detection circuit were proposed to meet the challenges in micro-drill breakage measurement during PCB drilling.

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Yang, Shiju, Chuandong Li i Tingwen Huang. "Impulsive Control and Synchronization of Memristor-Based Chaotic Circuits". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 24, nr 12 (grudzień 2014): 1450162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127414501624.

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The memristor is a novel nonlinear passive circuit element which has the memory function, and the circuits based on the memristors might exhibit chaotic behavior. In this paper, we revisit a memristor-based chaotic circuit, and then investigate its stabilization and synchronization via impulsive control. By impulsive system theory, some sufficient conditions for the stabilization and synchronization of the memristor-based chaotic system are established. Moreover, an estimation of the upper bound of the impulse interval is proposed under the condition that the parameters of the chaotic system and the impulsive control law are well defined. To show the effectiveness of the theoretical results, numerical simulations are also presented.

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Ding, Haibo, Wenliang Zhao, Chengwu Diao i Min Li. "Electromagnetic Vibration Characteristics of Inter-Turn Short Circuits in High Frequency Transformer". Electronics 12, nr 8 (17.04.2023): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081884.

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As a common fault of transformer winding, inter-turn short circuits cause severe consequences, such as excessive current and serious deformation of winding. Aiming to solve the problem of inter-turn short circuit at the end-winding and middle-winding of high frequency transformers (HFT), this paper considers the electromagnetic vibration characteristics of inter-turn short circuits (interleaved winding and continuous winding) at different positions, and the HFT is established by the multi-physical field coupling principle. Coupling equations for the inter-turn short circuit, as well as electromagnetic force and sound pressure level, are established to characterize the vibration noise mechanism of inter-turn short circuits. Furthermore, the HFT equivalent model is simulated in 3D finite element method (FEM) to emulate the real transformer operation and investigate the impact of interleaved winding and continuous winding under inter-turn short circuit faults. The short-circuit current and axial flux leakage, as well as the harmonic response of vibration acceleration and sound pressure level distribution, are obtained when inter-turn short circuits occur at different positions. Finally, the results show that the electromagnetic effect of the inter-turn short circuit in end-winding is worse than it is in middle-winding. Advantages in resisting impulse current make interleaved winding superior to continuous winding in terms of vibration and noise.

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Abdullah, Musa Adam, Abdel Radi Abdel Rahman Abdel Gadir Abdel Rahman, Anoud Hassan Elzain Ageeb i Aasim Ahmed Babiker Suliman. "Transfer Function and Z-Transform of an Electrical System in MATLAB/Simulink". European Journal of Mathematics and Statistics 4, nr 3 (14.06.2023): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmath.2023.4.3.190.

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This paper presents the transfer function (T.F) and Z-Transform (Z.T) of an Circuits in MATLAB/Simulink. We have dealt with the electrical system, which consists of circuits in which there is a capacitor, resistance, and capacitance. Simulink is useful for obtaining the response of systems to input functions that are more complicated than step, impulse, ramp, or sine functions. The aims of this paper is to describe the solution of the equations of motion with One Degree and Two Degree Freedom of the equations of motion of the circuits by using transfer function equations in MATLAB/Simulink. We followed two applied mathematical methods to obtain the T.F and Z.F of a circuits in MATLAB/Simulink. Different graphics showed a close match result. Using these methods, researchers can effectively solve the RL and RLC circuit problems while presenting the results in excellent graphical form. The numerical approximation provides an acceptable result using the analytical one as a benchmark when we compare simulation results with analytical results.

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Holm, Sverre, Thomas Holm i Ørjan Grøttem Martinsen. "Simple circuit equivalents for the constant phase element". PLOS ONE 16, nr 3 (26.03.2021): e0248786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248786.

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The constant phase element (CPE) is a capacitive element with a frequency-independent negative phase between current and voltage which interpolates between a capacitor and a resistor. It is used extensively to model the complexity of the physics in e.g. the bioimpedance and electrochemistry fields. There is also a similar element with a positive phase angle, and both the capacitive and inductive CPEs are members of the family of fractional circuit elements or fractance. The physical meaning of the CPE is only partially understood and many consider it an idealized circuit element. The goal here is to provide alternative equivalent circuits, which may give rise to better interpretations of the fractance. Both the capacitive and the inductive CPEs can be interpreted in the time-domain, where the impulse and step responses are temporal power laws. Here we show that the current impulse responses of the capacitive CPE is the same as that of a simple time-varying series RL-circuit where the inductor’s value increases linearly with time. Similarly, the voltage response of the inductive CPE corresponds to that of a simple parallel RC circuit where the capacitor’s value increases linearly with time. We use the Micro-Cap circuit simulation program, which can handle time-varying circuits, for independent verification. The simulation corresponds exactly to the expected response from the proposed equivalents within 0.1% error. The realization with time-varying components correlates with known time-varying properties in applications, and may lead to a better understanding of the link between CPE and applications.

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Levine, Michael W. "An analysis of the cross-correlation between ganglion cells in the retina of goldfish". Visual Neuroscience 14, nr 4 (lipiec 1997): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800012682.

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AbstractNeighboring ganglion cells in the retinae of vertebrates show cross-correlation between their impulse trains. Cross-correlation is found both in maintained discharges and during responses to visual stimulation. There has been speculation about the function of this statistical dependence, but little is known about its genesis. This study examines the statistics of the interimpulse intervals preceding and those following impulses that coincide with an impulse in the other train. Short intervals are rarer than expected preceding a coincidence, regardless of the form of the cross-correlation. Short intervals are more common than expected following a coincidence when the cross-correlation is positive, but rarer than expected following coincidences during negative cross-correlation. These results contradict the extant models for cross-correlation, but may be explained by the multiplicative combination of a variable common input and the variability within each cell. In addition, the lag (relative timing of coincident impulses in the two cells) is found to be related to the maintained discharge rates of the cells, implying that the lags may be explained without invoking specific delay circuits.

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Shantona, Shanjida, Pran Kanai Saha i Md. Tawfiq Amin. "Design and Analysis of Impulse Radio (IR) Based UWB Transmitter with Antenna". MIST INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 10 (29.12.2022): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.47981/j.mijst.10(03)2022.337(01-09).

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The use of ultra-wideband (UWB) in target detection, radar and wireless connectivity, specifically in the medical world, has attracted a lot of attention. The concept that the IR-UWB system does not necessarily require carrier signals is one of its most appealing features. IR-UWB can transmit information using short Gaussian monocycle pulses. In light of these advantages, this paper proposes a novel UWB transmitter system which consists of UWB signal generating circuits and UWB antenna, which work together to create entire UWB transmitter. It is based on impulses and has a simple architecture with low power consumption. The proposed transmitter is realized in Cadence tools with 90nm CMOS technology and proposed UWB antenna is simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) simulator software. In addition, the transmitter circuit and the antenna are co-simulated using ADS software. The illustrated UWB transmitter uses a low-power supply and generates pulse amplitude with pulse duration of for the Gaussian monocycle pulse. Due to its increased output voltage swing and reduced power consumption when comparing to other circuits, the proposed architecture is functional and suitable for use in short-range wireless networks and medical applications.

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Ye, DD, DH Sun, MY Chen, HC Fang i N. Wang. "Novel Analysis Results of Impulse Current Mutual Inductor Circuits". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 486 (10.07.2019): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/486/1/012087.

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Hu, Qin Chun. "Analog Implementation of Wavelet Filter Based on Switched Current Circuits". Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (lipiec 2013): 588–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.588.

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Scheme for the implementation of wavelet filter using switched-current (SI) circuits is presented in this paper. The circuits are composed of analog filter bank whose impulse responses are the first derivative of Gaussian and its dilations. The transfer functions of the basic wavelet filter can be given by Pade approximation. Therefore wavelet filter can be conveniently implemented by SI circuits. Simulated results indicated a good performance of wavelet filter.

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28

Wang, Guoming, Woo-Hyun Kim, Jong-Hyuk Lee i Gyung-Suk Kil. "Condition monitoring and deterioration analysis of metal oxide varistor". Journal of Electrical Engineering 69, nr 5 (1.09.2018): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2018-0051.

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Abstract With the growing demand for application of metal-oxide varistor (MOV) in low-voltage electronic circuits for overvoltage protection, it is necessary to ensure its performance to avoid the short-circuit and the line-to-ground fault during operation. In this paper, a precise leakage current analyzer was developed to detect the total leakage current and third harmonic component of MOV for its condition monitoring. The voltage- and temperature-dependent measuring uncertainties were compensated using the multipliers. In addition, the deterioration characteristics of the MOV and the newly developed thermally protected metal-oxide varistor (TMOV) were investigated in the accelerated aging test. From the experimental results, the MOV deteriorated much faster under the lightning current impulse synchronized with power-frequency voltage. The thermally activated fuse of TMOV exploded under two types of impulses, which indicated that the TMOV is much more vulnerable and that it is difficult to diagnose the condition of energized TMOV in advance.

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29

Ketut Umiati, Ngurah Ayu, i Mochammad Facta. "Distribution Voltage of Quadruple Circuit Dual Voltage Tower Model During Lightning Strike". International Journal of Research and Review 9, nr 12 (29.12.2022): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20221276.

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Lightning strikes on transmission lines often triggers electrical blackout. A direct lightning strike to the ground wire or the structure of tower makes voltage rise along the tower and the voltage stress appear along the installed string insulators at the tower. A back flashover occurs as the voltage along the string insulator exceeds the maximum insulator withstand. Most of previous works carried out the impact of lightning strike for conventional tower with single voltage and maximum two circuits. In this report, the assignment was carried out by modelling the quadruple circuit dual voltage tower model. The tower carries two circuits with 500kV and other two circuits with 150kV working voltage. In this work, an approach to estimate passive element of tower impedance surge was implemented and then it is followed by several experiments through a simulations program to investigate to determine voltage stress of each stage of tower and the string insulations. Keywords: Tower Transmission, Lightning Strike, Impulse Voltage Stress

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Szczupak, Paweł, i Tomasz Kossowski. "Response of Drone Electronic Systems to a Standardized Lightning Pulse". Energies 14, nr 20 (12.10.2021): 6547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206547.

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This paper presents the results of experimental tests of the impulse response of selected, essential components of a drone. A standardized lightning pulse that is often used during immunity tests of electronic devices in the aviation industry was applied. A single-stroke voltage impulse generator, MIG0618SS, was capable of producing the desired pulses. The input voltage was injected into selected electronic circuits of the drone system and pulses were observed in different parts of the machine. This allowed us to build a model based on the transmittance of the circuits most exposed to lightning overvoltages. The conducted tests were supported by impedance measurements carried out with an LCR-8110G meter. The obtained results made possible the development of a preliminary drone simulation model, allowing us to determine the size of the disturbances arising in individual circuits during nearby lightning. A discussion of the influence of close lightning discharges on expected induced overvoltages in a drone electronics system is also conducted in the paper.

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31

Smajic, Jasmin, Roman Obrist, Martin Rüegg, Bogdan Cranganu-Cretu, Carlos Roy, Benjamin Weber i Ebrahim Rahimpour. "Lightning impulse modeling and simulation of dry-type and oil-immersed power- and distribution transformers". Journal of Energy - Energija 63, nr 1-4 (4.07.2022): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2014631-4183.

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This paper presents in detail numerical methods and techniques for lightning impulse (LI) modeling and simulation of power and distribution transformers. The modeling methods are based on equivalent circuits of transformer winding entities resulting from the initial winding discretization determined by the required accuracy. The parameters of the equivalent circuit such as resistances and self- and mutual capacitances and inductances are obtained from field simulations (FEM). The circuit equations of the transformer’s equivalent circuit written in the state space form yield a large system of differential equations that is solved in time-domain by using the standard Runge-Kutta numerical integration technique. The obtained solution represents the voltage distribution over the winding in each moment of the LI-time (50μs). The results verification by comparison against measurements is presented in detail.

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SHENG, CAIWANG, i XIAOQING ZHANG. "A CIRCUIT SIMPLIFICATION FOR AC POWER SUPPLY SPD". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, nr 05 (8.05.2014): 1450064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614500649.

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An attempt is made for simplifying the circuit structure of the surge protective device (SPD) installed on single-phase AC power supply lines of electronic systems. In the light of the drawback of the traditional circuit, a simplified circuit is proposed. The simplified circuit can substantially reduce the number of the protective components and the size of the SPD chassis. In order to compare the protective performances between the traditional and simplified circuits, an impulse experimental arrangement is built to measure their residual voltages. The measured results show that the voltage protection level of the simplified circuit is the same as that of the traditional circuit. Therefore, replacement of the traditional circuit by the simplified circuit is really feasible in lightning overvoltage protection of AC power supplies of electronic systems.

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Savastre, Alexandru, Catalin Nutu i Iulia Tomozei. "Pneumatic Stopper Cylinder: A Brief Overview". International Journal of Research and Review 10, nr 7 (5.07.2023): 5–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230712.

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The present article aims to increase knowledge of stopper cylinders with return spring. A stopper cylinder with return spring works in an ambient temperature of between 253.15K and 353.15K. The stopper cylinder used in this article is only a pneumatic actuator. After introduction, the authors analyse two pneumatic circuits using stopper cylinders. The first pneumatic scheme contains the following devices: stopper cylinder (STC 1-1), throttle check valves, 5/3-way valve, air service unit and compressed air supplies. The second pneumatic circuit contains the following devices: stopper cylinders (STC 2-1 and STC 2-2), throttle valves, 5/2-way impulse valve, 3/2-way valves and compressed air supplies. Moreover, the authors study two more electro-pneumatic schemes with stopper cylinders. Thus, the third circuit contains the following devices: stopper cylinder (STC 3-1), throttle valves, relays, 5/2-way solenoid impulse valve, pressure switch, lamp, relay counter, valves solenoid, magnetic proximity switches and compressed air supply. Finally, the fourth circuit contains the following devices: stopper cylinder (STC 4-1), throttle valve, 5/2-way solenoid valve, logic module, valves solenoid, relay and lamp. Keywords: pneumatic, stopper, cylinder, trunnion, valve

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Mohammadpour, Amin, i Abdolreza Nabavi. "Analysis of nonidealities of N‐path circuits using impulse response". International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 48, nr 4 (kwiecień 2020): 539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.2769.

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35

Edirisinghe, Mahesh, Raul Montaño, Vernon Cooray i F. Roman. "Performance Comparison of Varistor Models under High Current Derivative Impulses". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 11 (wrzesień 2013): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.11.40.

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Surge protective devices (SPD) testing procedures are mainly performed with standard current pulse types. However, none of these standard current waveforms reproduce the very fast rise time and the large peak current derivatives observed in subsequent return strokes. In the literature there are several mathematical models to represent metal oxide varistor that have been developed based on standard impulse conditions. These models are being used routinely in the analysis of the various electronic circuits under transient conditions. In this paper, a study was conducted to have a performance comparison between the two varistor models, simplified varistor model and Durbak's model, available in the literature under high current derivative impulses. The experiments and simulations were performed on disk type varistors with different diameter sizes, i.e., 20 mm, 10 mm, and 05mm with nominal operating voltage of 230 V. The Roman Generator developed at Uppsala University was used as the high current derivative impulse generator which can produce a peak current up to 1500 A with 10 ns rise time and its rate-of-rise is in the order of 1011 A/s. The results showed that for standard 8/20 µs lightning impulses, simulation results of these models had a good agreement with the experimental data. However, these two models need to be improving in order to improve their performance under high current derivative impulses into the sub-microsecond range.

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36

Edirisinghe, Mahesh, Raul Montaño, Vernon Cooray i F. Roman. "Performance Comparison of Varistor Models under High Current Derivative Impulses". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 11 (2.04.2013): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-w4ws97.

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Surge protective devices (SPD) testing procedures are mainly performed with standard current pulse types. However, none of these standard current waveforms reproduce the very fast rise time and the large peak current derivatives observed in subsequent return strokes. In the literature there are several mathematical models to represent metal oxide varistor that have been developed based on standard impulse conditions. These models are being used routinely in the analysis of the various electronic circuits under transient conditions. In this paper, a study was conducted to have a performance comparison between the two varistor models, simplified varistor model and Durbak's model, available in the literature under high current derivative impulses. The experiments and simulations were performed on disk type varistors with different diameter sizes, i.e., 20 mm, 10 mm, and 05mm with nominal operating voltage of 230 V. The Roman Generator developed at Uppsala University was used as the high current derivative impulse generator which can produce a peak current up to 1500 A with 10 ns rise time and its rate-of-rise is in the order of 1011 A/s. The results showed that for standard 8/20 µs lightning impulses, simulation results of these models had a good agreement with the experimental data. However, these two models need to be improving in order to improve their performance under high current derivative impulses into the sub-microsecond range.

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37

Mehdi, Hassan, Sebastien Mons, Abderrazak Bennadji, Edouard Ngoya i Raymond Quere. "Improvement of the envelope – transient S-parameters' simulation in circuit and system simulation". International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, nr 6 (17.11.2011): 657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000717.

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This paper focuses on the behavioral modeling of the passive RF blocks from frequency-domain samples. This work is based on vector fitting (VF) approach which is a robust method for MIMO system identification in the frequency domain. This paper addresses firstly the problem of convergence using envelope transient (ET) on complex circuits, i.e. power amplifiers (PAs), where linear sub-circuits are widely described through S-parameters matrices derived from ElectroMagnetic (EM) simulations. An alternative way leads to combine VF method with an RLC synthesis process at the circuit level. This approach is validated on a simple circuit case and generalized to MIMO systems. Second application is the behavioral modeling of MIMO blocks at system level in a high-level spice-like system simulation tool which allows “Control Flow” simulations. The proposed approach combines on one hand the VF method with and impulse responses evaluation on the other hand. In consequence, bilateral behavioral models of MIMO system can be efficiently achieved irrespective of the number of access. This method is validated at once on simple and complex MIMO blocks. As a result, the topological behavioral modeling of complex PAs, which distinguish linear sub-circuits and nonlinear ones, is now possible in a high-level time-domain CAD tool.

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38

Tykhovod, Sergii, i Ihor Orlovskyi. "Development and Research of Method in the Calculation of Transients in Electrical Circuits Based on Polynomials". Energies 15, nr 22 (15.11.2022): 8550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228550.

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Long electromagnetic transients occur in electrical systems because of switching and impulse actions As a result, the simulation time of such processes can be long, which is undesirable. Simulation time is significantly increased if the circuit in the study is complex, and also if this circuit is described by a rigid system of state equations. Modern requests of design engineers require an increase in the speed of calculations for realizing a real-time simulation. This work is devoted to the development of a unified spectral method for calculating electromagnetic transients in electrical circuits based on the representation of solution functions by series in algebraic and orthogonal polynomials. The purpose of the work is to offer electrical engineers a method that can significantly reduce the time for modeling transients in electrical circuits. Research methods. Approximation of functions by orthogonal polynomials, numerical methods for integrating differential equations, matrix methods, programming and theory of electrical circuits. Obtained results. Methods for calculating transients in electrical circuits based on the approximation of solution functions by series in algebraic polynomials as well as in the Chebyshev, Hermite and Legendre polynomials, have been developed and investigated. The proposed method made it possible to convert integro-differential equations of state into linear algebraic equations for images of time-dependent functions. The developed circuit model simplifies the calculation method. The images of true current functions are interpreted as direct currents in the proposed equivalent circuit. A computer program for simulating the transient process in an electrical circuit was developed on the basis of the described methods. The performed comparison of methods made it possible to choose the best method and a way to use it. The advantages of the presented method over other known methods are to reduce the simulation time of electromagnetic transients (for the considered examples by more than 6 times) while ensuring the required accuracy. The calculation of the process in the circuit over a long time interval showed a decrease and stabilization of errors, which indicates the prospects for using research methods for calculating complex electrical circuits.

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39

Curreri, John, Greg Stitt i Alan D. George. "High-Level Synthesis of In-Circuit Assertions for Verification, Debugging, and Timing Analysis". International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2011 (2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/406857.

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Despite significant performance and power advantages compared to microprocessors, widespread usage of FPGAs has been limited by increased design complexity. High-level synthesis (HLS) tools have reduced design complexity but provide limited support for verification, debugging, and timing analysis. Such tools generally rely on inaccurate software simulation or lengthy register-transfer-level simulations, which are unattractive to software developers. In this paper, we introduce HLS techniques that allow application designers to efficiently synthesize commonly used ANSI-C assertions into FPGA circuits, enabling verification and debugging of circuits generated from HLS tools, while executing in the actual FPGA environment. To verify that HLS-generated circuits meet execution timing constraints, we extend the in-circuit assertion support for testing of elapsed time for arbitrary regions of code. Furthermore, we generalize timing assertions to transparently provide hang detection that back annotates hang occurrences to source code. The presented techniques enable software developers to rapidly verify, debug, and analyze timing for FPGA applications, while reducing frequency by less than 3% and increasing FPGA resource utilization by 0.7% or less for several application case studies on the Altera Stratix-II EP2S180 and Stratix-III EP3SE260 using Impulse-C. The presented techniques reduced area overhead by as much as 3x and improved assertion performance by as much as 100% compared to unoptimized in-circuit assertions.

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40

Balashov, D., M. I. Khabipov, F.-Im Buchholz, W. Kessel i J. Niemeyer. "SINIS fabrication process for realizing integrated circuits in RSFQ impulse logic". Superconductor Science and Technology 12, nr 11 (1.11.1999): 864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/12/11/351.

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Saiapina, Inna, Mykhailo Babaiev i Olha Аnanіevа. "Reducing noise influence on an audio frequency track circuit". MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929403015.

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In connection with electromagnetic interference influence on the track circuits, the purpose of the research is finding the means to increase the noise immunity of an audio frequency track circuit. The authors propose a new engineering solution, which enables reducing the effect of noises on the input of the track receiver in the intervals between signal current pulses. The proposed noise-immune audio frequency track circuit is based on inserting a delay line, an adjustable single-pulse generator and a controlled electronic switch into the existing audio frequency track circuit equipment. To analyze its efficiency, the operation of the audio frequency track circuit was simulated under conditions of traction current disturbances, impulse and fluctuation interferences with the known parameters. The results show that proposed device for railway transport allows to increase a signal-to-noise ratio on the track receiver input from 8% to 30%, depending on the interference parameters and the level of the useful signal.

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42

Salugin, Aleksandr Nikolaevich, i Marina Vladimirovna Vlasenko. "Mathematical Models of the Dynamic Stability of Arid Pasture Ecosystems in the South of Russia". Agronomy 12, nr 6 (16.06.2022): 1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12061448.

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In this study, the issue of the ecological stability of the soil and vegetation cover of the North-Western Near-Caspian arid zones within the borders of the Black Lands (BL) of the Republic of Kalmykia was considered. Modeling was carried out of the open systems’ thermodynamics principles using continuous and discrete formalisms. Models presented in the form of systems of ordinary differential equations, Markov’s circuits, and autonomous impulse processes show the possibility of their application in the management of pasture feed stocks. Modeling with the systems of differential equations makes it possible to identify points of stable states of pasture systems. Markov circuits are able to establish an optimal animal load on these systems. A computational algorithm for determining the stability of pasture ecosystems using autonomous impulse processes allows optimization problems to be solved to determine the conditions for the spread of external influences. Computational experiments were carried out to determine the parameters of the model corresponding to the sustainable mode of operation in arid pasture ecosystems.

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43

Vsevolod Horyachko, Vsevolod, Oksana Hoholyuk, Taras Ryzhyi i Serhiy Rendzinyak. "Mathematical model of electrical activity of biological network areas". Computational Problems of Electrical Engineering 9, nr 2 (10.11.2019): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jcpee2019.02.008.

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In the paper, the mathematical model describing the generation of action potential and propagation of an impulse in the neuron's filaments on the basis of the analysis of parametric electriс circuits with distributed parameters and the mathematical model of synaptic interneuron connections are proposed. Developed models allow taking into account the influence of such factors as geometric, physical and chemical parameters of the neuron's filaments and the presence of different neurotransmitters in chemical synapses on transmitting a neural impulse. Further, such models can be used for investigating the conditions of neuron firing at spatial and time integration of input signals, as well as for the simulation of neuromuscular junctions.

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Ijaz, Muhammad, Syed Azhar Ali Zaidi i Aamir Rashid. "Uniform patterns based area-efficient and accurate stochastic computing finite impulse response filter". PLOS ONE 16, nr 1 (27.01.2021): e0245943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245943.

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Stochastic computing has recently gained attention due to its low hardware complexity and better fault tolerance against soft errors. However, stochastic computing based circuits suffer from different errors which affect the output accuracy of these circuits. In this paper, an accurate and area-efficient stochastic computing based digital finite impulse response filter is designed. In the proposed work, constant uniform patterns are used as stochastic numbers for the select lines of different MUXes in the filter and the error performance of filter is analysed. Based on the error performance, the combinations of these patterns are proposed for reducing the output error of stochastic computing based filters. The architectures for generating these uniform patterns are also proposed. Results show that the proposed design methodology has better error performance and comparable hardware complexity as compared to the state-of-the-art implementations.

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Chaykovskiy, A. S. "Taking into account the initial conditions of reactive components in the analysis temporal characteristics of electronic circuits". Electronics and Communications 15, nr 5 (29.03.2010): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2312-1807.2010.58.5.284545.

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The influence of the initial charge on the capacitors and the initial current in the inductors of the electronic circuit on its transient and impulse characteristics. It is shown that the temporal characteristics of an electronic circuit essentially depend not only on the input signal, but also on the initial conditions for reactive circuit components

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46

Karasawa, Shinji. "Forming of intelligence that is intermittently opened to the real world: How a newborn baby acquires primitive intelligence". Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646785.

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The brain intermittently captures a representation of outer world through multiple sensors. It does not need a feedback circuit, because the renewed operation will be soon processed. The brain is able to run independently from the real world. But the operation is carried out by the memory that was implemented through its experiences. Activity of human is always biased by a motivational state. But it is a current activated state of the brain in which model of outer world is involved. A newborn baby makes behavior without motivation. The first stage of self-organizing intelligent system does not know the desired goal, because the neuron does not distinguish afferent pathway and efferent pathway. A neuron is considered as a representation of its inputs. The representation on intermittent concurrent stimuli is memorized at the activity. The stimuli captured from various monitors make sub-groups partially. The representation of a part is shared in the network of neurons. Although the result of reaction will change the situation, the implemented circuits are used for the next reaction. The brain works by partial activations of the hierarchical networks of the representations. An intelligent electronic impulse driven circuit was manufactured in order to demonstrate as a simple model of the open-loop controller. Each activated state of the model is transferred to the activated state specified by the impulse that comes from individual input.

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Kossowski, Tomasz, i Paweł Szczupak. "Identification of Lightning Overvoltage in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles". Energies 15, nr 18 (9.09.2022): 6609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186609.

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This paper presents research on the model developed in the Matlab environment for simulating effects of overvoltage in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) upon lightning discharge. They are based on transmittance obtained from voltage surge impulse measured in drone circuits. Overvoltage waveforms were measured at the input and output of different parts of the machine. It was then possible to calculate the transmittance of those (chosen) circuits. The motors, supply system, communication lines, and sensors were primarily tested. Both positive and negative polarization of the surge pulse were used and compared. The shape of pulse, is standardized by international norms for avionics tests (RTCA DO-160). The special surge generators were used to prepare the same repetition of each pulse (for all measurements). The simplified model of surge pulses propagation in drone circuits was prepared in Matlab. The differential between direct and step-by-step paths of pulse propagation in some connected circuits were also compared.

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Khalesi, Hassan, i Vahid Ghods. "QPSK Modulation Scheme Based on Orthogonal Gaussian Pulses for IR-UWB Communication Systems". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, nr 01 (15.10.2018): 1950008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619500087.

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A new impulse radio-ultra wideband (IR-UWB) communication system with quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation scheme was presented in this research. The system utilized orthogonal property of fourth- and fifth-order derivatives of Gaussian pulses for modulation and time hopping (TH) multiple-access scheme. This system was compared with conventional TH-PPM and TH-BPSK systems at the same condition. The simulation results in multipath channel showed that the proposed system can provide better bit rate performance compared with the conventional IR-UWB system. A very low power and low complexity circuit for generation of the fourth-order derivative of Gaussian pulse was also proposed. The circuits of fourth- and fifth-order derivatives of Gaussian pulses were simulated using a 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS technology. The core chip size was only 0.015[Formula: see text]mm2. The output amplitude pulse yielded 135[Formula: see text]mV peak to peak under a supply voltage of 1.8[Formula: see text]V. The energy consumption of the fourth- and fifth-order derivatives of Gaussian pulses circuits were 8[Formula: see text]pJ/pulse for 200[Formula: see text]MHz pulse-repeating frequency (PRF).

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Pushpalatha, P., i K. Babulu. "Design and implementation of systolic architecture based FIR filter". i-manager's Journal on Digital Signal Processing 10, nr 1 (2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jdp.10.1.18852.

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In signal processing, a filter is a device or process that removes some unwanted components or features from a signal. Digital filters are mainly divided into Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters and Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters. FIR filters are mostly used in applications like image processing, communications, Digital Signal Processing (DSP) etc. One of the most used filters for designing of VLSI circuits is FIR filter. Systolic architecture is a Processing Element (PE) network that generates and passes data rhythmically through the system. The concept of systolic architecture can map high-level computing into hardware structures. FIR filter with systolic architectures provide better examples for efficient VLSI and FPGA implementations of many digital signal processing applications because of their modularity and regularity features.

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Filipović-Grčić, Božidar, Dalibor Filipović-Grčić i Petar Gabrić. "Estimation of load capacitance and stray inductance in lightning impulse voltage test circuits". Electric Power Systems Research 119 (luty 2015): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2014.11.007.

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