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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Immunological adjuvants”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 1 sierpnia 2024

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1

Correa, Victor Araujo, Amanda Izeli Portilho i Elizabeth De Gaspari. "Immunological Effects of Dimethyldioctadecylammonium Bromide and Saponin as Adjuvants for Outer Membrane Vesicles from Neisseria meningitidis". Diseases 10, nr 3 (19.07.2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases10030046.

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The meningococcal disease is a global health threat, but is preventable through vaccination. Adjuvants improve meningococcal vaccines and are able to trigger different aspects of the immune response. The present work evaluated the immune response of mice against Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane vesicles (OMV) complexed with the adjuvants aluminium hydroxide (AH), via subcutaneous route; and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) or Saponin (Sap), via intranasal/subcutaneous routes. ELISA demonstrated that all adjuvants increased IgG titers after the booster dose, remaining elevated for 18 months. Additionally, adjuvants increased the avidity of the antibodies and the bactericidal titer: OMVs alone were bactericidal until 1:4 dilution but, when adjuvanted by Alum, DDA or Sap, it increased to 1/32. DDA and Sap increased all IgG isotypes, while AH improved IgG1 and IgG2a levels. Thus, Sap led to the recognition of more proteins in Immunoblot, followed by DDA and AH. Sap and AH induced higher IL-4 and IL-17 release, respectively. The use of adjuvants improved both cellular and humoral immune response, however, each adjuvant contributed to particular parameters. This demonstrates the importance of studying different adjuvant options and their suitability to stimulate different immune mechanisms, modulating the immune response.

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Martiñón, Susana, Angel Cisneros, Sergio Villicaña, Ricardo Hernández-Miramontes, Edgar Mixcoha i Psyché Calderón-Vargas. "Chemical and Immunological Characteristics of Aluminum-Based, Oil-Water Emulsion, and Bacterial-Origin Adjuvants". Journal of Immunology Research 2019 (8.05.2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3974127.

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Adjuvants are a diverse family of substances whose main objective is to increase the strength, quality, and duration of the immune response caused by vaccines. The most commonly used adjuvants are aluminum-based, oil-water emulsion, and bacterial-origin adjuvants. In this paper, we will discuss how the election of adjuvants is important for the adjuvant-mediated induction of immunity for different types of vaccines. Aluminum-based adjuvants are the most commonly used, the safest, and have the best efficacy, due to the triggering of a strong humoral response, albeit generating a weak induction of cell-mediated immune response. Freund’s adjuvant is the most widely used oil-water emulsion adjuvant in animal trials; it stimulates inflammation and causes aggregation and precipitation of soluble protein antigens that facilitate the uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Adjuvants of bacterial origin, such as flagellin,E. colimembranes, and monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA), are known to potentiate immune responses, but their safety and risks are the main concern of their clinical use. This minireview summarizes the mechanisms that classic and novel adjuvants produce to stimulate immune responses.

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Trier, Nicole H., Esin Güven, Kristin Skogstrand, Evaldas Ciplys, Rimantas Slibinskas i Gunnar Houen. "Comparison of immunological adjuvants". APMIS 127, nr 9 (26.07.2019): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apm.12976.

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Heath, A. W., i J. H. L. Playfair. "Cytokines as immunological adjuvants". Vaccine 10, nr 7 (styczeń 1992): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-410x(92)90389-2.

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Borek, F. "Immunological adjuvants and vaccines". Journal of Immunological Methods 135, nr 1-2 (grudzień 1990): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(90)90286-5.

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Stewart-Tull, D. "Symposium on immunological adjuvants". Vaccine 3, nr 2 (czerwiec 1985): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-410x(85)90092-1.

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Kim, Jeremiah Y., Matthew G. Rosenberger, Nakisha S. Rutledge i Aaron P. Esser-Kahn. "Next-Generation Adjuvants: Applying Engineering Methods to Create and Evaluate Novel Immunological Responses". Pharmaceutics 15, nr 6 (8.06.2023): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15061687.

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Adjuvants are a critical component of vaccines. Adjuvants typically target receptors that activate innate immune signaling pathways. Historically, adjuvant development has been laborious and slow, but has begun to accelerate over the past decade. Current adjuvant development consists of screening for an activating molecule, formulating lead molecules with an antigen, and testing this combination in an animal model. There are very few adjuvants approved for use in vaccines, however, as new candidates often fail due to poor clinical efficacy, intolerable side effects, or formulation limitations. Here, we consider new approaches using tools from engineering to improve next-generation adjuvant discovery and development. These approaches will create new immunological outcomes that will be evaluated with novel diagnostic tools. Potential improved immunological outcomes include reduced vaccine reactogenicity, tunable adaptive responses, and enhanced adjuvant delivery. Evaluations of these outcomes can leverage computational approaches to interpret “big data” obtained from experimentation. Applying engineering concepts and solutions will provide alternative perspectives, further accelerating the field of adjuvant discovery.

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Yan, Yu, Dan Yao i Xiaoyu Li. "Immunological Mechanism and Clinical Application of PAMP Adjuvants". Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery 16, nr 1 (25.05.2021): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574892816666210201114712.

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Background: The host innate immune system can recognize Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) through Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), thereby initiating innate immune responses and subsequent adaptive immune responses. PAMPs can be developed as a vaccine adjuvant for modulating and optimizing antigen-specific immune responses, especially in combating viral infections and tumor therapy. Although several PAMP adjuvants have been successfully developed they are still lacking in general, and many of them are in the preclinical exploration stage. Objective: This review summarizes the research progress and development direction of PAMP adjuvants, focusing on their immune mechanisms and clinical applications. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were screened for this information. We highlight the immune mechanisms and clinical applications of PAMP adjuvants. Results: Because of the differences in receptor positions, specific immune cells targets, and signaling pathways, the detailed molecular mechanism and pharmacokinetic properties of one agonist cannot be fully generalized to another agonist, and each PAMP should be studied separately. In addition, combination therapy and effective integration of different adjuvants can increase the additional efficacy of innate and adaptive immune responses. Conclusion: The mechanisms by which PAMPs exert adjuvant functions are diverse. With continuous discovery in the future, constant adjustments should be made to build new understandings. At present, the goal of therapeutic vaccination is to induce T cells that can specifically recognize and eliminate tumor cells and establish long-term immune memory. Following immune checkpoint modulation therapy, cancer treatment vaccines may be an option worthy of clinical testing.

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Golshan, Aneesa, i George Hui. "Uptake and activation profile of murine dendritic cells in response to stimulation with functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles". Journal of Immunology 204, nr 1_Supplement (1.05.2020): 91.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.91.20.

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Abstract Subunit vaccines typically have better safety profiles than live attenuated or killed whole-cell vaccines, but are often less immunogenic and less efficacious when deployed alone. Thus, immunological adjuvants are frequently formulated with subunit vaccines to improve efficacy. However, few vaccine adjuvants are FDA-approved; and for many adjuvants their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. We previously explored the use of iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (NPs) in subunit vaccine delivery and show that the IO NPs also possess adjuvant-like qualities, eliminating the need for additional adjuvants in the vaccine formulation. This study further dissects the mode of action of IO NPs as immunological adjuvants by examining the relationship of particle size and uptake on the activation profile of murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in response to in vitro stimulation with functionalized IO NPs. Using IO NPs of sizes ranging 5 – 30 nm, we showed by flow cytometry immunophenotyping that only IOs of 20nm and 30nm could induce an activated BMDC subset. The level of NP uptake by BMDCs, as measured by Prussian Blue staining, also varied with particle size, with IO of 5nm being the most efficiently internalized. Intriguingly, the levels of BMDC activation did not correlate with the level of IO NP uptake. We hypothesize only IO NPs taken up via selective endocytic pathways will activate BMDCs. The production of cytokine/chemokines by these BMDCs as further characterizations of the adjuvant-like profiles of IO NPs in relation to particle size and cellular uptake is currently being examined. These studies begin to dissect the mode of action of IO NPs as a self-adjuvanted vaccine delivery system on the innate-adaptive immune interface.

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10

Israeli, E., N. Agmon-Levin, M. Blank i Y. Shoenfeld. "Adjuvants and autoimmunity". Lupus 18, nr 13 (30.10.2009): 1217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203309345724.

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Some adjuvants may exert adverse effects upon injection or, on the other hand, may not trigger a full immunological reaction. The mechanisms underlying adjuvant adverse effects are under renewed scrutiny because of the enormous implications for vaccine development. In the search for new and safer adjuvants, several new adjuvants were developed by pharmaceutical companies utilizing new immunological and chemical innovations. The ability of the immune system to recognize molecules that are broadly shared by pathogens is, in part, due to the presence of special immune receptors called toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are expressed on leukocyte membranes. The very fact that TLR activation leads to adaptive immune responses to foreign entities explains why so many adjuvants used today in vaccinations are developed to mimic TLR ligands. Alongside their supportive role, adjuvants were found to inflict by themselves an illness of autoimmune nature, defined as ‘the adjuvant diseases’. The debatable question of silicone as an adjuvant and connective tissue diseases, as well as the Gulf War syndrome and macrophagic myofaciitis which followed multiple injections of aluminium-based vaccines, are presented here. Owing to the adverse effects exerted by adjuvants, there is no doubt that safer adjuvants need to be developed and incorporated into future vaccines. Other needs in light of new vaccine technologies are adjuvants suitable for use with mucosally delivered vaccines, DNA vaccines, cancer and autoimmunity vaccines. In particular, there is demand for safe and non-toxic adjuvants able to stimulate cellular (Th1) immunity. More adjuvants were approved to date besides alum for human vaccines, including MF59 in some viral vaccines, MPL, AS04, AS01B and AS02A against viral and parasitic infections, virosomes for HBV, HPV and HAV, and cholera toxin for cholera. Perhaps future adjuvants occupying other putative receptors will be employed to bypass the TLR signaling pathway completely in order to circumvent common side effects of adjuvant-activated TLRs such as local inflammation and the general malaise felt because of the costly whole-body immune response to antigen. Lupus (2009) 18, 1217—1225.

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11

Magnani, M., L. Chiarantini, E. Vittoria, U. Mancini, L. Rossi i A. Fazi. "Red blood cells as an antigen‐delivery system". Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 16, nr 2 (październik 1992): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-8744.1992.tb00221.x.

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The use of adjuvants is usually required to induce strong immunological responses to protein antigens. However, in many cases these adjuvants cannot be extensively applied in human and veterinary vaccinations because of associated inflammatory reactions or granuloma formation. We show here that protein antigens (bovine serum albumin, hog liver uricase, and yeast hexokinase), coupled to autologous red blood cells by way of a biotin‐avidin‐biotin bridge, elicit an immunological response in mice similar to or higher than that obtained by the use of Freund's adjuvant. Quantities as low as 0.5 micrograms/mouse are high enough to generate these immunological responses. Furthermore, splenocytes of mice immunized by red blood cell‐coupled antigens can be used to generate hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies. Thus, the delivery of antigens by autologous red blood cells is an effective way to avoid the use of adjuvants for producing anti‐peptide antibodies and possibly to generate peptide vaccines.

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NASH, A. D., S. A. LOFTHOUSE, G. J. BARCHAM, H. J. JACOBS, K. ASHMAN, E. N. T. MEEUSEN, M. R. BRANDON i A. E. ANDREWS. "Recombinant cytokines as immunological adjuvants". Immunology and Cell Biology 71, nr 5 (październik 1993): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/icb.1993.43.

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Purchase, H. Graham. "Vaccines: New generation immunological adjuvants". Preventive Veterinary Medicine 31, nr 3-4 (sierpień 1997): 295–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-5877(96)01151-8.

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Warren, H. S., F. R. Vogel i L. A. Chedid. "Current Status of Immunological Adjuvants". Annual Review of Immunology 4, nr 1 (kwiecień 1986): 369–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.04.040186.002101.

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Zayneeva, Roza Shamilevna, Aygul' Kamilovna Gil'mutdinova, Igor' Olegovich Zolotovskiy, Anna Vyacheslavovna Khokhlova, Valeriya Aleksandrovna Ribenek i Tat'yana Petrovna Gening. "LASER ADJUVANTS: KEY FEATURES AND SPECIFICITY". Ulyanovsk Medico-biological Journal, nr 4 (26.12.2022): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/2227-1848-2022-4-93-108.

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Increasing the vaccine effectiveness and the search for new adjuvants that directly influence immunocompetent cells and stimulate the development of a pronounced adaptive immune response remain significant problems for modern medicine. Currently, aluminum salts and other chemicals with certain side effects are used as adjuvants. Therefore, it is relevant to search for other methods to increase vaccine effectiveness while reducing its toxic effect on the patients. One of such methods is laser irradiation of the injection sites, which, among other things, makes it possible to reduce vaccine amount. The purpose of this review is to analyze publications on the use of laser to stimulate the immune response. Four different classes of lasers are known to systemically enhance the immune response to intradermal vaccination: pulsed lasers, continuous mode lasers, non-ablative fractional lasers, and ablative fractional lasers. Each laser vaccine adjuvant is characterized by radiation parameters, modes of action, and immunological adjuvant effects that differ significantly. The authors consider main classes of lasers used as immunological adjuvants. The specificity of each laser will help to choose the most effective option to achieve the clinical goal when using a particular vaccine.

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Feng, Yibo, Xiaojuan Zhao, Fang Lv, Jinqiu Zhang, Bihua Deng, Yanhong Zhao, Yuanliang Hu i in. "Optimization on Preparation Conditions of Salidroside Liposome and Its Immunological Activity on PCV-2 in Mice". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/178128.

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The aim of this study was to optimize the preparation conditions of salidroside liposome with high encapsulation efficiency (EE) and to study the immunological enhancement activity of salidroside liposome as porcine circovirus type 2 virus (PCV-2) vaccine adjuvant. Response surface methodology (RSM) was selected to optimize the conditions for the preparation of salidroside liposome using Design-Expert V8.0.6 software. Three kinds of salidroside liposome adjuvants were prepared to study their adjuvant activity. BALB/c mice were immunized with PCV-2 encapsulated in different kinds of salidroside liposome adjuvants. The PCV-2-specific IgG in immunized mice serum was determined with ELISA. The results showed that when the concentration of ammonium sulfate was 0.26 mol·L−1, ethanol volume 6.5 mL, temperature 43°C, ethanol injection rate 3 mL·min−1, and salidroside liposome could be prepared with high encapsulation efficiency of 94.527%. Salidroside liposome as adjuvant could rapidly induce the production of PCV-2-specific IgG and salidroside liposome I adjuvant proved to provide the best effect among the three kinds of salidroside liposome adjuvants.

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Cross, Alan. "Vaccine Adjuvants: Immunological and Clinical Principles." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 74, nr 4 (1.04.2006): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2006.74.4.0740701.

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BARR, T., J. CARLRING i A. HEATH. "Co-stimulatory agonists as immunological adjuvants". Vaccine 24, nr 17 (24.04.2006): 3399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.02.022.

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Gregoriadis, Gregory. "Immunological adjuvants: a role for liposomes". Immunology Today 11 (styczeń 1990): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(90)90034-7.

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Dalla Pietà, Anna, Debora Carpanese, Antonella Grigoletto, Anna Tosi, Silvia Dalla Santa, Gabriel Kristian Pedersen, Dennis Christensen i in. "Hyaluronan is a natural and effective immunological adjuvant for protein-based vaccines". Cellular & Molecular Immunology 18, nr 5 (24.03.2021): 1197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-021-00667-y.

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AbstractOne of the main goals of vaccine research is the development of adjuvants that can enhance immune responses and are both safe and biocompatible. We explored the application of the natural polymer hyaluronan (HA) as a promising immunological adjuvant for protein-based vaccines. Chemical conjugation of HA to antigens strongly increased their immunogenicity, reduced booster requirements, and allowed antigen dose sparing. HA-based bioconjugates stimulated robust and long-lasting humoral responses without the addition of other immunostimulatory compounds and proved highly efficient when compared to other adjuvants. Due to its intrinsic biocompatibility, HA allowed the exploitation of different injection routes and did not induce inflammation at the inoculation site. This polymer promoted rapid translocation of the antigen to draining lymph nodes, thus facilitating encounters with antigen-presenting cells. Overall, HA can be regarded as an effective and biocompatible adjuvant to be exploited for the design of a wide variety of vaccines.

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Guerrini, Giuditta, Antonio Vivi, Sabrina Gioria, Jessica Ponti, Davide Magrì, Arnd Hoeveler, Donata Medaglini i Luigi Calzolai. "Physicochemical Characterization Cascade of Nanoadjuvant–Antigen Systems for Improving Vaccines". Vaccines 9, nr 6 (21.05.2021): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060544.

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Adjuvants have been used for decades to enhance the immune response to vaccines, in particular for the subunit-based adjuvants. Physicochemical properties of the adjuvant-protein antigen complexes, such as size, morphology, protein structure and binding, influence the overall efficacy and safety of the vaccine. Here we show how to perform an accurate physicochemical characterization of the nanoaluminum–ovalbumin complex. Using a combination of existing techniques, we developed a multi-staged characterization strategy based on measurements of increased complexity. This characterization cascade has the advantage of being very flexible and easily adaptable to any adjuvant-protein antigen combinations. It will contribute to control the quality of antigen–adjuvant complexes and immunological outcomes, ultimately leading to improved vaccines.

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Mojsilovic, Slavko. "Immunological effects of adjuvants, their mechanisms, and relevance to vaccine safety". Central European Journal of Paediatrics 13, nr 1 (15.03.2017): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5457/p2005-114.167.

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Bashiri, Sahra, Prashamsa Koirala, Istvan Toth i Mariusz Skwarczynski. "Carbohydrate Immune Adjuvants in Subunit Vaccines". Pharmaceutics 12, nr 10 (14.10.2020): 965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12100965.

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Modern subunit vaccines are composed of antigens and a delivery system and/or adjuvant (immune stimulator) that triggers the desired immune responses. Adjuvants mimic pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are typically associated with infections. Carbohydrates displayed on the surface of pathogens are often recognized as PAMPs by receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Consequently, carbohydrates and their analogues have been used as adjuvants and delivery systems to promote antigen transport to APCs. Carbohydrates are biocompatible, usually nontoxic, biodegradable, and some are mucoadhesive. As such, carbohydrates and their derivatives have been intensively explored for the development of new adjuvants. This review assesses the immunological functions of carbohydrate ligands and their ability to enhance systemic and mucosal immune responses against co-administered antigens. The role of carbohydrate-based adjuvants/delivery systems in the development of subunit vaccines is discussed in detail.

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Vordermeier, H. Martin, Gillian S. Dean, Ida Rosenkrands, Else M. Agger, Peter Andersen, Daryan A. Kaveh, R. Glyn Hewinson i Philip J. Hogarth. "Adjuvants Induce Distinct Immunological Phenotypes in a Bovine Tuberculosis Vaccine Model". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, nr 10 (29.07.2009): 1443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00229-09.

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ABSTRACT Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most important infectious diseases of humans and animals. Mycobacterium bovis BCG, the only currently available TB vaccine, demonstrates variable levels of efficacy; therefore, a replacement or supplement to BCG is required. Protein subunit vaccines have shown promise but require the use of adjuvants to enhance their immunogenicity. Using the protective mycobacterial antigen Rv3019c, we have evaluated the induction of relevant immune responses by adjuvant formulations directly in the target species for bovine TB vaccines and compared these to responses induced by BCG. We demonstrate that two classes of adjuvant induce distinct immune phenotypes in cattle, a fact not previously reported for mice. A water/oil emulsion induced both an effector cell and a central memory response. A cationic-liposome adjuvant induced a central memory response alone, similar to that induced by BCG. This suggests that water/oil emulsions may be the most promising formulations. These results demonstrate the importance of testing adjuvant formulations directly in the target species and the necessity of measuring different types of immune response when evaluating immune responses.

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Fan, Jingyi, Shengbin Jin, Lachlan Gilmartin, Istvan Toth, Waleed M. Hussein i Rachel J. Stephenson. "Advances in Infectious Disease Vaccine Adjuvants". Vaccines 10, nr 7 (13.07.2022): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10071120.

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Vaccines are one of the most significant medical interventions in the fight against infectious diseases. Since their discovery by Edward Jenner in 1796, vaccines have reduced the worldwide transmission to eradication levels of infectious diseases, including smallpox, diphtheria, hepatitis, malaria, and influenza. However, the complexity of developing safe and effective vaccines remains a barrier for combating many more infectious diseases. Immune stimulants (or adjuvants) are an indispensable factor in vaccine development, especially for inactivated and subunit-based vaccines due to their decreased immunogenicity compared to whole pathogen vaccines. Adjuvants are widely diverse in structure; however, their overall function in vaccine constructs is the same: to enhance and/or prolong an immunological response. The potential for adverse effects as a result of adjuvant use, though, must be acknowledged and carefully managed. Understanding the specific mechanisms of adjuvant efficacy and safety is a key prerequisite for adjuvant use in vaccination. Therefore, rigorous pre-clinical and clinical research into adjuvant development is essential. Overall, the incorporation of adjuvants allows for greater opportunities in advancing vaccine development and the importance of immune stimulants drives the emergence of novel and more effective adjuvants. This article highlights recent advances in vaccine adjuvant development and provides detailed data from pre-clinical and clinical studies specific to infectious diseases. Future perspectives into vaccine adjuvant development are also highlighted.

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Petrovsky, Nikolai. "Freeing vaccine adjuvants from dangerous immunological dogma". Expert Review of Vaccines 7, nr 1 (luty 2008): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14760584.7.1.7.

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Beukelman, Cees J., Hans van Dijk, Piet C. Aerts, Pieternel M. Rademaker, Lubertus Berrens i Jan M. N. Willers. "House dust extracts contain potent immunological adjuvants". Immunology Letters 16, nr 1 (październik 1987): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2478(87)90062-9.

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Gregoriadis, Gregory, Ihsan Gursel, Mayda Gursel i Brenda McCormack. "Liposomes as immunological adjuvants and vaccine carriers". Journal of Controlled Release 41, nr 1-2 (sierpień 1996): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-3659(96)01355-7.

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Allison, Anthony C., i Noelene E. Byars. "Immunological adjuvants: Desirable properties and side-effects". Molecular Immunology 28, nr 3 (marzec 1991): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0161-5890(91)90074-t.

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GREGORIADIS, G., D. DAVIS i A. DAVIES. "Liposomes as immunological adjuvants: antigen incorporation studies". Vaccine 5, nr 2 (czerwiec 1987): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-410x(87)90063-6.

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O'Hagan, D. T., K. Palin, S. S. Davis, P. Artursson i I. Sjöholm. "Microparticles as potentially orally active immunological adjuvants". Vaccine 7, nr 5 (październik 1989): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-410x(89)90156-4.

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Hui, George S. N., i Caryn N. Hashimoto. "Pathways for Potentiation of Immunogenicity during Adjuvant-Assisted Immunizations with Plasmodium falciparumMajor Merozoite Surface Protein 1". Infection and Immunity 66, nr 11 (1998): 5329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.66.11.5329-5336.1998.

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Vaccine adjuvants exert critical and unique influences on the quality of immune responses induced during active immunizations. We investigated the mechanisms of action of immunological adjuvants in terms of their requirements for cytokine-mediated pathways for adjuvanticity. Antibody responses potentiated by several adjuvants to a Plasmodium falciparum MSP1-19 (C-terminal 19-kDa processing fragment of MSP1) vaccine were studied in gamma interferon (IFN-γ) or interleukin (IL-4) knockout mice. The levels of anti-MSP1-19 antibodies and the induction of Th1- and Th2-type antibodies were analyzed. Results revealed a spectrum of requirements for cytokine-mediated pathways in the potentiation of immunogenicity, and such requirements were influenced by interactions among individual components of the adjuvant formulations. One adjuvant strictly depended on IFN-γ to induce appreciable levels of anti-MSP1-19 antibodies, while some formulations required IFN-γ only for the induction of Th1-type antibodies. Other formulations induced exclusively Th2-type antibodies and were not affected by IFN-γ knockout. There were three patterns of requirements for IL-4 by various adjuvants in the induction of Th2-type anti-MSP1-19 antibodies. Moreover, the induction of Th1-type anti-MSP1-19 antibodies by adjuvants showed two distinct patterns of regulation by IL-4. The utilization of an IL-4 regulated pathway(s) for the induction of Th2-type antibodies by the same adjuvant differed between mouse strains, suggesting that animal species variability in responses to vaccine adjuvants may be due, at least in part, to differences in the utilization of immune system pathways by an adjuvant among animal hosts.

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Sheikh, N., P. Rajananthanan i Wjw Morrow. "Leading Article Biologicals & Immunologicals: Immunological adjuvants: Mechanisms of action and clinical applications". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 5, nr 9 (wrzesień 1996): 1079–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543784.5.9.1079.

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Reinke, Sören, Aneesh Thakur, Cillian Gartlan, Jelena S. Bezbradica i Anita Milicic. "Inflammasome-Mediated Immunogenicity of Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Adjuvants". Vaccines 8, nr 3 (22.09.2020): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030554.

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In modern vaccines, adjuvants can be sophisticated immunological tools to promote robust and long-lasting protection against prevalent diseases. However, there is an urgent need to improve immunogenicity of vaccines in order to protect mankind from life-threatening diseases such as AIDS, malaria or, most recently, COVID-19. Therefore, it is important to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of vaccine adjuvants, which generally trigger the innate immune system to enhance signal transition to adaptive immunity, resulting in pathogen-specific protection. Thus, improved understanding of vaccine adjuvant mechanisms may aid in the design of “intelligent” vaccines to provide robust protection from pathogens. Various commonly used clinical adjuvants, such as aluminium salts, saponins or emulsions, have been identified as activators of inflammasomes - multiprotein signalling platforms that drive activation of inflammatory caspases, resulting in secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines of the IL-1 family. Importantly, these cytokines affect the cellular and humoral arms of adaptive immunity, which indicates that inflammasomes represent a valuable target of vaccine adjuvants. In this review, we highlight the impact of different inflammasomes on vaccine adjuvant-induced immune responses regarding their mechanisms and immunogenicity. In this context, we focus on clinically relevant adjuvants that have been shown to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and also present various experimental adjuvants that activate the NLRP3-, NLRC4-, AIM2-, pyrin-, or non-canonical inflammasomes and could have the potential to improve future vaccines. Together, we provide a comprehensive overview on vaccine adjuvants that are known, or suggested, to promote immunogenicity through inflammasome-mediated signalling.

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Albutti, Aqel, Stephanie Longet, Craig P. McEntee, Shauna Quinn, Alex Liddicoat, Cristiana Rîmniceanu, Nils Lycke, Lydia Lynch, Susanna Cardell i Ed C. Lavelle. "Type II NKT Cell Agonist, Sulfatide, Is an Effective Adjuvant for Oral Heat-Killed Cholera Vaccines". Vaccines 9, nr 6 (8.06.2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9060619.

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Oral vaccination has the potential to offer a safer and more efficacious approach for protection against enteric pathogens than injection-based approaches, especially in developing countries. One key advantage is the potential to induce intestinal immune responses in addition to systemic immunity. In general, antigen delivery via the oral route triggers weak immune responses or immunological tolerance. The effectiveness of oral vaccination can be improved by co-administering adjuvants. However, a major challenge is the absence of potent and safe oral adjuvants for clinical application. Here, the Type II NKT cell activator sulfatide is shown for the first time to be an effective oral adjuvant for Vibrio cholerae vaccine antigens in a mouse model. Specifically, administration of sulfatide with the oral cholera vaccine Dukoral® resulted in enhancement of intestinal antigen-specific IgA in addition to Th1 and Th17 immune responses. In summary, sulfatide is a promising adjuvant for inclusion in an oral cholera vaccine and our data further support the potential of adjuvants targeting NKT cells in new vaccine strategies.

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Heath, Andrew W. "Cytokines and the Rational Choice of Immunological Adjuvants". Cancer Biotherapy 9, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cbr.1994.9.1.

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Ragupathi, Govind, K. Simon Yeung, Ping-Chung Leung, Mavis Lee, Clara Bik San Lau, Andrew Vickers, Chandra Hood i in. "Evaluation of widely consumed botanicals as immunological adjuvants". Vaccine 26, nr 37 (wrzesień 2008): 4860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.06.098.

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McElrath, Margaret Juliana. "Selection of potent immunological adjuvants for vaccine construction". Seminars in Cancer Biology 6, nr 6 (grudzień 1995): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1044-579x(95)90007-1.

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Klerx, Jac P. A. M., Antoon J. M. Van Oosterhout, Hans Van Dijk, Erik A. Kouwenberg i Jan M. N. Willers. "Anti-complementary amines are immunological adjuvants in mice". Immunology Letters 10, nr 5 (styczeń 1985): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2478(85)90102-6.

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Wheeler, Alan W., i Stefan R. Woroniecki. "Immunological adjuvants in allergy vaccines: Past, present future". Allergology International 50, nr 4 (2001): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1592.2001.00230.x.

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Verheul, A. F. M., i H. Snippe. "Non-ionic block polymer surfactants as immunological adjuvants". Research in Immunology 143, nr 5 (styczeń 1992): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-2494(92)80062-p.

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C Nayak, Smita, Vedika S Jadhav i Vaidhun H Bhaskar. "Self-Adjuvanted Nanovaccines: Concept and Applications". International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 13, nr 8 (9.08.2023): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20230811.

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The goal of modern vaccine development is to provide effective vaccines that are safe and well-tolerated. This has inspired the rational design of contemporary subunit vaccines that are both safe and well-characterized, combining essential immunogenic components of pathogen characteristics to induce tailored responses with the right strength, quality, and specificity. Because of their capacity to overcome biological barriers, prolong circulation periods, and create an improved long-lasting protective immunological impact, nano vaccines have been researched as an emerging field in cancer immunotherapy in recent years. Nanotechnology is a broad discipline that can be applied to a variety of fields, including vaccines. It offers a variety of approaches to vaccine administration. A combination of nanotechnology and vaccines, i.e. nanovaccines can be created and injected into the human body to improve health by various mechanisms. Many vaccines contain adjuvants, which boost immunity to vaccines and experimental antigens through several methods including the development of a depot, the activation of cytokines and chemokines, the recruitment of immune cells, the enhancement of antigen absorption and presentation, and the promotion of antigen transport to draining lymph nodes. Such adjuvants have also been reported to induce innate immune responses at the injection site, resulting in a local immuno-competent microenvironment. This review focuses on the study of Self-adjuvanted nano vaccines. Key words: Adjuvants, self-adjuvant, vaccines, nanoparticles.

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Fu, Jun, Yi Wen Liang, Cheng Yu Tan i Huan Yang. "Introducing Adjuvants for Dendritic Cell Algorithm to Detect Stealthy Malware". Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (sierpień 2012): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.509.

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The increase in stealth of malware has brought the Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA) many difficulties in malware detection. To solve this problem, in this paper we take inspiration from immunological adjuvant which can enhance the immune responses to weak antigens, and propose its counterpart namely artificial adjuvant as an improvement for the DCA. Artificial adjuvants are capable of increasing the immunogenicity of stealthy malware and accelerating the reaction of the dendritic cells (DCs). In such a way, they shed some lights for the DCA on improving the performance of stealthy malware detection in respect of not only improving the detection rate, but also helping detecting hidden malware as soon as possible.

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Rambe, Dirga Sakti, Giuseppe Del Giudice, Stefania Rossi i Melvin Sanicas. "Safety and Mechanism of Action of Licensed Vaccine Adjuvants". International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 4, nr 8 (6.07.2015): 420–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v4i8.24024.

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Vaccines are some of the most effective tools for the prevention of infectious diseases. Adjuvants are included in vaccines for a variety of reasons: to increase the breadth of response, to lower antigen dose, to overcome limited immune response in some populations, or to enable complex combination vaccines. This study aims to review the safety of licensed vaccine adjuvants and describe their mechanism of action. Potential publications for inclusion were identified through a direct search of PubMed/Medline database. Results of online literature searches were supplemented by relevant papers cited in published studies along with the authors knowledge of published studies. To date, there are 5 licensed vaccine adjuvants in US and Europe: Aluminum salts (EU, US), MF59 (EU), AS03 (EU), AS04 (EU, US), and virosomes (EU). AS03 is not available as an adjuvant in other vaccines but included within the US governments National Stockpile. All vaccines that contain these adjuvants have been proven safe in clinical trials and post-marketing studies, with the exception of the AS03, for which the rare events of narcolepsy have been reported in some countries. Every adjuvant has a complex and often multifactorial immunological mechanism, usually poorly understood in vivo. The safety profile of an adjuvant, including the actual and hypothetical risks, is a critical component that can speed up or impede adjuvant development. The increasing understanding in adjuvant sciences is fundamental to the further development of new adjuvants.Rambe et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, July 2015, 4(8): 420-431

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Bueno-Gardea, Víctor M., José H. Baeza-Ramos, Omar A. Avalos-Trejo, Ana G. Durán-Rodríguez, José R. Martínez-Acosta, Mariana Baeza-Salcido, Irving A. Aponte de la Rosa i in. "Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants: a review". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 11, nr 8 (29.07.2023): 3105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20232458.

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The autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) includes several autoimmune conditions and phenomena that occur after exposure to substances with adjuvant activity. The spectrum of the disease is heterogeneous with respect to the clinical presentation as well as the severity of the clinical manifestations. Different substances and medical devices with adjuvant activity are currently known, such as vaccines, oils, silicones, mineral salts, lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans, among others. These adjuvants are immunological molecules that function through potentiation of antigen-specific immune responses. Thus, the etiopathogenesis of ASIA syndrome involves a multifactorial interaction between environmental factors and genetic predisposition, and secondary activation of the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system through various mechanisms. Although in some reported cases the ASIA syndrome improves considerably when removing the implants, there are no conclusive results for the clinical benefit of removing the implants, so it is necessary to carry out further basic, clinical and surgical investigations in order to determine the best therapeutic decision.

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Paiva, Maykon Jhuly Martins de, Edielma de Oliveira Lara, Francyslayne de Jesus Oliveira, Adriana Oliveira dos Santos Sampaio, Iangla Araújo de Melo Damasceno, Fernando Holanda Vasconcelos, Márcio Miranda Brito i Taides Tavares dos Santos. "The Importance and Use of Adjuvants in Vaccine Production Technology: A Mini-review". Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 36, nr 6 (12.06.2024): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65478.

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Aims: To provide an overview of vaccine adjuvants, with insights into the importance, classification, and use of these substances in vaccine production technology. Methodology: An exploratory-descriptive literature review was carried out, with a qualitative approach. The search was guided by keywords (vaccine adjuvant, chemical composition of vaccine, immunological adjuvants, aluminum salts + vaccine, among others) and was conducted according to the following criteria: original studies published during the period between 2000 and 2024, and available as full text; those using experimental and clinical studies as methodology were included. Results: Vaccine adjuvants play an important role in the success of the vaccine technology used. With the advancement of knowledge, adjuvants have gone from substances used to increase the immunogenicity of vaccines to highly purified antigen substances that induce a response, acting as molecular patterns associated with pathogens. In this study, the most common classes of adjuvants in use or experimental studies, their characteristics, benefits, and limitations of use are presented. There are classes of adjuvants that are already well known in terms of their use and effects (e.g.: mineral salts). However, there are also those (e.g. polysaccharides) that require even more studies to be widely incorporated into vaccine technology. Conclusion: Adjuvants are an integral part of the ongoing development of more effective vaccines. Therefore, it is necessary to continue studies regarding the benefits and limitations of the different types of adjuvants currently available, such as continuing to search for new adjuvants to expand and increasingly guarantee the success of vaccine technologies.

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JANJAM, SRI SUSHMA SANTHI, Yajun Geng, Zhaoqi yan, Soo Min Shin, Kanak Joshi, Anjali Jacob Panicker, Archana shankar i in. "Complete tolerogenic response adjuvant stimulates Treg response to immunization". Journal of Immunology 210, nr 1_Supplement (1.05.2023): 158.08. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.158.08.

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Abstract We identified the lowest composition necessary to generate a vaccination adjuvant that promotes a Treg response following immunization in mice and named it “complete tolerogenic adjuvant.” This novel adjuvant may allow us to utilize the well-established “antigen plus adjuvant” method of vaccination to induce Treg cell-mediated antigen-specific immunosuppression. The minimal composition is dexamethasone, rapamycin, and monophosphoryl lipid A with the following mass ratios: 8:20:3. We have demonstrated why immunosuppressive and immunogenic substances are both required for the formation of genuine adjuvants for Treg cells by dissecting the roles of each of these components during vaccination. Currently, research is ongoing in our group to begin to assess the usefulness of this adjuvant for antigen immunization in murine models of human autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Specifically, we are evaluating the tolerogenic efficacy of this adjuvant for vaccination regimen targeting the apolipoprotein B antigen, using the ApoE−/− mouse model of atherosclerosis. These studies are expected to help drive the development of further, perhaps more effective, complete tolerogenic adjuvants that could be used to create a plethora of new, novel vaccines for treating immunological illnesses. Master program and NIH grant

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Tran, Vy Anh, Vien Vo, Vinh Quang Dang, Giang Ngoc Linh Vo, Ta Ngoc Don, Van Dat Doan i Van Thuan Le. "Nanomaterial for Adjuvants Vaccine: Practical Applications and Prospects". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 24, nr 1 (1.02.2024): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.87940.

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Vaccines contain adjuvants to strengthen the immune responses of the receiver against pathogen infection or malignancy. A new generation of adjuvants is being developed to give more robust antigen-specific responses, specific types of immune responses, and a high margin of safety. By changing the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, it is possible to make antigen-delivery systems with high bioavailability, controlled and sustained release patterns, and the ability to target and image. Nanomaterials can modulate the immune system so that cellular and humoral immune responses more closely resemble those desired. The use of nanoparticles as adjuvants is believed to significantly improve the immunological outcomes of vaccination because of the combination of their immunomodulatory and delivery effects. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in new adjuvants using nanomaterials. Based on three main vaccines, the subunit, DNA, and RNA vaccines, the possible ways that nanomaterials change the immune responses caused by vaccines, such as a charge on the surface or a change to the surface, and how they affect the immunological results have been studied. This study aims to provide succinct information on the use of nanomaterials for COVID-19 vaccines and possible new applications.

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Burdin, Nicolas, Bruno Guy i Philippe Moingeon. "Immunological Foundations to the Quest for New Vaccine Adjuvants". BioDrugs 18, nr 2 (2004): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00063030-200418020-00002.

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Krishnan, Lakshmi, i G. Dennis Sprott. "Archaeosome adjuvants: Immunological capabilities and mechanism(s) of action". Vaccine 26, nr 17 (kwiecień 2008): 2043–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.02.026.

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