Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Immunodeficiency disease”
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1
Tsang, Chiu-shun Peter. "Oral biology of human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals in Hong Kong /". [Hong Kong : Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong], 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19900661.
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Cook, Scott C. "Human immunodeficiency virus : determining predictors of unsafe sexual behavior /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962514.
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Tsang, Chiu-shun Peter, i 曾昭舜. "Oral biology of human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31237770.
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Yim, Chi-ho Howard. "Cytokine dysregulation by human immunodeficiency virus-1 transactivating protein". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36987700.
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Roscioli, Tony Clinical School Prince of Wales Hospital Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "The genetic basis of veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency syndrome". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Clinical School - Prince of Wales Hospital, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40599.
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This thesis addresses the genetic basis of a rare autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency disorder with the characteristic additional feature of venoocclusive disease of the liver (VODI). The interest in this condition was stimulated both by the potential to identify the genetic basis of a rare immunodeficiency and the opportunity to gain an insight into the biological basis of hepatic veno-occlusive disease, a poorly understood condition that is encountered most frequently in Australia as a consequence of bone marrow transplantation. The gene responsible for VODI was identified by homozygosity mapping and DNA sequence analysis of positional candidates and was shown to be the PML Nuclear Body expressed protein Sp110. This is the first time a PML Nuclear Body protein has been shown to be involved in immunodeficiency disorder. Subsequent immunofluorescence studies of affected patient cell lines showed absence of Sp110 in patient B cells. The role of SP110 alleles in the susceptibility of bone marrow transplant patients to hepatic veno-occlusive disease was investigated using a cohort of patients from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle. A SNP association study identified initial evidence for an association, but the study lacked sufficient power after correction for multiple testing. Contemporaneously, Dr Igor Kramnik published a report that the murine homologue of Sp110, Ifi75 (also termed Ipr1) was deleted in mice that were supersusceptible to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A further SNP association study was therefore performed utilising a NSW cohort of Mantouxpositive South East Asian migrants, which detected evidence that alleles of SP110 may be associated with progression of M. tuberculosis infection. Again, the limited size of this cohort precluded definitive findings.
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Yim, Chi-ho Howard, i 嚴志濠. "Cytokine dysregulation by human immunodeficiency virus-1 transactivating protein". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36987700.
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Groves, Katherine Claire. "Disease progression in Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 infected viraemic controllers". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/3114.
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Background: The mechanism of CD4+ T-cell decline in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection is unclear, but the association with plasma HIV-1 RNA-load suggests viral replication is involved. Viraemic controller patients with low HIV-1 RNA-loads (<2000 copies/ml) typically maintain good CD4+ T-cell counts (>450 CD4+ T-cells/mm3). However, within a cohort of 86 viraemic controllers, a subgroup (18 ‘discord controllers’) was identified with low CD4+ T-cell counts (<450 CD4+ T-cells/mm3) which present clinical uncertainty. The underlying mechanism accounting for CD4+ T-cell decline in the face of low or undetectable HIV-1 RNAloads is unknown. The objective of the work described in this thesis was to investigate the virological and host immune system dynamics in discord controllers compared with typical controllers. Method Epidemiological features, HIV-1 subtype, cellular HIV-1 DNA-load, T-cell populations (CD4+/CD8+ naïve/ central-memory/ effector-memory subsets; CD45RA/RO ± CD62L) and Tcell activation markers (CD38, HLA-DR) were examined for discord controllers and typical controllers as well as progressors with HIV-1 RNA-load >10000 copies/ml, <450 CD4+ Tcells/ mm3. Results Discord controllers and typical controllers were similar, based on epidemiological features and viral subtype distribution. They resembled progressors, showing high HIV-1 DNA-load, depletion of naïve CD4+ T-cells and higher activation in all CD4+ T-cell subsets. However, the CD8+ T-cell compartment in discord controllers was similar to typical controllers with preserved naïve CD8+ T-cells and low level CD8+ T-cells activation. Conclusion The data presented in this thesis is consistent with a relationship between CD4+ T-cell activation, HIV-1 DNA-load and disease progression but not HIV-1 RNA-load. This suggests that in viraemic controllers, HIV-1 DNA-load may be a better marker of viral replication and disease progression than HIV-1 RNA-load. Furthermore, low level CD8+ T-cell activation correlate with low plasma HIV-1 RNA-load but not with HIV-1 DNA-load.
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Burnett, Mary Susan. "Development of a live vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus /". Digital version accessible at:, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Hashim, Ilie. "Mutation of Regnase-1 causes primary immunodeficiency associated with auto-inflammatory disease". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269453.
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Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders causing immune dysfunction that manifest with increased susceptibility to infection. Some PID patients may also have autoimmune and autoinflammatory manifestations. In many cases, PIDs are monogenic disorders that follow Mendelian inheritance and mutations in more than 250 genes have been shown to cause PIDs. However, in the majority of PID patients the causative mutations remain unknown. Here I report a study of a patient from a consanguineous family who presented in infancy with colitis, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune anemia and thrombocytopenia. The patient also suffered recurrent respiratory infections leading to bronchiectasis and had several episodes of severe varicella zoster virus (VZV) infections, including pneumonia and meningitis. Immunologically, the patient had increased IgM and IgG levels, absent IgA, low specific antibodies and multiple auto-antibodies, including anti-Interferon- antibodies. Whole blood stimulation assays identified an increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6. Throughout his life the patient received immunosuppressive therapy. Whole exome sequencing of the patient discovered a homozygous frameshift mutation in the ZC3H12A gene that encodes the Regnase-1 protein also known as MCPIP1. Regnase-1 is a regulatory RNase that directly degrades mRNAs of several pro-inflammatory genes, e.g. mRNA of cytokine IL-6, thus curbing the immune activation. The presentation of the patient resembled the phenotype of the Regnase-1-knockout mice that developed spontaneous systemic inflammation, disorganisation of lymphoid organs, severe anaemia and hyperimmunoglobulinemia, with the increased production of IL-6. I studied expression of the mutant Regnase-1 protein using commercial antibodies; also a new custom-made antibody that detects the truncated mutant Regnase-1 protein was developed. Analysis of the patient-derived cells demonstrated absence of the full-length Regnase-1 protein. Cloning and forced expression of the truncated mutant protein showed that it is mislocalized inside the cells and is functionally impaired. Studies of the iPSC-derived macrophages, EBV-transformed B cells and primary fibroblasts of the patient demonstrated increased levels of the IL-6 mRNA in the resting cells. They also showed impaired regulation of the truncated mutant Regnase-1 protein and IL-6 mRNA levels after cell stimulation. Mutations in Regnase-1 have never been associated with human diseases previously. Therefore, this study describes a novel PID caused by the Regnase-1 deficiency.
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Jansson, Marianne. "HIV-1 variability in relation to host defence mechanisms and disease outcome /". Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19980608jans.
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Gwyther, Jacqueline Mary. "Molecular analysis and gene therapy of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312004.
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May, Jacqueline Carol. "The role of envelope glycoprotein in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 disease". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369195.
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Davies, Edward Thomas. "A study of the humoral immune system in human immunodeficiency virus disease". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400470.
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Pitcher, Richard D. "Radiological progression of lung disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected children". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20351.
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Introduction: There are limited data on the chest X-ray (CXR) abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC's). Aim: To investigate the evolution of CXR abnormalities in HIV-infected children in LMIC's, to correlate this with the severity of HIV-disease, and to assess the impact of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Method: A prospective longitudinal study evaluating clinical, immunological and radiographic parameters at regular intervals over a minimum of 24 months. CXR abnormalities were stratified by severity and deemed persistent if present for 6 consecutive months or longer. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses assessed associations between radiological and clinical/immunological parameters at enrolment. An ordinal multiple logistic regression model assessed the association of enrolment and time-dependent variables with CXR findings over time.
15
Meys, Rhonda. "Aspects of human papillomavirus (HPV) disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10730.
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Cutaneous and genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in HIV patients, on suppressive anti-retroviral therapy (ART), poses under-investigated clinical challenges. HPV in HIV may represent a form of immune reconstitution associated disease (IRAD). HPV disease and IRADs have been separately correlated with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotype. HLA might also influence HPV in HIV. Comprehensive HPV typing of persistent warts obtained from HIV infected and healthy subjects was performed. Cutaneous HPV types were detected using nested PCR/sequencing and newly developed (Luminex based) HSLPCR/ MPG; genital and beta HPV types were identified using a reverse hybridisation line probe assay. Real time PCR was employed to determine HPV DNA viral loads. HLA alleles were defined in HIV infected and healthy patients by Luminex-based molecular typing using DNA derived from blood. The HPV profile of cutaneous and genital HIV warts differs significantly from warts from healthy individuals. In HIV, HPV 7 has been confirmed to be an important HPV type in cutaneous warts (p=0.001). In genital warts in HIV, HPV 11 is the predominant HPV type (p=0.15) and HPV 6 is less common (p=0.002), contrasting with the usual finding that HPV 6 is the principal type in the general population. Cross-over of HPV types between cutaneous and genital sites suggests that HPV tropism is less important than previously thought. An excess of beta HPV types, predominantly as mixed infections, is seen in cutaneous warts in HIV (p<0.0005). The HLA class I allele group HLA-B*44 (as the allele HLA-B*44:02 and the haplotype HLA-B*44, -C*05) has been identified more frequently in HIV than in controls (p=0.004, allele group; p=0.0006, allele; p=0.001, haplotype). The class II allele HLA-DQB1*06 may also be of interest (p=0.03). However, the differences are reduced after correction for multiple testing. Further work is required to ascertain if these HPV types and alleles are of importance.
16
Tess, Diana J. "Comparison of registered nurses' and nursing students' tolerance towards Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)". Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722460.
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The main purpose of this study was to describe and compare nurses' and nursing students' attitudes toward AIDS patients. A corollary aim was to ascertain whether these two groups of health care providers differed in their perceptions of the quality of care AIDS patients receive compared to other patients. This study also examined nurses across type of educational background (i.e., ADN, BSN, Diploma) in regards to differences in attitudinal tolerance towards AIDS patients as measured by the Aids Attitude Survey (AAS). Fishbein and Ajzen's (1975) Theory of Reasoned Action was the theoretical framework of this study. A convenience sample of 58 registered nurses and 58 nursing students from East Central Indiana completed the AAS and a demographic sheet. The attitudes of these two groups toward AIDS patients were examined in a comparative descriptive design.Cronbach's alpha (1947) equaled .95 for 54 items using 116 valid cases. Findings revealed no significant difference between nurses and nursing students in tolerance of attitudes towards AIDS patients (F = .0966, df - 1,114, p < .76). Also no significant difference was found between nurses and nursing students in their perceptions regarding the quality of care given to AIDS patients versus other patients (X2 = 5.77412, df = 4, p < .22). No significant difference was found between ADN, BSN, and Diploma nurses in their tolerance of attitudes toward AIDS patients (F = 2.0924, df = 2,55, p < .1331). A post hoc finding revealed a significant difference between nurses' and nursing students reported use of universal precautions (x2 = 12.97276, 3 df, p < .00470).Analysis of AAS individual items revealed that only 4 percent of respondents believed that AIDS patients should be sent to sanitariums to protect others from AIDS. Ninety-four percent of respondents believed that people would not be so afraid of AIDS if individuals knew more about the disease.School of Nursing
17
Ramaley, Patricia A. "Host genetics of HIV-1 infection and disease progression in Uganda". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365714.
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Chambers, Anthony James St Vincent's Hospital UNSW. "The surgical management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. St. Vincent's Hospital, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19367.
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Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major cause of morbidity and death globally, and the number of individuals infected with this virus is increasing in many nations. Advanced HIV infection causes immunocompromise that predisposes to opportunistic infections and malignancies that characterise the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although the management of many of these AIDS-associated infections and malignancies is by medical means, surgeons play an important role the diagnosis and management of many of these conditions. Furthermore, patients with HIV infection may present with surgical disorders or traumatic injuries that are not related to HIV or AIDS. Health care workers managing patients with HIV infection and AIDS, particularly those involved in performing invasive procedures, are at risk of exposure to this virus in infected blood and body fluids. St. Vincent's hospital, Sydney, is a teaching hospital and major treatment centre for patients with HIV infection and AIDS located in the inner-eastern suburbs of Sydney. Patients with HIV infection who underwent surgical procedures at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1990 to 1999 were retrospectively reviewed in order to describe the nature of the operative procedures required in the management of these patients. There were 636 patients with documented infection with HIV who underwent 889 surgical procedures at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1990 to 1999. The number of procedures performed for patients with known HIV infection was increasing during this period. Patients with HIV infection accounted for 1.1% of all surgical procedures performed at this institution during this period. The proportion of total operative cases that patients with known HIV infection represented was seen to be increasing during this period. Surgical procedures were performed during only a small proportion of admissions of patients with HIV infection to St. Vincent's hospital for this period (2.4% of these admissions). The patients were predominantly males in younger age groups. Anorectal procedures for the local treatment of benign conditions were the most common procedures performed for these patients, followed by procedures for the insertion or removal of long-term vascular access devices and other minor general surgical procedures. A large proportion of procedures were performed as day surgery cases (30%). Only a small proportion of cases were for the management of traumatic conditions (3%). A large proportion of patients with HIV infection (26%) underwent more than one procedure during this period, with anorectal disorders a common cause of repeat surgical admission. The operative findings after 498 surgical procedures performed for 360 patients with documented HIV infection during the period 1995 to 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. The number of cases in which AIDS-defining conditions were encountered were recorded, and varied according to the types of procedures performed. Overall, seventy AIDS-defining conditions were found at operation during sixty-five procedures (13% of all procedures for patients with HIV infection). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was the most frequently encountered AIDS-defining disorder found at operation, accounting for 41% of such conditions. Kaposi's sarcoma was the next most frequently encountered condition, accounting for 20% of cases followed by cytomegalovirus infection (11%). Procedures in which AIDS-defining conditions were commonly encountered included neurosurgical procedures (20 of 36 procedures were for AIDS-defining conditions), particularly stereotactic brain biopsy. Lymph node excision biopsies had AIDS-defining pathologies seen in 18 of 26 cases, particularly non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AIDS-defining conditions were diagnosed in only 4% of anorectal procedures, with anal squamous cell malignant lesions a far more frequently observed disorder (diagnosed in 11% of cases). The clinical details of all patients who met the clinical criteria for AIDS who underwent midline laparotomy at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1987 to 1998 were retrospectively examined. Thirty patients with AIDS underwent thirty laparotomies during this period. AIDS-defining conditions were found at fourteen procedures (47%). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was found in eleven of these laparotomies, Kaposi's sarcoma in two and cytomegalovirus in one. In nine of the patients with AIDS-defining conditions, the post-operative diagnosis was different to that expected pre-operatively. Patients with AIDS-defining conditions found at laparotomy had significantly lower serum albumin concentrations and body weight compared with those with more conventional surgical diagnoses. There was no difference in CD4 T-lymphocyte counts, the number of patients with a history of AIDS-defining conditions or the duration of HIV infection between these two groups. Patients with AIDS-defining conditions diagnosed at laparotomy required significantly longer post-operative hospital stays compared to those with other causes, although there was no difference in the incidence of post-operative complications or deaths occurring in these two groups. There was a high number of patients with post-operative complications seen after laparotomy (thirty-two complications in twenty-one patients; 70% of all patients). Chest infections, systemic sepsis and wound infections were the most frequently encountered post-operative complications. Five deaths occurred within thirty days of operation (17% of patients), and were due to overwhelming systemic sepsis in four cases and from blood loss and coagulopathy in one. The number and the nature of the complications and deaths occurring in patients with AIDS undergoing laparotomy at St. Vincent's hospital is in keeping with previously published reports from other centres. The clinical details of patients with documented HIV infection who underwent biliary tract procedures at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1989 to 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. Eighteen patients with HIV (fourteen of which met the clinical criteria for AIDS) underwent cholecystectomy; ten for cholecystitis secondary to gallstones, one for mucocoele of the gallbladder due to obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone and seven for acalculous cholecystitis. Biliary tract procedures accounted for 24% of all abdominal procedures during this period. Patients were mostly male and in a relatively young age range. Cytomegalovirus infection was found in five cases of acalculous cholecystitis, Cryptosporidia in five and Microsporidia in two. A significantly greater proportion of patients with acalculous cholecystitis had a history of AIDS, and these patients had lower CD4 T-lymphocyte counts, compared with those patients with cholelithiasis. There was no statistical difference in the length of hospital admission or number of complications occurring in these two groups. Patients who had cholecystectomy performed as an elective procedure (n=7) were compared with those who had this procedure performed during admission for acute cholecystitis (n=11), and had a significantly lower duration of post-operative hospital stay. There was no difference in the number of complications occurring in these two groups. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in eight patients, and was not associated with a significant difference in hospital admission duration or incidence of complications when compared with the ten patients who underwent open cholecystectomy. The medical records of all patients presenting to St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1994 to 1998 with major penetrating wounds (gunshot wounds and stab wounds to the trunk or neck) were retrospectively examined to determine the number of such patients with a documented history of infection with HIV or hepatitis C virus (HCV), or with risk factors for these infections. Of the 148 patients with major penetrating wounds who were managed at St. Vincent??s hospital during this period, 5.4% had documented infection HCV and 1.3% with HIV. Risk factors were documented in thirty-one individuals (21%), with injecting drug use the most commonly recorded (19%). Individuals infected with HIV represent a substantial workload for surgical specialists at St. Vincent's hospital. Surgical procedures were an uncommon cause of admission for patients with HIV infection, but were important in the diagnosis and management of many AIDS-associated conditions and were increasing in number. AIDS-defining conditions accounted for only a small proportion of operative interventions in patients with HIV infection. Surgical procedures required in the management of patients with HIV infection encompassed a broad range of surgical specialties and types of procedures. AIDS-associated opportunistic infections and malignancy were frequently the cause of abdominal procedures in patients with HIV and AIDS. The number of patients with known HIV infection who present for elective and emergency surgical procedures, as well as the high prevalence of documented HIV and HCV in patients with major penetrating wounds at St. Vincent's hospital, reinforces the need for all health care workers to practice strict universal precautions against body fluid exposure at all times.
19
White, Stephen Mark. "Assessing the impact of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome on Volkswagen of South Africa". Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/40.
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This treatise takes the form of an impact study. It is based on a three-month period of research involving literature review, interviews with VWSA officers and a survey of 111 of the 5500 workers who comprised the workforce of the VWSA plant in Uitenhage at that time. The author has attempted to portray the general views of experts in the field of HIV/AIDS corporate impact and impact management. In addition he has attempted to assay the current and forecast policies and practices in respect of the management of the epidemic by VWSA. The workers in the plant were consulted by survey and a variety of insights into the level of understanding of the epidemic, tolerance levels, expectations and so on were made. The quantification of these insights must be viewed with caution since the survey sample of 111 was relatively low for a workforce of circa 5500. Calculations in respect of representativity are included to facilitate calculated caution. It has been shown that the HIV/AIDS epidemic has a considerable current impact on the company and that this impact can be expected to grow considerably in the future. It has been suggested that an active intervention program would be well timed if implemented immediately
20
Johnson, Judith M. "Optimism, coping, and distress in men testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0034/MQ27356.pdf.
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Kaemingk, Kristine Lynn. "Human immunodeficiency virus and the autonomic nervous system: A study of cardiovascular reflexes". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277035.
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Recent reports suggest that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus causing AIDS, may cause autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. ANS abnormalities on cardiovascular reflex tests have been demonstrated in HIV+ persons, persons infected with HIV, who have signs of illness or have used intravenous drugs. In this study the cardiovascular reflex function of 11 HIV+ homosexual or bisexual males meeting the Centers for Disease Control criteria for absence of illness was compared to that of 11 uninfected homosexual or bisexual males of similar ages. Somatic, depression and fatigue differences between groups were assessed using an ANS symptom checklist, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Six of the 11 HIV+ subjects were impaired on the cardiovascular reflex tests. Differences on the BDI and POMS were not attributable to a depressive mood or despair, but rather to presence of mild symptoms of HIV infection and fatigue.
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Parsonson, Ian M. "Syphilis and AIDS historical and social comparisons /". Connect to this title online, 1992. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au/adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20031118.111824/.
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Cotton, Mark Fredric. "The relevance of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus-1 disease". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50181.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A simple and rapid scatter-based flow cytometric assay was developed to detect apoptosis in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from a mixed population of cells. The assay was suitable for children. Apoptotic PBMCs were confirmed by morphologic assessment in clinical samples ex vivo and after overnight culture. The scatter-based assay was validated in a number of ways. Firstly, PBMCs were irradiated with 500 rads and cultured overnight to induce apoptosis. Thereafter, PBMCs were labeled with a CD4 MAb. CD4+ cells were sorted into apoptotic and viable populations by scatter characteristics (diminished forward and increased side scatter). Morphology was assessed by fluorescence microscopy. The majority of cells with apoptotic scatter characteristics had apoptotic morphology (chromatin condensation) (80.6%). Ninety-two percent of cells from the viable region had normal morphology. CD4+ T cell apoptosis measured by scatter was then correlated with the TdT assay for DNA fragmentation. Lastly, CD4+ T cell apoptosis by scatter and annexin V uptake were also shown to correlate. In the latter experiments, PBMC morphology and cell death by trypan blue uptake were studied simultaneously and confirmed the two flow cytometric assays. Apoptosis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells has been shown in PBMCs from HIV infected adults analyzed after overnight culture. Since cell death may be an artifact of in vitro culture, and because there is little information on apoptosis in paediatric HIV disease, I undertook a cross-sectional analysis in PBMCs analyzed immediately ex vivo from HIV infected children and adults. Patients were studied in Denver, CO, USA. PBMCs from 21 children, 4 adolescents and 9 adults and seronegative age-matched controls were stained for CD4 and CD8 surface markers. Apoptotic cells were detected in a newly characterized flow cytometric assay by diminished forward and increased side scatter. For the scatter assay, PBMCs had been labeled initially by an indirect method involving an intermediary incubation in the presence of biotinylated MAbs at 37°C for 30 minutes prior to incubating with streptavidin-FITC at 4°C for 20 minutes. Thereafter, the intermediary incubation step was removed and PBMCs were incubated with PE-conjugated CD4+ and CD8+ MAbs. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell apoptosis appeared enhanced in the indirect method. The significant differences were abolished after subtraction of data from simultaneously studied time-matched controls. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell apoptosis were significantly higher in HIV-infected study subjects than in simultaneously studied seronegative controls. PBMCs were assayed immediately ex vivo and after overnight culture after stimulation by an anti-TCR MAb as well as spontaneously. There was a direct correlation between CD4+ and CD8+ T cell apoptosis and CD4+ T cell depletion. A significant correlation was also shown between apoptosis immediately ex vivo and after overnight culture. I then studied apoptosis in a South African population comprising 18 symptomatic children and 4 seroreverters. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell apoptosis were significantly higher in symptomatic HIV-1-infected children than in seroreverters and seronegative controls. CD4+ T cell apoptosis correlated with depletion of CD4+ T cell percentage in symptomatic HIV-1-infected children. I also noted elevated CD4+ T cell apoptosis in patients recovering from intercurrent disease in comparison to those who were either acutely ill or relatively asymptomatic outpatient attendees. Lastly, I compared CD4+ and CD8+ T cell apoptosis in cohorts from Denver, CO and Tygerberg Children’s Hospital, South Africa. I selected only patients with moderate or severe HIV infection from both centers. South African patients were significantly younger, more malnourished, had higher gamma globulin levels and were less likely to receive ART. CD8+ T cell apoptosis was higher in North American patients suggesting a possible impairment in CD8+ activity in the South African study subjects.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Eenvoudige en vinnige vloei sitometriese toets is ontwikkel om apoptose aan te toon vanuit ‘n gemengde populasie selle. Dit moes geskik wees vir kinders van wie net klein volumes bloed getrek kan word. Die teenwoordigheid van apoptotiese perifere bloed mononuklere selle (PBMS) was vasgestel deur morfologiese beoordeling in kliniese monsters ex vivo en na oornag kultuur. Die ondersoek is gebasseer op die verstrooings patroon van bestraalde PBMS wat apoptose induseer. PBMS is gemerk met a CD4 MAb. CD4+ selle is gesorteer in apoptotiese en lewensvatbare populasies deur verstrooings karakteristieke. Morfologie is beoordeel deur fluoreserende mikroskopie. Die meerderheid van selle met apoptotiese verstrooings karakteristieke (verminderde voorwaartse en verhoogde sywaartse verstrooings patroon) het apoptotiese karakteristieke gehad (80.6%). Twee-en-negentig persent van selle van die lewensvatbare area het normale morfologie gehad. Verstrooings patroon is ook gekorreleer met die TdT meting vir DNA fragmentasie in kliniese monsters van MIV-geinfekteerde kinders. Daarna is Annexin V gekorreleer met verstrooings patroon, apoptotiese morfologie en trypan blou opname in selle wat blootgestel is na verskillende konsentrasies van beauvericin. Apoptose van CD4+ en CD8+ T-selle is bewys in PBMS van MIV-geinfekteerde volwassenes na oornag kultuur. Omdat sel dood ‘n artefak van in vitro kultuur kan wees, en omdat daar min inligting is oor apoptose in paediatriese MIV siekte, het ek onderneem om ‘n deursnee analiese te doen in PBMS wat onmiddelik ex vivo geanaliseer is vanaf MlV-geinfekteerde kinders en volwassenes. Die pasiente is bestudeer in Denver, Colorado, VS A. PBMS van 22 kinders, 4 adolessente en 9 volwassenes en seronegatiewe ouderdoms-gepasde kontroles is gekleur vir CD4+ en CD8+ oppervlaksmerkers. Apoptotiese selle is vloeisitometries aangedui deur verandering in verstrooings patroon. Vir die doeleindes van die verstrooings assay is die PBMS aanvanklik deur ‘n indirekte metode gemerk, wat ‘n intermediere inkubasie in die teenwoordigheid van biogetinileerde MAbs by 37°C vir 30 minute voor dit geinkubeer is met streptavidin- FITC by 4°C vir 20 minute behels. Daarna is die intermediere inkubasie stap verwyder en PBMC is geinkubeer met PE - gekonjugeerde CD4+ and CD8+ MAbs. Beide die CD4+ en CD8+ T-sel apoptose het verhoog voorgekom met die indirekte metode. Die betekenisvolle verskille het verdwyn na data van gelyktydige tyd - gepaarde kontroles afgetrek is. CD4+ en CD8+ T-sel apoptose was betekenisvol hoër in MIV-geinfekteerde studie gevalle as in gelyktydig bestudeerde seronegatiewe kontroles. PBMS assays is gedoen onmiddelik ex vivo en na oornag inkubasie na stimulasie deur ‘n anti-TCR MAb, sowel as spontaan. Daar was ‘n direkte korrelasie tussen CD4+ en CD8+ T sel apoptosis en CD4+ T sel vermindering. ‘n Beduidende korrelasie is ook getoon tussen apoptose onmiddelik ex vivo en na oornag kultuur. Daaropvolgend het ek apoptose in ‘n Suid Afrikaanse populasie van 18 simptomatiese kinders en 4 serologies terukerende gevalle bestudeer. CD4+ en CD8+ T sel apoptose was aansienlik hoër in siptomatiese MIV - 1-geinfekteerde kinders as in die serologies terukerende gevalle en seronegatiewe kontroles. CD4+ T sel apoptose het gekorrelleer met vermindering van CD4+ T sel persentasie. Ek het ook opgemerk dat daar ‘n tendens bestaan het tot verhoogde CD4+ T sel apoptose in pasiente wat besig was om te herstel van bykomende siektes. Ek het CD4+ en CD8+ T sel apoptose in kohorte van Denver, Colorado en Tygerberg, Suid Afrika vergelyk. Suid Afrikaanse pasiente was jonger en meer wangevoed as hul Noord Amerikaanse ewekniee. Suid Afrikaanse kinders het ook meer gevorderde siekte gehad. Wanneer pasiente gepas is vir die graad van ernstigheid van siekte en slegs die minder ernstige (B) en ernstige siekte (C) vergelyk is, was CD8+ T sel apoptose beduidend hoër in Noord Amerikaanse pasiente. Hierdie waarneming ondersteun die hipotese dat CD 8+ T sel aktiwiteit moontlik onderdruk mag wees in simptomatiese Suid Afrikaanse MIV-1-geinfekteerde kinders.
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Björndal, Åsa. "Biological determinants of HIV infection : studies of viral evolution during disease progression in children and adults /". Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-3996-9/.
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Malone, Marilyn Hinnenkamp. "Assessment of nutritional status in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101449.
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A detailed nutritional assessment was carried out on thirteen patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Estimates of body fat and skeletal muscle were measured using triceps-skinfold, mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle area, and creatinine height index. Body weight was compared to standards for height and sex. Serum albumin and transferrin levels were measured to estimate visceral protein stores. The average Kilocalorie and protein intake was assessed from four day records and compared to estimated Kilocalorie and protein needs.
The findings of this assessment showed decreased skeletal and visceral protein stores that can be characterized as a mixed type of malnutrition, or marasmic-kwashiokor. Protein intake was also shown to be inadequate when compared to estimated protein needs for stress and/or infection. This could contribute to diminished protein stores and muscle wasting.M.S.
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Wiggins, Charles Lamar. "Kaposi's sarcoma and sexually transmitted disease /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10933.
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Mahtab, Sana. "Influence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and other risk factors on tuberculosis". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16648.
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Includes bibliographical referencesIntroduction: Tuberculosis (TB) notification in South Africa has increased six fold over the last two decades mainly because of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic. Globally, it was estimated that 73% of the TB cases were co-infected with HIV with more than 25% of this global co-infection burden being in South Africa alone. In 2012, globally 1.3 million deaths occurred due to TB; moreover 0.3 million were HIV-associated TB death. In 2010 TB was the leading cause of natural deaths in the population aged 15 to 24 years accounting for 14% of the total deaths in South Africa. In 2013 the proportion of patients with TB who were co-infected with HIV was extremely high at 62%.The outcome of co-infected patients was poorer than the outcome of HIV negative TB patients. However, there is little information available on the risk factors associated with TB treatment outcomes and the influence of co-infection. Method: A cross sectional study analysed Electronic TB Register (ETR.net) data from the Metro East Geographic Service Area (GSA) of the Cape Town Metro district. The dataset included adult patients aged 15 years or more, who initiated TB treatment between 1st July 2011 and 30th June 2012. In the descriptive analysis we analysed death separately but for the regression we merged death with unfavourable treatment outcome. Relative risks were used for measures of association. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using a generalized linear regression model. Statistically significant variables in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. Findings: TB case notification in Eastern GSA was 922 per 100 000 population. Of the 12672 TB patients registered, 50% were co-infected with HIV. The incidence of death in co-infected was 5% versus 3% in uninfected, treatment success 67% versus 73% and unfavourable treatment outcome 28% versus 24%. The Khayelitsha sub-district had the highest proportion of the TB burden (37%) and of co-infection (65%). Fourteen percent of patients had extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB), 66% of whom were co-infected with HIV. In the multivariate analysis HIV (RR 1.2), retreatment (RR 1.4) and sputum smear microscopy not done (RR 1.4) were significantly associated with unfavourable treatment outcome. The sub districts Eastern (RR 0.9) and Northern (RR 0.7) were less likely to develop unfavourable outcome compared to Khayelitsha. In the stratified analysis, retreatment (RR 1.3) and smear not done (RR 1.3) were significant risk factors for an unfavourable treatment outcome in co-infected patients. Amongst HIV negative patients retreatment (RR 1.6) and smear not done (RR 1.6) were significant risk factors for an unfavourable treatment outcome. Conclusions: The incidence of TB is extremely high in the Eastern GSA of Cape Town however the prevalence of co-infection varies across the sub-districts. Although treatment outcomes have been improving, co-infection, retreatment and smear microscopy not done pre-treatment were factors significantly associated with an unfavourable treatment outcome. Eastern and Northern sub-districts were significantly more likely to have favourable treatment outcomes compared to Khayelitsha, where both TB incidence and HIV co-infection were greatest.
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McNab, Tegan Josephine. "An analysis of Bovine immunodeficiency virus and Jembrana disease virus infections in Bos javanicus". Thesis, McNab, Tegan Josephine (2010) An analysis of Bovine immunodeficiency virus and Jembrana disease virus infections in Bos javanicus. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/4153/.
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Two closely related bovine lentiviruses have been described, Jembrana disease virus (JDV) and Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), that produce very different clinical manifestations in infected cattle. JDV causes an acute disease with a case fatality rate of about 21% in Bos javanicus (Bali cattle) and is endemic in the cattle population of parts of Indonesia. BIV produces a subclinical infection in Bos taurus and buffalo and serological evidence has shown that this virus has a worldwide distribution, possibly including Indonesia.
Attempts were made to confirm a previous report that BIV was present in the B. javanicus population in Indonesia. BIV proviral DNA was not detected in any of the animals although JDV proviral DNA was detected in 12 of 171 animals, only one of which was seropositive.
To define the kinetics of BIV infection in B. javanicus and determine the optimal time for sampling to detect BIV infection, 13 animals were experimentally infected with the R29 strain of BIV. No clinical effects were detected but proviral DNA was detected from 4-60 days post-infection (dpi) with peak titres 20 days dpi, and a transient viraemia from 4 to 14 dpi. An antibody response to TM was detected 12 dpi but an anti-capsid (CA) antibody response was detected in one animal only and not until 34 dpi. The results indicated that detection of BIV in infected Bali cattle using PCR would have a greater chance of success soon after infection and prior to the onset of a CA antibody response.
To determine the effect of BIV infection on subsequent JDV infection in B. javanicus, 15 cattle were infected with BIV-R29 and 9 of these were subsequently infected 42 days later with JDV. The response to BIV was typical of that observed previously but BIV infection did not markedly modify the response to subsequent infection with JDV. In response to JDV infection, all cattle previously infected with BIV still developed an acute disease process typical of Jembrana disease. The results suggested that despite the close genetic and antigenic relationship between BIV and JDV, BIV infection does not confer protection against subsequent JDV infection. The close antigenic relationship between BIV and JDV is a problem in the development of specific serological tests and immunosurveillance of JDV infection. To develop reagents capable of differentiating between antibody to BIV and JDV infections, peptide mapping was used to define linear B cell epitopes on the matrix (MA), CA and surface unit (SU) proteins of JDV. Short overlapping peptides that spanned these regions were synthesised and used in an ELISA format to screen their reactivity with a panel of bovine sera from animals experimentally infected with JDVTab87, JDVPul01 or BIV-R29. Peptides representing potential immunoreactive epitopes were identified that appeared to offer promise in the development of JDVspecific serological tests and need to be tested further with a panel of sera taken from naturally infected cattle.
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Claasen-Hoskins, Blanche Judith. "The impact of human immunodeficiency virus & acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the Department of Agriculture: Western Cape : a human resource management planning strategy /". Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/19.
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Thompson, Judy. "The health literacy needs of women living with human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immuno deficiency syndrome who attend the wellness clinic at the Jubilee Hospital in Hammanskraal". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/657.
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Jin, Hong. "Molecular investigations of disease genes in Xq22.1 region of the human X chromosome". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298772.
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Pejavar, Sunanda. "Prevalence and Predictors of Chronic Liver Disease in an Urban HIV Population". Yale University, 2006. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-06282006-135229/.
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Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence and etiologies of CLD in an urban HIV-infected population and to identify CLD risk factors. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 799 HIV-infected patients seen at four New Haven health centers from 2002 to 2003. We applied the New Haven County Liver Study definition to identify patients with CLD. 65% were male, 44% were African American, and 23% were of Hispanic ethnicity. The mean age was 45 years. 30% had a history of alcohol abuse. 35% reported injection drug use as their HIV risk factor. Heterosexual contact and men having sex with men (MSM) were reported in 31% and 16% of cases. 50% of patients had a diagnosis of AIDS. 60% percent of patients had CLD. Over 50% of cases of CLD were attributed to chronic hepatitis C (HCV), either alone or with coexisting alcoholic liver disease. Alcoholic liver disease alone, hepatitis B virus (HBV), HAART-induced liver disease, and non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) accounted for smaller percentages. 84% of patients were on HAART, but only 3.6% of patients with positive HCV or HBV serologies were on treatment for CLD. 75% of patients received pneumococcal and influenza vaccines, but only half of eligible patients received hepatitis A and B vaccines. In multivariate analysis, alcohol abuse and positive HCV status were associated with CLD. CLD is prevalent in our population. Preventive care and treatment for CLD are being overlooked in many. Vaccines, treatment for viral hepatitis, and strategies for reducing drug and alcohol abuse are priorities.
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Cornejo-Venegas, G., Gonzalo Cornejo-Venegas, Juan José Montenegro-Idrogo, Cristhian Resurrección-Delgado, Carolina Mendez-Guerra, Andres Quevedo-Ramirez, Yuri García-Cortez i Alfredo Chiappe-Gonzalez. "Leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with nontyphoidal Salmonella in a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus". SAGE Publications Ltd, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651729.
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A 27-year-old Peruvian woman living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in clinical stage B3 and not on antiretroviral therapy presented with a ten-day history of fever, chills, night sweats and a two-day history of skin lesions. On physical examination, several erythematous-purplish lesions were found on the face and legs. Meningococcal infection was suspected and ceftriaxone was started. Blood culture grew nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica. A biopsy of the skin lesions showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV); therefore, corticosteroids were added. After two weeks of antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment, the lesions had resolved, but they recurred two days after treatment with prednisone was stopped. Corticosteroids and combination antiretroviral therapy were started simultaneously and the lesions resolved without recurrence. HIV infection has been associated with higher rates of skin lesions in salmonellosis. LCV has been described both in the setting of HIV infection and salmonellosis. However, our review of the literature found no previous cases of LCV in concurrent HIV and salmonellosis.Revisión por pares
Revisión por pares
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Rygelski, Marian Mikaela, i Marian Mikaela Rygelski. "The Role of Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease in HIV-Infected Patients". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626402.
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type I, or HIV, is one of the most well-known and well-researched viruses in the world. The current standard of care for HIV infected individuals is an antiretroviral drug therapy regiment, or ART, started immediately after diagnosis. While this treatment is generally quite effective at keeping the viral load low and stopping the progression from HIV infection to AIDS, patients receiving ART therapy still have a lower life expectancy than uninfected individuals. Many times, the cause of death in these patients is not the common opportunistic pathogens and cancers linked to HIV and AIDS, but chronic health conditions that develop. One of these conditions that is seen in many of the HIV infected patients undergoing the antiretroviral therapy is cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Research shows that one of the key players in developing these conditions in HIV patients is the chronic inflammation caused by the immune system attempts to control the level of the virus. By studying the links between HIV, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease, we may be able to find solutions to the development of chronic disease in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy.
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Filary, Richard Michael. "Canonical concerns about the right to marry of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Yearley, Jennifer Holmes. "Myocardial Macrophage Phenotypic Variation and Cytokine-Mediated Induction of HIV-Associated Cardiac Disease: A Dissertation". eScholarship@UMMS, 2008. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/355.
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Ventricular dysfunction and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) develop among untreated HIV-infected people at much higher rates than among HIV-negative individuals, resulting in significant contributions to morbidity and mortality. Mechanisms underlying development of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy (HIVCM) are as yet poorly understood. The well-characterized simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model of HIV infection provides a unique context for HIVCM pathogenesis studies in that SIV-infected rhesus monkeys develop myocardial lesions and contractile dysfunction similar to those described in HIV-infected people, suggesting a shared disease mechanism.
Lymphocytic myocarditis is a commonly reported finding in AIDS patients at autopsy and constitutes one of several conditions known to predispose to development of DCM, irrespective of HIV-infection status. As lymphocytic myocarditis also occurs with high frequency among SIV-infected rhesus monkeys, a retrospective analysis of rhesus monkey cardiac tissue collected at necropsy was performed to examine viral and cellular correlates of lymphocytic inflammation within myocardial tissue. One subpopulation of macrophages, which has been reported by other groups to be associated with an anti-inflammatory phenotype, was found to correlate inversely with lymphocytic infiltration and positively with numbers of virus infected cells, suggesting effects of an anti-inflammatory cytokine production profile.
In contrast, the detrimental effects of inflammatory cytokines on myocardial structure and function are well-recognized and HIV infection in general is characterized by chronic immune activation and inflammatory cytokine dysregulation. To further investigate a role for myocardial cytokine production in development of HIVCM, a prospective study was conducted in which SIV-infected rhesus monkeys and uninfected controls were treated with recurrent administration of inactivated Mycobacterium aviumcomplex bacteria (MAC). SIV-infected, MAC-treated animals rapidly developed significant ventricular systolic dysfunction and chamber dilatation not seen in control groups, suggesting an exaggerated myocardial sensitivity to exogenous antigenic stimulation. Concurrent treatment with the TNFα antagonist etanercept completely abrogated development of these changes, strongly implicating a causative role for TNFα in evolution of the contractile dysfunction and chamber remodeling.
Findings reported from the current studies suggest that characteristics of local myocardial macrophage populations and the myocardial tissue cytokine milieu may play more important roles than lymphocytic infiltration, cardiomyocyte damage, or viral proteins in the pathogenesis of HIVCM.
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Gumedze, Freedom N. "Modelling relationships between clinical markers of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus disease in a South African population". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19810.
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Bibliography: pages 91-99.This study investigated relationships between the CD4 count and other clinical markers of the HIV disease, total lymphocyte count and viral load, in a South African population. The CD4 count has been an important clinical marker of disease progression in HIV infected individuals,,-and has been the focus of many studies in developed countries. Most of the studies reported in the literature have been done using data from well-defined cohorts of HIV patients. Similar studies in Africa do not appear to have been done. This study used clinical records of HIV infected individuals attending the Somerset Hospital HIV Clinic, over the period 1984-97, to study the relationship between the CD4 count and total lymphocyte count. From a practical perspective this relationship is important in South Africa for two reasons. Firstly, a majority of the HIV infected population is poor and can not afford the higher costs associated with the measurement of the CD4 count instead of the total lymphocyte count. .. Secondly, in many small clinics or hospitals in South Africa the equipment for measuring the CD4 count is generally not available but the equipment for measuring the total lymphocyte count is widely available.
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Scherer, aus Pullach Patricia. "Diagnose HIV+ trauma oder chance? : das human immunodeficiency virus uns das acquired immune deficiency syndrome als "voodoo-formeln" der moderne /". München : Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38175768.html.
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Pickthall, Linda E. "A phenomenological study of nurses' experiences caring for patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28796.
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This study describes hospital nurses' experiences caring for patients with AIDS. A modified version of Speigelberg's phenomenological approach was used which explored the nurses' experiences from their perspective. A total of eight nurses who had cared for patients with AIDS were interviewed.
The findings indicated that caring for these patients is stressful. The researcher identified sources of stress as both internal and external. Internal stressors included: (1) fear of contracting AIDS; (2) homophobia; and (3) caring for dying AIDS patients. The two external stressors were patient variables and societal views. Lack of perceived emotional support from nursing administration further increased the stress. These nurses believed this form of support was essential.
In order to cope with these experiences, the nurses utilized their usual coping strategies. Common ones were being physically active, relaxing, and talking with others. Different coping strategies were used to deal with the specific stressors. These were identified by the researcher as: (1) rationalization;
(2) knowledge-seeking; (3) withdrawal; and (4) involvement.
This study's findings emphasize the need for support for all nurses caring for patients with AIDS. Implications for nursing education, practice, and research were identified.Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
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Presnell, Scott. "Whatever the individual says it is : a phenomenological analysis of chronic pain in people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-associated distal symmetrical polyneuropathy /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18066.pdf.
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Broadbent, Suzanne, i n/a. "The Effects of Age and Aerobic Training on T Helper Lymphocyte Proliferation". Griffith University. School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050113.115912.
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Deficiencies in immune responses can lead to increases in the rate of infections and chronic diseases, such as cancer. Critical to the adaptive immune response is the activation of the T helper (Th)/CD4+ cell, the subsequent production of interleukin 2 (IL-2), expression of IL-2 and transferrin receptors (IL-2R, TfR) and transcription of genes resulting in DNA synthesis and T cell clonal expansion. The CD4+ lymphocyte response is impaired with ageing. Recent evidence suggests that moderate, regular aerobic training may increase the responsiveness of CD4+ lymphocytes to antigenic and mitogenic challenge, and thereby improve immune function in the older individual. Large volumes of chronic endurance training, and also high intensity training, may adversely affect the immune response, leading to immunosuppression and increased risk of infections. Impaired immune function and increased rates of URTI are found in athletes who undergo large volumes of training, often at high intensity. Purpose: To investigate if long-term aerobic training improved the immune response in men and women aged 65 to 75 years and, and to investigate if long-term endurance training depressed the immune response in male athletes aged 23 to 36 years. Methods:T helper lymphocyte proliferation was assessed monthly, by inducing the expression of CD25 (IL-2R ) and CD71 (transferrin) receptors with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Percentage of CD4+ cells positive for the receptors, and the receptor density, were measured using two colour flow cytometry. Concentrations of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and iron (Fe3+) were also measured monthly to determine the effect of endurance training on intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and Fe3+ ([Fe3+]i) within the CD4+ lymphocyte signal transduction pathway. Results: After twelve months of moderate aerobic training the percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes positive for CD25 increased in males aged 65 to 75 years, but not in females. There was no training effect on the density of CD25 in either gender, nor was there a training-induced increase in [Ca2+]i, total intracellular [Ca2+] from endoplasmic reticulum stores ([Ca2+]t) or [Fe3+] in this age group. Significant month to month variations in leucocyte, erythrocyte and haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, platelets, CD25 expression, CD71 expression, [Ca2+] and [Fe3+] were documented for both trained and untrained male and female groups. Aerobic capacity increased significantly with training for both men and women, with increases in peak, peak power and peak ventilation (p less than 0.05). Twelve months of chronic endurance training produced significantly lower haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and platelet concentration for six ([Hb]) and nine months ([MCHC], platelets) of the year in Ironman-distance triathletes, compared to sedentary males aged 23 to 36 years. There was no evidence of immunosuppression in the trained group, with no significant differences between groups in the percentage of CD4+ cells positive for CD25. The trained group showed a significantly higher density of CD25 receptors in October, January and June, suggesting a better immune response during these months. Endurance training did not effect [Ca2+] or [Fe3+]. The trained group did not show a reduced leucocyte concentration, and reported significantly fewer cases of URTI in twelve months than their sedentary counterparts. The 23 to 36 years age group showed seasonal changes in haematological and immunological indices similar to older individuals, indicating that autumn, late winter and late spring are periods of reduced immuno-competency. Conclusion: Twelve months of moderate intensity training significantly increased functional capacity in older men and women, and the percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes expressing CD25 in older men, thereby improving the lymphoid immune response. Twelve months of endurance training significantly increased CD25 density in CD4+ lymphocytes in Ironman triathletes compared to sedentary young males. The monthly changes in immune variables in young and older subjects suggested that autumn, late winter and late spring might be periods where individuals were more at risk of succumbing to infections due to decreased lymphocyte responsiveness. Summer months appeared to be a period of increased lymphocyte responsiveness and proliferation.
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Broadbent, Suzanne. "The Effects of Age and Aerobic Training on T Helper Lymphocyte Proliferation". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366869.
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Deficiencies in immune responses can lead to increases in the rate of infections and chronic diseases, such as cancer. Critical to the adaptive immune response is the activation of the T helper (Th)/CD4+ cell, the subsequent production of interleukin 2 (IL-2), expression of IL-2 and transferrin receptors (IL-2R, TfR) and transcription of genes resulting in DNA synthesis and T cell clonal expansion. The CD4+ lymphocyte response is impaired with ageing. Recent evidence suggests that moderate, regular aerobic training may increase the responsiveness of CD4+ lymphocytes to antigenic and mitogenic challenge, and thereby improve immune function in the older individual. Large volumes of chronic endurance training, and also high intensity training, may adversely affect the immune response, leading to immunosuppression and increased risk of infections. Impaired immune function and increased rates of URTI are found in athletes who undergo large volumes of training, often at high intensity. Purpose: To investigate if long-term aerobic training improved the immune response in men and women aged 65 to 75 years and, and to investigate if long-term endurance training depressed the immune response in male athletes aged 23 to 36 years. Methods:T helper lymphocyte proliferation was assessed monthly, by inducing the expression of CD25 (IL-2R ) and CD71 (transferrin) receptors with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Percentage of CD4+ cells positive for the receptors, and the receptor density, were measured using two colour flow cytometry. Concentrations of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and iron (Fe3+) were also measured monthly to determine the effect of endurance training on intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and Fe3+ ([Fe3+]i) within the CD4+ lymphocyte signal transduction pathway. Results: After twelve months of moderate aerobic training the percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes positive for CD25 increased in males aged 65 to 75 years, but not in females. There was no training effect on the density of CD25 in either gender, nor was there a training-induced increase in [Ca2+]i, total intracellular [Ca2+] from endoplasmic reticulum stores ([Ca2+]t) or [Fe3+] in this age group. Significant month to month variations in leucocyte, erythrocyte and haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, platelets, CD25 expression, CD71 expression, [Ca2+] and [Fe3+] were documented for both trained and untrained male and female groups. Aerobic capacity increased significantly with training for both men and women, with increases in peak, peak power and peak ventilation (p less than 0.05). Twelve months of chronic endurance training produced significantly lower haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and platelet concentration for six ([Hb]) and nine months ([MCHC], platelets) of the year in Ironman-distance triathletes, compared to sedentary males aged 23 to 36 years. There was no evidence of immunosuppression in the trained group, with no significant differences between groups in the percentage of CD4+ cells positive for CD25. The trained group showed a significantly higher density of CD25 receptors in October, January and June, suggesting a better immune response during these months. Endurance training did not effect [Ca2+] or [Fe3+]. The trained group did not show a reduced leucocyte concentration, and reported significantly fewer cases of URTI in twelve months than their sedentary counterparts. The 23 to 36 years age group showed seasonal changes in haematological and immunological indices similar to older individuals, indicating that autumn, late winter and late spring are periods of reduced immuno-competency. Conclusion: Twelve months of moderate intensity training significantly increased functional capacity in older men and women, and the percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes expressing CD25 in older men, thereby improving the lymphoid immune response. Twelve months of endurance training significantly increased CD25 density in CD4+ lymphocytes in Ironman triathletes compared to sedentary young males. The monthly changes in immune variables in young and older subjects suggested that autumn, late winter and late spring might be periods where individuals were more at risk of succumbing to infections due to decreased lymphocyte responsiveness. Summer months appeared to be a period of increased lymphocyte responsiveness and proliferation.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science
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Blay, Wendy Marie. "Human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) envelope evolution and the relationship to neutralizing antibodies /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9296.
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Valenzuela, Rodríguez Germán, Holguín Edward Mezones, Urbina Fernando Mendo i Morales Alfonso J. Rodríguez. "Cardiovascular disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infection as a cause of hospitalization: a case-series in a General Hospital in Peru". Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/550453.
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Background
Cardiovascular disease in the context of human immunodeficiency virus infection has become a major clinical concern in recent years. In the current report we assess hospitalizations due to cardiovascular disease in human immunodeficiency virus patients in a Social Security reference hospital in Peru.
Methods
A retrospective study was carried out between January 1996 and December 2012 in a General Hospital in Lima, Peru.
Results
We included 26 patients hospitalized due to cardiovascular disease. Mean age was 46.3 years (SD 12.5), predominantly male (57.7%). Ten patients (38.4%) were in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome stages. Seventeen (65.4%) received high-active-antiretroviral therapy. Eleven (42.3%) had cardiac involvement and 15 (57.7%) had non-cardiac vascular involvement. The most frequent causes of cardiac involvement were pericardial effusion and myocardial infarction. On the other hand, deep vein thrombosis and stroke were the most frequent for non-cardiac vascular involvement.
Conclusions
Cardiovascular disease is an important cause of hospitalization in Peruvian human immunodeficiency virus patients, with differences between immunosuppression stages. Further studies analyzing associated factors are warranted.germanvrodriguez@yahoo.com
Revisión por pares
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Sowers, Kerri. "Impact of an Exercise Program on Stress, Fatigue, and Quality of Life for Individuals Living with Primary Immunodeficiency Disease". Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hpd_pt_stuetd/63.
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Background: There are over 300 Primary Immunodeficiency diseases (PID) that are a result of a genetic or idiopathic dysfunction of any aspect of the immune system. These conditions result in a higher frequency of infections, autoimmune conditions, or malignancies. Moderate intensity exercise is thought to help the immune system, while high intensity exercise may have a negative impact on immune function. The impact of exercise on individuals with an impaired immune system due to PID is not yet understood. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a low to moderate intensity exercise program would have an effect on stress, fatigue, and quality of life (QoL) for individuals diagnosed with PID. Methods: 34 participants were included in this eight-week, mixed-methods, randomized controlled trial, either as part of the control group, or as part of the exercise intervention group. Participants completed pre- and post-study outcome measures, reflective journaling, and a post-study interview. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for the outcome measures, infection incidence, or need for non-routine medical care. There was a clinically significant decline in the Physical Component Summary score of the SF-36v2 for the control group at the end of the study. The scores for the SF-36v2, for all participants, were below normative scores for all domains, at the beginning and end of the study. Four main themes emerged from the qualitative interviews: living with a ‘new normal’, the challenges of living with a chronic disease, facing the stigma of a chronic disease, and wanting to exercise, but were too exhausted to do so. Conclusions: Individuals with a diagnosis of PID have lower QoL scores as compared to population norms. They face high levels of stress, overwhelming fatigue, social isolation, and decreased emotional well-being. Exercise programs for this patient population did not result in increased infections or need for non-routine medical care but did result in emotional implications that need to be considered. Healthcare providers need to address emotional well-being and provide coping strategies. Exercise programs should be designed with a slow, methodical ramp-up to avoid increasing fatigue or stress, while exercise goals must be highly achievable and realistic. Physical therapists should collaborate with other healthcare professionals for a more holistic and interprofessional approach to working with patients with a diagnosis of PID.
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Maeng, Jae G., i Stephen A. Geraci. "Cardiovirology Clinic for Primary Prevention in HIV Patients: a Quality Improvement Assessment". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/191.
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INTRODUCTION
With effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection now enjoy life expectancies approaching those of uninfected individuals. Prolonged longevity has increased the prevalence of non-communicable comorbidities within the HIV patient population. HIV is a known independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), imparting a 1.5-2 -fold higher incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) on infected patients. Deaths from ASCVD have increased as a result, despite a decline in total mortality. The Center of Excellence for HIV/AIDS care established a Cardiovirology Clinic (CvC) focused on providing primary and secondary preventative cardiovascular care to its patients. To date, there are no known data on the efficacy of such an intervention. We sought to define the performance of this care model for primary prevention.
METHODS
Unique CvC patients (n=68) with a treatment delivery window between September 1, 2017 to August 31, 2018 were identified through billing records. All patients were receiving HAART as prescribed by their infectious disease provider. Those with established ASCVD (n=10) were excluded from analysis to limit the study to primary prevention patients. We collected data on ASCVD risk factors (family history of premature ASCVD and personal histories of smoking, diabetes, hypertension [with degree of control], dyslipidemia, drug and alcohol use, and exercise) from the electronic health record. Body-mass index and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were also collected. Laboratory values including CD4 cell count, HIV-1 viral load, proteinuria, glomerular filtration rate, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high (HDL) and low density (LDL) lipoprotein were included in the data collection. Estimates of 5-year risk of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or need for major revascularization was calculated using the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) equations.
Patient data were de-identified. Two-tailed, paired T-testing was performed for each factor comparing the initial and most recent follow-up values. Significance was defined as p value <0.05.
RESULTS
Using univariate analysis, reductions in D:A:D risk (relative 32.01%, absolute 1.49%, p
CONCLUSION
In this initial assessment, treated HIV patients appeared to enjoy meaningful reductions in MACE risk through the preventive care they received in this clinic, suggesting that CvCs could be a partial solution to the growing ASCVD morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals. Limitations of this study include a small patient population (n=58) (limiting us to univariate analyses) and short duration of follow up (≤ 1 year). Data collection will continue annually for 4 additional years. With increasing subject numbers, multivariate analyses to determine if components of ASCVD risk reduction show interactions, and which factors, interactions and interventions impart the greatest risk reduction, will be performed in improve the quality of care.
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Bombereau, Gaëlle. "Représentations sociales du VIH/SIDA en Guadeloupe et recommandations à l'usage de la santé publique la peur ou la mort dans l'âme dans les Antilles françaises /". Connect to this title online, 2005. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/14520.
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Parathyras, John Burns. "Molecular genetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus antiretroviral therapy response in South Africa : a pharmacogenetics study". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/453.
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Bayoumi, Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud. "Cost-effectiveness of strategies for the prophylaxis of Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28739.pdf.
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Simpson, Shmona. "Genetic, structural, and functional exploration of the restrictive capacity of TRIM proteins against immunodeficiency viruses". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1af588ba-603a-4f39-9443-bb1a95d983f5.
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HIV-2 differs from HIV-1 in that many infected people experience normal survival, whilst only 20% progress rapidly to AIDS. Understanding mechanisms of delayed HIV-2 disease progression could provide new insights into HIV control. The Caio Community Cohort was established in Guinea-Bissau in the setting of high HIV-2 prevalence. This thesis investigates the role of polymorphic host restriction factors of the TRIM family in HIV-2 outcome. TRIM proteins are a family of E3 ubiquitin-ligases, where closely-related TRIM5α and TRIM22 are thought to inhibit HIV-1 transcription, uncoating and budding. There was an association between TRIM5α amino acid substitution R136Q and reduced HIV-2 viral load/prolonged survival. Conversely, P479L was enriched among HIV-2 infected participants and progressors with CD4+ T cell decline. TRIM22 was highly polymorphic in this cohort, revealing three novel coding variants. Although most substitutions were located in the putative virus-interacting PRYSPRY domain, two in the coiled-coil, D155N and R242T, showed significant and divergent associations with survival. R242T was enriched in HIV-2 infected participants, who progressed to death at twice the rate of wild-type controls. In silico studies predicted D282, D360, and R321 of TRIM22 to be highly conserved, exposed residues, for which polymorphisms would be deleterious. When aligned with sequences from the potent HIV-1 restriction factor, rhesus macaque TRIM5α, TRIM22 substitutions R321K, T415I, and D360Y were spatially relevant to residues involved in HIV-1 restriction. The role of TRIM22 in HIV restriction was supported by in vitro pilot studies showing that TRIM22 was upregulated by HIV-1 infection in a lymphoid cell line and co-localised with the HIV-1 capsid protein p24. Overexpression of TRIM22 resulted in the restriction of VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 and SIVmac. The R242T substitution diminished TRIM22's restriction of HIV-1 and SIVmac: protein analysis suggested that this may be due to the inability of the R242T mutant to fully dimerise.