Rozprawy doktorskie: „Immersed structures”

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O'Connor, Joseph. "Fluid-structure interactions of wall-mounted flexible slender structures". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fluidstructure-interactions-of-wallmounted-flexible-slender-structures(1dab2986-b78f-4ff9-9b2e-5d2181cfa009).html.

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The fluid-structure interactions of wall-mounted slender structures, such as cilia, filaments, flaps, and flags, play an important role in a broad range of physical processes: from the coherent waving motion of vegetation, to the passive flow control capability of hair-like surface coatings. While these systems are ubiquitous, their coupled nonlinear response exhibits a wide variety of behaviours that is yet to be fully understood, especially when multiple structures are considered. The purpose of this work is to investigate, via numerical simulation, the fluid-structure interactions of arrays of slender structures over a range of input conditions. A direct modelling approach, whereby the individual structures and their dynamics are fully resolved, is realised via a lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary model, which is coupled to two different structural solvers: an Euler-Bernoulli beam model, and a finite element model. Results are presented for three selected test cases - which build in scale from a single flap in a periodic array, to a small finite array of flaps, and finally to a large finite array - and the key behaviour modes are characterised and quantified. Results show a broad range of behaviours, which depend on the flow conditions and structural properties. In particular, the emergence of coherent waving motions are shown to be closely related to the natural frequency of the array. Furthermore, this behaviour is associated with a lock-in between the natural frequency of the array and the predicted frequency of the fluid instabilities. The original contributions of this work are: the development and application of a numerical tool for direct modelling of large arrays of slender structures; the characterisation of the behaviour of slender structures over a range of input conditions; and the exposition of key behaviour modes of slender structures and their relation to input conditions.

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Corti, Daniele Carlo. "Numerical methods for immersed fluid-structure interaction with enhanced interfacial mass conservation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS176.

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Cette thèse porte sur la modélisation, l'analyse numérique et à la simulation de problèmes d'interaction fluide-structure pour des structures minces immergées dans un fluide visqueux incompressible. La motivation sous-jacente de ce travail est la simulation des phénomènes d'interaction fluide-structure impliqués dans la simulation des valves cardiaques. Du point de vue méthodologique, un accent particulier est mis sur des méthodes avec maillage non conformes qui permettent de garantir la précision du résultat en minimisant le coût computationnel. Un aspect essentiel est de garantir la conservation de la masse à travers l'interface fluide-structure. Une extension de la méthode de maillage non conforme Nitsche-XFEM présentée dans Alauzet et al. (2016) à trois dimensions est d'abord proposée, portant à la fois sur des domaines fluides entièrement et partiellement intersectés. Pour y parvenir, un algorithme de tessellation général et robuste a été développé sans recourir à des générateurs de maillage de type boîte noire. De plus, une nouvelle approche pour imposer la continuité dans des domaines partiellement intersectés est introduite. Cependant, dans les situations impliquant des phénomènes de contact avec de multiples interfaces, l'implémentation informatique devient extrêmement complexe, notamment en 3D. Ensuite, une méthode de domaine fictif innovante d'ordre inférieur est introduite, qui atténue les problèmes inhérents de conservation de la masse résultant de l'approximation continue de la pression en incorporant une seule contrainte de vitesse. Une analyse complète des erreurs a priori pour un problème de Stokes avec une contrainte de Dirichlet sur une interface immergée est fournie. Enfin, cette approche de domaine fictif est formulée dans un cadre d'interaction fluide-structure avec des solides minces et appliquée avec succès pour simuler la dynamique de la valve aortique
The present thesis is dedicated to the modeling, numerical analysis, and simu- lation of fluid-structure interaction problems involving thin-walled structures immersed in incompressible viscous fluid. The underlying motivation behind this work is the simulation of the fluid-structure interaction phenomena involved in cardiac valves. From a methodological standpoint, special focus is placed on unfitted mesh methods that guarantee accuracy without compromising computational complexity. An essential aspect is ensuring mass conservation across the fluid-structure interface. An extension of the unfitted mesh Nitsche-XFEM method reported in Alauzet et al. (2016) to three dimensions is first pro- posed, addressing both fully and partially intersected fluid domains. To achieve this, a robust general tessellation algorithm has been developed without relying on black-box mesh generators. Additionally, a novel approach for enforcing continuity in partially intersected domains is introduced. However, in situations involving contact phenomena with multiple interfaces, the computational implementation becomes exceedingly complex, particularly in 3D. Subsequently, an innovative low-order fictitious domain method is introduced, which mitigates inherent mass conservation issues arising from continuous pressure approximation by incorporating a single velocity constraint. A comprehensive a priori error analysis for a Stokes problem with a Dirichlet constraint on an immersed interface is provided. Finally, this fictitious domain approach is formulated within a fluid-structure interaction framework with general thin-walled solids and successfully applied to simulate the dynamics of the aortic valve

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Kara, Mustafa Can. "Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) of flow past elastically supported rigid structures". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51931.

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Fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is an important physical phenomenon in many applications and across various disciplines including aerospace, civil and bio-engineering. In civil engineering, applications include the design of wind turbines, pipelines, suspension bridges and offshore platforms. Ocean structures such as drilling risers, mooring lines, cables, undersea piping and tension-leg platforms can be subject to strong ocean currents, and such structures may suffer from Vortex-Induced Vibrations (VIV's), where vortex shedding of the flow interacts with the structural properties, leading to large amplitude vibrations in both in-line and cross-flow directions. Over the past years, many experimental and numerical studies have been conducted to comprehend the underlying physical mechanisms. However, to date there is still limited understanding of the effect of oscillatory interactions between fluid flow and structural behavior though such interactions can cause large deformations. This research proposes a mathematical framework to accurately predict FSI for elastically supported rigid structures. The numerical method developed solves the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations for the fluid and the Equation of Motion (EOM) for the structure. The proposed method employs Finite Differences (FD) on Cartesian grids together with an improved, efficient and oscillation-free Immersed Boundary Method (IBM), the accuracy of which is verified for several test cases of increasing complexity. A variety of two and three dimensional FSI simulations are performed to demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of the method. In particular, forced and a free vibration of a rigid cylinder including Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) of an elastically supported cylinder are presented and compared with reference simulations and experiments. Then, the interference between two cylinders in tandem arrangement at two different spacing is investigated. In terms of VIV, three different scenarios were studied for each cylinder arrangement to compare resonance regime to a single cylinder. Finally, the IBM is implemented into a three-dimensional Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) method and two high Reynolds number (Re) flows are studied for a stationary and transversely oscillating cylinder. The robustness, accuracy and applicability of the method for high Re number flow is demonstrated by comparing the turbulence statistics of the two cases and discussing differences in the mean and instantaneous flows.

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Leone, Giada <1995&gt. "The production of dative structures in Italian English-immersed late bilinguals: a comparative study on Language Attrition". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/22026.

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While studies have focused on the impact of a L1 on a L2, less is known about dominant language transfer in L1 productions. This study aims at investigating first language (L1) attrition in Italian English-immersed late bilinguals. These bilinguals have learnt an additional language in adulthood and have been living in this language environment for an extended period of time. More precisely, the population of this study consisted in a group of Italians (n = 42) who have been living abroad for at least 5 years (English-immersed Participants). Data was also collected from a group of Italian L1 - English L2 late bilinguals in Italy (n = 24) with advanced levels of English proficiency (Controls). Native Language Attrition refers to situations where the speaker of a language experiences a gradual decrease of L1 performance, and this is not caused by a deterioration of the brain (e.g., due to age, illness or injury) but triggered by disuse, and pressure from another language due to a change of the linguistic environment (Schmid, 2008). Changes occurring at a cognitive level due to L1-L2 interaction patterns in bilingual minds suggest high plasticity of the brain and a strong adaptability of brain structures, even in the case of fully acquired L1s. We use a cross-linguistic Structural Priming task to investigate the production of Datives (8 Double Objects (DOs), 8 Prepositional Datives (PDs)) in both English-immersed Participants and Controls. Whereas English allows two alternative constructions to express the meaning of a ditransitive event, namely DOs (e.g., The girl gave the teacher a flower) and PDs (e.g., The girl gave a flower to the teacher), in Italian, the DO option is unlicenced and its use would yield an ungrammatical sentence. Italian does allow a dispreferred construction (Shifted PD) where the PD recipient immediately follows the verb. We predict that when primed with DO structures in English, Italian participants may resort to this construction. Participants were presented with a written English prime and asked to read it aloud before being recorded describing a target picture in Italian. The same verbs were kept between Prime and Target, and DO- PD-biases were manipulated (Gries & Stefanowitsch, 2004). This study attempts to answer the following questions: To what extent can cross-language interference lead to a change of L1 syntactic structures due to the phenomenon of Language Attrition? That is to say, can cross-linguistic Structural Priming be observed with language-specific syntactic structures not shared between languages? What role do environmental factors play on the phenomenon of L1 attrition? In other words, are there differences in the production of dative structures in people who claim to be L2 dominant? The following factors were considered to modulate the degree of attrition within the group of L2-immersed late bilinguals: length of residence in the L2 environment, L2 proficiency, and degree of L2 exposure in familiar and work environments. Higher levels of these factors were expected to have a positive correlation with the degree of L1 attrition. This study provides further evidence of cross-linguistic influence and L1 attrition in L2-immersed late bilinguals, supporting and extending previous studies on complex morphosyntactic structures. The different results obtained from the two groups provide evidence of language change even in individuals with fully acquired L1 grammars, given high degrees of L2 immersion and reduced use of the L1.

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Pepona, Marianna. "Modèle de frontières immergées pour la simulation d'écoulements de fluide en interaction avec des structures poreuses". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4349/document.

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Un large spectre d’applications en ingénierie est concerné par les écoulements de fluides en interaction avec des structures poreuses, allant de problèmes à petite échelle jusqu’à des problématiques de plus grande échelle. Ces structures poreuses, souvent à géométries complexes, peuvent se déplacer ou se déformer en réponse au forçage exercé par l’écoulement environnant.Le but de ce travail est de proposer un modèle numérique pour la simulation macroscopique d’écoulements de fluide interagissant avec des milieux poreux mobiles à géométries complexes, qui soit facile d’implémentation et pouvant être utilisé dans une large gamme d’applications. Pour atteindre cet objectif, la méthode de Lattice Boltzmann est utilisée pour résoudre l’écoulement dans des milieux poreux à l’échelle d’un volume représentatif élémentaire. Pour l’implémentation du mouvement désiré, le concept de frontières immergées est adopté. Dans ce contexte, un nouveau modèle est proposé pour traiter des milieux poreux en volume, dont la résistance à l’écoulement environnant est modélisé par la loi de Brinkman-Forchheimer-Darcy étendue.L’algorithme est d’abord testé sur l’écoulement à travers un cylindre fixe. La simplicité de ce cas test académique permet de caractériser finement la précision de la méthode. Le modèle est ensuite utilisé pour simuler des écoulements de fluide autour et à travers des corps poreux mobiles, à la fois pour des géométries confinées et pour des écoulements ouverts. L’invariance Galiléenne des équations moyennées macroscopiques gouvernant la dynamique du fluide est démontrée. D’excellents accords avec les résultats de référence sont obtenus pour les différents cas testés
A wide spectrum of engineering problems is concerned with fluid flows in interaction with porous structures, ranging from small length-scale problems to large ones. These structures, often of complex geometry, may move/deform in response to the forces exerted by the surrounding flow. Despite the advancements in computational fluid dynamics, the numerical simulation of such configurations - a valuable tool for the study of the flow physics involved - remains a challenging task.The aim of the present work is to propose a numerical model for the macroscopic simulation of fluid flows interacting with moving porous media of complex geometry, that is easy to implement and can be used in a range of applications. To achieve this, the Lattice Boltzmann method is employed for solving the flow in porous media at the representative elementary volume scale. For the implementation of the desired body motion, the concept of the Immersed Boundary method is adopted. In this context, a novel model is proposed for dealing with moving volumetric porous media, whose resistance to the surrounding flow obeys the Brinkman-Forchheimer-extended Darcy law. The algorithm is initially tested for flow past a static cylinder. The simplicity of this academic test case allows us to assess in detail the accuracy of the proposed method. The model is later used to simulate fluid flows around and through moving porous bodies, both in a confined geometry and in open space. We are able to demonstrate the Galilean invariance of the macroscopic volume-averaged flow governing equations. Excellent agreement with reference results is obtained in all cases

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Nasar, Abouzied. "Eulerian and Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics as models for the interaction of fluids and flexible structures in biomedical flows". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/eulerian-and-lagrangian-smoothed-particle-hydrodynamics-as-models-for-the-interaction-of-fluids-and-flexible-structures-in-biomedical-flows(507cd0db-0116-4258-81f2-8d242e8984fa).html.

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Fluid-structure interaction (FSI), occurrent in many areas of engineering and in the natural world, has been the subject of much research using a wide range of modelling strategies. However, problems with high levels of structural deformation are difficult to resolve and this is particularly the case for biomedical flows. A Lagrangian flow model coupled with a robust model for nonlinear structural mechanics seems a natural candidate since large distortion of the computational geometry is expected. Smoothed particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) has been widely applied for nonlinear interface modelling and this approach is investigated here. Biomedical applications often involve thin flexible structures and a consistent approach for modelling the interaction of fluids with such structures is also required. The Lagrangian weakly compressible SPH method is investigated in its recent delta-SPH form utilising inter-particle density fluxes to improve stability. Particle shifting is also used to maintain particle distributions sufficiently close to uniform to enable stable computation. The use of artificial viscosity is avoided since it introduces unphysical dissipation. First, solid boundary conditions are studied using a channel flow test. Results show that when the particle distribution is allowed to evolve naturally instabilities are observed and deviations are noted from the expected order of accuracy. A parallel development in the SPH group at Manchester has considered SPH in Eulerian form (for different applications). The Eulerian form is applied to the channel flow test resulting in improved accuracy and stability due to the maintenance of a uniform particle distribution. A higher-order accurate boundary model is developed and applied for the Eulerian SPH tests and third-order convergence is achieved. The well documented case of flow past a thin plate is then considered. The immersed boundary method (IBM) is now a natural candidate for the solid boundary. Again, it quickly becomes apparent that the Lagrangian SPH form has limitations in terms of numerical noise arising from anisotropic particle distributions. This corrupts the predicted flow structures for moderate Reynolds numbers (O(102)). Eulerian weakly compressible SPH is applied to the problem with the IBM and is found to give accurate and convergent results without any numerical stability problems (given the time step limitation defined by the Courant condition). Modelling highly flexible structures using the discrete element model is investigated where granular structures are represented as bonded particles. A novel vector-based form (the V-Model) is identified as an attractive approach and developed further for application to solid structures. This is shown to give accurate results for quasi-static and dynamic structural deformation tests. The V-model is applied to the decay of structural vibration in a still fluid modelled using Eulerian SPH with no artificial stabilising techniques. Again, results are in good agreement with predictions of other numerical models. A more demanding case representative of pulsatile flow through a deep leg vein valve is also modelled using the same form of Eulerian SPH. The results are free of numerical noise and complex FSI features are captured such as vortex shedding and non-linear structural deflection. Reasonable agreement is achieved with direct in-vivo observations despite the simplified two-dimensional numerical geometry. A robust, accurate and convergent method has thus been developed, at present for laminar two-dimensional low Reynolds number flows but this may be generalised. In summary a novel robust and convergent FSI model has been established based on Eulerian SPH coupled to the V-Model for large structural deformation. While these developments are in two dimensions the method is readily extendible to three-dimensional, laminar and turbulent flows for a wide range of applications in engineering and the natural world.

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Sidibé, Yaya Yannick. "Aide à la décision pour la détection et l’analyse des défauts de surface dans les structures immergées". Thesis, Le Havre, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEHA0006/document.

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Cette thèse concerne le développement de méthodes de détection et de diagnostic des défauts de surface dans les structures immergées. Les structures étudiées sont formées de plaques métalliques. Les méthodes proposées sont basées sur une analyse de mesures acoustiques ultrasonores issues d’échographie sous-marine. Cette analyse combine des outils usuels du traitement du signal et des méthodes de classification à base de réseaux de neurones gaussiens. Des variantes avec et sans modèle de référence sont proposées. Les techniques usuelles d’évaluation par contact montrent leurs limites pour le diagnostic des structures telles que les hydroliennes. Le présent travail de recherche consiste à utiliser un seul et unique transducteur sans contact sous différents angles contrairement à d’autres techniques qui nécessitent un grand nombre de capteurs et une connaissance précise de leur positionnement. Notre étude utilise les ondes de Lamb car elles sont très sensibles aux anomalies structurelles. Les principales étapes et outils utilisés sont les suivants : - 1. Utilisation d’un dispositif de génération et d’acquisition d’ondes de Lamb. - 2. Étude de la propagation d’ondes de Lamb dans les structures en immersion, en particulier dans les plaques métalliques immergées dans l’eau. - 3. Caractérisation des signaux pour différents types de défauts. - 4. Estimation de l’angle d’acquisition et de la distance du transducteur par rapport au centre de la plaque
This study concerns the damages detection and diagnosis for immersed structure. The structures are metallic plates. The proposed method focuses on the analysis of ultrasonic acoustic measurements obtained by submarine echography. It combines signal processing tools and Gaussian neural networks for classification purpose. Methods with and without reference models are proposed. The usual detection technics with contact are not applicable for the considered systems like stream turbines. This research consists to use a single and a single transducer under different incidence angles opposed to others technics using numerous sensors and their accurate location. The present research use Lamb wave according to their sensibility to the structural damages. The different stages are the following : - 1. Experimental setup for Lamb wave generation and acquisition. - 2. Study of the Lamb wave processing on immersed structures, in particular in metallic plate immersed in water. - 3 .Signal characterization for different types of damages. - 4. Estimation of the angle and lift-off distance

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Benyo, Krisztian. "Analyse mathématique de l’interaction d’un fluide non-visqueux avec des structures immergées". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0156/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur l’analyse mathématique de l’interaction d’un fluide non-visqueux avec des structures immergées. Plus précisément, elle est structurée autour de deux axes principaux. L’un d’eux est l’analyse asymptotique du mouvement d’une particule infinitésimale en milieu liquide. L’autre concerne l’interaction entre des vagues et une structure immergée. La première partie de la thèse repose sur l’analyse mathématique d’un système d’équations différentielles ordinaires non-linéaires d’ordre 2 modélisant le mouvement d’un solide infiniment petit dans un fluide incompressible en 2D. Les inconnues du modèle décrivent la position du solide, c’est-à-dire la position du centre de masse et son angle de rotation. Les équations proviennent de la deuxième loi de Newton avec un prototype de force de type Kutta-Joukowski. Plus précisément, nous étudions la dynamique de ce système lorsque l’inertie du solide tend vers 0. Les principaux outils utilisés sont des développements asymptotiques multiéchelles en temps. Pour la dynamique de la position du centre de masse, l’étude met en évidence des analogies avec le mouvement d’une particule chargée dans un champ électromagnétique et la théorie du centre-guide. En l’occurrence, le mouvement du centreguide est donné par une équation de point-vortex. La dynamique de l’angle est quant à elle donnée par une équation de pendule non-linéaire lentement modulée. Des régimes très différents se distinguent selon les données initiales. Pour de petites vitesses angulaires initiales la méthode de Poincaré-Lindstedt fait apparaitre une modulation des oscillations rapides, alors que pour de grandes vitesses angulaires initiales, un movement giratoire bien plus irrégulier est observé. C’est une conséquence particulière et assez spectaculaire de l’enchevêtrement des trajectoires homocliniques. La deuxième partie de la thèse porte sur le problème des vagues dans le cas où le domaine occupé par le fluide est à surface libre et avec un fond plat sur lequel un objet solide se translate horizontalement sous l’effet des forces de pression du fluide. Nous avons étudié deux systèmes asymptotiques qui décrivent le cas d’un fluide parfait incompressible en faible profondeur. Ceux-ci correspondent respectivement aux équations de Saint-Venant et de Boussinesq. Grâce à leur caractère bien-posé en temps long, les modèles traités permettent de prendre en compte certains effets de la mécanique du solide, comme les forces de friction, ainsi que les effets non-hydrostatiques. Notre analyse théorique a été complétée par des études numériques. Nous avons développé un schéma de différences finies d’ordre élevé et nous l’avons adapté à ce problème couplé afin de mettre en évidence les effets d’un solide (dont le mouvement est limité à des translations sur le fond) sur les vagues qui passent au dessus de lui. A la suite de ces travaux, nous avons souligné l’influence des forces de friction sur ce genre de systèmes couplés ainsi que sur le déferlement des vagues. Quant à l’amortissement dû aux effets hydrodynamiques, une vague ressemblance avec le phénomène de l’eau morte est mise en évidence
This PhD thesis concerns the mathematical analysis of the interaction of an inviscid fluid with immersed structures. More precisely it revolves around two main problems: one of them is the asymptotic analysis of an infinitesimal immersed particle, the other one being the interaction of water waves with a submerged solid object. Concerning the first problem, we studied a system of second order non-linear ODEs, serving as a toy model for the motion of a rigid body immersed in a two-dimensional perfect fluid. The unknowns of the model describe the position of the object, that is the position of its center of mass and the angle of rotation; the equations arise from Newton’s second law with the consideration of a Kutta-Joukowski type lift force. It concerns the detailed analysis of the dynamic of this system when the solid inertia tends to 0. For the evolution of the position of the solid’s center of mass, the study highlights similarities with the motion of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field and the wellknown “guiding center approximation”; it turns out that the motion of the corresponding guiding center is given by a point-vortex equation. As for the angular equation, its evolution is given by a slowly-in-time modulated non-linear pendulum equation. Based on the initial values of the system one can distinguish qualitatively different regimes: for small angular velocities, by the Poincaré-Lindstedt method one observes a modulation in the fast time-scale oscillatory terms, for larger angular velocities however erratic rotational motion is observed, a consequence of Melnikov’s observations on the presence of a homoclinic tangle. About the other problem, the Cauchy problem for the water waves equations is considered in a fluid domain which has a free surface on the upper vertical limit and a flat bottom on which a solid object moves horizontally, its motion determined by the pressure forces exerted by the fluid. Two shallow water asymptotic regimes are detailed, well-posedness results are obtained for both the Saint-Venant and the Boussinesq system coupled with Newton’s equation characterizing the solid motion. Using the particular structure of the coupling terms one is able to go beyond the standard scale for the existence time of solutions to the Boussinesq system with a moving bottom. An extended numerical study has also been carried out for the latter system. A high order finite difference scheme is developed, extending the convergence ratio of previous, staggered grid based models. The discretized solid mechanics are adapted to represent important features of the original model, such as the dissipation due to the friction term. We observed qualitative differences for the transformation of a passing wave over a moving solid object as compared to an immobile one. The movement of the solid not only influences wave attenuation but it affects the shoaling process as well as the wave breaking. The importance of the coefficient of friction is also highlighted, influencing qualitative and quantitative properties of the coupled system. Furthermore, we showed the hydrodynamic damping effects of the waves on the solid motion, reminiscent of the so-called dead water phenomenon

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Boilevin-Kayl, Ludovic. "Modeling and numerical simulation of implantable cardiovascular devices". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS039.

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Cette thèse, réalisée dans le cadre du projet Mivana, est consacrée à la modélisation et à la simulation numérique de dispositifs cardiaques implantables. Ce projet est mené par les start-up Kephalios et Epygon, concepteurs de solutions chirurgicales non invasives pour le traitement de la régurgitation mitrale. La conception et la simulation de tels dispositifs nécessitent des méthodes numériques eﬃcaces et précises capables de calculer correctement l’hémodynamique cardiaque. C’est le but principal de cette thèse. Dans la première partie, nous décrivons le système cardiovasculaire et les valves cardiaques avant de présenter quelques éléments de théorie concernant la modélisation mathématique de l’hémodynamique cardiaque. En fonction du degré de complexité adopté pour la modélisation des feuillets de la valve, deux approches sont identiﬁées : le modèle de surfaces résistives immergées et le modèle complet d’interaction ﬂuide-structure. Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions la première approche qui consiste à combiner une modélisation réduite de la dynamique des valves avec un découplage cinématique de l’hémodynamique cardiaque et de l’électromécanique. Nous l’enrichissons de données physiologiques externes pour la simulation correcte des phases isovolumétriques, pierres angulaires du battement cardiaque, permettant d’obtenir un modèle relativement précis qui évite la complexité des problèmes entièrement couplés. Ensuite, une série d’essais numériques sur des géométries 3D physiologiques, impliquant la régurgitation mitrale et plusieurs conﬁgurations de valves immergées, illustre la performance du modèle proposé. Dans la troisième et dernière partie, des modèles complets d’interaction ﬂuide-structure sont considérés. Ce type de modélisation est nécessaire pour étudier des problèmes plus complexes où la précédente approche n’est plus satisfaisante, comme par exemple le prolapsus de la valve mitrale ou la fermeture d’une valve mécanique. D’un point de vue numérique, le développement de méthodes précises et eﬃcaces est indispensable pour pouvoir simuler de tels cas physiologiques. Nous considérons alors une étude numérique complète dans laquelle plusieurs méthodes de maillages non compatibles sont comparées. Puis, nous présentons un nouveau schéma de couplage explicite dans le cadre d’une méthode de type domaine ﬁctif pour lequel la stabilité inconditionnelle au sens de la norme en énergie est démontrée. Plusieurs exemples numériques en 2D sont proposés aﬁn d’illustrer les propriétés et les performances de ce schéma. Enﬁn, cette méthode est ﬁnalement utilisée pour la simulation numérique 2D et 3D de dispositifs cardiovasculaires implantables dans un modèle complet d’interaction ﬂuide-structure
This thesis, taking place in the context of the Mivana project, is devoted to the modeling and to the numerical simulation of implantable cardiovascular devices. This project is led by the start-up companies Kephalios and Epygon, conceptors of minimally invasive surgical solutions for the treatment of mitral regurgitation. The design and the simulation of such devices call for eﬃcient and accurate numerical methods able to correctly compute cardiac hemodynamics. This is the main purpose of this thesis. In the ﬁrst part, we describe the cardiovascular system and the cardiac valves before presenting some standard material for the mathematical modeling of cardiac hemodynamics. Based on the degree of complexity adopted for the modeling of the valve leaﬂets, two approaches are identiﬁed: the resistive immersed surfaces model and the complete ﬂuidstructure interaction model. In the second part, we investigate the ﬁrst approach which consists in combining a reduced modeling of the valves dynamics with a kinematic uncoupling of cardiac hemodynamics and electromechanics. We enhance it with external physiological data for the correct simulation of isovolumetric phases, cornerstones of the heartbeat, resulting in a relatively accurate model which avoids the complexity of fully coupled problems. Then, a series of numerical tests on 3D physiological geometries, involving mitral regurgitation and several conﬁgurations of immersed valves, illustrates the performance of the proposed model. In the third and ﬁnal part, complete ﬂuid-structure interaction models are considered. This type of modeling is necessary when investigating more complex problems where the previous approach is no longer satisfactory, such as mitral valve prolapse or the closing of a mechanical valve. From the numerical point of view, the development of accurate and eﬃcient methods is mandatory to be able to compute such physiological cases. We then consider a complete numerical study in which several unﬁtted meshes methods are compared. Next, we present a new explicit coupling scheme in the context of the ﬁctitious domain method for which the unconditional stability in the energy norm is proved. Several 2D numerical examples are provided to illustrate the properties and the performance of this scheme. Last, this method is ﬁnally used for 2D and 3D numerical simulation of implantable cardiovascular devices in a complete ﬂuid-structure interaction framework

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Yang, Liang. "An immersed computational framework for multiphase fluid-structure interaction". Thesis, Swansea University, 2015. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42413.

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The objective of this thesis is to further extend the application range of immersed computational approaches in the context of hydrodynamics and present a novel general framework for the simulation of fluid-structure interaction problems involving rigid bodies, flexible solids and multiphase flows. The proposed method aims to overcome shortcomings such as the restriction of having to deal with similar density ratios among different phases or the restriction to solve single-phase flows. The new framework will be capable of coping with large density ratios, multiphase flows and will be focussed on hydrodynamic problems. The two main challenges to be addressed are: - the representation, evolution and compatibility of the multiple fluid-solid interface - the proposition of unified framework containing multiphase flows, flexible structures and rigid bodies with possibly large density ratios First, a new variation of the original IBM is presented by rearranging the governing equations which define the behaviour of the multiple physics involved. The formulation is compatibile with the "one-fluid" equation for two phase flows and can deal with large density ratios with the help of an anisotropic Poisson solver. Second, deformable structures and fluid are modelled in a identical manner except for the deviatoric part of the Cauchy stress tensor. The challenging part is the calculation of the deviatoric part the Cauchy stress in the structure, which is expressed as a function of the deformation gradient tensor. The technique followed In this thesis is that original ISP, but re-expressed in terms of the Cauchy stress tensor. Any immersed rigid body is considered as an incompressible non-viscous continuum body with an equivalent internal force field which constrains the velocity field to satisfy the rigid body motion condition. The "rigid body" spatial velocity is evaluated by means of a linear least squares projection of the background fluid velocity, whilst the immersed force field emerges as a result of the linear momentum conversation equation. This formulation is convenient for arbitrary rigid shapes around a fixed point and the most general translation- rotation. A characteristic or indicator function, defined for each interacting continuum phase, evolves passively with the velocity field. Generally, there are two families of algorithms for the description of the interfaces, namely, Eulerian grid based methods (interface tracking). In this thesis, the interface capturing Level Set method is used to capture the fluid-fluid interface, due to its advantages to deal with possible topological changes. In addiction, an interface tracking Lagrangian based meshless technique is used for the fluid-structure interface due to its benefits at the ensuring mass preservation. From the fluid discretisation point of view, the discretisation is based on the standard Marker-and-Cell method in conjunction with a fractional step approach for the pressure/velocity decoupling. The thesis presents a wide range of applications for multiphase flows interacting with a variety of structures (i.e. rigid and deformable) Several numerical examples are presented in order to demonstrate the robustness and applicability of the new methodology.

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11

Cai, Shang-Gui. "Computational fluid-structure interaction with the moving immersed boundary method". Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2276/document.

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Dans cette thèse, une nouvelle méthode de frontières immergées a été développée pour la simulation d'interaction fluide-structure, appelée la méthode de frontières immergées mobiles (en langage anglo-saxon: MIBM). L'objectif principal de cette nouvelle méthode est de déplacer arbitrairement les solides à géométrie complexe dans un fluide visqueux incompressible, sans remailler le domaine fluide. Cette nouvelle méthode a l'avantage d'imposer la condition de non-glissement à l'interface d'une manière exacte via une force sans introduire des constantes artificielles modélisant la structure rigide. Cet avantage conduit également à la satisfaction de la condition CFL avec un pas de temps plus grand. Pour un calcul précis de la force induite par les frontières mobiles, un système linéaire a été introduit et résolu par la méthode de gradient conjugué. La méthode proposée peut être intégrée facilement dans des solveurs résolvant les équations de Navier-Stokes. Dans ce travail la MIBM a été mise en œuvre en couplage avec un solveur fluide utilisant une méthode de projection adaptée pour obtenir des solutions d'ordre deux en temps et en espace. Le champ de pression a été obtenu par l'équation de Poisson qui a été résolue à l'aide de la méthode du gradient conjugué préconditionné par la méthode multi-grille. La combinaison de ces deux méthodes a permis un gain de temps considérable par rapport aux méthodes classiques de la résolution des systèmes linéaires. De plus le code de calcul développé a été parallélisé sur l'unité graphique GPU équipée de la bibliothèque CUDA pour aboutir à des hautes performances de calcul. Enfin, comme application de nos travaux sur la MIBM, nous avons étudié le couplage "fort" d'interaction fluide-structure (IFS). Pour ce type de couplage, un schéma implicite partitionné a été adopté dans lequel les conditions à l'interface sont satisfaites via un schéma de type "point fixe". Pour réduire le temps de calcul inhérent à cette application, un nouveau schéma de couplage a été proposé pour éviter la résolution de l'équation de Poisson durant les itérations du "point fixe". Cette nouvelle façon de résoudre les problèmes IFS a montré des performances prometteuses pour des systèmes en IFS complexe
In this thesis a novel non-body conforming mesh formulation is developed, called the moving immersed boundary method (MIBM), for the numerical simulation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI). The primary goal is to enable solids of complex shape to move arbitrarily in an incompressible viscous fluid, without fitting the solid boundary motion with dynamic meshes. This novel method enforces the no-slip boundary condition exactly at the fluid-solid interface with a boundary force, without introducing any artificial constants to the rigid body formulation. As a result, large time step can be used in current method. To determine the boundary force more efficiently in case of moving boundaries, an additional moving force equation is derived and the resulting system is solved by the conjugate gradient method. The proposed method is highly portable and can be integrated into any fluid solver as a plug-in. In the present thesis, the MIBM is implemented in the fluid solver based on the projection method. In order to obtain results of high accuracy, the rotational incremental pressure correction projection method is adopted, which is free of numerical boundary layer and is second order accurate. To accelerate the calculation of the pressure Poisson equation, the multi-grid method is employed as a preconditioner together with the conjugate gradient method as a solver. The code is further parallelized on the graphics processing unit (GPU) with the CUDA library to enjoy high performance computing. At last, the proposed MIBM is applied to the study of two-way FSI problem. For stability and modularity reasons, a partitioned implicit scheme is selected for this strongly coupled problem. The interface matching of fluid and solid variables is realized through a fixed point iteration. To reduce the computational cost, a novel efficient coupling scheme is proposed by removing the time-consuming pressure Poisson equation from this fixed point interaction. The proposed method has shown a promising performance in modeling complex FSI system

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Madani, Kermani Seyed Hossein. "Application of immersed boundary method to flexible riser problem". Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9605.

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In the recent decades the Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) problem has been of great interest to many researchers and a variety of methods have been proposed for its numerical simulation. As FSI simulation is a multi-discipline and a multi-physics problem, its full simulation consists of many details and sub-procedures. On the other hand, reliable FSI simulations are required in various applications ranging from hemo-dynamics and structural engineering to aero-elasticity. In hemo-dynamics an incompressible fluid is coupled with a flexible structure with similar density (e.g. blood in arteries). In aero-elasticity a compressible fluid interacts with a stiff structure (e.g. aircraft wing) or an incompressible flow is coupled with a very light structure (e.g. Parachute or sail), whereas in some other engineering applications an incompressible flow interacts with a flexible structure with large displacement (e.g. oil risers in offshore industries). Therefore, various FSI models are employed to simulate a variety of different applications. An initial vital step to conduct an accurate FSI simulation is to perform a study of the physics of the problem which would be the main criterion on which the full FSI simulation procedure will then be based. In this thesis, interaction of an incompressible fluid flow at low Reynolds number with a flexible circular cylinder in two dimensions has been studied in detail using some of the latest published methods in the literature. The elements of procedures have been chosen in a way to allow further development to simulate the interaction of an incompressible fluid flow with a flexible oil riser with large displacement in three dimensions in future. To achieve this goal, a partitioned approach has been adopted to enable the use of existing structural codes together with an Immersed Boundary (IB) method which would allow the modelling of large displacements. A direct forcing approach, interpolation / reconstruction, type of IB is used to enforce the moving boundary condition and to create sharp interfaces with the possibility of modelling in three dimensions. This provides an advantage over the IB continuous forcing approach which creates a diffused boundary. And also is considered as a preferred method over the cut cell approach which is very complex in three dimensions with moving boundaries. Different reconstruction methods from the literature have been compared with the newly proposed method. The fluid governing equation is solved only in the fluid domain using a Cartesian grid and an Eulerian approach while the structural analysis was performed using Lagrangian methods. This method avoids the creation of secondary fluid domains inside the solid boundary which occurs in some of the IB methods. In the IB methods forces from the Eulerian flow field are transferred onto the Lagrangian marker points on the solid boundary and the displacement and velocities of the moving boundary are interpolated in the flow domain to enforce no-slip boundary conditions. Various coupling methods from the literature were selected and improved to allow modelling the interface and to transfer the data between fluid and structure. In addition, as an alternative method to simulate FSI for a single object in the fluid flow as suggested in the literature, the moving frame of reference method has been applied for the first time in this thesis to simulate Fluid-Structure interaction using an IB reconstruction approach. The flow around a cylinder in two dimensions was selected as a benchmark to validate the simulation results as there are many experimental and analytical results presented in the literature for this specific case.

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Mawson, Mark. "Interactive fluid-structure interaction with many-core accelerators". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/interactive-fluidstructure-interaction-with-manycore-accelerators(a4fc2068-bac7-4511-960d-41d2560a0ea1).html.

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The use of accelerator technology, particularly Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), for scientific computing has increased greatly over the last decade. While this technology allows larger and more complicated problems to be solved faster than before it also presents another opportunity: the real-time and interactive solution of problems. This work aims to investigate the progress that GPU technology has made towards allowing fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems to be solved in real-time, and to facilitate user interaction with such a solver. A mesoscopic scale fluid flow solver is implemented on third generation nVidia ‘Kepler’ GPUs in two and three dimensions, and its performance studied and compared with existing literature. Following careful optimisation the solvers are found to be at least as efficient as existing work, reaching peak efficiencies of 93% compared with theoretical values. These solvers are then coupled with a novel immersed boundary method, allowing boundaries defined at arbitrary coordinates to interact with the structured fluid domain through a set of singular forces. The limiting factor of the performance of this method is found to be the integration of forces and velocities over the fluid and boundaries; the arbitrary location of boundary markers makes the memory accesses during these integrations largely random, leading to poor utilisation of the available memory bandwidth. In sample cases, the efficiency of the method is found to be as low as 2.7%, although in most scenarios this inefficiency is masked by the fact that the time taken to evolve the fluid flow dominates the overall execution time of the solver. Finally, techniques to visualise the fluid flow in-situ are implemented, and used to allow user interaction with the solvers. Initially this is achieved via keyboard and mouse to control the fluid properties and create boundaries within the fluid, and later by using an image based depth sensor to import real world geometry into the fluid. The work concludes that, for 2D problems, real-time interactive FSI solvers can be implemented on a single laptop-based GPU. In 3D the memory (both size and bandwidth) of the GPU limits the solver to relatively simple cases. Recommendations for future work to allow larger and more complicated test cases to be solved in real-time are then made to complete the work.

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Douteau, Louis. "CFD simulation with anisotropic mesh adaptation : application to floating offshore wind turbines". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0003.

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Le calcul des performances et des efforts appliqués sur une éolienne offshore est actuellement réalisé à l'aide d’outils basés sur des approches quasi-statiques. Ces approches sont intéressantes pour leur vitesse de calcul, elles sont cependant perfectibles suivant la méthode de mise en oeuvre et suivant les cas de chargement étudiés. Une approche alternative consiste à utiliser la modélisation CFD. Cette thèse s’intéresse à des méthodes d’une haute précision, ayant le potentiel de fournir des écoulements et efforts précis. La plateforme logicielle hautement parallélisée ICI-tech est utilisée dans cette thèse. Elle se base sur une résolution des équations de Navier-Stokes dans une approche multi-échelle, effectuée à l’aide d’éléments finis stabilisés. La représentation des phases dans le domaine de calcul est réalisée grâce à une méthode frontières immergées. Des implémentations ont été réalisées dans ICI-tech afin de pouvoir simuler des éoliennes flottantes. L’interaction fluide-structure et un bassin de houle numérique ont notamment été considérés. Un processus de vérification et validation s’est intéressé au comportement du solveur dans des conditions reproduisant celles impactant des éoliennes flottantes. Le niveau de précision atteint par les écoulements à haut Reynolds et la propagation de champs de houle s’est avéré être décevant. L’influence du maillage anisotrope sur les résultats obtenus a été quantifiée. Plusieurs pistes visant à améliorer la précision des simulations ont été introduites
The simulation of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (FOWTs) is a tool to help this technology reach an industrial scale. Nowadays, low-precision numerical methods are used for the dimensioning of the structures, as they involve a reduced computational effort. This PhD thesis focused on the development of highly-accurate numerical methods, with a potential to provide a thin description of the flows and efforts around FOWTs. The simulations presented in this thesis have been realized on the highly-parallelized software platform ICI-tech. A resolution of the Navier- Stokes equations in a Variational MultiScale formulation is performed using Stabilized Finite Elements. The representation of the different phases in the computational domain is achieved using immersed boundary methods. Several numerical tools have been implemented in ICItech towards an application to the simulation of FOWTs. A fluid-structure interaction paradigm has been set up, and a numerical wave tank has been defined. Verification and validation studies have been realized to assess the solver results for environmental conditions representative of those observed for operating FOWT. The accuracy achieved for both the aerodynamics at high Reynolds numbers and the propagation of wave fields has been disappointing. The influence of the anisotropic meshing on the results presented has been quantified. Several options aiming at increasing the accuracy of the simulations have been discussed

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Yin, Y. "Turbulence model and immersed boundary method development in TELEMAC-3D for offshore structure modelling". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3006448/.

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In recent years, increased evidences suggest that offshore structures such as wind farms, tidal turbine farms, piles of bridge and breakwater have great impact on the hydrodynamics and hence may have a strong influence on the sediment transport at a site. The open-source hydrodynamic suite of software TELEMAC has been used for the study of such environmental influence around Unite Kingdom. However, the use of the 3-D version of the software, TELEMAC-3D is restricted by how structures are accounted for in the meshes, as water columns have the same number of layers all over the domain. Moreover, a large scale farm has a large impact on turbulence mixing in the coastal regional scale, and this is not properly understood. The PhD project focuses on 3-D hydrodynamics and development of an 3-D unstructured capability using an immersed boundary method to account for obstacles in the flow. Two large eddy simulation models (the 2eddy LES model and the Wall-adapted Large Eddy model) have been incorporated into TELEMAC-3D to get a more realistic and effective representation of the turbulence mixing and to account for the unsteadiness of the flow past the structures. The simulations have been performed using High Performance Computing to enable large scale applications using TELEMAC-3D and fine spatial and temporal resolutions in 3-D. The implementations carried out in the code are fully parallel. The numerical models have been validated for two laboratory scale cases, including the flow around a circular cylinder and the flow over a submerged structure. Then a far-field simulation at the southern North Sea has been carried out, where the hydrodynamics and morphological impacts of the London Array offshore wind turbine farm have been investigated. The numerical results of turbulence model implementation indicate that both turbulence models have good performance in the representation of the flow past a cylinder in laboratory scale. However in the large scale application, only the 2eddy LES model is successfully applied because the WALE model relies on a very fine mesh in the vertical direction. The implementation of IBM suggested that when dealing with an obstacle going from the bottom though the surface of the water, the immersed boundary method offers good accuracy in the prediction of surrounding flow structures. For the submerged obstacles, they can be simulated by TELEMAC-3D by implementing the Immersed Boundary method. Although the accuracy is limited currently, qualitative analysis can still be performed.

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Lespagnol, Fabien. "A new numerical approach for the fluid-structure interaction of slender bodies immersed in three-dimensional flows". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS158.

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Ce projet de doctorat a pour objectif de développer une nouvelle approche computationnelle pour la simulation de corps élancés immergés dans un écoulement tridimensionnel (3D). Grâce à la configuration géométrique particulière des structures élancées, nous pouvons modéliser ce problème par des équations couplées en dimensions mixtes pour lesquelles les équations d'équilibre du solide sont formulées dans un domaine unidimensionnel (1D). Les principaux avantages de l'approche que nous présentons dans ce manuscrit résident dans sa solide base mathématique. En effet, tandis que de nombreuses formulations mixtes donnent des solutions avec une faible régularité en raison d'opérateurs de trace mal posés, notre méthode réduite génère des solutions dans des espaces de Hilbert classiques. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous établissons la formulation continue du problème couplé 3D d'interaction fluide-structure en considérant les équations de Navier-Stokes incompressibles pour la description de la dynamique du fluide et un modèle de poutre linéaire de Timoshenko pour la modélisation de la réponse de la structure élancée. Ces modèles sont couplés avec une version en dimensions mixtes des conditions d'interface fluide-structure, associant l'approche de domaine fictif (DF) avec la projection des conditions de couplage cinématique sur un espace de Fourier de dimension finie via des multiplicateurs de Lagrange. Nous développons ensuite une formulation discrète basée sur la méthode des éléments finis et un traitement semi-implicite des conditions de couplage Dirichlet-Neumann. Nous établissons la stabilité énergétique du schéma et fournissons des preuves numériques détaillées sur la précision et la robustesse de la formulation discrète. Dans les troisième et quatrième chapitres, nous effectuons une analyse mathématique sur l'erreur d'approximation de notre méthode réduite couplée, en examinant les erreurs de modélisation et d'approximation numériques résultant respectivement de la formulation en dimensions mixtes et de la méthode des éléments finis avec domaine fictif. Nous explorons ces aspects dans deux cadres simplifiés. Nous considérons d'abord un problème de Poisson 2D avec une frontière immergée statique et des conditions aux bords de Dirichlet non homogènes. Nous étendons ensuite cette analyse au problème de Stokes 2D stationnaire avec des conditions aux bords de type solides rigides sur l'interface immergée. Dans les deux cas, après avoir prouvé l'existence de solutions pour le problème réduit, nous prouvons sa convergence, lorsque la taille de l'obstacle tend vers zéro, vers le problème complet avec des conditions aux bords de Dirichlet classiques. Ensuite, nous analysons la discrétisation numérique du problème réduit. En particulier, pour pallier les limites de l'approche domaine fictif, nous proposons et analysons deux méthodes éléments finis alternatives, une méthode stabilisée et une méthode enrichie. Enfin, nous développons une formulation d'interaction fluide-structure 2D où de petites particules sont immergées dans un écoulement de Stokes, en appliquant des conditions de couplage d'interface réduites. Les propriétés du modèle réduit et des méthodes numériques correspondantes sont illustrées par des exemples numériques. L'utilisation d'un schéma semi-implicite pour la résolution du problème d'interaction fluide-structure 3D exige d'itérer de nombreuses fois sur les solveurs fluide et solide, ce qui peut être coûteux en termes de temps de calcul. Par conséquent, dans le dernier chapitre, nous introduisons un schéma faiblement couplé qui repose sur des conditions d'interface de Robin spécifiquement conçu pour une formulation 3D en dimensions mixtes et prouvons sa stabilité inconditionnelle. Nous fournissons également des preuves numériques de la précision du schéma explicite par plusieurs cas test
This PhD dissertation aims to develop a new modeling and computational approach for the simulation of slender bodies immersed in three dimensional flows (3D). Thanks to the special geometric configuration of the slender structures, we can model this problem by mixed-dimensional coupled equations in which the solid balance equations are formulated in a one-dimensional (1D) domain. The main advantages of the approach we present in this manuscript lies in its strong mathematical basis. Indeed, while many standard mixed-dimensional formulations yield solutions with poor regularity due to ill-posed trace operators, our reduced order method generates solutions within standard Hilbert spaces. In the second chapter, we establish the continuous formulation of the 3D fluid-structure interaction coupled problem using incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the description of the fluid dynamics and a linear Timoshenko beam model for modeling the response of the slender structure. These two models are coupled with a mixed-dimensional version of fluid-structure interface conditions, combining the fictitious domain (FD) approach with the projection of kinematic coupling conditions onto a finite-dimensional Fourier space via Lagrange multipliers. We then develop a discrete formulation based on the finite element method and a semi-implicit treatment of the Dirichlet-Neumann coupling conditions. We establish the energy stability of the scheme and provide extensive numerical evidence of the accuracy and robustness of the discrete formulation.In the third and fourth chapter we conduct a mathematical analysis on the approximation error of our reduced order coupled method, examining both the modeling and numerical approximation errors resulting from the mixed-dimensional formulation and the fictitious domain finite element method, respectively. We explore these aspects in two simplified frameworks. We first consider a two-dimensional Poisson problem (2D) with a fixed immersed boundary and non-homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. We then extend this analysis to the 2D stationary Stokes problem with rigid-body Dirichlet boundary conditions on the immersed interface. In both cases, after proving the existence of solutions for the reduced order problem, we prove its convergence, when the size of the obstacle is small, to the full order problem with standard Dirichlet boundary conditions. Subsequently, the numerical discretization of the reduced order problem is analyzed. In particular, to address the limitations of the fictitious domain approach, we propose and analyze two modified finite element method, one stabilized and one augmented. Finally, we develop a 2D fluid-structure interaction formulation where small particles are immersed in a Stokesian flow, applying reduced order interface coupling conditions. The properties of the reduced order model and the corresponding numerical methods are illustrated by some numerical experiments.Using a semi-implicit scheme for the resolution of the 3D fluid-structure interaction problem requires to iterate over the fluid and solid solvers multiple times, which can be computationally expensive. Subsequently, in the last chapter, we introduce a Robin-based loosely coupled scheme specifically designed for 3D mixed-dimensional formulation and prove its unconditional stability. We also provide numerical evidence of the accuracy of the explicit scheme through several test cases

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Ni, Mong-Tang. "Analysis of fluid structure interaction problem using immersed boundary method with a finite element approach /". May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Tschisgale, Silvio. "A numerical method for fluid-structure interactions of slender rods in turbulent flow". TUDpress - Thelem Universitätsverlag, 2018. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A38706.

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This thesis presents a numerical method for the simulation of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems on high-performance computers. The proposed method is specifically tailored to interactions between Newtonian fluids and a large number of slender viscoelastic structures, the latter being modeled as Cosserat rods. From a numerical point of view, such kind of FSI requires special techniques to reach numerical stability. When using a partitioned fluid-structure coupling approach this is usually achieved by an iterative procedure, which drastically increases the computational effort. In the present work, an alternative coupling approach is developed based on an immersed boundary method (IBM). It is unconditionally stable and exempt from any global iteration between the fluid part and the structure part. The proposed FSI solver is employed to simulate the flow over a dense layer of vegetation elements, usually designated as canopy flow. The abstracted canopy model used in the simulation consists of 800 strip-shaped blades, which is the largest canopy-resolving simulation of this type done so far. To gain a deeper understanding of the physics of aquatic canopy flows the simulation data obtained are analyzed, e.g., concerning the existence and shape of coherent structures.

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Gao, Haotian. "POD-Galerkin based ROM for fluid flow with moving boundaries and the model adaptation in parametric space". Diss., Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38776.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Mingjun Wei
In this study, a global Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)-Galerkin based Reduced Order model (ROM) is proposed. It is extended from usual fixed-domain problems to more general fluid-solid systems with moving boundaries/interfaces. The idea of the extension is similar to the immersed boundary method in numerical simulations which uses embedded forcing terms to represent boundary motions and domain changes. This immersed boundary method allows a globally defined fixed domain including both fluid and solid, where POD-Galerkin projection can be directly applied. However, such a modified approach cannot get away with the unsteadiness of boundary terms which appear as time-dependent coefficients in the new Galerkin model. These coefficients need to be pre-computed for prescribed periodic motion, or worse, to be computed at each time step for non-prescribed (e.g. with fluid-structure interaction) or non-periodic situations. Though computational time for each unsteady coefficient is smaller than the coefficients in a typical Galerkin model, because the associated integration is only in the close neighborhood of moving boundaries. The time cost is still much higher than a typical Galerkin model with constant coefficients. This extra expense for moving-boundary treatment eventually undermines the value of using ROMs. An aggressive approach is to decompose the moving boundary/domain to orthogonal modes and derive another low-order model with fixed coefficients for boundary motion. With this domain decomposition, an approach including two coupled low-order models both with fixed coefficients is proposed. Therefore, the new global ROM with decomposed approach is more efficient. Though the model with the domain decomposition is less accurate at the boundary, it is a fair trade-off for the benefit on saving computational cost. The study further shows, however, that the most time-consuming integration in both approaches, which come from the unsteady motion, has almost negligible impact on the overall dynamics. Dropping these time-consuming terms reduces the computation cost by at least one order while having no obvious effect on model accuracy. Based on this global POD-Galerkin based ROM with forcing term, an improved ROM which can handle the parametric variation of body motions in a certain range is also presented. This study shows that these forcing terms not only represent the moving of the boundary, but also decouple the moving parameters from the computation of model coefficients. The decoupling of control parameters provides the convenience to adapt the model for the prediction on states under variation of control parameters. An improved ROM including a shit mode seems promising in model adaptation for typical problems in a fixed domain. However, the benefit from adding a shit mode to model diminishes when the method is applied to moving-boundary problems. Instead, a combined model, which integrates data from a different set of parameters to generate the POD modes, provides a stable and accurate ROM in a certain range of parametric space for moving-boundary problems. By introducing more data from a different set of parameters, the error of the new model can be further reduced. This shows that the combined model can be trained by introducing more and more information. With the idea of the combined model, the improved global ROM with forcing terms shows impressive capability to predict problems with different unknown moving parameters, and can be used in future parametric control and optimization problems.

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Lahjomri, Jawad. "Caractérisation de la structure des sillages M. H. D. Amont et aval d'un cylindre à petit nombre de Reynolds magnétique". Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10046.

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Etude theorique et experimentale. Mesures locales des fluctuations de vitesse avec des sondes a film chaud et du champ magnetique induit avec des magnetodiodes. Analyse du sillage aval en detectant la perturbation magnetique associee a l'allee de von karman

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21

Marco, Alacid Onofre. "Structural Shape Optimization Based On The Use Of Cartesian Grids". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/86195.

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As ever more challenging designs are required in present-day industries, the traditional trial-and-error procedure frequently used for designing mechanical parts slows down the design process and yields suboptimal designs, so that new approaches are needed to obtain a competitive advantage. With the ascent of the Finite Element Method (FEM) in the engineering community in the 1970s, structural shape optimization arose as a promising area of application. However, due to the iterative nature of shape optimization processes, the handling of large quantities of numerical models along with the approximated character of numerical methods may even dissuade the use of these techniques (or fail to exploit their full potential) because the development time of new products is becoming ever shorter. This Thesis is concerned with the formulation of a 3D methodology based on the Cartesian-grid Finite Element Method (cgFEM) as a tool for efficient and robust numerical analysis. This methodology belongs to the category of embedded (or fictitious) domain discretization techniques in which the key concept is to extend the structural analysis problem to an easy-to-mesh approximation domain that encloses the physical domain boundary. The use of Cartesian grids provides a natural platform for structural shape optimization because the numerical domain is separated from a physical model, which can easily be changed during the optimization procedure without altering the background discretization. Another advantage is the fact that mesh generation becomes a trivial task since the discretization of the numerical domain and its manipulation, in combination with an efficient hierarchical data structure, can be exploited to save computational effort. However, these advantages are challenged by several numerical issues. Basically, the computational effort has moved from the use of expensive meshing algorithms towards the use of, for example, elaborate numerical integration schemes designed to capture the mismatch between the geometrical domain boundary and the embedding finite element mesh. To do this we used a stabilized formulation to impose boundary conditions and developed novel techniques to be able to capture the exact boundary representation of the models. To complete the implementation of a structural shape optimization method an adjunct formulation is used for the differentiation of the design sensitivities required for gradient-based algorithms. The derivatives are not only the variables required for the process, but also compose a powerful tool for projecting information between different designs, or even projecting the information to create h-adapted meshes without going through a full h-adaptive refinement process. The proposed improvements are reflected in the numerical examples included in this Thesis. These analyses clearly show the improved behavior of the cgFEM technology as regards numerical accuracy and computational efficiency, and consequently the suitability of the cgFEM approach for shape optimization or contact problems.
La competitividad en la industria actual impone la necesidad de generar nuevos y mejores diseños. El tradicional procedimiento de prueba y error, usado a menudo para el diseño de componentes mecánicos, ralentiza el proceso de diseño y produce diseños subóptimos, por lo que se necesitan nuevos enfoques para obtener una ventaja competitiva. Con el desarrollo del Método de los Elementos Finitos (MEF) en el campo de la ingeniería en la década de 1970, la optimización de forma estructural surgió como un área de aplicación prometedora. El entorno industrial cada vez más exigente implica ciclos cada vez más cortos de desarrollo de nuevos productos. Por tanto, la naturaleza iterativa de los procesos de optimización de forma, que supone el análisis de gran cantidad de geometrías (para las se han de usar modelos numéricos de gran tamaño a fin de limitar el efecto de los errores intrínsecamente asociados a las técnicas numéricas), puede incluso disuadir del uso de estas técnicas. Esta Tesis se centra en la formulación de una metodología 3D basada en el Cartesian-grid Finite Element Method (cgFEM) como herramienta para un análisis numérico eficiente y robusto. Esta metodología pertenece a la categoría de técnicas de discretización Immersed Boundary donde el concepto clave es extender el problema de análisis estructural a un dominio de aproximación, que contiene la frontera del dominio físico, cuya discretización (mallado) resulte sencilla. El uso de mallados cartesianos proporciona una plataforma natural para la optimización de forma estructural porque el dominio numérico está separado del modelo físico, que podrá cambiar libremente durante el procedimiento de optimización sin alterar la discretización subyacente. Otro argumento positivo reside en el hecho de que la generación de malla se convierte en una tarea trivial. La discretización del dominio numérico y su manipulación, en coalición con la eficiencia de una estructura jerárquica de datos, pueden ser explotados para ahorrar coste computacional. Sin embargo, estas ventajas pueden ser cuestionadas por varios problemas numéricos. Básicamente, el esfuerzo computacional se ha desplazado. Del uso de costosos algoritmos de mallado nos movemos hacia el uso de, por ejemplo, esquemas de integración numérica elaborados para poder capturar la discrepancia entre la frontera del dominio geométrico y la malla de elementos finitos que lo embebe. Para ello, utilizamos, por un lado, una formulación de estabilización para imponer condiciones de contorno y, por otro lado, hemos desarrollado nuevas técnicas para poder captar la representación exacta de los modelos geométricos. Para completar la implementación de un método de optimización de forma estructural se usa una formulación adjunta para derivar las sensibilidades de diseño requeridas por los algoritmos basados en gradiente. Las derivadas no son sólo variables requeridas para el proceso, sino una poderosa herramienta para poder proyectar información entre diferentes diseños o, incluso, proyectar la información para crear mallas h-adaptadas sin pasar por un proceso completo de refinamiento h-adaptativo. Las mejoras propuestas se reflejan en los ejemplos numéricos presentados en esta Tesis. Estos análisis muestran claramente el comportamiento superior de la tecnología cgFEM en cuanto a precisión numérica y eficiencia computacional. En consecuencia, el enfoque cgFEM se postula como una herramienta adecuada para la optimización de forma.
Actualment, amb la competència existent en la industria, s'imposa la necessitat de generar nous i millors dissenys . El tradicional procediment de prova i error, que amb freqüència es fa servir pel disseny de components mecànics, endarrereix el procés de disseny i produeix dissenys subòptims, pel que es necessiten nous enfocaments per obtindre avantatge competitiu. Amb el desenvolupament del Mètode dels Elements Finits (MEF) en el camp de l'enginyeria en la dècada de 1970, l'optimització de forma estructural va sorgir com un àrea d'aplicació prometedora. No obstant això, a causa de la natura iterativa dels processos d'optimització de forma, la manipulació dels models numèrics en grans quantitats, junt amb l'error de discretització dels mètodes numèrics, pot fins i tot dissuadir de l'ús d'aquestes tècniques (o d'explotar tot el seu potencial), perquè al mateix temps els cicles de desenvolupament de nous productes s'estan acurtant. Esta Tesi se centra en la formulació d'una metodologia 3D basada en el Cartesian-grid Finite Element Method (cgFEM) com a ferramenta per una anàlisi numèrica eficient i sòlida. Esta metodologia pertany a la categoria de tècniques de discretització Immersed Boundary on el concepte clau és expandir el problema d'anàlisi estructural a un domini d'aproximació fàcil de mallar que conté la frontera del domini físic. L'utilització de mallats cartesians proporciona una plataforma natural per l'optimització de forma estructural perquè el domini numèric està separat del model físic, que podria canviar lliurement durant el procediment d'optimització sense alterar la discretització subjacent. A més, un altre argument positiu el trobem en què la generació de malla es converteix en una tasca trivial, ja que la discretització del domini numèric i la seua manipulació, en coalició amb l'eficiència d'una estructura jeràrquica de dades, poden ser explotats per estalviar cost computacional. Tot i això, estos avantatges poden ser qüestionats per diversos problemes numèrics. Bàsicament, l'esforç computacional s'ha desplaçat. De l'ús de costosos algoritmes de mallat ens movem cap a l'ús de, per exemple, esquemes d'integració numèrica elaborats per poder capturar la discrepància entre la frontera del domini geomètric i la malla d'elements finits que ho embeu. Per això, fem ús, d'una banda, d'una formulació d'estabilització per imposar condicions de contorn i, d'un altra, desevolupem noves tècniques per poder captar la representació exacta dels models geomètrics Per completar la implementació d'un mètode d'optimització de forma estructural es fa ús d'una formulació adjunta per derivar les sensibilitats de disseny requerides pels algoritmes basats en gradient. Les derivades no són únicament variables requerides pel procés, sinó una poderosa ferramenta per poder projectar informació entre diferents dissenys o, fins i tot, projectar la informació per crear malles h-adaptades sense passar per un procés complet de refinament h-adaptatiu. Les millores proposades s'evidencien en els exemples numèrics presentats en esta Tesi. Estes anàlisis mostren clarament el comportament superior de la tecnologia cgFEM en tant a precisió numèrica i eficiència computacional. Així, l'enfocament cgFEM es postula com una ferramenta adient per l'optimització de forma.
Marco Alacid, O. (2017). Structural Shape Optimization Based On The Use Of Cartesian Grids [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/86195
TESIS

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Taymans, Claire. "Solving Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations on Octree grids : towards Application to Wind Turbine Blade Modelling". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0157/document.

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Le sujet de la thèse est le développement d'un outil numérique qui permet de modéliser l'écoulement autour des pales d'éoliennes. Nous nous sommes intéressés à la résolution des équations de Navier-Stokes en incompressible sur des maillages de type octree où les échelles plus petites en proche parois ont été modélisées par la méthode dite des wall functions. Un procédé d'adaptation automatique du maillage (AMR) a été développé pour affiner le maillage dans les zones où la vorticité est plus importante. Le modèle de structure d'une pale d'éolienne a été également implémenté et couplé avec le modèle fluide car une application de l'outil numérique est l'étude des effets des rafales de vent sur les pales d'éolienne. Un travail expérimental a été mené sur une éolienne avec une mesure de vent en amont. Ces données permettent ainsi de calibrer et valider les modèles numériques développés dans la thèse
The subject of the thesis is the development of a numerical tool that allows to model the flow around wind blades. We are interested in the solving of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on octree grids, where the smallest scales close to the wall have been modelled by the use of the so-called Wall Functions. An automatic Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) process has been developed in order to refine the mesh in the areas where the vorticity is higher. The structural model of a real wind blade has also been implemented and coupled with the fluid model. Indeed, an application of the numerical tool is the study of the effects of wind gusts on blades. An experimental work has been conducted with an in-service wind turbine with the measurement of wind speed upstream. This data will allow to calibrate and validate the numerical models developed in the thesis

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Benguigui, William. "Modélisation de la réponse dynamique d’une paroi solide mise en vibration par un écoulement fluide diphasique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLY014/document.

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Les tubes des générateurs de vapeur des centrales nucléaires vibrent sous l'effet d'écoulement eau/vapeur. Pour appréhender ce phénomène et le comprendre, des expériences à échelles réduites sont réalisées. La simulation numérique a montré son habilité à reproduire l'interaction fluide-structure sur ce type de géométrie pour des écoulements monophasiques. L'objectif est désormais de faire de même en écoulement diphasique et de caractériser les propriétés physiques du mélange liquide/gaz influant sur la vibration.Pour se faire, un code CFD avec une approche bi-fluide est utilisé. Une méthode dite de "Discrete forcing" est implémentée pour permettre le mouvement imposé de corps solides au sein d'un écoulement à plusieurs phases. Celle-ci est alros validée sur des cas simples et intégraux avec une comparaison systématique à des résultats expérimentaux ou théoriques.En se basant sur un algorithme implicite existant dans la littérature, un couplage fluide-structure utilisant cette méthode de suivi d'interface est implémenté. Validé sur des cas monophasiques et diphasiques, ce couplage offre désormais la possibilité de déplacer un solide en fonction des forces fluides diphasiques qui lui sont appliquées.Les différentes méthodes numériques présentes dans NEPTUNE_CFD sont ensuite évaluées pour un écoulement fréon/fréon au travers d'un faisceau de tubes inclinés. La nécessité d'utiliser des modèles dit "multi-régime" est mis en avant.Afin de déterminer l'influence sur l'écoulement des différentes propriétés physiques d'un mélange diphasique, plusieurs cas simples sont réalisés.Finalement, l'application industrielle cible, un écoulement eau/fréon dans un faisceau de tubes à pas carré, est simulée et comparée à un écoulement en conditions réelles (eau/vapeur à 70 bar). Les vibrations induites par écoulement monophasique puis diphasique sont correctement reproduites sur des cas dit de "faisabilité"
In nuclear power plants, steam generator tubes vibrate because of steam/water cross-flows. In order to understant this phenomenon, reduced-scale experiments are performed. Numerical simulations have shown their ability to accurately reproduce the vibration induced by a single phase flow in a tube bundle. The aim of the present work is to do the same with two-phase flow and to characterize the effect of the mixture physical properties on vibration.To do so, a CFD code based on a two-fluid approach is used. A "discrete forcing" method is implemented in order to allow solid body motion in a two-phase flow. The validation is performed with simple and industrial cases using experimental and theoretical results.Using an existing implicit algorithm, a fluid-structure coupling based on the developed interface tracking method is implemented. Validated for single and two-phase flows, it is now possible to have solid motion induced by fluid forces.The different numerical models dedicated to two-phase flows are then evaluated on a freon/freon flow across an inclined tube bundle. The use of a multi-regime model is required. In order to investigate the role of the different physical properties on the vibration, three simple studies are performed.Finally, the industrial application, a freon/water flow across a square pitch tube bundle, is performed. First, it is compared to a steam/water flow in order to characterize the discrepancies when we are using a modeling mixture. Then, the vibration induced by single- and two-phase flows is reproduced by the developed method on feasibility test cases

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Constant, Eddy. "Développement d’un solveur de frontières immergées dans OpenFOAM : vers le contrôle des vibrations induites par vortex dans le sillage d’un cylindre". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0637/document.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le contexte de la simulation et du contrôle des vibrations de structures montées sur ressort qui peuvent apparaître sous l’effet de l’interaction avec l’écoulement de sillage instationnaire. Le contrôle de ce phénomène, appelé vibrations induites par vortex (VIV), est un enjeu critique dans l’optimisation de nombreux systèmes. Une méthode de frontières immergées (IBM) a été intégrée dans l’algorithme PISO du code OpenFOAM, dédié à la simulation d’écoulements fluides incompressibles. La méthode IBM permet une représentation précise de corps fixes ou en mouvement, tout en conservant des maillages structurés conduisant à des algorithmes plus précis et efficaces en termes de performances numériques. Pour calculer la divergence de l’équation de quantité de mouvement dans une boucle PISO et l’interpolation des flux, un calcul hybride orignal a été proposé avec une résolution analytique utilisant l’équation de la fonction noyau des quantités impliquant le terme force de l’IBM (quantités singulières). La méthode a été étendu au formalisme d’écoulements en régimes turbulents. Une loi de paroi a été intégrée permettant de modéliser la couche limite à grand nombre de Reynolds. Le travail de validation a été réalisé au regard des données expérimentales et numériques disponibles dans la littérature pour l’étude d’écoulements autour de cylindres et de sphères, sur une large gamme de nombres de Reynolds. Avec l’objectif de développer des lois de contrôle optimal pour le VIV, basées sur les mécanismes d’instabilité linéaire du système couplé dans le cadre de la théorie du contrôle, un solveur adjoint a été développé et validé
This thesis is related to the simulation and the control of the vortex induced vibrations phenomenon (VIV), which can result from the fluid structure interactions between an unsteady wake and the body, when the shedding frequency in the wake is close to the natural frequency of the body. The control of VIV is a critical issue when optimizing many systems. An Immersed Boundaries Method (IBM) was implemented into the PISO algorithm as a new library of OpenFOAM, in order to perform reliable simulations of incompressible flows around bluff bodies.To compute the divergence of the momentum equation and the interpolation of the fluxes, an hybrid calculation with an analytical resolution of the quantities involving the force term (singular quantities) has been proposed. The mesh convergence of several errors was shown by means of a manufactured solution, allowing to analyze both the errors irelated to the discretization and to the IBM. The new algorithm was subsequently extended to the RANS and DDES formalism proposed in OpenFOAM for the simulation of turbulent flows. A wall law was integrated into theIBM method to model the boundary layers that develop around the bodies at large Reynolds numbers. Various 2D and 3D well-documented test cases of academic flows around fixed or moving solid bodies (cylinderand sphere) have been simulated and carefully validated against existing data from the literature in a large range of Reynolds numbers. With the objective of developing optimal control laws for VIV, based on the linear instability mechanisms of the coupled system within the framework of the control theory, a new adjoint solver was also developed and validated in OpenFOAM

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Nadal, Soriano Enrique. "Cartesian grid FEM (cgFEM): High performance h-adaptive FE analysis with efficient error control. Application to structural shape optimization". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/35620.

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More and more challenging designs are required everyday in today¿s industries. The traditional trial and error procedure commonly used for mechanical parts design is not valid any more since it slows down the design process and yields suboptimal designs. For structural components, one alternative consists in using shape optimization processes which provide optimal solutions. However, these techniques require a high computational effort and require extremely efficient and robust Finite Element (FE) programs. FE software companies are aware that their current commercial products must improve in this sense and devote considerable resources to improve their codes. In this work we propose to use the Cartesian Grid Finite Element Method, cgFEM as a tool for efficient and robust numerical analysis. The cgFEM methodology developed in this thesis uses the synergy of a variety of techniques to achieve this purpose, but the two main ingredients are the use of Cartesian FE grids independent of the geometry of the component to be analyzed and an efficient hierarchical data structure. These two features provide to the cgFEM technology the necessary requirements to increase the efficiency of the cgFEM code with respect to commercial FE codes. As indicated in [1, 2], in order to guarantee the convergence of a structural shape optimization process we need to control the error of each geometry analyzed. In this sense the cgFEM code also incorporates the appropriate error estimators. These error estimators are specifically adapted to the cgFEM framework to further increase its efficiency. This work introduces a solution recovery technique, denoted as SPR-CD, that in combination with the Zienkiewicz and Zhu error estimator [3] provides very accurate error measures of the FE solution. Additionally, we have also developed error estimators and numerical bounds in Quantities of Interest based on the SPR-CD technique to allow for an efficient control of the quality of the numerical solution. Regarding error estimation, we also present three new upper error bounding techniques for the error in energy norm of the FE solution, based on recovery processes. Furthermore, this work also presents an error estimation procedure to control the quality of the recovered solution in stresses provided by the SPR-CD technique. Since the recovered stress field is commonly more accurate and has a higher convergence rate than the FE solution, we propose to substitute the raw FE solution by the recovered solution to decrease the computational cost of the numerical analysis. All these improvements are reflected by the numerical examples of structural shape optimization problems presented in this thesis. These numerical analysis clearly show the improved behavior of the cgFEM technology over the classical FE implementations commonly used in industry.
Cada d'¿a dise¿nos m'as complejos son requeridos por las industrias actuales. Para el dise¿no de nuevos componentes, los procesos tradicionales de prueba y error usados com'unmente ya no son v'alidos ya que ralentizan el proceso y dan lugar a dise¿nos sub-'optimos. Para componentes estructurales, una alternativa consiste en usar procesos de optimizaci'on de forma estructural los cuales dan como resultado dise¿nos 'optimos. Sin embargo, estas t'ecnicas requieren un alto coste computacional y tambi'en programas de Elementos Finitos (EF) extremadamente eficientes y robustos. Las compa¿n'¿as de programas de EF son conocedoras de que sus programas comerciales necesitan ser mejorados en este sentido y destinan importantes cantidades de recursos para mejorar sus c'odigos. En este trabajo proponemos usar el M'etodo de Elementos Finitos basado en mallados Cartesianos (cgFEM) como una herramienta eficiente y robusta para el an'alisis num'erico. La metodolog'¿a cgFEM desarrollada en esta tesis usa la sinergia entre varias t'ecnicas para lograr este prop'osito, cuyos dos ingredientes principales son el uso de los mallados Cartesianos de EF independientes de la geometr'¿a del componente que va a ser analizado y una eficiente estructura jer'arquica de datos. Estas dos caracter'¿sticas confieren a la tecnolog'¿a cgFEM de los requisitos necesarios para aumentar la eficiencia del c'odigo cgFEM con respecto a c'odigos comerciales. Como se indica en [1, 2], para garantizar la convergencia del proceso de optimizaci'on de forma estructural se necesita controlar el error en cada geometr'¿a analizada. En este sentido el c'odigo cgFEM tambi'en incorpora los apropiados estimadores de error. Estos estimadores de error han sido espec'¿ficamente adaptados al entorno cgFEM para aumentar su eficiencia. En esta tesis se introduce un proceso de recuperaci'on de la soluci'on, llamado SPR-CD, que en combinaci'on con el estimador de error de Zienkiewicz y Zhu [3], da como resultado medidas muy precisas del error de la soluci'on de EF. Adicionalmente, tambi'en se han desarrollado estimadores de error y cotas num'ericas en Magnitudes de Inter'es basadas en la t'ecnica SPR-CD para permitir un eficiente control de la calidad de la soluci'on num'erica. Respecto a la estimaci'on de error, tambi'en se presenta un proceso de estimaci'on de error para controlar la calidad del campo de tensiones recuperado obtenido mediante la t'ecnica SPR-CD. Ya que el campo recuperado es por lo general m'as preciso y tiene un mayor orden de convergencia que la soluci'on de EF, se propone sustituir la soluci'on de EF por la soluci'on recuperada para disminuir as'¿ el coste computacional del an'alisis num'erico. Todas estas mejoras se han reflejado en esta tesis mediante ejemplos num'ericos de problemas de optimizaci'on de forma estructural. Los resultados num'ericos muestran claramente un mejor comportamiento de la tecnolog'¿a cgFEM con respecto a implementaciones cl'asicas de EF com'unmente usadas en la industria.
Nadal Soriano, E. (2014). Cartesian grid FEM (cgFEM): High performance h-adaptive FE analysis with efficient error control. Application to structural shape optimization [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/35620
TESIS

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Mohaghegh, Fazlolah. "A parallelized diffuse interface solver with applications to meso scale simulation of suspensions". Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5971.

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The ultimate goal of this research is to develop the capability of direct numerical simulation of a flow containing numerous rigid finite size particles. In order to reach this goal, we have implemented the smoothed profile method (SPM) in the University of Iowa in-house solver, pELAFINT3D and overcame several challenges related to the method. This includes a proposed formulation for the interface thickness and many validations and comparisons with experimental data as well as with a second-order accurate sharp interface method. As one of the issues related to low-density particles is the instability, SPM has been improved by developing to a fully implicit scheme. Moreover, use of higher order integration formulation and implementation of Euler parameters have been shown to be helpful in stabilization of the calculations. To preserve the efficiency when the number of the particles increases, local mesh refinement is shown to be a very effective tool. A revised version of SPM that has only one projection step is proposed to improve the efficiency of the method. A comprehensive efficiency study is performed and it has been shown that the new method is less expensive in problems with high added mass effect when strongly coupled fluid-structure interaction schemes are used. Moreover, the code is massively parallelized using MPI and PETSc libraries. The parallelization includes I/O, operations leading to construction of the linear solver as well as the solver itself. Simulation of a particle laden flow involves particles collisions. Two novel collision models are suggested which are able to avoid particle overlapping for arbitrary shape particles. The methods are efficient as they are not involved with extra grid refinement related to implementing lubrication forces. The issue of handling continuously changing number of particles in a particle laden flow is solved by implementation of a linked list data structure for the particles. By studying a flow over a constricted region we showed that the platelets’ activation is more likely to happen for the particles that pass from the middle of the upper bump region because those particles will have longer exposure time to the high shear flow behind the bump. PDF contour of particles’ presence show the more concentrated presence of the particles near the bump. Moreover, the interaction of RBCs and platelets pushes the platelets toward the wall after the bottom wall.

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Hellou, Mustapha. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de l'écoulement à structure cellulaire engendré par la rotation d'un cylindre dans un canal". Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2267.

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Etude du decollement de l'ecoulement et de la formation de cellules. Structure et caracteristiques geometriques de ces cellules. Analyse du champ hydrodynamique. Calcul numerique base sur l'ecriture des conditions des conditions aux limites par la methode des moindres carres. Mise au point d'une technique de visualisation par intermittence pendant de longues durees, utilisant les traceurs solides

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Valdez, Andrés Ricardo. "On lattice Boltzmann method for solving fluid-structure interaction problems". Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6104.

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Neste trabalho são apresentados aspectos de modelagem computacional para o estudo de Interação Fluido-Estrutura (FSI). Numericamente, o Método de Lattice Boltzmann (LBM) é usado para resolver a mecânica dos fluidos, em particular as equações de Navier-Stokes incompressíveis. Neste contexto, são abordados problemas de escoamentos complexos, caracterizado pela presença de obstáculos. A imposição das restrições na interface fluido-sólido é feita utilizando princípios variacionais, empregando o Princípio de Balanço de Potências Virtuais (PVPB) para obter as equações de Euler-Lagrange. Esta metodologia permite determinar as dependências entre carregamentos cinematicamente compatíveis e o estado mecânico adotado. Neste sentido, as condições de interface fluido-sólido são abordadas pelo Método de Fronteira Imersa (IBM) visando técnicas computacionais de baixo custo. A metodologia IBM trata o equilíbrio das equações na interface fluido-sólido através da interpolação entre os nós Lagrangianos (sólidos) e os nós Eulerianos (fluidos). Neste contexto, uma modificação desta estratégia que fornece soluções mais precisas é estudada. Para mostrar as capacidades do acoplamento LBM-IBM são apresentados vários experimentos computacionais que demonstram grande fidelidade entre as soluções obtidas e as soluções disponíveis na literatura.
This work presents computational modeling aspects for studying Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI). The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is employed to solve the fluid mechanics considering the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The flows studied are complex due to the presence of arbitrary shaped obstacles. The obstacles alters the bulk flow adding complexity to the analysis. In this work the Euler-Lagrange equations are obtained employing the Principle of Virtual Power Balance (PVPB). Consequently, the functional dependencies between the mechanical state and every kinematic compatible loadings are established employing variational arguments. This modeling technique allows to study the fluid-solid boundary constraint. In this context the fluid-solid interface is handled employing the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM). The IBM deals with the fluid-solid interface equilibrium equations performing an interpolation of forces between Lagrangian nodes (solid domain) and Eulerian Lattice grid (fluid domain). In this work a different version of this methodology is studied that allows to obtain more accurate solutions. To show the capabilities of the implemented LBM-IBM solver several experiments are done showing the agreement with the benchmarks results available in literature.

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Mege, Romain. "Solutions analytiques en dynamique non-linéaire avec couplage fluide-structure". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1126/document.

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Avec la hausse des niveaux de dimensionnement sismique il est devenu nécessaire de limiter les chargements internes dans les structures, notamment en utilisant des dispositifs glissants. Ces dispositifs plafonnent les efforts internes en déclenchant un glissement de la structure. Il devient cependant nécessaire d'estimer l'amplitude des déplacements de corps rigide, notamment pour les structures stockées dans des réservoirs. Dans ce cas, il est nécessaire de prévenir les impacts entre la structure glissante et les bords du réservoir pour contrôler les risques de fuite. Parmi les structures glissantes immergées, on citera les ponts, les structures côtières en maçonnerie, les râteliers de stockage de combustible nucléaire, etc...Les équations de dynamique associées au comportement de ces structures sont non-linéaires et nécessitent l'utilisation de simulations numériques coûteuses en temps de calcul et ne permettant pas de faire des études de sensibilité rapides. On propose donc une méthode de résolution quasi-analytique de ces équations en traitant dans un premier temps, l'évaluation analytique des matrices de masses ajoutées du couplage fluide-structure, dans un second temps, une méthode de résolution quasi-analytique du glissement d'une structure quelconque immergée dans un fluide avec une actualisation de la géométrie de lames d'eau. Les résultats obtenus présentent une bonne adéquation avec des simulations numériques et offrent un temps de calcul quasiment instantané compatible avec une étude paramétrique ou stochastique de ces structures
As the seismic loadings are increasing in accordance to the recent regulations regarding Earthquake design, the use of sliding devices in structures is becoming more common. These devices limitate the internal forces by creating a rigid body sliding. It is then necessary to estimate the global displacement of the structure, especially concerning structures that are immersed in a reservoir. In this case, the displacement must be well estimated in order to prevent impacts between the sliding structure and the boundaries of the reservoir. We can find such structures in : bridges, costal structures in brick and masonry, or in the nuclear industry with the underwater fuel storage racks, ...The governing equations for the behaviour of these structures are non linear and must be solved using time-consuming computer simulations which are not fit for a stochastic study. Our method consists in, firstly, evaluating analytically the added masses of the fluid-structure interaction, secondly, a semi-analytical solving of the governing equations including the updating of the dimensions of the fluid layers surrounding the sliding structure. The results of this new method are in accordance with the numerical simulations and can be obtained in a short time (1 or 2 seconds) which offers the possibility to make a stochastic analysis of the non linear behaviour

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Gibaud, Etienne. "Numerical simulation of red blood cells flowing in a blood analyzer". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS135/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est d'améliorer la compréhension des phénomènes jouant un rôle dans la mesure effectuée dans un analyseur sanguin, en particulier le comptage et la mesure de volumétrie d'une population de globules rouges reposant sur l'effet Coulter. Des simulations numériques sont effectuées dans le but de prédire la dynamique des globules rouges dans les zones de mesure et pour reproduire la mesure électrique associée, servant au comptage et à la volumétrie des cellules. Ces simulations sont effectuées à l'intérieur de configurations industrielles d'analyseur sanguin, en utilisant un outil numérique développé à l'IMAG, le solveur YALES2BIO. En utilisant la méthode des frontières immergées avec suivi de front, un modèle de particule déformable est introduit, celui-ci prend en compte le contraste de viscosité ainsi que les effets mécaniques de la courbure et de l'élasticité sur la membrane. Le solveur est validé grâce à de nombreux cas tests parcourant différents régimes et effets physiques. L'écoulement fluide dans cette géométrie d'analyseur sanguin est caractérisée par un fort gradient de vitesse axial dans la direction de l'écoulement, impliquant la présence d'un écoulement extensionnel au niveau du micro-orifice, là où a lieu la mesure. La dynamique des globules rouges est étudiée par des simulations numériques pour différentes conditions initiales, telles que sa position ou son orientation. Il est observé que les globules rouges vont se réorienter selon l'axe principal de l'analyseur sanguin dans tous les cas. Pour comprendre le phénomène, des modèles analytiques sont adaptés au cas des écoulements extensionnels et reproduisent correctement les tendances de réorientation.Cette thèse présente également la reproduction de la mesure électrique utilisée pour le comptage et la mesure de la distribution des volumes de globules rouges. De nombreuses simulations de la dynamique des globules rouges sont effectuées et utilisées pour générer l'impulsion électrique correspondant au passage du globule rouge dans le micro-orifice. Les amplitudes d'impulsions électriques résultantes permettent la caractérisation de la réponse électrique en fonction des paramètres initiaux de la simulation par une approche statistique. Un algorithme de Monte-Carlo est utilisé pour la quantification des erreurs de mesure liées à l'orientation et la position des globules rouges dans le micro-orifice. Ceci permet la génération d'une distribution de volume mesurée pour une population de globules rouges bien définie et la caractérisation des erreurs de mesure associées
The aim of this thesis is to improve the understanding of the phenomena involved in the measurement performed in a blood analyzer, namely the counting and sizing of red blood cells based on the Coulter effect. Numerical simulations are performed to predict the dynamics of red blood cells in the measurement regions, and to reproduce the associated electrical measurement used to count and size the cells. These numerical simulations are performed in industrial configurations using a numerical tool developed at IMAG, the YALES2BIO solver. Using the Front-Tracking Immersed Boundary Method, a deformable particle model for the red blood cell is introduced which takes the viscosity contrast as well as the mechanical effects of the curvature and elasticity on the membrane into account. The solver is validated against several test cases spreading over a large range of regimes and physical effects.The velocity field in the blood analyzer geometry is found to consist of an intense axial velocity gradient in the direction of the flow, resulting in a extensional flow at the micro-orifice, where the measurement is performed. The dynamics of the red blood cells is studied with numerical simulations with different initial conditions, such as its position or orientation. They are found to reorient along the main axis of the blood analyzer in all cases. In order to understand the phenomenon, analytical models are adapted to the case of extensional flows and are found to reproduce the observed trends.This thesis also presents the reproduction of the electrical measurement used to count red blood cells and measure their volume distribution. Numerous dynamics simulations are performed and used to generate the electrical pulse corresponding to the passage of a red blood cell inside the micro-orifice. The resulting electrical pulse amplitudes are used to characterize the electrical response depending on the initial parameters of the simulation by means of a statistical approach. A Monte-Carlo algorithm helps quantifying the errors on the measurement of cell depending on its orientation and position inside the micro-orifice. This allows the generation of a measured volume distribution of a well defined red blood cell population and the characterization of the associated measurement errors

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Sarthou, Arthur. "Méthodes de domaines fictifs d'ordre élevé pour les équations elliptiques et de Navier-Stokes. Application au couplage fluide-structure". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460206.

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La simulation de cas réalistes d'écoulements ou de transferts thermiques implique souvent l'utilisation d'obstacles ou d'interfaces de forme complexe. De part leur manque de flexibilité, les maillages structurés ne sont pas initialement adaptés au traitement d'interfaces irrégulières, ces dernières coïncidant rarement avec les lignes du maillage. Afin de permettre à l'approche structurée de traiter des interfaces complexes avec précision, des méthodes dites de domaines fictifs sont nécessaires. La première contribution de cette thèse est une nouvelle méthode de travail sur maillage curviligne structuré qui permet de réutiliser de nombreuses méthodes fonctionnant initialement sur des maillages cartésiens sur maillages curvilignes. Nous avons ensuite mis au point deux nouvelles méthodes de domaines fictifs : la méthode de pénalisation de sous-maille (PSM) pour la gestion des frontières immergées pour les équations elliptiques et de Navier-Stokes et la méthode d'interface immergée algébrique (IIA) pour les problèmes d'interfaces immergées pour les équations elliptiques. L'un des intérêts de ces deux méthodes à l'ordre deux en espace est leur simplicité. Ces différents développements ont finalement été appliqués à des cas de couplage fluide-structure académiques et réalistes (sédimentation d'un cylindre, hydroplanage d'un pneu, écoulements dans une tête de forage et convection naturelle dans la grotte de Lascaux).

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Benguigui, William. "Modélisation de la réponse dynamique d’une paroi solide mise en vibration par un écoulement fluide diphasique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLY014.

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Les tubes des générateurs de vapeur des centrales nucléaires vibrent sous l'effet d'écoulement eau/vapeur. Pour appréhender ce phénomène et le comprendre, des expériences à échelles réduites sont réalisées. La simulation numérique a montré son habilité à reproduire l'interaction fluide-structure sur ce type de géométrie pour des écoulements monophasiques. L'objectif est désormais de faire de même en écoulement diphasique et de caractériser les propriétés physiques du mélange liquide/gaz influant sur la vibration.Pour se faire, un code CFD avec une approche bi-fluide est utilisé. Une méthode dite de "Discrete forcing" est implémentée pour permettre le mouvement imposé de corps solides au sein d'un écoulement à plusieurs phases. Celle-ci est alros validée sur des cas simples et intégraux avec une comparaison systématique à des résultats expérimentaux ou théoriques.En se basant sur un algorithme implicite existant dans la littérature, un couplage fluide-structure utilisant cette méthode de suivi d'interface est implémenté. Validé sur des cas monophasiques et diphasiques, ce couplage offre désormais la possibilité de déplacer un solide en fonction des forces fluides diphasiques qui lui sont appliquées.Les différentes méthodes numériques présentes dans NEPTUNE_CFD sont ensuite évaluées pour un écoulement fréon/fréon au travers d'un faisceau de tubes inclinés. La nécessité d'utiliser des modèles dit "multi-régime" est mis en avant.Afin de déterminer l'influence sur l'écoulement des différentes propriétés physiques d'un mélange diphasique, plusieurs cas simples sont réalisés.Finalement, l'application industrielle cible, un écoulement eau/fréon dans un faisceau de tubes à pas carré, est simulée et comparée à un écoulement en conditions réelles (eau/vapeur à 70 bar). Les vibrations induites par écoulement monophasique puis diphasique sont correctement reproduites sur des cas dit de "faisabilité"
In nuclear power plants, steam generator tubes vibrate because of steam/water cross-flows. In order to understant this phenomenon, reduced-scale experiments are performed. Numerical simulations have shown their ability to accurately reproduce the vibration induced by a single phase flow in a tube bundle. The aim of the present work is to do the same with two-phase flow and to characterize the effect of the mixture physical properties on vibration.To do so, a CFD code based on a two-fluid approach is used. A "discrete forcing" method is implemented in order to allow solid body motion in a two-phase flow. The validation is performed with simple and industrial cases using experimental and theoretical results.Using an existing implicit algorithm, a fluid-structure coupling based on the developed interface tracking method is implemented. Validated for single and two-phase flows, it is now possible to have solid motion induced by fluid forces.The different numerical models dedicated to two-phase flows are then evaluated on a freon/freon flow across an inclined tube bundle. The use of a multi-regime model is required. In order to investigate the role of the different physical properties on the vibration, three simple studies are performed.Finally, the industrial application, a freon/water flow across a square pitch tube bundle, is performed. First, it is compared to a steam/water flow in order to characterize the discrepancies when we are using a modeling mixture. Then, the vibration induced by single- and two-phase flows is reproduced by the developed method on feasibility test cases

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Gomes, Henrique Campelo. "Método dos elementos finitos com fronteiras imersas aplicado a problemas de dinâmica dos fluidos e interação fluido-estrutura". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-26122013-150059/.

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Este trabalho pode ser dividido em três etapas principais. Inicialmente é proposta uma formulação estabilizada do método dos elementos finitos (MEF) para solução de problemas de escoamento incompressível governado pela equação de Navier-Stokes. Esta formulação foi implementada em um código computacional e testada através de diversos exemplos numéricos. Alguns elementos finitos com diferentes pares de função de interpolação da velocidade e pressão, consagrados na literatura, e também elementos finitos menos populares, foram investigados e seus resultados e performance comparados. A segunda etapa consiste na formulação do problema estrutural. Buscou-se por uma formulação dinâmica, não linear, capaz de simular movimentos complexos de estruturas sujeitas a grandes deslocamentos e grandes deformações durante longos intervalos de tempo. A etapa final deste trabalho é a proposição de um método para solução de problemas de Interação Fluido Estrutura (IFE) que utiliza o conceito de fronteiras imersas como alternativa a abordagens ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) clássicas. Elementos Finitos Generalizados, juntamente com Multiplicadores de Lagrange, são utilizados para prover descontinuidade nos campos de velocidade e pressão do fluido ao longo da interface com a estrutura. O acoplamento dos dois problemas é realizado utilizando um método implícito e alternado (staggered scheme), que possui a vantagem de permitir, facilmente, a implementação de códigos computacionais desenvolvidos para resolver isoladamente o problema fluido e/ou estrutural.
This work is divided in three parts. Initially, it is presented a stabilized Finite Element Method formulation to solve fluid flow problems governed by the incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations. This formulation was implemented in a computer code and validated throughout several numeric simulations. Some well-known finite elements with different pairs of velocity/pressure approximations, as well as some other less popular elements, were investigated and their performance compared. The second part describes the Structural Problem formulation. This formulation is able to simulate nonlinear dynamic problems involving large displacements and finite strains during long period of time. In the final part of this work, it is proposed a Fluid-Structure Interaction method based on an immersed interface approach in opposition to classical ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) approaches. Generalized Finite Elements, together with Lagrange Multipliers, are used to provide velocity and pressure discontinuities on the fluid domain across the immersed interface. To couple both fluid and structural problems, an implicit staggered scheme is adopted, which allows the easy implementation of already developed black box computer codes.

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Tayllamin, Bruno. "Evaluation d'une méthode de Frontières immergées pour les simulations numériques d'écoulements cardiovasculaires". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20100.

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L'approche la plus courante en Mécanique des Fluides Numérique pour réaliser les simulations d'écoulement cardiovasculaire consiste à utiliser des méthodes numériques Body-fitted. Ces méthodes ont permis d'obtenir des simulations d'écoulement sanguin dans les artères qui sont précises et utiles. Toutefois, la génération du maillage body-fitted est une tâche qui demande beaucoup de temps et d'expertise à l'utilisateur.Les méthodes de Frontières Immergées sont des méthodes numériques alternatives qui ont l'avantage d'être plus simples d'emploi car elles ne requièrent aucune tâche de maillage de la part de l'utilisateur. Le travail présenté ici vise à évaluer le potentiel d'un méthode de Frontières Immergées à réaliser des simulations d'écoulement cardiovasculaire.Ce travail s'attache, dans un premier temps, à décrire les capacités de cette méthode numérique à rendre compte de l'imperméabilité et de la mobilité des parois sur des cas relativement simples mais représentatifs d'écoulements cardiovasculaires. Ensuite, des applications de la méthode à des cas d'écoulement cardiovasculaire plus complexes sont montrées. Il s'agira d'abord d'une simulation de l'écoulement dans un modèle rigide d'artère aorte. Puis, la simulation d'un écoulement à l'intérieur d'un ventricule cardiaque à paroi mobile sera montrée
The most common approach in Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) for simulating blood flow into vessel is to make use of a body-fitted me-thod. This approach has lead to accurate and useful simulations of blood flowinto arteries. However, generation of the body-fitted grid is time consuming andrequires from the user an engineering knowledge.The Immersed Boundary Method has emerged as an alternate method whichdoes not require from the user any grid generation task. Simulations are done on astructured Cartesian grid which can be automatically generated. Here we addressthe question of the capability of an Immersed Boundary Method to cope withcardiovascular flow simulations.In particular, we assess the impermeable and moving properties of the wallwhen using the Immersed Boundary Method on simple but relevant vascular flowcases. Then, we show more complex and realistic cardiovascular flow simulations.The first application consists of blood flow simulation inside an aorta cross model.Then, the simulation of blood flow inside a cardiac ventricle with moving wall isshown

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35

Sigüenza, Julien. "Fluid-structure interaction problems involving deformable membranes : application to blood flows at macroscopic and microscopic scales". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT301/document.

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Cette thèse traite plusieurs aspects scientifiques inhérents à la simulation numérique de problèmes d'interaction fluide-structure impliquant de fines membranes déformables. Deux cas spécifiques relatifs à la biomécanique cardiovasculaire sont considérés : l'interaction de l'écoulement sanguin avec la valve aortique (qui se produit à l'échelle macroscopique), et l'interaction de la membrane des globules rouges avec ses fluides interne et externe (qui se produit à l'échelle microscopique). Dans les deux cas, le couplage fluide-structure est géré par l'intermédiaire d'un formalisme de frontières immergées, en représentant la membrane par un maillage Lagrangien se mouvant au travers d'un maillage fluide Eulérien. Lorsque l'on traite la dynamique des globules rouges, la membrane est considérée comme étant une structure sans masse et infiniment fine. La première question à laquelle on s'intéresse dans cette thèse est la manière de modéliser la microstructure complexe de la membrane des globules rouges. Un moyen possible pour caractériser un modèle de membrane adapté est de simuler l'expérience des pinces optiques, qui consiste en une configuration expérimentale bien contrôlée qui permet d'étudier la mécanique individuelle d'un globule rouge isolé dans une large gamme de déformations. Plusieurs modèles pertinents sont identifiés, mais les caractéristiques de déformation mesurées durant l'expérience des pinces optiques se révèlent n'être pas assez sélectives pour être utilisées dans un contexte de validation. Des mesures de déformation additionnelles sont proposées, qui pourraient permettre une meilleure caractérisation de la mécanique de la membrane des globules rouges. En ce qui concerne les configurations macroscopiques, une méthode numérique innovante est proposée afin de gérer des simulations numériques de membranes 3D continues, en conservant le formalisme de frontières immergées. Dans cette méthode, appelée méthode des frontières immergées épaisses, la membrane a une épaisseur finie. La précision et la robustesse de la méthode sont démontrées par l'intermédiaire d'une variété de cas tests bien choisis. La méthode proposée est ensuite appliquée à un problème d'interaction fluide-structure réaliste, à savoir l'interaction d'un écoulement (sanguin) pulsé avec une valve aortique biomimétique. Une étude combinée expérimentale et numérique est menée, montrant que la méthode est capable de capturer la dynamique globale de la valve, ainsi que les principales caractéristiques de l'écoulement en aval de la valve. Tous les développements ont été effectués dans le solveur YALES2BIO (http://www.math.univ-montp2.fr/~yales2bio/) développé à l'IMAG, qui est donc disponible pour toutes autres améliorations, validations et études applicatives
This thesis deals with several scientific aspects inherent to the numerical simulation of fluid-structure interaction problems involving thin deformable membranes. Two specific cases relevant to cardiovascular biomechanics are considered: the interaction of the blood flow with the aortic valve (which occurs at the macroscopic scale), and the interaction of the red blood cells membrane with its inner and outer fluids (which occurs at the microscopic scale). In both cases, the fluid-structure interaction coupling is handled using an immersed boundary formalism, representing the membrane by a Lagrangian mesh moving through an Eulerian fluid mesh.When dealing with red blood cells dynamics, the membrane is considered to be an infinitely thin and massless structure. The first question which is addressed in the present thesis work is how to model the complex microstructure of the red blood cells membrane. A possible way to characterize a suitable membrane model is to simulate the optical tweezers experiment, which is a well-controlled experimental configuration enabling to study the individual mechanics of an isolated red blood cell in a large range of deformation. Some relevant membrane models are identified, but the deformation characteristics measured during the optical tweezers experiment reveal to be not selective enough to be used in a validation context. Additional deformation measurements are proposed, which could allow a better characterization of the red blood cell membrane mechanics.Regarding the macroscopic configurations, an innovative numerical method is proposed to handle numerical simulations of 3D continuum membranes, still within the immersed boundary formalism. In this method, called immersed thick boundary method, the membrane has a finite thickness. The accuracy and robustness of the method are demonstrated through a variety of well-chosen test cases. Then, the proposed method is applied to a realistic fluid-structure interaction problem, namely the interaction of a pulsatile (blood) flow with a biomimetic aortic valve. A combined experimental and numerical study is led, showing that the method is able to capture the global dynamics of the valve, as well as the main features of the flow downstream of the valve.All the developments were performed within the YALES2BIO solver (http://www.math.univ-montp2.fr/~yales2bio/) developed at IMAG, which is thus available for further improvements, validations and applicative studies

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OLIVIERI, STEFANO. "Elastically-bounded flapping plates for flow-induced energy harvesting". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/999997.

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This work concerns a novel concept for energy harvesting (EH) from fluid flows, based on the aeroelastic flutter of elastically-bounded plates immersed in laminar flow. The resulting flapping motions are investigated in order to support the development of centimetric-size EH devices exploiting low wind velocities, with potential application in the autonomous powering of low-power wireless sensor networks used, e.g., for remote environmental monitoring. The problem is studied combining three-dimensional direct numerical simulations exploiting a state-of-the-art immersed boundary method, wind-tunnel experiments on prototypal EH devices, and a reduced-order phenomenological model based on a set of ordinary differential equations. Three key features of the aeroelastic system are investigated: (i) we identify the critical condition for self-sustained flapping using a simple balance between characteristic timescales involved in the problem; (ii) we explore postcritical regimes characterized by regular limit-cycle oscillations, highlighting how to maximize their amplitude and/or frequency and in turns the potential energy extraction; (iii) we consider arrays of multiple devices, revealing for certain arrangements a constructive interference effect that leads to significant performance improvements. These findings lead to an improved characterization of the system and can be useful for the optimal design of EH devices. Moreover, we outline future research directions with the ultimate goal of realizing high-performance networks of numerous harvesters in real-world environmental conditions.

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Pauthenet, Martin. "Macroscopic model and numerical simulation of elastic canopy flows". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0072/document.

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On étudie l'écoulement turbulent d'un fluide sur une canopée, que l'on modélise comme un milieu poreux déformable. Ce milieu poreux est en fait composé d'un tapis de fibres susceptibles de se courber sous la charge hydrodynamique du fluide, et ainsi de créer un couplage fluide-structure à l'échelle d'une hauteur de fibre (honami). L'objectif de la thèse est de développer un modèle macroscopique de cette interaction fluide-structure, afin d'en réaliser des simulations numériques. Une approche numérique de simulation aux grandes échelles est donc mise en place pour capturer les grandes structures de l'écoulement et leur couplage avec les déformations du milieu poreux. Pour cela nous dérivons les équations régissant la grande échelle, au point de vue du fluide ainsi que de la phase solide. À cause du caractère non-local de la phase solide, une approche hybride est proposée. La phase fluide est décrite d'un point de vue Eulerien, tandis que la description de la dynamique de la phase solide nécessite une représentation Lagrangienne. L'interface entre le fluide et le milieu poreux est traitée de manière continue. Cette approche de l'interface fluide/poreux est justifiée par un développement théorique sous forme de bilan de masse et de quantité de mouvement à l'interface. Ce modèle hybride est implémenté dans un solveur écrit en C$++$, à partir d'un solveur fluide disponible dans la librairie CFD \openfoam. Un préalable nécessaire à la réalisation d'un tel modèle macroscopique est la connaissance des phénomènes de la petite échelle en vue de les modéliser. Deux axes sont explorés concernant cet aspect. Le premier consiste à étudier les effets de l'inertie sur la perte de charge en milieu poreux. Un paramètre géométrique est proposé pour caractériser la sensibilité d'une microstructure poreuse à l'inertie de l'écoulement du fluide dans ses pores. L'efficacité de ce paramètre géométrique est validée sur une diversité de microstructures et le caractère général du paramètre est démontré. Une loi asymptotique est ensuite proposée pour modéliser les effets de l'inertie sur la perte de charge, et comprendre comment celle-ci évolue en fonction de la nature de la microstructure du milieu poreux. Le deuxième axe d'étude de la petite échelle consiste à étudier l'effet de l’interaction fluide-structure à l'échelle du pore sur la perte de charge au niveau macroscopique. Comme les cas présentent de grands déplacements de la phase solide, une approche par frontières immergées est proposée. Ainsi deux méthodes numériques sont employées pour appliquer la condition de non-glissement à l'interface fluid/solide: l'une par interface diffuse, l'autre par reconstitution de l'interface. Cela permet une validation croisée des résultats et d'atteindre des temps de calcul acceptables tout en maîtrisant la précision des résultats numériques. Cette étude permet de montrer que l'interaction fluide-structure à l'échelle du pore a un effet considérable sur la perte de charge effective au niveau macroscopique. Des questions fondamentales sont ensuite abordées, telles que la taille d'un élément représentatif ou la forme des équations de transport dans un milieu poreux souple
We study the turbulent flow of a fluid over a canopy, that we model as a deformable porous medium. This porous medium is more precisely a carpet of fibres that bend under the hydrodynamic load, hence initiating a fluid-structure coupling at the scale of a fibre's height (honami). The objective of the thesis is to develop a macroscopic model of this fluid-structure interaction in order to perform numerical simulations of this process. The volume averaging method is implemented to describe the large scales of the flow and their interaction with the deformable porous medium. An hybrid approach is followed due to the non-local nature of the solid phase; While the large scales of the flow are described within an Eulerian frame by applying the method of volume averaging, a Lagrangian approach is proposed to describe the ensemble of fibres. The interface between the free-flow and the porous medium is handle with a One-Domain- Approach, which we justify with the theoretical development of a mass- and momentum- balance at the fluid/porous interface. This hybrid model is then implemented in a parallel code written in C$++$, based on a fluid- solver available from the \openfoam CFD toolbox. Some preliminary results show the ability of this approach to simulate a honami within a reasonable computational cost. Prior to implementing a macroscopic model, insight into the small-scale is required. Two specific aspects of the small-scale are therefore studied in details; The first development deals with the inertial deviation from Darcy's law. A geometrical parameter is proposed to describe the effect of inertia on Darcy's law, depending on the shape of the microstructure of the porous medium. This topological parameter is shown to efficiently characterize inertia effects on a diversity of tested microstructures. An asymptotic filtration law is then derived from the closure problem arising from the volume averaging method, proposing a new framework to understand the relationship between the effect of inertia on the macroscopic fluid-solid force and the topology of the microstructure of the porous medium. A second research axis is then investigated. As we deal with a deformable porous medium, we study the effect of the pore-scale fluid-structure interaction on the filtration law as the flow within the pores is unsteady, inducing time-dependent fluidstresses on the solid- phase. For that purpose, we implement pore-scale numerical simulations of unsteady flows within deformable pores, focusing for this preliminary study on a model porous medium. Owing to the large displacements of the solid phase, an immersed boundary approach is implemented. Two different numerical methods are compared to apply the no-slip condition at the fluid-solid interface: a diffuse interface approach and a sharp interface approach. The objective is to find the proper method to afford acceptable computational time and a good reliability of the results. The comparison allows a cross-validation of the numerical results, as the two methods compare well for our cases. This numerical campaign shows that the pore-scale deformation has a significant impact on the pressure drop at the macroscopic scale. Some fundamental issues are then discussed, such as the size of a representative computational domain or the form of macroscopic equations to describe the momentum transport within a soft deformable porous medium

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Beltzung, Thibaud. "Simulation et modélisation des interactions fluide-structure en écoulements diphasiques Parallel geothermal numerical model with fractures and multi-branch wells". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV052.

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Les générateurs de vapeur (GV) sont l’un des com-posants majeurs des réacteurs nucléaires, et une connaissanceapprofondie de leur comportement constitue un enjeu indus-triel important aussi bien pour le concepteur AREVA-NP quepour l’exploitant EDF. Une des problématiques rencontréespour le dimensionnement des GV concerne la vibration destubes induite par l’écoulement, ce qui nécessite une évalua-tion raisonnable de la réponse des tubes à l’excitation généréepar l’écoulement. La zone identifiée comme la plus critique estla région en U (partie haute du GV) où l’écoulement est dipha-sique avec un fort taux de vide et interagit plutôt transversa-lement avec les tubes. Afin d’évaluer les excitations généréessur les tubes par les fluctuations inhérentes à l’écoulement, lesparamètres physiques pertinents doivent être identifiés. Pourles écoulements monophasiques, il semble possible de relier lesefforts sur les structures tubulaires au niveau de turbulence del’écoulement à la fois en utilisant des méthodes de réductiondes données expérimentales mais également en utilisant desméthodes de simulations numériques. Pour les écoulementsdiphasiques, les forces induites sur les tubes par l’écoulementont a priori une autre origine et seraient plutôt liées aux contri-butions dynamiques de chaque phase ainsi qu’aux transfertsinterfaciaux. Néanmoins, les paramètres physiques pertinentsqui permettent de prévoir l’amplitude de ces forces restentlargement débattus (taux de vide, régime d’écoulement, etc.)et les mécanismes physiques mal compris. Pour étudier cesinstabilités vibratoires lorsque l’écoulement est diphasique, uncertain nombre d’expériences analytiques ont été et continuentà être menées au CEA. Ces expériences analytiques portentsur un tube isolé ou en faisceau, rigide ou flexible, et sur unelarge gamme de régimes d’écoulement (maquettes AMOVI etDIVA du CEA). Leur objectif est de caractériser ces instabili-tés vibratoires (mesure des forces exercées sur l’obstacle) enfonction de paramètres globaux de l’écoulement (débit gaz,débit liquide, taux de vide ”moyen”, etc.) mais aussi de cer-tains paramètres locaux (taux de vide local, taille des bulles,vitesse gaz, etc.). Ces paramètres mesurés ou estimés loca-lement sont ceux qui permettent d’obtenir les adimensionne-ments les plus pertinents à la fois sur les forces d’excitationsaléatoires (spectres d’excitation en diphasique sur tube rigide)et sur les forces de couplage fluide-élastiques (tube flexible seulpuis en faisceau). Il reste néanmoins une bande de dispersionsur les résultats obtenus, les mécanismes physiques sont malcompris et ces adimensionnements restent tributaires du choixde la localisation des mesures. L’objectif de la thèse est doncde mettre en oeuvre des simulations numériques avec suivid’interface dans des configurations proches de celles des ex-périences analytiques menées au CEA afin d’approfondir l’ana-lyse des phénomènes conduisant aux vibrations des tubes deGV
Steam generators are a key component of nuclear power reactors, and an in-depth knowledge of their mechanisms is a major industrial challenge for the designer AREVA-NP and the operator EDF. Vibration of tube bundles induced by cross-flow is one of the problems encountered by the designer, thus needing to assess the vibration response to the excitation generated by the flow. The critical region is the U shape of the bundle (upper part of the steam generator), where two-phase cross-flow occurs with an important void fraction. In order to measure excitation induced by flow fluctuations on the tube bundle, some physical parameters have to be identified. For single-phase flows, it seems possible to link load on tubular structure to turbulence intensity of the flow, thanks to experimental data reduction methods together with numerical simulation methods. For two-phase flows, it is believed that forces induced on the tubes by the flow have other origins, and might be connected to dynamic contribution of each phase together with interfacial transfers. Nevertheless, relevant physical parameters which could predict the amplitude of the forces remain a subject of debate (void fraction, flow regime, etc.) and physical processes not yet fully understood. In order to study mechanical instabilities in two-phase flows, some analytic experiments a have been and continue to be conducted at CEA. These analytic experiments focuses on isolated tube or tube bundles (rigid or flexible), and on a large regime flow range (AMOVI and DIVA mockups at CEA). They aim to describe these mechanical instabilities (forces measurement on the obstacle) based upon average parameters of the flow (gas and liquid flow rates, "mean" void fraction, etc.), but also local parameters (local void fraction, bubble size, gas velocity, etc.). These measured or locally estimated parameters are used to conduct relevant nondimensionalization, both on the random excitation forces (two-phase excitation spectrum on a rigid tube) and the fluid-elastic coupling forces (single flexible tube or flexible bundle). Nonetheless, some dispersion remains on the results, physical mechanisms are not well understood, and the nondimensionalization process remains dependent on metrology. The aim of this PhD thesis is to conduct numerical simulations with front tracking in configurations close to the experiments conducted at CEA in order to expand the knowledge on phenomena leading to vibration of tube bundle in steam generators

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Kitatani, Júnior Sigeo. "Modelagem matemática e simulação numérica para solução de problemas de interação fluido-estrutura utilizando metodologia de fronteira imersa". Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2009. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/14913.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In this work, the combined multi-direct forcing and immersed boundary method (IBM) were presented to simulate uid-structure interaction problems. The multi-direct forcing is used aim at satisfying the no-slip condition in the immersed boundary. For the numerical simulations was used a multi-purpose computer code that is being developed in the MFlab - Fluid Mechanics Laboratory of Federal University of Uberl^andia. Tests are made to validate the numerical schemes and routines were implemented to simulate uid-structures interaction problems. Furthermore, computational tools are developed to construct and manage and optimize the use of a Beowulf cluster where all the parallel simulations presented in this work were done. The Method of Manufactured Solutions has been used for order-of-accuracy verication in the computational uid dynamics code. Two uid-structure interaction problems were studied using this methodology. The rst is a ow over a sphere for some Reynolds numbers. The results were compared to empirical results, obtaining satisfactory approximations. The second one is a immersed simple pendulum. For this problem the results are in agreement with physics. Indeed, these are preliminar results. New tests must be done to make progress in the methodology. Improvements are proposed in the IBM, in the uid-structure model, in the turbulence model, in the method used to discretize the uid domain. It is also proposed to apply the methodology to real problems as risers and valves.
O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo a aplicação do método multifoçagem (MMF) para solução numérica tridimensional de problemas de interação uidoestrutura, buscando-se garantir a condição de não-escorregamento na região da fronteira imersa. Para as simulações numéricas foi utilizado um código computacional multipropósito em desenvolvimento no MFlab - Laboratório de Mecânica dos Fluidos da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Foram feitas modificações nesse código para que se pudesse validá-lo para solução de problemas com fronteira imersa e foi implementada uma rotina para solução de um problema de interação uido-estrutura total. Além disso, foi desenvolvido um pacote de ferramentas computacionais que possibilitou instalar e melhorar o desempenho de um cluster do tipo Beowulf utilizado para o desenvolvimento das simulações num eriças em paralelo do presente trabalho. Utilizando o Método das Soluções Manufaturadas foram obtidas soluções sintetizadas para as equações de Navier-Stokes, o que possibilitou obter a ordem de convergência numérica do código computacional para problemas contínuos e a validação deste código para problemas envolvendo corpos imersos ao combinar a o método das soluções manufaturadas com a metodologia de fronteira imersa. Na sequência foi solucionado o problema de escoamento ao redor de uma esfera parada, cujos resultados foram comparados com referencias empíricas, obtendo-se boa aproximação. Ainda para esse caso foi feita a avalição da norma L2 para as soluções num eriças obtidas nos pontos lagrangianos verificando a garantia da condição de não-escorregamento e feita uma análise da inuência dos número de ciclos utilizados no método multi-forçagem. Foi vericado que a solução numérica obtida depende do número de ciclos o que faz com que seja necessário se estabelecer um critério de convergência para este método. Um segundo problema de interação uido-estrutura total foi estudado. Consiste em um pêndulo simples imerso em um uido que parte de uma dada posição angular inicial e oscila em torno da sua posição de equilíbrio, até parar. Para esse caso foram feitas análises quantitativas. Os resultados são preliminares mas coerentes com a física do problema, indicando que a metodologia é adequada para solução deste tipo de problema.
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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Brauer, Alexia de. "Simulation de modèles multi-matériaux sur maillage cartésien". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0152/document.

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On s’intéresse à la simulation d’écoulements compressibles multi-matériaux et, notamment, aux interactions fluide/structure dans les régimes transitoires et en dynamique rapide. Le but est de pouvoir décrire l’évolution de matériaux de lois de comportement très différentes à l’aide d’un modèle unique. Les milieux sont seulement différenciés par leurs équations d’état et sont séparés par une interface dite sharp. Les matériaux peuvent être des fluides ou des solides élastiques et sont soumis à de grandes déformations. Le modèle est écrit dans le formalisme eulérien. Le schéma numérique est résolu sur des grilles cartésiennes pour des simulations en trois dimensions.Une extension du modèle permet de décrire les déformations plastiques des solides
We are interested in the simulation of compressible multimaterial flows and especially influid/structure interactions in transient states and fast dynamics. We aim to describe the evolution of materials of very different constitutive laws with an unified model. The materials are only differentiated by their own constitutive laws and are separated by a sharp interface. They can be as well fluids or elastic solids and under go large de formations. The model is written in the Eulerian framework. The numerical scheme is solved on Cartesian grids for simulations in three dimensions. An extension of the elastic model is added to describe the plastic deformations of solids

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Sarkis, Bruno. "Étude numérique de la relaxation de capsules confinées par couplage des méthodes Volumes Finis - Éléments Finis via la méthode des frontières immergées IBM : influence de l'inertie et du degré de confinement". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS184/document.

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Les capsules, formées d’une goutte protégée par une membrane élastique, sont très présentes naturellement et dans diverses applications industrielles, mais peu d’études ont exploré les phénomènes transitoires de leur relaxation. L’objectif est d’étudier l’influence de l’inertie et du confinement sur la relaxation d’une capsule sphérique (1) pré-déformée en ellipsoïde et relâchée dans un canal carré où le fluide est au repos, (2) sous écoulement dans un canal carré à expansion soudaine (‘marche’). La capsule est modélisée comme un fluide Newtonien dans une membrane hyper-élastique sans épaisseur ni viscosité, et simulée en couplant les méthodes Volumes Finis - Eléments Finis - frontières immergées. Sa relaxation dans un fluide au repos comporte 3 phases : amorçage du mouvement du fluide, phases rapide puis lente de rétraction de la membrane. Trois régimes existent selon le rapport de confinement et le rapport des nombres de Reynolds et capillaire : amortissements pur, critique ou oscillant. Un modèle de Kelvin-Voigt inertiel est proposé pour prédire les temps de réponse et aussi appliqué à une capsule en écoulement dans le canal microfluidique avec marche. La comparaison aux simulations 3D montre sa pertinence aux temps courts de la relaxation. Ces travaux ouvrent la voie à l’étude d’écoulements transitoires de capsules confinées dans des systèmes microfluidiques complexes
Capsules, made of a drop protected by an elastic membrane, are widly present in nature and in diverse industrial applications, but few studies have explored the transient phenomena governing their relaxation. The objective of the PhD is to study the influence of inertia and confinement on the relaxation of a spherical capsule (1) pre-deformed into an ellipsoid and released in a square channel where the fluid is quiescent, (2) flowing in a square channel with a sudden expansion (‘step’). The capsule is modeled as a Newtonian fluid in a hyperelastic membrane without thickness or viscosity and is simulated coupling the Finite Volume - Finite Element - Immersed Boundary Methods. Its relaxation in a quiescent fluid exhibits three phases: the initiation of the fluid motion, the rapid and then slow retraction phases of the membrane. Three regimes exist depending on the confinement ratio and the Reynolds to capillary number ratio: pure, critical or oscillating damping. A Kelvin-Voigt inertial model is proposed to predict the response time constants and also applied to a capsule flowing in the microfluidic channel with a step. The comparison to 3D simulations shows its relevance at short relaxation times. This work paves the way to the study of transient flows of capsules confined in microfluidic devices

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Sanches, Rodolfo André Kuche. "Sobre o acoplamento fluido-casca utilizando o método dos elementos finitos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-17042011-184131/.

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Este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de ferramentas computacionais para análise não linear geométrica de interação fluido-casca utilizando o Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF). O algoritmo para dinâmica dos fluidos é explícito e a integração temporal é baseada em linhas características. O código computacional é capaz de simular as equações de Navier-Stokes para escoamentos compressíveis tanto na descrição Euleriana como na descrição Lagrangeana-Euleriana arbitrária (ALE), na qual é possível prescrever movimentos para a malha do fluido. A estrutura é modelada em descrição Lagrangeana total através de uma formulação de MEF para análise dinâmica não linear geométrica de cascas baseada no teorema da mínima energia potencial total escrito em função das posições nodais e vetores generalizados e não em deslocamentos e rotações. Essa característica evita o uso de aproximações de grandes rotações. Dois modelos de acoplamentos são desenvolvidos. O primeiro modelo, ideal para problemas onde a escala de deslocamentos não é muito grande comparada com as dimensões do domínio do fluido, é baseado na descrição ALE e o acoplamento entre as duas diferentes malhas é feito através do mapeamento das posições locais dos nós do contorno do fluido sobre os elementos de casca e vice-versa, evitando a necessidade de coincidência entre os nós da casca e do fluido. A malha do fluido é adaptada dinamicamente usando um procedimento simples baseado nas posições e velocidades nodais da casca. O segundo modelo de acoplamento, ideal para problemas com grande escala de deslocamentos tais como estruturas infláveis, considera a casca imersa na malha do fluido e consiste em um procedimento robusto baseado em curvas de nível da função distância assinalada do contorno, o qual integra o algoritmo Lagrangeano de casca com o Fluido em descrição Euleriana, sem necessidade de movimentação da malha do fluido, onde a representação computacional do fluido se resume a uma malha não estruturada maior ou igual ao domínio inicial do fluido e a interface fluido-casca dentro da malha do fluido é identificada por meio de curvas de nível da função distância assinalada do contorno. Ambos os modelos são testados através de exemplos numéricos mostrando robustez e eficiência. Finalmente, como uma sugestão para o futuro desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, iniciaram-se estudos relativos a funções B-splines. O uso desse tipo de funções deverá resolver problemas de estabilidade relativos a oscilações espúrias devidas ao uso de polinômios de Lagrange para a representação de descontinuidades.
This work consists of the development of computational tools for nonlinear geometric fluid-shell interaction analysis using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The fluid solver is explicit and its time integration based on characteristics. The computational code is able to simulate the Navier-Stokes equations for compressible flows written in the Eulerian description as well as in the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) description, enabling movements prescription for the fluid mesh. The structure is modeled in a total Lagrangian description, using a FEM formulation to deal with geometrical nonlinear dynamics of shells based on the minimum potential energy theorem written regarding nodal positions and generalized unconstrained vectors, not displacements and rotations, avoiding the use of large rotation approximations. Two partitioned coupling models are developed. The first model, ideal for simulations where the displacements scale is not very large compared to the fluid domain, is based on the ALE description and the coupling between the two different meshes is done by mapping the fluid boundary nodes local positions over the shell elements and vice-versa, avoiding the need for matching fluid and shell nodes. The fluid mesh is adapted using a simple approach based on shell nodal positions and velocities. The second model, ideal for problems with large scales of displacements such as inflatable structures, is based on immersed boundary and consists of a robust level-set based approach that integrates the Lagrangian shell finite and the Eulerian finite element high speed fluid flow solver, with no need for mesh adaptation, where the fluid representation relies on a fixed unstructured mesh larger or equal to the initial fluid domain and the fluid-shell interface inside the fluid mesh is tracked with level sets of a boundary signed distance function. Both models are tested with numerical examples, showing efficiency and robustness. Finally, as a suggestion for future development of this research, we started studies relatives to B-Spline functions. The use of this kind of functions should solve stability problems related to spurious oscillations due to the use of Lagrange polynomials for representing discontinuities.

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Billon, Laure. "Génération et adaptation de maillage volume-couche limite dynamique pour les écoulements turbulents autour de géométries complexes". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM077/document.

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La simulation numérique des écoulements turbulents en aérodynamique est très complexe. Elle consiste en l'étude de l'interaction entre un fluide et un profilimmergé. On observe à la surface du profil une zone de vitesse ralentie, nommée couche limite. L'étude fine de la couche limite est primordiale pour la résolution précise de l'écoulement. Elle nécessite de ce fait un maillage particulièrement fin et structuré. Nous proposons une procédure automatique permettant de générer un maillage adapté pour la résolution précise de la couche limite en accord avec la théorie et les caractéristiques physiques de l'écoulement. De plus, afin de décrire l'écoulement turbulent dans toute sa complexité à moindres coûts, nous proposons de combiner le maillage couche limite à une méthode d’adaptation de maillage dynamique.A cet effet, nous avons utilisé une version avancée de l'adaptation de maillagesur l'erreur a posteriori basée sur les arêtes et développé une méthode permettant à la fois de conserver la structure et le raffinement dans la couche limite mais également de décrire précisément les recirculations et le sillage. La nouvelle méthode d'adaptation volume-couche limite a été validée sur des cas2D et 3D à géométries complexes. Les résultats mettent en relief le potentiel decette approche et ouvre des perspectives intéressantes pour l'adaptation de maillage en mécanique des fluides
Numerical simulation of turbulent aerodynamics flows remains challenging. Such fluid-structure interaction problem involves generally a thin layer close to the wall where the fluid is slow down, called boundary layer. This latter requires a carefull study of the boundary layer since it is crucial regarding the accuracyof the complete flow computation. Therefore, a fine and structured mesh is needed close to the wall. In this work, we propose a novel automatic procedure to build a correct boundary layer mesh according to the theory and the flow parameters. Moreover, in order to describe exactly the behaviour of the flow on the whole domain, the boundary layer mesh is combined with a dynamic mesh adaptation method.It follows an advanced version of the edge based mesh adaptation method. Combined together, they ensure a fine and structured mesh in the boundarylayer while all the flow vortices are accurately resolved. This new method, called boundary-volume mesh adaptation, has been validated on several 2D and 3Dtest cases with complex geometries. Results emphasises the capacity ofthe approach and offer opportunities of improvement for numerical fluid mechanics mesh adaptation

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Hovnanian, Jessica. "Méthode de frontières immergées pour la mécanique des fluides : application à la simulation de la nage". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835013.

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Nous nous interessons à la modélisation des interactions fluide-structure entre un fluide visqueux incompressible et une structure pouvant être déformable. Apres une approche des méthodes de type frontière immergée existantes, nous présentons une nouvelle approche : la méthode IPC (Image Point Correction) que nous validons ensuite sur différents cas tests. Puis, nous l'appliquons à la simulation 2D puis 3D de la nage d'un poisson grâce à une reconstruction utilisant l'outil du squelette.

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Odhiambo, Ernest, i 歐內斯特. "Direct forcing immersed boundary simulation of vibrating structures in progressive waves". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38368802384683596504.

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博士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
104
This thesis is concerned with the numerical modeling of the interaction between progressive waves and slender cylindrical structures. Maritime structures often comprise cylinders of small diameter relative to the prevailing wave length. We describe the Direct Forcing Immersed Boundary (DFIB) simulation of the hydroelastic behaviour of two rigid, horizontal circular cylinders and an elastic vertical cylinder in regular progressive waves. Fluid motions are numerically solved by the full Navier-Stokes equations, and the free surface by the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method. The motion of the elastic cylinder is solved by the Euler-Bernoulli equation. The rigid horizontal cylinders are modeled on a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) bases , while the elastic vertical cylinder on a single-degree-of-freedom basis. Validation tests using analytical and experimental data have been successfully done. Three regimes are isolated for the SDOF rigid horizontal cylinder: lower beating; lock-in; and upper beating modes. For the 2DOF case the inline motion at lower reduced velocities responds to the wave frequency, while the transverse motion responds to the natural frequency for the intermediate and upper reduced velocity ranges. The deflection of the elastic cylinder to its maximum displacement in the direction contrary to the progressive wave is purely due to the action of vortices around the cylinder. However the deflection of the elastic cylinder to its maximum displacement in the direction of the progressive wave is due to the wave action. In both cases the stress state of the elastic cylinder is significantly amplified.

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46

Nugroho, Giri, i 謝琦力. "Direct-forcing immersed boundary modeling of vortex-induced vibration of structures at moderate Reynolds numbers". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24393753525298834595.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
機械工程系
100
Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of structures is one of the practical interests in various engineering studies such as wind engineering, ocean engineering, aerospace engineering, and so on. When a structure is exposed to a flow field, the resultant hydrodynamic force may cause the vibrations of the structures. Furthermore, this vibration phenomenon may cause the failure of the structure especially for the so-called lock-in situation. In this present study, VIV of a circular cylinder placed in a uniform fluid flow at moderate Reynolds number is simulated using the direct-forcing immersed boundary method. The cylinder is allowed to vibrate in transverse direction and both in the in-line and transverse directions. The effect of reduced velocity on VIV is discussed in this study. Aerodynamic coefficients of a freely vibrating cylinder are analyzed in time and spectral domains. The maximums of the lift coefficient and the mean drag coefficient show hysteresis jumps at low end of the lock-in region. Hysteresis in the response of the cylinder is observed at the low end of the synchronization region. The ratio between the vortex shedding frequency and the natural frequency of the structure experiences the so-called soft lock-in. Moreover, the 2S vortex shedding mode can be found at low amplitudes of vibrations of the cylinder. The C(2S) mode is observed when the oscillation amplitude is large. Good agreements of the results with the previous experimental and numerical data prove the capability of the present method. This established model can be useful for the investigation of VIV of the structures.

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47

Kumaresan, D. "Non-linear Vibration of Beam Immersed in Fluid". Thesis, 2018. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5341.

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In space launch vehicles with liquid propulsion system, various sub-systems like gas bottles, anti-slosh baffles and fluid lines are placed inside the propellant tanks which become partially filled over time during flight. In this context, the dynamic response of a structure immersed in a fluid becomes complex as the force exerted by the fluid on the structure during vibration is very sever. Several theoretical models have been reported in literature to solve this type of fluid-structure interaction problems. However, the selection of a suitable model depends on the realistic physical condition and the numerical accuracy with which the solution has to be analyzed. The theoretical models considered here are based on (1) a loosely coupled fluid-structure interaction model, (2) a strongly coupled fluid-structure interaction model with large deformation and (3) a phenomenological fluid-structure interaction model, all of them including the effect of large deformation. The commercial code ANSYS CFX is used to study the first two models. Computational performance and accuracy aspects are discussed in detail with reference to experimental measurements. In order to apply the detailed understandings further in efficient simulation study, particularly those requiring iterative design optimization of the structural system, it is desired to have a much faster computational speed of simulation without compromising on the numerical accuracy. Model order reduction with phenomenology based mathematical models is one such approach considered further. A phenomenological fluid-structure interaction model is formulated and implemented in a new code. Data generated from an experimental study of internal fluid conveying a beam immersed partially in an external fluid environment is used to fit phenomenological model parameters. In this the problem is sub-divided into two parts. In the first part, a database is generated for the inertial force and the drag forces induced on the beam by the external fluid, and a parametric relationship is incorporated in the phenomenological model. Next a blind transient simulation of this phenomenological model is carried out with base excitation. Simulation results are compared with the experimental results which are found to be in good agreement. Potential application of the developed approach is discussed

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Li, Jia-Yang, i 李佳陽. "Fluid-Structure Interaction Method Development with Immersed Boundary Method". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n9r62u.

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碩士
國立清華大學
動力機械工程學系
105
The interaction between the elastic solid structure and the fluid field it immersed in is of great concern in many areas including wind turbine designing and upper nasal treatments. A new fluid-structure interaction method based on immersed boundary method is developed. Multigrid scheme is applied to trace the interface more accurately. Preliminary validation has been done in a fully developed tube flow model. The result is reasonable in trend, yet has obvious difference from the analytic solution. Advanced research is needed to improve the behavior of the computational program, especially where the two mesh domains transfer information that interacting with Poisson equation solving.

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Lee, Tzu Jung, i 李紫榕. "Simulations of flow and structure interaction using Immersed Boundary Method". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43854489062264133251.

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碩士
國立清華大學
動力機械工程學系
104
In the present study, the problems of solid-fluid interaction using the immersed boundary strategy are investigated. The DKT phenomenon of two sedimenting spheres is presented. The DS phenomenon is observed in the case that the larger sphere is at the bottom. The duration of drafting term in the smallest initial gap in DS phenomenon is investigated at different diameter ratio in the case. On the other hand, in order to simulate the complex-shape object, the method of finding the boundary with the triangular facet surface is added into the numerical method. The triangular facet surface of the object is performed in Standard Tessellation Language (STL) format. In the STL format, the normal vector and three positions of points are recorded in x, y, z-directions. The STL files for the different objects are designed by using CAD. The characteristic of the STL format triangular facet surface is used in the identification of the points around and inside the solid object. The forcing points, decided by using the STL-format triangular facets, is tested in the sphere case and the location of the forcing points are matched with the location found by employing the equation of sphere surface. The parallel computing and altering position of shape are used and validated with the case of rotating ellipsoid. Then, the case of the viscous flow past a sphere is presented. Finally, the case of a rotating turbine with a static fluid domain is performed.

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Chia-Lin, Chiu. "Finite Element Analysis with Immersed Boundary Method for Fluid-structure Interaction Problems". 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2807200617271600.

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