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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „IMF”

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Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 28 lipca 2024

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1

Schapiro, O., A. R. DeAngelis i D. H. E. Gross. "IMF-IMF correlations". Nuclear Physics A 568, nr 2 (luty 1994): 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(94)90206-2.

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Farrar, Salim, i Tanvir Uddin. "Building Islamic Ethics into Development: Exploring the Role and Limitations of “Islamic” Microfinance in Poverty Alleviation—An Indonesian Case Study". Law and Development Review 13, nr 2 (25.09.2020): 371–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2020-0047.

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AbstractIn this article, we examine the role and ethics of IBF in the context of development and address the critique that IBF is merely a rebranding of the conventional sector and merely exploits and further marginalises beneficiaries for profit. We focus on Islamic microfinance (IMF) in Indonesia and explore how it is applied to poverty alleviation. In addition to a review of the research to date, we perform a qualitative sociolegal study involving 27 interviews of two IMF institutions’ (BMT Muda and BPRS Mitra Syariah in East Java) beneficiaries, field staff, management and industry stakeholders. Our fieldwork investigates how institution staff members apply Islamic rules and norms when implementing programs, noting any discrepancies between the rhetoric of the Islamic ethical framework for development and the practice. We ultimately argue that while IMF is still a work in progress that would benefit from further regulatory and institutional reform, it is generating wide-ranging economic, social and spiritual benefits. We find evidence of social empowerment and brotherhood in IMF, emblematic of Islamic ethics, as well as genuine contributions to the economic and social development of Indonesia
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3

International Monetary Fund. "IMF in Focus 2005 (Imf Supplement to the IMF Survey) Volume 34: Supplement to the IMF Survey, Volume 34". IMF Survey 34, nr 05 (2006): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451951424.023.

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4

Winarko, Anton, i Anwar Santoso. "PENGARUH ORIENTASI MEDAN MAGNET ANTARPLANET PADA GANGGUAN GEOMAGNET DI LINTANG RENDAH". Jurnal Sains Dirgantara 13, nr 2 (14.07.2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.jsd.2016.v13.a2553.

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Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) is a part of the Solar magnetic field that is carried into interplanetary space by the solar wind. Based on previous study it is known that solar wind condition when reconnection occurs has important role on geomagnetic disturbance. This paper discusses low-latitude geomagnetic field responses to various condition of reconnection, i.e. when north-south component of Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF Bz) was south-directed (<0) in long duration, IMF Bz switch to opposite direction after reconnection, and neutral IMF Bz (~0). Case studies show that precondition which IMF Bz<0 prompt more intense geomagnetic storm compared to IMF Bz ~0. At low latitude, precondition of IMF Bz <0 tend to trigger disturbance in the form of geomagnetic storm, while the IMF Bz~0 one could trigger Sudden Impulse. Change of IMF Bz direction after reconnection affected recovery phase acceleration, that was on IMF Bz>0, recovery phase took less time compared to IMF Bz<0. AbstrakMedan magnet antarplanet (Interplanetary Magnetic Field/IMF) adalah medan magnet matahari yang dibawa oleh angin surya dan menjalar dalam ruang antarplanet. Berdasarkan studi sebelumnya diketahui bahwa kondisi angin surya saat terjadi rekoneksi amat berpengaruh terhadap gangguan geomagnet yang terjadi. Pada makalah ini dibahas respons medan geomagnet di lintang rendah pada berbagai kondisi rekoneksi yaitu pada saat komponen utara-selatan medan magnet antarplanet (IMF Bz) dominan selatan (IMF Bz<0) dalam durasi panjang, IMF Bz berbalik arah setelah rekoneksi, dan IMF Bz cenderung netral (IMF Bz~0). Dari studi kasus menunjukkan bahwa prakondisi IMF Bz <0 mengakibatkan badai geomagnet yang lebih intens dibandingkan IMF Bz~0. Di lintang rendah, prakondisi IMF Bz<0 cenderung mengakibatkan gangguan berupa badai geomagnet sedangkan IMF Bz~0 dapat memicu Sudden Impulse. Perubahan arah IMF Bz yang terjadi setelah rekoneksi mempengaruhi laju fase pemulihan (recovery phase), yaitu pada IMF Bz>0, fase pemulihannya cenderung berlangsung lebih cepat dibandingkan saat IMF Bz<0.
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5

Larson, Clive. "IMF News". Transactions of the IMF 100, nr 2 (4.03.2022): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00202967.2022.2031634.

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6

Lastra, Rosa M. "IMF conditionality". Journal of Banking Regulation 4, nr 2 (grudzień 2002): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jbr.2340138.

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7

Masson, Paul R. "The IMF". International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 62, nr 4 (grudzień 2007): 889–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070200706200410.

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8

Carson, Eric, i Simon Adler. "Scaling IMF: How to Manage 10,000 IMF Packages". SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal 126, nr 8 (październik 2017): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/jmi.2017.2732859.

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9

International Monetary Fund. "IMF in Focus 2004 (Imf Supplement to the IMF Survey) Volume 33 English: Supplement to the IMF Survey, Volume 33". IMF Survey 33, nr 04 (2004): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451920710.023.

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10

Kullen, A., i P. Janhunen. "Relation of polar auroral arcs to magnetotail twisting and IMF rotation: a systematic MHD simulation study". Annales Geophysicae 22, nr 3 (19.03.2004): 951–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-951-2004.

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Abstract. We investigate with the help of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model how the large-scale topology of the magnetosphere develops for a constant interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) with different IMF clock angles and for an IMF By sign change during northward IMF. A detailed examination of the topological changes in the tail and the ionosphere for different IMF conditions shows a good agreement with observational results. The MHD simulations for different constant IMF clock angle cases show the expected field-line bending and tail twisting for nonzero IMF By. The tail becomes longer and at its tailward end stronger twisted for IMF Bz>∣By∣ than for IMF Bz
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11

Galizio, Néstor O., María E. Amrein, José L. González, Guillermo A. Carnero, Mauricio A. Mysuta, Ernesto Guevara, Liliana Favaloro i Roberto Favaloro. "Terapia de resincronización cardíaca. Incidencia y mecanismos involucrados en la reducción de la insuficiencia mitral funcional". Revista Argentina de Cardiologia 90, nr 1 (17.02.2022): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7775/rac.es.v90.i1.20477.

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Introducción: La insuficiencia mitral funcional (IMF) es común en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC). La IMF moderada/grave (M/G) se asocia a peor pronóstico. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de IMF y los mecanismos involucrados en su reducción en respondedores a la terapia de resincronización cardíaca (TRC) a los 6 meses comparados con 12 y 24 meses. Métodos: Entre 2009 y 2018 fueron tratados 338 pts. Respondedores: reducción de CF NYHA ≥1 grado o aumento de la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (FEVI) ≥5% (absoluto). La IMF se graduó en 4 puntos: No-IMF, leve, M y G, y se la relacionó con las mediciones ecocardiográficas. Características Basales: edad 64 ±10 años, hombres 71%, CF-NYHA IIIII 92%, bloqueo de rama izquierda (BRI) 67%, QRS ≥150 ms 75%, diámetro diastólico del VI (DDVI) 68 ± 9 mm, diámetro sistólico del VI (DSVI) 52 ± 12 mm, FEVI 24 ± 7%. Resultados: La prevalencia de IMF fue del 92,6%. A los 6 meses, 86% fueron respondedores y 23% de ellos mejoraron de IMF-M/G a IMF-Leve/No-IMF. Hubo un fuerte remodelado inverso: DDVI 68 ± 10 vs 63 ± 11 mm, (p = 0,0001), DSVI 55 ± 12 vs 50 ± 13 mm, (p = 0,0006) y FEVI 25 ± 11 vs 33 ± 10%, (p = 0,00001). Comparando 6 con 12 meses 89,4% fueron respondedores, 8% mejoraron de IMF-M/G a IMF-Leve/No-IMF. Comparando 6 con 24 meses 88% fueron respondedores, 14,6% mejoraron de IMF-M/G a IMF-Leve/No-IMF. Entre 6 y 12 y 6 y 24 meses no hubo remodelado inverso significativo. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de IMF fue elevada. El mayor remodelado inverso y reducción de la IMF se observaron a los 6 meses, siendo el primero el principal mecanismo en la reducción de la IMF. Esta mejoría se sostuvo a los 12 y 24 meses.
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12

Chen, Yihong, Michael Callanan, Colm Shanahan, John Tobin, Luke F. Gamon, Michael J. Davies, Linda Giblin i André Brodkorb. "The Use of Membrane Filtration to Increase Native Whey Proteins in Infant Formula". Dairy 2, nr 4 (23.09.2021): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dairy2040041.

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The introduction of membrane filtration during infant milk formula (IMF) processing represents an innovative approach to increasing native protein content compared to standard IMF. The objective of this study was to compare IMF powder produced using a standard process and IMF produced from raw bovine skim milk with added whey protein isolate using a split-stream process incorporating a ceramic 1.4 μm filter followed by a polyvinylidene difluoride polymeric 0.2 μm filter. Retentates from 0.2 μm microfiltration (MF) were blended with fat, lactose, and minerals and subsequently high-temperature treated (125 °C × 5 s). The heat-treated retentate was merged with the permeate from the 0.2 μm MF, homogenised, and spray-dried (referred to as membrane-filtered IMF or MEM-IMF). A control IMF was also produced using standard treatment (referred to as high-temperature IMF or HT-IMF) without membrane filtration. Both IMF products were characterised by high-performance liquid chromatography, particle size, and enzyme activity assays. MEM-IMF powder had significantly higher amounts of native (1.1 g per 100 g powder) and monomeric (1.48 g per 100 g powder) whey proteins when compared to 0.18 and 0.46 g per 100 g powder in HT-IMF, respectively. MEM-IMF also exhibited a lower degree of protein aggregation compared to HT-IMF. Comparison of microbial and Maillard by-products markers demonstrated that a safe IMF product could be produced at scale, although levels of the Maillard by-product marker, carboxymethyl-lysine, were not significantly reduced in MEM-IMF. This study demonstrates how membrane filtration can be used to retain native proteins during IMF manufacture.
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13

Huang, Chao-Song. "Occurrence of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles during Intense Magnetic Storms". International Journal of Geophysics 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/401858.

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An important issue in low-latitude ionospheric space weather is how magnetic storms affect the generation of equatorial plasma bubbles. In this study, we present the measurements of the ion density and velocity in the evening equatorial ionosphere by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites during 22 intense magnetic storms. The DMSP measurements show that deep ion density depletions (plasma bubbles) are generated after the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) turns southward. The time delay between the IMF southward turning and the first DMSP detection of plasma depletions decreases with the minimum value of the IMFBz, the maximum value of the interplanetary electric field (IEF)Ey, and the magnitude of the Dst index. The results of this study provide strong evidence that penetration electric field associated with southward IMF during the main phase of magnetic storms increases the generation of equatorial plasma bubbles in the evening sector.
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14

Gotthardt, Juliet D., Jessica L. Verpeut, Bryn L. Yeomans, Jennifer A. Yang, Ali Yasrebi, Troy A. Roepke i Nicholas T. Bello. "Intermittent Fasting Promotes Fat Loss With Lean Mass Retention, Increased Hypothalamic Norepinephrine Content, and Increased Neuropeptide Y Gene Expression in Diet-Induced Obese Male Mice". Endocrinology 157, nr 2 (14.12.2015): 679–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1622.

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Abstract Clinical studies indicate alternate-day, intermittent fasting (IMF) protocols result in meaningful weight loss in obese individuals. To further understand the mechanisms sustaining weight loss by IMF, we investigated the metabolic and neural alterations of IMF in obese mice. Male C57/BL6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% fat) ad libitum for 8 weeks to promote an obese phenotype. Mice were divided into four groups and either maintained on ad libitum HFD, received alternate-day access to HFD (IMF-HFD), and switched to ad libitum low-fat diet (LFD; 10% fat) or received IMF of LFD (IMF-LFD). After 4 weeks, IMF-HFD (∼13%) and IMF-LFD (∼18%) had significantly lower body weights than the HFD. Body fat was also lower (∼40%–52%) in all diet interventions. Lean mass was increased in the IMF-LFD (∼12%–13%) compared with the HFD and IMF-HFD groups. Oral glucose tolerance area under the curve was lower in the IMF-HFD (∼50%), whereas the insulin tolerance area under the curve was reduced in all diet interventions (∼22%–42%). HPLC measurements of hypothalamic tissue homogenates indicated higher (∼55%–60%) norepinephrine (NE) content in the anterior regions of the medial hypothalamus of IMF compared with the ad libitum-fed groups, whereas NE content was higher (∼19%–32%) in posterior regions in the IMF-LFD group only. Relative gene expression of Npy in the arcuate nucleus was increased (∼65%–75%) in IMF groups. Our novel findings indicate that intermittent fasting produces alterations in hypothalamic NE and neuropeptide Y, suggesting the counterregulatory processes of short-term weight loss are associated with an IMF dietary strategy.
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15

Pal, Subrata. "Distinction between multifragmentation mechanisms from IMF-IMF correlation functions". Nuclear Physics A 594, nr 2 (listopad 1995): 156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(95)00367-a.

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16

Pal, Subrata, S. K. Samaddar i J. N. De. "Signature of exotic nuclear shapes from IMF-IMF correlations". Nuclear Physics A 589, nr 3 (lipiec 1995): 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(95)00130-s.

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Farsijani, Samaneh, Megan M. Marron, Iva Miljkovic, Mary E. Baugh, Stephen Kritchevsky i Anne B. Newman. "METABOLOMICS PROFILING OF MUSCLE FAT DEPOSITION IN AGING: RESULTS FROM THE HEALTH ABC STUDY". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (listopad 2019): S952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3457.

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Abstract Background: Age-related inter-muscular fat (IMF) deposition is associated with poor physical function in those with preserved/high muscle mass. However, the heterogeneity of IMF in aging is poorly understood. We used a semi-targeted metabolomics approach to: 1) determine the metabolites associated with IMF infiltration in aging; and 2) establish a model to predict IMF using the metabolome. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 314 African-American men (age: 69-79 years) from the Health ABC study at baseline. Mid-thigh IMF area (cm2, by CT) and 350 plasma metabolites (by liquid-chromatography/mass spectrometry) were measured. Correlation analysis was performed to determine metabolites associated with IMF. An IMF prediction model was calculated, using regression analysis with 10-fold cross-validations on random halves of the population with metabolites, age and weight as predictors. Results: Of 161 metabolites correlated with IMF (P&lt;0.05), 34 remained significant after adjusting for age, weight, physical activity, medications, smoking and multiple comparisons (false discovery rate ≤0.25). IMF-associated metabolites were primarily lipids (76%) and amino acids (15%). Most metabolites were positively correlated with IMF (94%), with the exception of mevalonic acid (from fatty acids sub-class) and glutamine (from organic-acids) which were negatively associated with IMF. IMF-associated metabolites predicted 49% of the variability in the actual IMF in the test set of the random half of the population (50%, n= 144). Conclusion: Identification of the unique metabolomics features associated with IMF may improve our understanding of key biological alterations of muscle during aging.
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18

Yan, Zhiqiang, Tereza Jerabkova, Pavel Kroupa i Alejandro Vazdekis. "Chemical evolution of elliptical galaxies with a variable IMF". Astronomy & Astrophysics 629 (wrzesień 2019): A93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936029.

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Growing evidence in recent years suggests a systematic variation of the stellar initial mass function (IMF), being top-heavy for starburst galaxies and possibly bottom-heavy for massive ellipticals. Galaxy chemical evolution simulations adopting an invariant canonical IMF face difficulty in simultaneously reproducing the metallicity and α-enhancement of the massive elliptical galaxies. Applying a variable IMF that changes with time is a promising solution, however, it is non-trivial to couple a variable IMF theory with the existing galaxy evolution codes. Here we present the first open source simulation code which recalculates the galaxy-wide IMF at each time step according to the integrated galactic IMF (IGIMF) theory where the galaxy-wide IMF depends on the galactic star formation rate and metallicity. The resulting galaxy-wide IMF and metal abundance evolve with time. With this pilot work, we explore the effect of the IGIMF theory on galaxy chemical evolution in comparison with an invariant IMF.
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19

Smith, Matthew C. "The sensitivity of stellar feedback to IMF averaging versus IMF sampling in galaxy formation simulations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502, nr 4 (5.02.2021): 5417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab291.

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ABSTRACT Galaxy formation simulations frequently use initial mass function (IMF) averaged feedback prescriptions, where star particles are assumed to represent single stellar populations that fully sample the IMF. This approximation breaks down at high mass resolution, where stochastic variations in stellar populations become important. We discuss various schemes to populate star particles with stellar masses explicitly sampled from the IMF. We use Monte Carlo numerical experiments to examine the ability of the schemes to reproduce an input IMF in an unbiased manner while conserving mass. We present our preferred scheme which can easily be added to pre-existing star formation prescriptions. We then carry out a series of high-resolution isolated simulations of dwarf galaxies with supernovae (SNe), photoionization, and photoelectric heating to compare the differences between using IMF averaged feedback and explicitly sampling the IMF. We find that if SNe are the only form of feedback, triggering individual SNe from IMF averaged rates gives identical results to IMF sampling. However, we find that photoionization is more effective at regulating star formation when IMF averaged rates are used, creating more, smaller H ii regions than the rare, bright sources produced by IMF sampling. We note that the increased efficiency of the IMF averaged feedback versus IMF sampling is not necessarily a general trend and may be reversed depending on feedback channel, resolution and other details. However, IMF sampling is always the more physically motivated approach. We conservatively suggest that it should be used for star particles less massive than $\sim 500\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$.
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20

Kim, Young Geun, Sung Ho Yoon, Jae Wook Oh, Dae Hwan Kim i Keun Cheol Lee. "Comparison of intermaxillary fixation techniques for mandibular fractures with focus on patient experience". Archives of Craniofacial Surgery 23, nr 1 (20.02.2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2021.00549.

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Background: Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) is a technique that allows for the reduction and stabilization of mandibular fractures. Several methods of IMF, such as self-tapping screws or arch bars, have been developed. This study aimed to validate the usefulness of IMF with a self-tapping screw compared to IMF with arch bars with focus on the patients’ perspective.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who were treated for mandibular fractures at our hospital between August 2014 and February 2021. A total of 57 patients were enrolled in this study. Thirteen patients were excluded from the analysis: three patients were lost to follow-up, and 10 patients did not undergo IMF. Finally, 44 patients were analyzed, of which 31 belonged to the arch bar group, and 13 belonged to the screw group. Patient discomfort and pain during IMF application and removal were analyzed using a patient self-assessment questionnaire. The surgeon also assessed oral hygiene, IMF stability, and occlusion.Results: We applied IMF to 34 men (77%) and 10 women (23%). The mean age of the patients was 37.3 years. The most common fracture site was the angle (30%), followed by the parasymphysis (25%), the body (23%), the condyle (11%), and the ramus (11%). Patient discomfort and oral hygiene were statistically favorable in the screw group. The IMF application time was statistically shorter in the screw group (p< 0.001). IMF stability was not statistically different between the two groups. The pain score during IMF removal was lower in the screw group (p< 0.001).Conclusion: Compared to arch bars, IMF screws provide more comfort during the IMF period, help maintain favorable oral hygiene, and have a shorter application time. From the patient’s perspective, IMF screws are an excellent alternative to conventional arch bars when applicable.
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Kim, Young Geun, Sung Ho Yoon, Jae Wook Oh, Dae Hwan Kim i Keun Cheol Lee. "Comparison of intermaxillary fixation techniques for mandibular fractures with focus on patient experience". Archives of Craniofacial Surgery 23, nr 1 (20.02.2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2021.00542.

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Background: Intermaxillary fixation (IMF) is a technique that allows for the reduction and stabilization of mandibular fractures. Several methods of IMF, such as self-tapping screws or arch bars, have been developed. This study aimed to validate the usefulness of IMF with a self-tapping screw compared to IMF with arch bars with focus on the patients’ perspective.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients who were treated for mandibular fractures at our hospital between August 2014 and February 2021. A total of 57 patients were enrolled in this study. Thirteen patients were excluded from the analysis: three patients were lost to follow-up, and 10 patients did not undergo IMF. Finally, 44 patients were analyzed, of which 31 belonged to the arch bar group, and 13 belonged to the screw group. Patient discomfort and pain during IMF application and removal were analyzed using a patient self-assessment questionnaire. The surgeon also assessed oral hygiene, IMF stability, and occlusion.Results: We applied IMF to 34 men (77%) and 10 women (23%). The mean age of the patients was 37.3 years. The most common fracture site was the angle (30%), followed by the parasymphysis (25%), the body (23%), the condyle (11%), and the ramus (11%). Patient discomfort and oral hygiene were statistically favorable in the screw group. The IMF application time was statistically shorter in the screw group (<i>p</i>< 0.001). IMF stability was not statistically different between the two groups. The pain score during IMF removal was lower in the screw group (<i>p</i>< 0.001).Conclusion: Compared to arch bars, IMF screws provide more comfort during the IMF period, help maintain favorable oral hygiene, and have a shorter application time. From the patient’s perspective, IMF screws are an excellent alternative to conventional arch bars when applicable.
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22

Hensler, Gerhard, Patrick Steyrleithner i Simone Recchi. "Star formation at low rates - the impact of lacking massive stars on stellar feedback". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S321 (marzec 2016): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316011261.

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AbstractDue to their low masses dwarf galaxies experience low star-formation rates resulting in stellar cluster masses insufficient to fill the initial mass function (IMF) to the uppermost mass. Numerical simulations usually do not account for the completeness of the IMF, but treat a filed IMF by numbers, masses, and stellar feedback by fractions. To ensure that only entire stars are formed, we consider an IMF filled from the lower-mass regime and truncated where at least one entire massive star is formed.By 3D simulations we investigate the effects of two possible IMFs on the evolution of dwarf galaxies: filled vs. truncated IMF. For the truncated IMF the star-formation self-regulation is suppressed, while the energy release by typeII supernovae is larger, both compared to the filled IMF. Moreover, the abundance ratios of particular elements yielded from massive and intermediate-mass stars differ significantly between the two IMF distributions.
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23

"IMF Deals". Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 43, nr 12 (luty 2007): 17222A—17222B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2007.00684.x.

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"IMF Reviews". Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 45, nr 9 (30.10.2008): 17992A—17992C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2008.01947.x.

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"IMF News". Transactions of the IMF 85, nr 2 (marzec 2007): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/imf.2007.85.2.59.

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"Africa - IMF". Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 48, nr 6 (sierpień 2011): 19164A—19165C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2011.04001.x.

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"AFRICA - IMF". Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 50, nr 2 (kwiecień 2013): 19880A—19880B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2013.05039.x.

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"Africa - IMF". Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series 50, nr 7 (wrzesień 2013): 20059C. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6346.2013.05299.x.

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"IMF News". Transactions of the IMF 84, nr 1 (styczeń 2006): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591906x101196.

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"IMF News". Transactions of the IMF 84, nr 3 (maj 2006): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591906x114480.

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"IMF News". Transactions of the IMF 84, nr 4 (lipiec 2006): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591906x124001.

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"IMF news". Transactions of the IMF 84, nr 5 (wrzesień 2006): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591906x124083.

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"IMF news". Transactions of the IMF 85, nr 1 (styczeń 2007): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591907x166987.

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"IMF News". Transactions of the IMF 85, nr 3 (maj 2007): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591907x192311.

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"IMF News". Transactions of the IMF 85, nr 4 (lipiec 2007): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591907x192375.

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"IMF News". Transactions of the IMF 85, nr 6 (listopad 2007): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591907x246393.

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"IMF news". Transactions of the IMF 84, nr 6 (listopad 2006): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/17459190x151065.

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"IMF news". Transactions of the IMF 88, nr 3 (maj 2010): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591910x12706555928472.

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"IMF news". Transactions of the IMF 88, nr 5 (wrzesień 2010): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591910x12810166049744.

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"IMF news". Transactions of the IMF 88, nr 6 (listopad 2010): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591910x12857676069989.

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"IMF news". Transactions of the IMF 89, nr 2 (marzec 2011): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591911x12978498010625.

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"IMF news". Transactions of the IMF 89, nr 3 (maj 2011): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174591911x13021041751971.

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"IMF eLibrary". Reference Reviews 28, nr 8 (14.10.2014): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr-06-2014-0156.

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"IMF Survey". IMF Survey 36, nr 1 (2007): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451938135.023.a001.

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"IMF Survey". IMF Survey 36, nr 2 (2007): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451938180.023.a001.

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"IMF Survey". IMF Survey 36, nr 3 (2007): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451938203.023.a001.

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"IMF Survey". IMF Survey 36, nr 4 (2007): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451938234.023.a001.

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"IMF Survey". IMF Survey 36, nr 5 (2007): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451938272.023.a001.

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"IMF Survey". IMF Survey 36, nr 6 (2007): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451938319.023.a001.

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"IMF Survey". IMF Survey 36, nr 7 (2007): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451938357.023.a001.

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