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1
Arabaci, Mehmet Cengiz. "The IMF and the catalytic effect do IMF agreements improve access to international financial markets? /". Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/646196889/viewonline.
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2
Sallander, Dan. "IMF conditionality, nationellt ägandeskap och statssuveränitet". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-74403.
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Detta är en teoretisk uppsats som jämför ett antal olika relevanta teoretikers problematisering av begreppen IMF conditionality, nationellt ägandeskap och statssuveränitet samt dessa teoretikers syn på relationen mellan dessa. Jag har analyserat innehållet i ett antal olika litterära källor och jag refererar till ett flertal antal teoretiker. De ekonomiska lån som IMF ger till stater är villkorade med åtaganden som mottagarlandet måste uppfylla. Dessa villkor hänvisas ofta till som IMF conditioanlity. Statssuveränitet och nationellt ägandeskap definieras som en stats kontroll av sin egen inhemska politik, i denna uppsats begränsad till att gälla den ekonomiska politiken. Statssuveränitet går att definiera i ett vidare och i ett snävare perspektiv. I den snävare så är det regeringens kontroll av dessa frågor som är avgörande medan det i den bredare handlar om folkets kontroll av dessa frågor. Vissa teoretiker anser att IMF conditionality underminerar statens suveränitet och statens nationella ägandeskap av sin inhemska ekonomiska politik och att dessa villkor därigenom också försvagar folkets möjlighet till självbestämmande. Dessa teoretiker anser med andra ord att staten håller på att förlora kontrollen över den politiska utvecklingen och då staten är det medium genom vilket folket är hänvisat till att utöva inflytande genom allmänna val så undermineras på samma gång folkens möjlighet att påverka den politiska utvecklingen. Statssuvuränitet undermineras således både i snäv och bred definition på grund av IMF conditionality. Vissa teoretiker anser att statssuveränitet endast försvagas i dess bredare och inte i dess snävare genom att folket förlorar i ägandeskap genom att regeringen genom IMF conditionality gör sig i högre grad oberoende av folkets vilja. Ytterligare andra teoretiker försvarar IMF conditionality och hävdar att det hela handlar om ett partnerskap mellan mottagare och givare där låntagarnationen inte har gett upp ägandeskap och att IMF conditionality finns som en garant för att reformerna genomförs på ett effektivt sätt. Mottagarnationen har frivilligt tecknat ett avtal med IMF och har frivilligt gått med på att genomföra dessa reformer så det nationella ägandeskapet har inte förminskats menar dessa teoretiker. Jag kommer i denna uppsats fram till att IMF conditionality de facto har en negativ inverkan på staters nationella ägandeskap och på dessa staters suveränitet både i bred och i snäv definition.
3
Orsi, Maia. "Population synthesis models for IMF studies". Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2014. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4525/.
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Population synthesis models (PSMs) are fundamental tools to study the star formation history and IMF of unresolved stellar populations using spectral features. This work presents a new set of PSMs constructed using theoretical isochrones and two state-ofthe- art synthetic spectral libraries. The BT-Settl and Munari libraries were chosen for their ability to predict the observed values of Lick-type and IMF-sensitive indices in individual stars of the solar neighbourhood. The BT-Settl library was used to sample the cool main sequence stars and the Munari library for the rest of the evolutionary phases. The PSMs cover a range of metallicities with [Fe/H]= 0, -1.31 and -1.81 for scaled-solar and α-enhanced metal mixtures. The models were used to study the behaviour of the IMF indices defined in the literature and the results are in good agreement with what other PSMs have determined. The PSMs in this work predict a strong degeneracy between age, metallicity and IMF. I used the models to study which are the main evolutionary phases contributing to each IMF-sensitive index and found that most indices reach their final integrated values before the turn off. The post-main sequence stars contribute mainly to the continuum of these bands. Uncertainties in the the effective temperature of the isochrones can affect IMF estimates. The PSMs were applied to extragalactic globular clusters (GCs) and early-type galaxies (ETGs) using data from the literature. I determined the ages, metallicities and IMFs of these systems using index combinations in the optical and infrared. I explored how the morphology of the Horizontal Branch (HB) and dynamical evolution (which are key uncertainties in the modelling of GCs) can affect the IMF predictions. In a population with a Milky Way IMF, dynamical evolution can make the IMF indices mimic a bottom-light IMF. HB morphology has no impact on the IMF estimates at low [Fe/H]. In the IMF index-index diagrams for GCs, the results are significantly affected by the unknown sodium abundances of these systems. Using the PSMs in this work the best index combination to determine the IMF is CaH1 and TiO2. The ETGs and the [Fe/H]=0 GCs appear to have a bottom-heavy IMF with x ~ 3:0. These results are discussed in the work.
4
Woo, Byungwon. "The Strategic Politics of IMF Conditionality". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275420293.
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5
Baechel, Nicholas J. "RELIEF AGENCY, HEGEMON, OR FAILURE? AN EVALUATION OF THE IMF AS CRISIS MANAGER". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1163097350.
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6
Hickson, Kevin Arthur. "The 1976 IMF crisis and British politics". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250108.
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7
White, Tristram Benedict Thirkell. "Legitimating the IMF lessons from the Asian crisis /". Thesis, Online version, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.420485.
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8
Brolin, Daniel, Christoffer Matsson i Christer Norén. "Ingripande mot folkmassa : Polisens nya taktik vid IMF". Thesis, Umeå University, Basic training programme for Police Officers, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-27177.
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Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka hur den nya särskilda taktiken vid ingripande mot folkmassa (IMF) kommer att se ut. Eftersom det här arbetssättet är så pass nytt och ännu inte trätt ikraft, har det mesta av materialet som vi tagit del av kommit från en RPS-rapport som utarbetats av personer i den nationella arbetsgruppen, samt från en intervju med en person som kommer att beröras av resultatet i rapporten. Vi har utifrån materialet valt att begränsa oss till fem frågeställningar, varför vill man byta från den gamla IMF till den nya särskilda taktiken, vilka är förändringarna i taktiken, vilka förändringar införs i polismannens kroppsskyddsutrustning, vilka förändringar införs beträffande de fordon som används, vilken nytta skulle ett maskeringsförbud göra?. Med detta bakgrundsmaterial så har vi kommit fram till att huvudskälet till varför RPS vill byta taktik, är att förhindra att nya situationer uppstår likt den som inträffade i Göteborg 2001. För att åstadkomma den ökade beredskapen som detta kräver, ska kompetensen på de polismän som är verksamma vid dessa ingripanden höjas genom utbildningar i olika nivåer.
9
Hack, Adeesha. "Global lies, the World Bank, IMF and poverty". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ59114.pdf.
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10
Al-Ajlani, Riad. "Some issues regarding IMF and Third World relations". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261828.
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11
Lowery, Gary. "Constructing continuity in economic ideas in the IMF". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12667/.
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12
Wang, Jue. "The People's Republic of China and the IMF". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2014. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/65113/.
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This thesis looks into the relationship between the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) since the PRC regained its IMF membership in 1980. It initially analyzes the China-IMF relationship with socialization theoretical framework, attempting to explore how the IMF has socialized China into accepting neoliberal international economic norms. The research borrows Alastair Johnston’s ‘microprocesses’ of socialization to assess the processes of IMF socialization via financial assistance, technical assistance, and surveillance and policy advice for China. The research shows socialization has taken place to a moderate degree, as IMF programs have had some impacts on China’s domestic economic and financial liberalization. Yet no evidence shows the IMF has convinced China to fully redefine its economic principles and norms. Socialization turns out to be an inadequate analytical approach to analyzing the China-IMF relationship in the long run. The research continues with a supplementary theoretical framework: principal-agent theory. Principal-agent theory overcomes some of the technical deficiencies in socialization theory, and helps us understand more thoroughly China’s role in the IMF and the governance of international financial economy in general in the long run. China is regarded as the principal, and the IMF as China’s international organization agent. Driven by its objective of acquiring a larger influence in the governance of international financial economy, China delegates several tasks to the IMF so that the Fund can accomplish these tasks more efficiently than if China took other cooperative or unilateral approaches. China-IMF interactions are assessed following a four-stage analytical approach based upon the key concepts of principal-agent theory. China’s and the IMF’s institutional features and functions are examined as important factors of the China-IMF relationship. They include China’s preferences regarding IMF operation, China’s role in IMF governance, and China’s impact among IMF staff. Based on this examination, the consequences of China’s delegation of tasks to the IMF are assessed. This dissertation indicates that the IMF plays a limited role in assisting China to access larger influence in the governance of international financial economy, because of the IMF’s westerndominated staffing rules, unbalanced governance structure, preference deviation from China, inadequate resources, and China’s incapability to facilitate strict controls on the IMF. The thesis contributes to the so far thin literature on the China-IMF relationship with selected case studies such as IMF Article IV Consultation for China, China’s role in IMF quota and voting share reforms, IMF staff with Chinese nationality, and so on. The research provides a model for analyzing the relationship between China and international organizations with a combination of socialization and principal-agent theoretical frameworks. Last but not least, it extends the research subject of principal-agent theory in international organization Studies to include an emerging market economy state as the principal, which correctly implies the increasing influence of emerging market economies in the governance of international political economy.
13
Gardner, Jennifer Lynn. "IMF Conditionality and Political Dissent in Developing Nations". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42591.
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Conditionality refers to the program policies required by international institutions, such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF), in order for countries to be eligible to receive access to resources provided by such institutions. In the case of the IMF these resources are available in the form of loans. The proper role of conditionality as a component of the Fundâ s financial arrangements with developing nations has been a topic of debate in both the political science and economic fields of study. On the political science side the argument has centered on whether or not austere and structural conditionality can in effect cause political dissent in the developing nations, and whether or not the process of conditionality violates the sovereign rights of nations. In this research study three Latin American countries (Brazil, Argentina, and Costa Rica) were utilized as case studies to try and determine whether or not their was a casual link between the implementation of IMF conditionality and instances of political dissent manifested as protests, riots, and strikes. Evidence of political dissent directly related to the implementation of IMF conditionality was found in all three case studies at varying levels. The instances of political dissent were then analyzed individually and as a group to try and determine specific cause, group dynamics, and the economic context in which they took place. The study concluded that as practiced in the 1990s and early 2000s conditionality can interfere with the democratic process in developing nations.Master of Arts
14
Abdo, Dina Taha Hussien. "Effects of IMF Conditional Loans on Gender Equality". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu162086139444451.
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15
Паньків, Надія, i Nadiia Pankiv. "Cooperation of Ukraine and IMF: pros and cons". Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43561.
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Today, Ukraine is facing huge challenges not only with the COVID-19 pan-demic, but also the slowdown in the global economy, the escalation of trade, econom-ic and price wars, and the unfolding global financial and economic crisis. If in January of this year the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine attracted 1.25 billion euros of credit at just under 4.375% per annum, then a month later foreign investors started to leave Ukraine. Currently, our country can receive loans from the IMF, the World Bank and the European Union.
16
Williams, Douglas M. "The low mass IMF in young open clusters". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187410.
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We present the results of the investigation of the Initial Mass Function at the end of the Main Sequence in young open clusters. We find that over a large range in age and environment the IMFs are similar to each other, and to recent determinations of the field star IMF. We have obtained V, I, and K band photometry of fields in the three relatively unembedded open clusters. The photometry reaches down to various masses in ech cluster: 0.08Mʘ for Praesepe, 0.04Mʘ for the Pleiades, and 0.15Mʘ for NGC 7160. We compare the methods for estimating the masses of young, embedded stars developed by Comeron et al. (1993) and by Strom et al. (1995) and show them to be in good agreement. Spectra in the 2 11m region of six low mass objects from Comeron et al. (1993) are also in agreement with the mass estimates using these methods. The spectrum of a brown dwarf candidate is used to place an upper limit on its mass of 60% of the minimum required for hydrogen burning. The IMFs from these four clusters plus NGC 2024 (Cameron et al. (1995)) are shown to be in agreement with each other. The composite MF can be fitted with a power law between 0.04 and 0.5Mʘ with a slope of -0.75 ± 0.3. There is no evidence for a cutoff at the bottom of the main sequence (0.08Mʘ); brown dwarfs appear to be abundant in open clusters. However, the slope of the MF is well above the value of ≲ -2 required for very low mass stars and brown dwarfs to contribute a significant portion of the mass of open clusters. The composite cluster MF also is in agreement with recent determinations of the field star IMF for stellar masses. The field star data do not extend into the brown dwarf range; however, if we extrapolate in accordance with the cluster MF, we conclude that brown dwarfs probably do not contribute significantly to the dark matter.
17
Ladeira, Carlos Eduardo de Almeida. "Fiscal adjustment, conditionality and politics in IMF programs". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13644.
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A common feature in programs of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the use of conditionalities, macroeconomic and structural measures that a requesting country should adopt to obtain an assistance package. The objective of this work is to conduct an empirical analysis of the economic and political determinants of such conditionalities. In particular, our main contribution consists in the development of a new measure of conditionality, fiscal adjustment, and its comparison with the most used in the literature, the number of conditions. We choose fiscal adjustment because it is an adequate proxy for program austerity, since its implementation carries economic and political costs. In the empirical exercise, we use data from 184 programs in the period of 1999 and 2012, and estimate how our two measures of conditionalities respond to the economic and political factors. Our results suggest that they are quite different. The main determinant of the number of conditions is the political proximity of the borrowing country to the Fund’s major shareholders, the members of G5. On the other hand, the main determinant of fiscal adjustment is the size of the government fiscal deficit. Finally, we did not find correlation between the size of fiscal adjustment and the number of conditions. These results suggest that the analysis of the content of IMF programs should take into account the different measures of agreed conditionality.
Uma característica comum nos programas do Fundo Monetário Internacional (FMI) é a utilização de condicionalidades, medidas macroeconômicas e estruturais que o país demandante deve adotar para obter um pacote de assistência. Neste trabalho, o objetivo é conduzir uma análise empírica dos determinantes econômicos e políticos das condicionalidades. Em particular, nossa principal contribuição consiste na construção de uma nova medida de condicionalidade, o ajuste fiscal, e a comparação desta com a mais utilizada na literatura, qual seja, o número de condicionalidades. Escolhemos o ajuste fiscal pois trata-se de uma medida adequada da austeridade de um programa, já que sua implementação acarreta custos econômicos e políticos para o país. No exercício empírico, utilizamos dados de 184 programas no período de 1999 a 2012, e estimamos como as nossas duas medidas de condicionalidades respondem aos fatores econômicos e políticos. Nossos resultados indicam que elas são de fato diferentes. Por um lado, o principal determinante do número de condicionalidades é a proximidade política do país tomador do empréstimo com os principais membros do Fundo, os países do G5. Por outro, a principal motivação do ajuste fiscal é o tamanho do déficit do governo. Por fim, não encontramos correlação entre o tamanho do ajuste fiscal e o número de condicionalidades. Tais resultados sugerem que a análise dos termos dos programas do FMI deve levar em conta os diferentes tipos de condicionalidades que são acordadas.
18
Magalhães, Paula Karine Ribas. "IMF Seniority as a compromise for affordable debt". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18279.
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Este artigo trata do papel do Fundo Monetário Internacional como um agente sênior, fato observado empiricamente. Um agente soberano sujeito a um choque estocástico deve tomar emprestado para suavizar seu consumo. O mercado financeiro internacional oferece seus fundos, contudo cobra um prêmio por dividir o risco sobre o choque com o governo. O FMI, embora sênior, empresta a uma taxa menor. Encontramos as condições sob as quais a presença do FMI em tal mercado é relevante e positiva ao agente emprestador. Tais condições dependerão do tamanho do prêmio de risco cobrado, que em nossa análise é dado exogenamente.
This paper addresses the role of the International Monetary Fund in the international monetary economy as a senior agent, as observed empirically. A sovereign agent subject to a stochastic shock must borrow to smooth out consumption. The international financial market offers fund, however it charges a premium for sharing the risk over the shock with the government. The IMF, however senior, lends at a lower rate. Hence, the sovereign government must choose its borrower. We find conditions under which the IMF presence in such market is relevant and positive to the borrowing agent. Such conditions will depend on the size of the risk premium charged, which in our analysis will be exogenously given
19
Basetse, HR, G. Lecatsas i JSJ Odendaal. "Rapid identification and typing of enterovirus isolates". Journal of Medical Technology SA, 2004. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000941.
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The use of the neutralisation assay in the serotyping of unknown enterovirus isolates has been successfully applied for years since
its description by Lim and Benyesh-Melnick1. However, the procedure is labour-intensive and time consuming. In addition, the continuous
depletion of the Benyesh-Melnick sera makes it prohibitive for most diagnostic laboratories to continue using the assay.
Owing to these factors, a majority of laboratories only type for the polioviruses and report any other enterovirus isolate as “a nonpolio
enterovirus”. With this approach, however, important findings such as the isolation of a new enterovirus or association of a
known enterovirus with a new clinical syndrome will remain unidentified.
In this study, a multiple-serum-pools approach similar to that described by Lim and Benyesh-Melnick1 (LBM) for the neutralisation
test, was applied in an immunofluorescence (IMF) test for the rapid serotyping of enteroviruses. This test was able to type any
unknown enterovirus isolate belonging to the different enterovirus serotypes tested in this study, in about three hours as compared to
the eight days currently taken by the LBM neutralisation test1.
20
Kencebay, Betul. "Imf Stabilization Packages And Development: Argentina In The 1990". Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607847/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the IMF stabilization packages and how those packages may affect the development. In order to explain the applications of the Packages, Argentine case is discussed for the period of 1990&rsquos. By analyzing the theories behind the IMF Stabilization packages, it is aimed to explain the conditionalities, actions and results, as could be observed in Argentine case.
21
Laobooncharoen, Nontaporn. "IMF conditionality : imposition or ownership? : the case of Egypt". Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3032/.
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Since its establishment, the IMF has been subject to constant interest from both academic circles and the media. Of the three types of the IMF's functions (regulatory, consultative, and financial), the latter - particularly the provision of temporary balance of payments support in the upper tranches with high conditionality - appear to have gained most of this interest. The fundamental and controversial feature of the IMF's financial assistance is found in the concept of conditionality, which is the subject matter of this study. Critics often point out that IMF conditionality is imposed upon borrowing countries against their will. However, the IMF and its supporters have responded with the notion of ownership of IMF conditionality. This study focuses upon this controversy. The research investigates the controversial nature of IMF conditionality with a case study of Egypt. In particular, it deals with the issue of imposition-ownership. Unlike the two opposing schools which see the nature of IMF conditionality as a matter of either imposition or ownership, the study argues that IMF conditionality can involve both elements. In capturing such a perspective regarding the nature of IMF conditionality, the study utilises the notion of the linear spectrum, at the opposing ends of which the elements of imposition and ownership are located. Their relative degrees can be assessed through the negotiation process rather than focusing on either the initial position of the parties or the final outcome. The nature of IMF conditionality can be examined with the aid of the concept of power, which distinguishes between resources and application. The relative power of the party can, in turn, help determine the degree of imposition and ownership on the imposition-ownership spectrum. The study further suggests that relative degrees of power, and the consequent location on the imposition- ownership spectrum, are not static but may vary during the course of negotiations, or indeed between negotiations.
22
Lieberman, Kenneth R. "Reforming a nation : implications of IMF conditionality on Russia /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FLieberman.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affirs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Robert McNab, Karen Guttieri, Robert Looney. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-67). Also available online.
23
Oberdabernig, Doris Anita. "Revisiting the Effects of IMF Programs on Poverty and Inequality". Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.01.033.
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Investigating how lending programs of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) affect poverty and inequality, we explicitly address model uncertainty. We control for
endogenous selection into IMF programs using data on 86 low- and middle income countries for the 1982-2009 period and analyze program effects on various poverty
and inequality measures. The results rely on averaging over 90 specifications of treatment effect models and indicate adverse short-run effects of IMF agreements
on poverty and inequality for the whole sample, while for a 2000-2009 subsample the results are reversed. There is evidence that significant short-run effects might
disappear in the long-run. (author's abstract)
24
Egger-Bovet, Nicholas. "IMF Conditionality, Fiscal Policy, and Income Inequality in Latin America". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/254.
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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the leading international economic crisis manager, but the effects of its loans and conditionality reach far beyond overarching macroeconomic indicators. This paper will examine the consequences of IMF fiscal policy conditions on income inequality and poverty by examining cases in Latin America, and specifically Mexico during the 1980s. The role that internal politics within borrowing countries plays is also closely examined. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for the IMF to ensure the most equitable and effective means of overcoming balance of payments crises.
25
Oberdabernig, Doris Anita. "Revisiting the Effects of IMF Programs on Poverty and Inequality". WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3609/3/wp144.pdf.
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Investigating how lending programs of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) affect poverty and inequality, we explicitly address model uncertainty. We control for endogenous selection into IMF programs using data on 86 low- and middle income countries for the 1982-2009 period and analyze program effects on various poverty and inequality measures. The results rely on averaging over 90 specifications of treatment effect models and indicate adverse short-run effects of IMF agreements on poverty and inequality for the whole sample, while for a 2000-2009 subsample the results are reversed. There is evidence that significant short-run effects might disappear in the long-run. (author's abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
26
Christiansen, William Thomas. "Challenging Neoliberal Conditionality: Tracing IMF Lending Policies from 2007-2012". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23266.
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The conditionality agreements of the International Monetary Fund have received a significant amount of criticism from the 1980s and 1990s and into the 2000s. Critics have found little reassurance from the IMF\'s attempts to reform conditionality after 2000. The 1980s marked a time where conditionality on IMF loans required structural adjustment and the imposition of austere fiscal measures. The streamlining initiative in 2000 possessed only slight quantitative modification to lending conditionality. However, recent changes in the Fund\'s lending policy occuring between 2007 and 2012 may finally display the institution\'s ability to listen, learn, and adapt policy toward a conditionality regime utilizing policy outside of the neoliberal framework. This thesis examines these new policies and their implications for neoliberalism where the term represents an approach to economic growth that demands privatization, deregulation, and weakening the role of the public sector. It provides a history of conditionality reforms and positions the most recent reforms in lending policy in the evolving neoliberal context.Master of Arts
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Widén, Martin. "In Search of Legitimacy - The IMF, World Bank and WTO". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21224.
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In the light of rising criticism and debate over the legitimacy and accountability of the central international economic institutions, the IMF, World Bank, and WTO, some developments can be seen in how these organizations are reacting to such criticism to improve their legitimacy. The study is comparative in character and aims to explain how these organizations are changing and why this change is occurring now as well as why there are differences in how the three organizations are developing. In taking a constructivist approach to the study of international organizations as actors, it is argued that an understanding of international organizations as bureaucracies with varying degrees of autonomy will contribute to a deeper understanding of their behaviour. The role, mission, and organization of the three organizations is discussed, followed by critique relating to representation and influence for share- and stakeholders, as well as problems of transparency and accountability. Relevant changes in the organizations include increased transparency and use of evaluations, and an increased contact with NGOs. It is argued that NGOs have been an important influencing factor on this development, but also important is the fact that central states have begun to argue for similar changes. These issues have now become important questions in the organizations. The differing roles and character of the organizations has meant that they have responded differently to criticism and have been more or less open to NGOs. Their bureaucratic culture is seen to influence how these issues are interpreted in the organizations. The World Bank has developed the most while the IMF and the WTO have been slower to respond to criticism and engage with NGOs. Significantly these changes arguably amount to a change in what legitimacy means for these organizations.
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Bresolin, Fabio 1966. "Star forming regions and the IMF along the Hubble sequence". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288720.
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This thesis examines the properties of star forming regions in galaxies across the Hubble sequence. It focuses on the stellar populations of giant extragalactic H scII regions and OB associations, addressing in particular the question of Initial Mass Function (IMF) variations with metallicity and/or galaxy morphology. This work is composed of three main sections: (a) 3650-10,000 Å spectroscopy of nearly 100 H scII regions in 20 spiral galaxies (Sa through Sm). Two indicators of the ionizing cluster effective temperature (T ͙) are analyzed: the intensity of the He I λ5876 line, and the 'radiation softness' parameter η = (O⁺O⁺⁺)/(S⁺S⁺⁺). The interpretation of the data relies on CLOUDY photoionization models. A positive T ͙ gradient of 7000-8000 K is found between 2 Z(⊙) and 0.2 Z(⊙). The diagnostic diagrams and the T ͙ - metallicity relation are consistent with an upper mass limit of the IMF of ∼100 M(⊙) and an age of ∼1 Myr, irrespective of chemical abundance or Hubble type. (b) An investigation of extragalactic OB associations, based on Hubble Space Telescope images. The size distribution of the associations (found with an automated search algorithm) is similar in all galaxies examined, with a mean size around 80 pc. An indication is found that the average number of bright blue stars depends on the parent galaxy Hubble type. The upper stellar V luminosity function is comparable among galaxies, with slope d log N/dMᵥ=0.61±0.03. A few star cluster candidates are identified. (c) UBVR and Hα photometry of 266 H II regions in 10 spiral galaxies (Sa through Sd). The Hα equivalent width is independent of Hubble type. The continuum and Hα luminosity functions show similar trends, namely a steeper slope and a smaller characteristic luminosity for early-type galaxies. These results lead to the conclusion that changes in the properties of H II regions and associations along the Hubble sequence are most likely due to variations in the number of stars per star forming region and in the number of regions per unit area, rather than the mass function.
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Hailu, Degol. "IMF macroeconomic stabilisation and adjustment programmes : rhetoric, scholarship and policy". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2004. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28927/.
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This thesis is about the macroeconomics of IMF stabilisation and adjustment programs which, according to official statements, are designed to "get macroeconomic fundamentals right and dismantle government-imposed distortions or put in place various institutional features of a modem market economy". From the resulting macroeconomic stability and market liberalisation, high rates of growth and reduction in poverty are to be achieved. However, experience has shown without a doubt the inadequacy of IMF programs to achieve these objectives. This thesis argues the failure lies in the IMF's underlying view of state-society relations. The IMF introduced the original financial programming (FP) model, but has since picked up neoclassical supply-side theory to address long-term structural issues. However, both in absolute terms and relative to concomitant best practice, the macroeconomic theory and rationale underlying IMF programmes have been inadequate, especially in the context of developmental needs beyond low inflation and positive growth rates. IMF programmes have failed to link the short run measures with long run objectives, and are totally inappropriate for addressing issues of structural transformation as the Ethiopian and Ugandan case studies demonstrate. Despite justifiable criticisms as well as inconclusive empirical work on the impact of its programmes, the IMF's response is increasingly to search for developments in neo-liberal political theory to vindicate its standpoint. Interest-group pressure and lack of political commitment are seen as causes of failure and policy non-adoption, which have left the major weaknesses of the programmes unexposed. Zealous approach to financial austerity and neglect of systematic intervention and the specificities attached to individual countries have set aside the developmental role of the state, despite conclusive evidence that it has contributed to industrialisation in other parts of the world, not least East Asia. Under the guise of being faithful to the market, IMF programmes are smokescreens behind which highly interventionist policies alter state-society relations, yielding a set of confusing paradigms in the study of development.
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Tenney, Sarah. "Through the lens of surveillance : the IMF as a public institution /". Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1913296541&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1278699935&clientId=22256.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Mississippi, 2007.Typescript. Vita. "March 20, 2007." Major professor: Timothy Nordstrom Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-147). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users.
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Apps, Peter, i n/a. "Debt Crises, IMF Policies and Structural Inequality in the Third World". Griffith University. School of Humanities, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20031010.143327.
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The neo-liberal policies of liberalization and deregulation, as utilized by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in its dealings with countries of the developing world, tend to facilitate the conditions for financial crisis. This can be traced by examining the economic crises of Mexico in 1982 and 1994/95, Asia in 1997 and Russia in 1998 and looking at the main causes and triggers of these crises. It is evident that the financial vulnerability that these countries suffered from existed due to, and not in spite of, these policy prescriptions. The IMF continues to present these policies as proven successes - a view that this dissertation contests. Further to this, the policies that the Fund uses are formulated for use in semi-peripheral economies and have little relationship to the actual economic environments of peripheral countries such as those of sub-Saharan Africa or Papua New Guinea. The ideology of free-markets and globalization is seen as unassailable by the IMF. By encouraging countries to remain part of the global financial system through debt rescheduling and open-markets policies, the IMF holds an increasingly fragile economic environment together. This dissertation formulates and tests four hypotheses in relation to Mexico, Asia, Russia and Papua New Guinea and the periphery. These are - (1) If there are periods of 'irrational exuberance' among investors in Third World debt, these are likely to contribute to debt crises. (2) If IMF policies are implemented in the Third World as dictated, then their primary benefits will accrue to the elites in those countries and in the developed world. (3) If Third World countries open their economies to foreign capital, then they are more likely to experience debt crises. (4) If IMF policies are implemented in peripheral countries, then they are even less likely to be successful than in semi-peripheral countries.
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Bagci, Pinar Zeynep. "The impact of IMF stabilisation programmes in developing and transition economies". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311119.
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Kwakye, J. K. "IMF stabilisation programmes and developing countries : A case study of Ghana". Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376778.
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Díaz-Cassou, Javier. "The causes and consequences of IMF interventions in the Southern Cone". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/591/.
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The International Monetary Fund has often been accused of adopting a one-size-fits-all approach to the resolution of financial crises. However, its programs present substantial differences in terms of their relative size and conditionality among other characteristics. This dissertation examines the causes and consequences of this variation through the lenses of two cases in which the contrast between the Fund´s interventions was particularly marked: Argentina and Uruguay during the period that surrounds the financial crash of 2001-02. The first part of this study analyses the determinants of these multilateral interventions through an adaptation of Robert Puntam´s two level games, exploring the way in which national politics interacted with international priorities to produce distinct outcomes in Argentina and Uruguay. The two experiences confirm that domestic ratification processes impose significant constraints on the negotiation of IMF programs, potentially conferring localized bargaining advantages to borrowing governments. Beyond a certain point, however, an intensification of these ratification constraints can result in a suspension of the Fund´s support, after which borrowers´ bargaining position weakens dramatically. That this point of rupture was reached in Argentina but not in Uruguay was due primarily to the different propensity to cooperate exhibited by political actors in these two countries, itself the product of certain institutional conditions such as the strength of their systems of checks and balances or a varying distribution of veto power. In turn, the second part of this thesis applies a hypothetical counterfactual approach to assess the consequences of the multilateral decisions adopted during the 2001-02 crisis in the Southern Cone. Although the contrast between the suspension of the Argentine program in December 2001 and the Uruguayan bailout of August 2002 had surprisingly modest macroeconomic consequences, its impact on politics and institutions was profound both in the short and in the medium-term. As a result of these findings, this dissertation argues that a better understanding of the implications of multilateral crisis resolution loans on the political economy of the countries concerned is still needed.
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Berolsky, Nuno Goncalo. "An evaluation of IMF structural adjustment programmes : lessons for South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002668.
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The mixed results of International Monetary Fund structural adjustment programmes in less developed countries are a major motivation for this research. Explanations must be advanced as to what may inhibit the success of such programmes. South Africa has often found itself in a precarious position- with a deteriorating balance of payments, a position similar to other countries that have accepted IMF loans. Furthermore, South Africa undertook an IMF loan in 1993. Financial support from the IMF incorporates structural adjustment programmes. These may include measures such as tighter monetary policy, reduction in the budget deficit, exchange rate devaluation and ceilings on domestic credit with increased interest rates (Ferguson, 1988). These policies illustrate the principle of ‘conditionality,’ whereby access to further loans is conditional on certain criteria being met, such as reduced budget deficits and inflation rates. The principle of conditionality has met with a great deal of criticism. Bacha (1987) and Dell (1982) argue that these aggregate demand-reducing conditions more often than not stagnate domestic economies, worsening the balance of payment and result in programme breakdowns. Essentially, they refer to the IMF conditions as ‘unrealistic.’ The IMF denies this, arguing that shortfalls are mainly due to a lack of political commitment to carry out its conditions (Winters, 1994). This issue of conditionality will be examined in detail, using three specific case studies. The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of Brazil, Mexico and Zambia to see whether or not the IMF programmes were successful. Guidelines will be established for South African policy from these case studies. South Africa is trying to adjust to the competitiveness of the international economy. At the same time, the need for reconstruction and development exerts increasing pressures on the balance of payments. Guidelines are established for a successful economic adjustment for South Africa. The research concludes that South Africa is certainly in line for a successful transformation. The rigidities are not as extensive as has been the case in Brazil and Zambia. Institutionally, South Africa is sound. However there are still challenges in this area, such as export diversification and economic stability to attract foreign investment.
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Apps, Peter. "Debt Crises, IMF Policies and Structural Inequality in the Third World". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367067.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The neo-liberal policies of liberalization and deregulation, as utilized by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in its dealings with countries of the developing world, tend to facilitate the conditions for financial crisis. This can be traced by examining the economic crises of Mexico in 1982 and 1994/95, Asia in 1997 and Russia in 1998 and looking at the main causes and triggers of these crises. It is evident that the financial vulnerability that these countries suffered from existed due to, and not in spite of, these policy prescriptions. The IMF continues to present these policies as proven successes - a view that this dissertation contests. Further to this, the policies that the Fund uses are formulated for use in semi-peripheral economies and have little relationship to the actual economic environments of peripheral countries such as those of sub-Saharan Africa or Papua New Guinea. The ideology of free-markets and globalization is seen as unassailable by the IMF. By encouraging countries to remain part of the global financial system through debt rescheduling and open-markets policies, the IMF holds an increasingly fragile economic environment together. This dissertation formulates and tests four hypotheses in relation to Mexico, Asia, Russia and Papua New Guinea and the periphery. These are - (1) If there are periods of 'irrational exuberance' among investors in Third World debt, these are likely to contribute to debt crises. (2) If IMF policies are implemented in the Third World as dictated, then their primary benefits will accrue to the elites in those countries and in the developed world. (3) If Third World countries open their economies to foreign capital, then they are more likely to experience debt crises. (4) If IMF policies are implemented in peripheral countries, then they are even less likely to be successful than in semi-peripheral countries.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities
Full Text
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Auvinen, Juha Yrjö. "Economic performance, adjustment, and political conflict in the developing countries : cross-national statistical analysis of the determinants of political conflict with case study on Chile". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296539.
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Guieu, Sylvain. "Etude de la population substellaire du Taureau : vers une compréhension du mécanisme de formation des naines brunes". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10204.
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Les naines brunes sont des objets froids, pas assez massifs pour brûler l'hydrogène en leur coeur, comme le font les étoiles de façon stable. Nous en connaissons maintenant plusieurs centaines et leur physique est maintenant bien connue, surtout pour les plus vielle d'entre elles, celles du champs de la galaxie. Pourtant la question de leur formation reste toujours ouverte: comment les nuages moléculaires primordiaux peuvent donner naissances à des objets d'aussi faible masse? Quel est l'influence des paramètres physique de ces nuages sur le mode de formation des naines brunes et sur la quantité ainsi créée? La meilleur voie pour répondre a ces questions est d'étudier les naines brunes jeunes, dans des régions de formation stellaire. Nous avons mené un relevé photométrique grand champ qui a couvert 30 deg2 du nuage du Taureau. Ce relevé profond réalisé dans le domaine visible a été combiné avec un relevé infrarouge proche, puis complété par un suivi spectroscopique pour les candidats optiques les plus prometteurs. Dans ce manuscrit de thèse je décris les étapes de réduction et d'analyse de données photométriques et spectroscopiques. Elles nous ont permit de découvrir et de caractériser de nouvelles naines brunes et étoiles de faible masse dans le Taureau. En étudiant l'ensemble des naines brunes du Taureau et en les comparant aux étoiles nous apportons ici de nouvelles contraintes sur la formation des naines brunes et sur la fonction de masse substellaire dans le TaureauBrown dwarf are astrophysic object not enough massif to bum hydrogen like stars. We know now several hundred brown dwarf and their physical properties are now weil understood, specially for the oldest ones, in the galactic field. However, their formation process is always an opened question : how native molecular clouds can form low-masses objects ? How cloud physical parameters lead the brown dwarf formation process and the number of created brown dwarf. Studying brown dwarfs in star forming region is the best way to answer. We conducted a large 30 deg2 optical survey on Taurus. This survey has been combined with a near infrared survey and has been completed by spectroscopic follow-up for most promising candidates. Ln this manuscript I describe reduction and analysis of photometric and spectroscopic data. They allow us to discover and characterise new brown dwarf and very low mass stars in Taurus. Studying the Taurus brown dwarfs and comparing them to stars we find new constrains on brown dwarfformation process and on Taurus substellar IMF
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Mörlein, Daniel. "Bestimmung des intramuskulären Fettgehaltes (IMF) im M. longissimus von Schweinen mittels Ultraschallspektralanalyse". [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975686887.
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Gowen, Claire D. "IMF Conditionality and Armed Civil Conflict: An Analysis of Sub-Saharan Africa". unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08062007-155735/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Carrie L. Manning, committee chair; Scott E. Graves, Charles R. Hankla, committee members. Electronic text (49 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 3, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-49).
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Hemaya, El-Ta. "An empirical investigation of the IMF approach towards macroeconomic adjustment in Egypt". Thesis, University of Salford, 1990. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14746/.
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This thesis examines the IMF approach to macroeconomic adjustment in Egypt with, firstly, an empirical assessment of the analytical foundations of this approach and, secondly, the construction and estimation of a small macroeconomic model of the Egyptian economy over the period 1952-86. Following an overall appraisal of Egyptian macroeconomic performance, with and without the application of Fund financial-supported adjustment programmes (conditionality), the main part of the thesis provides empirical evidence on the determinants of aggregate foreign trade, money supply and money demand and inflation. Examination of determinants of foreign trade shows that demand for exports is price-elastic, while demand for imports is income-elastic. However, it appears that Egypt's export supply is constrained by capacity. Consequently, devaluation may not play a substantial role towards improving the trade account. Study of the monetary sector reveals that the money supply is best regarded as endogenous, contrary to the assumption made in the Fund approach. Assuming an endogenous money supply, both stock adjustment-expectations and error correction models of money demand behaviour reveal a well-fitting function. The IMF view of inflation in LDCs is that it is essentially a monetary phenomenon, i.e. caused by an excess supply of money. Evidence is provided to show that, in addition to money supply growth, structural bottlenecks and expectations are also influential in the inflation process in Egypt and the basic IMF view of inflation should be modified accordingly. Finally, in order to explain changes in income, prices and balance of payments in Egypt, a small aggregate macroeconomic model is constructed and estimated. Unlike the conventional IMF model, real output is not taken to be predetermined. Estimates of the structural parameters as well as model simulations suggest that the model performs well in tracking the historical values of the dependent variables.
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Arpac, Ozlem. "The implementation of IMF-supported programmes : an empirical investigating using complementary methodologies". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/626/.
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Metinsoy, Saliha. "Political unrest under IMF programmes : labour mobility, fiscal conditionality, and democratic representation". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:045b1d24-e37a-4232-8e4d-39c038c799c4.
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What triggers political unrest under International Monetary Fund (IMF) programmes? Why do we see unrest - protests, strikes, and riots - in some countries under IMF programmes and not in others? This thesis argues that IMF labour conditionality in an immobile labour market compounded by intrusive fiscal conditionality and blocked democratic channels result in unrest. Where labour is immobile in the borrowing country, IMF labour conditionality decentralising the market creates large-scale grievances among the labour groups. Immobile labour groups substantially lose income and benefits under those measures due to high wage differentials and varied labour protection measures across sectors. Moreover, uncertainty and risks increase, while the opportunities to return back to employment or to maintain the existing income and benefits diminish. When the political authority is unable to address the rising grievances due to tight fiscal conditionality and blocked democratic channels, we observe political unrest under IMF programmes. Where labour is mobile, on the other hand, it is easier for workers to switch between sectors and jobs when the economic crisis hits their sector. The labour groups respond to the internal crisis and the external impact by increasing mobility and switching to the sectors that are still growing despite the crisis. Labour conditions do not give rise to a similar degree of uncertainty and risks compared to immobile markets. Hence, programmes are implemented without large-scale unrest. The study tests this theory in a global sample of 117 countries between 1970 and 2013 and investigates the impact of mobility and IMF conditionality on unrest with a data set originally compiled and coded for this study. It then delves into two extreme cases, Greece, 2010 and Turkey, 2001. While Greece had extreme immobility and received intrusive labour and fiscal conditionality in 2010, Turkey is located on the opposite end of the spectrum, with very high levels of mobility, the limited number of labour conditions, and greater fiscal space. We see that while Greece witnessed large-scale unrest in 2010, Turkey implemented the programme smoothly. Finally, the study applies the theory into three shadow cases, Ireland, 2010, Latvia, 2008, and Portugal, 2011 and demonstrates that the varied degrees of mobility and conditionality and fiscal conditionality result in different degrees of unrest.
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荒巻, 健二. "アジア通貨危機とIMF - グローバリゼーションの光と影". 京都大学, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150240.
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Workneh, Téwodros. "The Politics of Telecommunications and Development in Ethiopia". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18347.
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The purpose of this study was to explore salient issues in the Ethiopian telecommunications sector. In doing so, the research investigated the institutional history and origins of state-monopoly of telecommunications in Ethiopia from the first ministerial level communications-related institution, the Ministry of Posts, Telegraph and Telephone, to Ethio-Telecom presently. Using a theoretical framework informed by political economy of communications, development studies and political science, the study explored the foundations, rationales and implications of contesting ideologies in the Ethiopian telecommunications sector involving the Ethiopian state and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The study also explored the extent to which, and why, the Ethiopian public endorses/denounces state monopoly of the telecommunications sector. It also investigated the premises on which Sino-Ethiopian partnerships in the Ethiopian telecommunications sector are laid.
A triangulated, multi-method research approach involving document analysis, online survey and semi-structured interviewing was employed in this study. World Bank documents and other secondary resources were analyzed to chronicle the institutional history of telecommunications in Ethiopia. IMF reports and Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front economic programs and political manifestos were carefully examined to address contesting liberalization discourses pertinent to the Ethiopian telecommunications sector. An online survey was administered to collect public opinion about, among other things, state monopoly of telecommunications in Ethiopia. Ethiopian government officials, IMF country representatives, Ethio-Telecom consultants and other important figures were interviewed to explore the pros and cons of Sino-Ethiopian relations in the Ethiopian telecommunications sector as well.
The study revealed that a host of different factors, most notably the rise of China as an alternative global economic power, have shifted Ethiopia's preference of global development partnership from West to East including in telecommunications infrastructure development. Growing concerns over state monopoly of telecommunications were reported by users, particularly in relation to lack of quality of services and fear of surveillance.2015-03-29
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Ke, Yanyu. "THE MEDICINE OF WAR: IMF STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT, ETHNIC POLITICS, AND ARMED CIVIL CONFLICT". UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/polysci_etds/9.
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The dissertation research answers the question of what explains the variation across countries where the IMF SAP implementation is associated with the onset of armed civil conflict in some countries but not in others. Do SAPs increase the likelihood of the outbreak of armed civil conflict in recipient countries? By what causal mechanism could SAPs increase the probability of the onset of armed civil conflict? This study contributes to extant literature by taking actors’ preferences and ethnicity in recipient countries into account. I argue that the effect of SAP implementation on armed civil conflict is conditional on the ethnic characteristics of recipient countries. From a two-level game perspective, highly ethnic-fractionalized countries have a strong bargaining position vis-à-vis the IMF at the international level due to their domestic weakness. Hence such governments will receive relatively moderate conditionality from the IMF because the Fund will adopt its second-order preference of containing the contagious effect of debt crisis and ensure the loan repayment. The ethnically fractionalized countries will also implement the austerity measures across different ethnic communities. The result is reducing probability of the onset of armed civil conflict when ethnic fractionalization increases. But in ethnically-dominant countries, the governments’ bargaining position at the international level is relatively weak due to their domestic strength. Therefore the governments are more likely to get stringent conditionality from the IMF because the Fund will adopt its first-order preference of satisfying its constituents by imposing stringent conditionality. The result is to increase the likelihood of the onset of armed civil conflict when ethnic dominance increases. By analyzing cross-national data for 162 countries from 1992 to 2009 based on improved measurement of IMF conditionality, the empirical results confirm the theoretical hypotheses. The statistical results also reveal that SAP impact on the outbreak of armed civil conflict varies with conditionality. Historical analyses of Ghana and Rwanda provide further understanding of the theoretical mechanisms.
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TOLEDO, MARCELO GASPARI CIRNE DE. "EVIDENCE OF MORAL HAZARD IN IMF LOANS: THE CASE OF THE ARGENTINEAN CRISIS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4369@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORA hipótese de que existe um problema grave de moral hazard no mercado de dívida soberana induzido pelo FMI é uma parte essencial do diagnóstico corrente das deficiências do sistema financeiro internacional. O mesmo pode ser dito em relação ao papel central que essa hipótese ocupa nas propostas de reformulação do sistema. A literatura empírica que avalia essa hipótese, contudo, apresenta suporte ambíguo à tese e os resultados não são definitivos. Aplicamos a metodologia de teste desenvolvida em Dell´Ariccia et al. (2002) à crise da Argentina de 2001 e realizamos dois outros testes da hipótese. Analisamos suas implicações teóricas, realizando, adicionalmente, uma extensão do modelo de Spiegel (2000) para interpretar o problema de moral hazard no mercado dívida soberana. Nossos resultados acrescentam evidência contrária à hipótese de moral hazard, mas estão sujeitos, assim como o restante da literatura, a um problema de interpretação.
The hypothesis that there exists a significant problem of moral hazard induced by the IMF in the international loan market is an essential ingredient of the diagnosis of the deficiencies of the international financial system. The same applies to the current proposals to restructure the system. The literature presents ambiguous support to this thesis and the results are, in our view, not definitive. We apply the methodology developed by Dell Ariccia et al. (2002) to the Argentinean crisis in 2001 and carry out two other tests of the referred hypothesis. We also investigate its theoretical implications, extending Spiegel s (2000) model to interpret the problem of moral hazard in the international loan market. The results of this study provide additional evidence against the moral hazard hypothesis. There is, although, a caveat that we share with the rest of the literature that regards an identification hypothesis. We argue that it is not so important for the results presented in this study.
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Kranke, Matthias. "The politics of collaborative global governance : organisational positioning in IMF-World Bank collaboration". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/101269/.
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This thesis studies the collaborative activities of two of the most prominent international organisations of the contemporary era, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. Drawing on ninety-five interviews with organisational officials and other policy actors, as well as an analysis of key documents, I argue that competing normative expectations, especially from their membership, induce the Bretton Woods institutions to collaborate where necessary and remain distinctive as much as possible. However, regular collaboration tends to make organisations more similar to each other. The IMF and the World Bank resolve this challenge to their procedural legitimacy by employing symbolic actions as signals of distinctiveness while continuing inter-organisational collaboration. Symbolic reforms (and, sometimes, less costly alternatives) allow them to claim policy niches for the purpose of organisational differentiation. I develop this argument in case studies of IMF- World Bank collaboration in three areas: (1) crisis lending, (2) financial sector surveillance and (3) concessional lending and debt relief. Through the analysis of the collaborative activities between two influential international organisations, the research in this thesis contributes novel insights into the cultural underpinnings of the Bretton Woods institutions. The analysis extends constructivist accounts of international organisations by suggesting that contemporary notions of their agency are rooted in shared norms about what these organisations should do or should not do.
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Iaydjiev, Ivaylo. "Faustian bargaining in a regime complex : IMF-RFA cooperation in Europe (2008-2012)". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cc6196b8-853c-489e-ab3f-add7c83fa12f.
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What explains IMF behavior in Europe between 2008 and 2012? Harshly criticized in Greece, yet tentatively praised in Hungary, the institution found itself playing different roles as it responded to a string of financial crises. Its programs varied substantially in terms of conditionality, financing, and private sector involvement. This thesis explores why, highlighting the changing global financial safety net, which is both expanding and becoming more decentralized due to the spectacular rise of regional financing arrangements (RFAs). Existing theories of IMF behavior assume the Fund to be a stand-alone institution and analyse financial assistance as the outcome from the interplay between creditors, borrowers, and staff. By focusing on dynamics within the IMF, however, they miss how developments outside the institution are increasingly shaping its behavior. This thesis brings in the role of changes in the institutional environment by drawing on the literature on regime complexity. The proliferation of RFAs alters the outside options of all actors, which affects their bargaining power. This opens the way for new strategies, through which creditors can entangle institutions by creating overlaps, borrowers can engage in confrontation between alternative financing institutions, and the IMF can find means to co-work with RFAs. These in turn affect whose preferences shape program design. This argument is tested empirically through process-tracing and comparing three cases of IMF-RFA cooperation in Europe. In Hungary, the IMF led the way in shaping a surprisingly 'generous' program with little constraint from the EU. However, in Latvia, the Fund found itself a 'junior partner' in a program driven by local authorities with the support of an European RFA. In Greece, the interests of creditors were paramount, securing IMF acquiescence through the threat of exclusion. These findings point to significant challenges for the Fund going forward. As RFAs continue to proliferate around the world, the IMF needs to avoid the temptation of striking even more Faustian bargains that keep it at the table of financial assistance at the cost of becoming a junior partner.
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Aguilar, Andía Giovanna, i Gonzalo Camargo. "Análisis de la morosidad en las instituciones microfinancieras (IMF) en el ~ e r". Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116856.
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The main objective of this research is to identify the variables that affect the Peruvian Microfinance Institutions' (MFI) delinquency. The relative irnportance of three kinds of variables is analyzed. First, aggregate or macroeconomic variables related to Peruvian economic activity (GDP, inflation, etc.). Second, microeconomic variables related to the management policy of the MFI (credit policy, credit technology, incentives sys- tem to employees, etc.). And finally, variables related to the local dynamics of markets where MFI make their business (regional GDP, dynamics of local finance market, local productive activity, etc.). An unbalanced dynamic model of panel data for 35 MFI with monthly data in the period 1998-2001 is estimated using the Generalized Method of Moments estimation technique.El objetivo general de esta investigación es identificar las variables que afectan la morosidad de las instituciones rnicrofinancieras (IMF) peruanas. Se propone identifi- car la importancia relativa de tres tipos de variables. En primer lugar, variables de carácter agregado o macroeconómico que están ligadas al nivel de actividad de la economía peruana en su conjunto (PBI, inflación, etcétera). En segundo lugar, varia- bles microeconómicas relacionadas con la gestión de las IMF (política de créditos, tecnología crediticia, sistemas de incentivos para su personal, etcétera). Y finalmente, variables relacionadas con las dinámicas locales de los mercados donde las IMF realizan sus operaciones (PBI regional o departamental, dinámica de plaza financiera local, estructura de la actividad productiva local, etcétera). Se estima un modelo de datos de panel dinámico con información mensual para el periodo 1998- 2001, y para 35 IMF, y se usa la técnica del método generalizado de los momentos.