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Ovadia, Daniela. "L’illusion de la main en caoutchouc." Cerveau & Psycho N° 94, no. 11 (2017): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cerpsy.094.0038.
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Chudzian, Joanna, Ada Ładno, and Olga Podlińska. "Control and the illusion of control in the financial decisions of entrepreneurs." Annals of Marketing Management and Economics 4, no. 2 (2018): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/amme.2018.4.2.14.
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The article concerns the phenomenon of control and illusion of control In financial decisions of Polish enterprises. The article identifies the main determinants of the illusion of control. The aim of the paper is to assess the level of control and the degree of illusion of control. For this purpose a CAWI survey was conducted on a group of persons employed in enterprises and responsible for financial decisions. The empirical part of the article presents an primary study conducted among financial directors which showed high results of surveyed entrepreneurs in the area of control and the observed phenomenon of the illusion of control in decision-making situations in the field of finance. At the same time, the main factors influencing the level of the illusion of control were verified.
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Huang, Bei. "Study of Francis Bacon's "Four Illusions" from a Psychological Perspective." International Journal of Education and Humanities 8, no. 3 (2023): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v8i3.8393.
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In the development history of modern Western materialism, Francis Bacon is undoubtedly one of the most outstanding philosophers. He devoted all his life to the realization of the "great revival" of science, for which he wrote a masterpiece "The Great Revival" with "New Tools" as the main body, and put forward the "four illusion theory" and scientific induction in "New Tools". Bacon, through the analysis of the collective illusion, caves illusion, market illusion and delusion theater, showed that illusion hindered the people on the correct understanding of things, but the illusion couldn't be eliminated fundamentally. This article starts from the content of the four illusion and its relationship with psychology, from the psychology perspective to discuss the four illusion theory, hoping to promote people’s understanding on things.
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Hill, Harold, and Vicki Bruce. "Independent Effects of Lighting, Orientation, and Stereopsis on the Hollow-Face Illusion." Perception 22, no. 8 (1993): 887–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220887.
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Three experiments were conducted to investigate factors contributing to the ‘hollow face’ illusion. A novel method was employed in which the distance from the mask at which the illusion became apparent or disappeared, when retreating or approaching, respectively, was taken as a measure of the strength of the illusion. In all the experiments an effect of direction of observer's movement was found, demonstrating the stability of the initial percept. Upright orientations were compared with inverted ones to investigate if the illusion reflects a bias towards a familiar percept. The direction of lighting was also varied. Independent main effects of orientation and lighting were found to be consistent with preferences both for upright faces and for top lighting. However, inverted faces also produced the illusion to some extent, suggesting a general preference for convexity. The role of stereopsis in resolving the illusion was tested by comparing monocular with binocular viewing conditions. Monocular viewing conditions gave rise to shorter distances, suggesting that the retinal disparities available with binocular viewing are important in disambiguating the illusion at small distances. The results are interpreted within the framework of a 22-dimensional sketch derived from independent modular processing of visual information.
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EFUNTADE, Alani Olusegun, and Olubunmi Omotayo EFUNTADE. "Relevance of Fiscal Illusion Proposition and Wagner Theory to Nigerian Budget Performance (Nexus among Fiscal Illusion Index, Recurrent and Capital Budget)." Journal of Accounting and Financial Management 9, no. 3 (2023): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/jafm.v9.no3.2023.pg129.149.
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This paper presents an empirical analysis of the consequences of fiscal illusion for public spending outcomes in a developing country context, specifically Nigeria, over the period 1993- 2022. The presence of fiscal illusion and its main indicators are identified (measured here through deficit illusion, and degree of tax visibility, where the real burden of taxation is underrepresented to the citizen-voter). We find that the Nigerian economy reveals significant fiscal illusion as measured in above terms. Also, fiscal illusion is found to have major and positive impact on the demand for government capital expenditure and government recurrent expenditure and consequently, on real government expenditure in the economy over the chosen time period. This work demonstrated that the controversial question involving the role of fiscal illusion practices on public finances is not recent, but can be thought of as deriving from the discussion invoked by Puviani (1903) and substantially enriched by Buchanan (1960). In spite of the fact that the ‘Fiscal Illusion’ School of Buchanan and Wagner (1977) identifies higher levels of fiscal illusion promoting increasing increments in the size of the public sector, this work developed a model that predicts higher levels of fiscal illusion also decrease national economic growth rates. The government additionally creates the false illusion that public expenditures are lower than they are in reality and for this reason it is easier to maintain the illusive fiscal discipline. On the one hand, the government may cut expenditures in an ostensible way and step towards reducing the budget deficit. On the other hand, without additional procedures the government may introduce new public expenditures outside the budget and, consequently, without any special control of the law-making arm of government.
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Korolev, Alexander S. "Russia-ASEAN Relations— Strategic Partnership or Strategic Illusion?" Russia in Global Affairs 22, no. 3 (2024): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31278/1810-6374-2024-22-3-159-178.
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The article explores the main achievements and limitations of the Russia- ASEAN strategic partnership. The author reassesses the existing theoretical and methodological approaches to analyzing: the format of strategic partnership; states’ goal-setting in the pursuit of such a bilateral relationship; and its main features as a “new” model of interstate relations. The author proposes an updated classification of a strategic partnership’s characteristics, and on this basis concludes that the real content of Russia-ASEAN relations does not match their nominal form.
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Geier, János, László Bernáth, Mariann Hudák, and László Séra. "Straightness as the Main Factor of the Hermann Grid Illusion." Perception 37, no. 5 (2008): 651–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5622.
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Avhustiuk, Maria. "THE ILLUSION OF NOT KNOWING IN METACOGNITIVE MONITORING: A BRIEF REVIEW." Psychological Prospects Journal, no. 37 (June 15, 2021): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2227-1376-2021-37-10-22.
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Purpose. The paper is aimed to analyze some key features of the illusion of not knowing in metacognitive monitoring of the learning activity of university students. Among the main conceptions of the influence of the illusion of not knowing on metacognitive monitoring accuracy of the learning activity of university students we tend to study and to analyse different types of the learned information, as well as personal, cognitive, metacognitive, and individual psychological characteristics of students. Moreover, the study may allow to clarifying the phenomenon of the illusion of not knowing and its influence on metacognitive monitoring accuracy measures.
 Methods. The theoretical and comparative practical methods of studying the illusion of not knowing in metacognitive monitoring of university students have been used in the study. The participants learned texts, statements and pairs of words in Ukrainian. They performed JOLs, aJOLs, RCJs, and aRCJs. Calibration procedure helped to define average indicators of both the illusion of knowing and the illusion of not knowing. 
 Results. The findings indicate that the illusion of not knowing as an error of metacognitive monitoring accuracy (alongside the illusion of knowing) can occur in all types of metacognitive judgments, especially in the prospective judgments of learning. The highest levels of the illusion of not knowing are shown in learning pairs of words, smaller texts of all styles, and in ‘Yes’/‘No’/‘Do not know’ questions. Moreover, the effects of personal, cognitive, metacognitive, and individual psychological characteristics are also allocated.
 Conclusions. The paper provides an account of the effects of different types of information chosen for the experiment, and of personal, cognitive, metacognitive, and individual psychological characteristics of university students. The findings indicate the illusion of not knowing as an error of metacognitive monitoring accuracy alongside the illusion of knowing. These findings might help to solve the problem of metacognitive monitoring accuracy in the learning activity of university students.
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Zumaeta, Jorge N. "Money Illusion in Charitable Giving in the Absence of Market Price Resistance." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 13, no. 3(J) (2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v13i3(j).3192.
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Money illusion occurs when individuals fail to differentiate nominal from real values when making financial and economic decisions. As a consequence, they do not adjust their consumption behavior according to real variables. We report an economic experiment to study whether money illusion appears in a very simple setting. It is very important to mention that the experiment was conducted in the context of charitable giving. Our experimental results showed the absence of money illusion among the participants. Our study suggests that money illusion is not present in the absence of price stickiness (market price resistance). This finding supports Shafir et al. (1997). The main objective of our study is to develop a better understanding of economic agents’ charitable giving behaviors as influenced by perceptions of nominal income. Charitable institutions could build fundraising strategies based on behavioral tendencies to the perception of income in nominal or real terms.
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Haan, Joost, and Michel D. Ferrari. "Picasso’s migraine: Illusory cubist splitting or illusion?" Cephalalgia 31, no. 9 (2011): 1057–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102411406752.
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It is widely believed that Pablo Picasso suffered from migraine. The main cause for this is our suggestion made 10 years ago that some of Picasso’s paintings resemble migraine auras. Here we critically look back at our own hypothesis. We conclude that, although the idea is still fascinating, there is no proof of Picasso suffering from migraine with aura.
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Hotopf, W. H. N., and M. C. Hibberd. "The Role of Angles in Inducing Misalignment in the Poggendorff Figure." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 41, no. 2 (1989): 355–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748908402370.
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Much experimental evidence has been put forward against the idea that angles are necessary for the occurrence of the Poggendorff illusion. We show that five separate alignment illusions can be demonstrated in the Poggendorff figure according to its orientation, length of the parallels, and so on. In one of these (angle-caused misalignment) angles are a necessary component. The main source of the belief that angles are not necessary is the alignment illusion (attraction-caused misalignment), which is due to the action of the distant parallel on the transversal that does not abut it. We show finally that it is unlikely that the angle-caused misalignment illusion is due to a change in the apparent size of the angle.
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Hara, Masayuki, Takahiro Higuchi, Ayaka Ohtake, Jian Huang, and Tetsuro Yabuta. "Verification of Haptic Illusions Using a Haptic Interface and Consideration on its Mechanism." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 18, no. 4 (2006): 476–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2006.p0476.
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In these days, a haptic interface, which is a force/tactile display device, is attracting great interest in virtual reality. With regard to this technology, researchers have reported ways to construct virtual environment and development of new devices with a unique mechanism but rarely explored the relationships between human perception and virtual dynamics. This paper suggests that it is necessary to clarify the relationships to provide more realistic force/tactile sensation for users. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the force sensations displayed by haptic interfaces. This study focused on two haptic illusion phenomena, which are a haptic horizontal-vertical illusion and a size-weight illusion. Results of experiments using the haptic interface verified that such haptic illusions are reproducible in virtual reality. This implies that perceptual experiments can be realized using haptic interfaces, which may have potential to discover new haptic illusions. Further, this paper attempts to study the size-weight illusion by using functions of the haptic interface such as position and force sensing functions and propose a new hypothesis on the size-weight illusion. These results demonstrate that the effectiveness of haptic interfaces for perceptual experiments.
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Bulatov, Aleksandr, Natalija Bulatova, Tadas Surkys, and Lina Mickienė. "A quantitative analysis of illusion magnitude changes induced by rotation of contextual distractor." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 75, no. 2 (2015): 238–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2015-2031.
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In the present study, the predictions of the computational model of centroid extraction were verified in psychophysical examination of the length illusion induced by stimuli comprising the conventional or asymmetric Müller-Lyer wings as the contextual distractors. In experiments, the illusion magnitude changes evoked by rotation of distractors with different spatial parameters were quantitatively determined. It was demonstrated that the model calculations adequately account for the illusion magnitude variations shown by all the subjects for all modifications of stimuli. A good correspondence between the experimental and theoretical data supports the suggestion that local positional biases caused by the neural processes of automatic centroid extraction can be one of the main reasons of emergence of illusions of the Müller-Lyer type.
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Hayrapetyan, D. R. "THE FALLACY OF PERSONAL VALIDATION (THE FORER EFFECT) IN THE SYSTEM OF BEHAVIORAL FINANCE BIASES." Modern Psychology 5, no. 1(10) (2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/sbmp/2022.5.1.056.
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The main purpose of the research paper is to understand the interrelation of the fallacy of personal validation also called The Forer effect or The Barnum effect with one of the main biases of behavioral finances – the money illusion. During the last years we explored some personal factors which force and determinate the manifestation of money behavior such as subjective control, aspiration level etc. All of data force us to suppose that one of regulators of money behaviour is the belief in authority and obedience to expert opinion which could be measured by the level of manifestation of the fallacy of personal validation. This means that people are gullible because they think the information is about them only when in fact the information is generic. The research design is aimed to study and understand the manifestation of the money illusion among the people affected by the fallacy of personal validation (The Forer effect). This can help us to understand more deeply the phenomena of money illusion which nowadays affect more extensively our financial behaviour.
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Heinrich, Antje, Robert P. Carlyon, Matthew H. Davis, and Ingrid S. Johnsrude. "The Continuity Illusion Does Not Depend on Attentional State: fMRI Evidence from Illusory Vowels." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 10 (2011): 2675–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2011.21627.
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We investigate whether the neural correlates of the continuity illusion, as measured using fMRI, are modulated by attention. As we have shown previously, when two formants of a synthetic vowel are presented in an alternating pattern, the vowel can be identified if the gaps in each formant are filled with bursts of plausible masking noise, causing the illusory percept of a continuous vowel (“Illusion” condition). When the formant-to-noise ratio is increased so that noise no longer plausibly masks the formants, the formants are heard as interrupted (“Illusion Break” condition) and vowels are not identifiable. A region of the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) is sensitive both to intact synthetic vowels (two formants present simultaneously) and to Illusion stimuli, compared to Illusion Break stimuli. Here, we compared these conditions in the presence and absence of attention. We examined fMRI signal for different sound types under three attentional conditions: full attention to the vowels; attention to a visual distracter; or attention to an auditory distracter. Crucially, although a robust main effect of attentional state was observed in many regions, the effect of attention did not differ systematically for the illusory vowels compared to either intact vowels or to the Illusion Break stimuli in the left STG/MTG vowel-sensitive region. This result suggests that illusory continuity of vowels is an obligatory perceptual process, and operates independently of attentional state. An additional finding was that the sensitivity of primary auditory cortex to the number of sound onsets in the stimulus was modulated by attention.
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Abrukov, Viktor S., Konstantin V. Efimov, Nikolai A. Tarasov, and Nikolay I. Kol'tsov. "STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF STABILIZERS ON BURNING OF SILICONE RUBBER WITH HELP ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 1 (2017): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186101.5559.
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Silicone rubbers are used for manufacturing fireproof insulating sheaths for cables and high voltage insulators. Highly oil-resistant silicone rubber of brand IRP 1338 of JSC “Kazan plant of synthetic caoutchouc” production should be singled out among silicone rubbers. This rubber is made from synthetic caoutchouc SKTV and contains Aerosil A-300, titanium oxide, fumed silica U-333 curing agent Perkadox BC-FF and anti-structuring agent ND-8 - α,ω-polydimethyl-siloxanediol. Previously we investigated the kinetics of combustion process of this rubber containing anti-structuring agent ND-8 as well as Ca/Zn-stabilizer Kompanoks (2,6-bis((3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)cyclohexane-1-one) and their combination which are used to enhance the thermal stability of the rubbers on the basis of carbon-chain caoutchoucs. In given paper using artificial neural networks (ANN) the computational multifactor model of combustion of rubber IRP 1338 has been obtained. The influence of selected stabilizers on the combustion rate of silicone rubber IRP 1338 has been studied. The combustion process was investigated by measuring at different points in time the relative height of the unburned portion of the rubber samples in the form of standard rectangular bars with a size of 10x2x2 mm. Combustion occurred under the action of the infrared beam (wavelength 10.6 μm) of laser LG-25 at three temperatures radiation (800, 900, 1000°C). As the main factors influencing the combustion of rubber, the laser radiation temperature was chosen, under which the forced combustion of rubber occurred. The nature of the stabilizers introduced into the rubber and the combustion temperature of the rubber was measured by a thermocouple placed on the surface of combustion rubber. The objective function of ANN-model was the relative height of the unburned portion of the rubber samples. Moreover, it was believed, the greater the relative height of the unburned portion of the rubber samples, the lower the burning rate and the higher the efficiency of the stabilizer. The received ANN-model has allowed to reveal three stages of combustion of rubber and to investigate features of influence of stabilizers on process of combustion. It was established that from the three stabilizers studied, the Ca/Zn stabilizer most effectively slows down the combustion of rubber due to the interaction of calcium oleates and zinc of this stabilizer with caoutchouc molecules. Thus, the possibility of increasing the fire resistance of rubber based on the silicone rubber SKTV by replacing the anti-structuring agent ND-8 on the Ca/Zn stabilizer has been established.Forcitation:Abrukov V.S., Efimov K.V., Tarasov N.A., Koltsov N.I. Study of influence of stabilizers on burning of silicone rubber with help artificial neural networks. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 1. P. 84-88
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SERBAN COMANESCU, Adrian. "DROPSHIPPING IN ROMANIA, OPPORTUNITY OR ILLUSION." Revista Economica 73, no. 2 (2021): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.56043/reveco-2021-0018.
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Dropshipping means online trading through a supplier that delivers on behalf of your company. The supplier is the one who handles all the physical activities, respectively storage, warehousing, packaging and delivery. The selling company only has to deal with the actual sale of the products, the creation of an online store, the conception of a brand and the promotion. Thinking about the Romanian market, in the context in which companies like Amazon or similar are not yet active, one may fall to the conclusion that dropshipping in Romania could be a huge opportunity. By dropshipping you can introduce new products on the local Romanian market and you can experience a new business model that does not involve as many risks as traditional business models. In this paper, our main goal was to identify a business model for the Romanian market, one that involves multiple advantages, such as: - Less spending with a lower risk. - An easy and cheap way to start a business - There is no financial experience and expertise is required. • You can keep in check your business quite easily. - You can build a real brand through a relatively safe method, with limited risks. As for methodologies, I used the SWOT analysis, wanting to find out whether this type of business fits the Romanian economic climate. The research conclusions highlighted the undisputed opportunities of dropshipping, but also the fact that there is a feeling of distrust in this type of business, given the fact that in Romania it is at the beginning of the road.
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Wei, Wenda, Chengxia Liu, and Jianing Wang. "Objective evaluation of optical illusion skirt based on image texture features." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 33, no. 5 (2021): 859–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-10-2020-0163.
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PurposeNowadays, most methods of illusion garment evaluation are based on the subjective evaluation of experienced practitioners, which consumes time and the results are too subjective to be accurate enough. It is necessary to explore a method that can quantify professional experience into objective indicators to evaluate the sensory comfort of the optical illusion skirt quickly and accurately. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to objectively evaluate the sensory comfort of optical illusion skirt patterns by combining texture feature extraction and prediction model construction.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, 10 optical illusion sample skirts are produced, and 10 experimental images are collected for each sample skirt. Then a Likert five-level evaluation scale is designed to obtain the sensory comfort level of each skirt through the questionnaire survey. Synchronously, the coarseness, contrast, directionality, line-likeness, regularity and roughness of the sample image are calculated based on Tamura texture feature algorithm, and the mean, contrast and entropy are extracted of the image transformed by Gabor wavelet. Both are set as objective parameters. Two final indicators T1 and T2 are refined from the objective parameters previously obtained to construct the predictive model of the subjective comfort of the visual illusion skirt. The linear regression model and the MLP neural network model are constructed.FindingsResults show that the accuracy of the linear regression model is 92%, and prediction accuracy of the MLP neural network model is 97.9%. It is feasible to use Tamura texture features, Gabor wavelet transform and MLP neural network methods to objectively predict the sensory comfort of visual illusion skirt images.Originality/valueCompared with the existing uncertain and non-reproducible subjective evaluation of optical illusion clothing based on experienced experts. The main advantage of the authors' method is that this method can objectively obtain evaluation parameters, quickly and accurately obtain evaluation grades without repeated evaluation by experienced experts. It is a method of objectively quantifying the experience of experts.
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Guziejewska, Beata. "A Comparative Approach to Fiscal Illusions: a Synthesis of the Conclusions from a Polish Study in Relation to New Ideas and Empirical Research in Selected Countries." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 24, no. 2 (2021): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.24.09.
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This article examines fiscal illusions in public finance systems where decentralisation involving the introduction of an independent and autonomous component of local government funding brings new problems. It presents a synthesis of the findings from a Polish empirical study that set out to determine the types and extent of fiscal illusion among Polish councillors, focusing on the qualitative aspects of the phenomenon. It also compares the findings with other streams of research and new approaches to fiscal illusion. The purpose of the article is to systematise the knowledge of fiscal illusion based on selected empirical studies, to formulate proposals for practitioners and public decision‑makers, and to highlight areas for future research to address. The article was prepared using a desk research approach and the author’s own experiences and research perspective formed during the study of fiscal illusions. The findings presented in the article corroborate its main thesis that a local government funding system based on intergovernmental transfers contributes to the emergence and perpetuation of fiscal illusions.
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Wang, Zheng, and Bo Xu. "3D Anthropomorphic Avatar Model Based on Multi-layered Representation." International Journal of Virtual Reality 9, no. 3 (2010): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2010.9.3.2776.
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Avatars are virtual characters making the communication between user and machine more natural and interactive. The main advantage of using avatars within interfaces is to allow user to interact intuitively with the system by giving him the illusion of communicating with a real human. This illusion is obtained by mimicking human communication, i.e. giving avatar the ability of expressing emotions through facial and body language. We proposed the method based on multi-layered representation for a kind of 3D anthropomorphic avatar, and validated it as an information presenter. The way of controlling the avatar's emotion is to use parameterized facial muscle model and skeleton skinning, scheduled with multi-thread. Then a series of naturalistic avatar animation produced.
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Alsulami, Hamed H., Erdal Karapınar, Marwan A. Kutbi, and Antonio-Francisco Roldán-López-de-Hierro. "An Illusion: “A Suzuki Type Coupled Fixed Point Theorem”." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/235731.
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We admonish to be careful on studying coupled fixed point theorems since most of the reported fixed point results can be easily derived from the existing corresponding theorems in the literature. In particular, we notice that the recent paper [Semwal and Dimri (2014)] has gaps and the announced result is false. The authors claimed that their result generalized the main result in [Ðoric and Lazović (2011)] but, in fact, the contrary case is true. Finally, we present a fixed point theorem for Suzuki type (α,r)-admissible contractions.
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O’Kane, Sophie H., and H. Henrik Ehrsson. "The contribution of stimulating multiple body parts simultaneously to the illusion of owning an entire artificial body." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0233243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233243.
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The full-body ownership illusion exploits multisensory perception to induce a feeling of ownership of an entire artificial body. Although previous research has shown that synchronous visuotactile stimulation of a single body part is sufficient for illusory ownership of the whole body, the effect of combining multisensory stimulation across multiple body parts remains unknown. Therefore, 48 healthy adults participated in a full-body ownership illusion with conditions involving synchronous (illusion) or asynchronous (control) visuotactile stimulation to one, two, or three body parts simultaneously (2×3 design). We used questionnaires to isolate illusory ownership of five specific body parts (left arm, right arm, trunk, left leg, right leg) from the full-body ownership experience and sought to test not only for increased ownership in synchronous versus asynchronous conditions but also for potentially varying degrees of full-body ownership illusion intensity related to the number of body parts stimulated. Illusory full-body ownership and all five body-part ownership ratings were significantly higher following synchronous stimulation than asynchronous stimulation (p-values < .01). Since non-stimulated body parts also received significantly increased ownership ratings following synchronous stimulation, the results are consistent with an illusion that engages the entire body. Furthermore, we noted that ownership ratings for right body parts (which were often but not always stimulated in this experiment) were significantly higher than ownership ratings for left body parts (which were never stimulated). Regarding the effect of stimulating multiple body parts simultaneously on explicit full-body ownership ratings, there was no evidence of a significant main effect of the number of stimulations (p = .850) or any significant interaction with stimulation synchronicity (p = .160), as assessed by linear mixed modelling. Instead, median ratings indicated a moderate affirmation (+1) of an illusory full-body sensation in all three synchronous conditions, a finding mirrored by comparable full-body illusion onset times. In sum, illusory full-body ownership appears to be an ‘all-or-nothing’ phenomenon and depends upon the synchronicity of visuotactile stimulation, irrespective of the number of stimulated body parts.
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Baio, Cesar. "From the specular illusion to the performativity of images." Significação: Revista de Cultura Audiovisual 49, no. 57 (2022): 80–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-7114.sig.2022.183203.
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This essay resumes Arlindo Machado’s main critiques of the ontology of photography to discuss the anthropocentrism that marks the classic theory and hypothesize other ways of thinking about the technical image, based on the ontological division between the world (Nature), the human (Man), and technique. As a consequence of this critique, the text argues that the recognition of the materiality of the processes of image production and circulation would imply the emergence of multiple and heterogenous ontologies of the image. As such, the image crystalizes a specific way of understanding the word, which the artist encodes in their work. This conceptualization leads to the enhancement of the performative aspect that the image assumes in contemporary culture.
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Ferrarotti, Franco. "The Eclipse of Religion and Freud’s “future of an illusion”." Academicus International Scientific Journal 29 (January 2024): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2024.29.01.
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The main contention of this paper is that, no matter whether one is a true believer or a professed atheist, religion remains a relevant social phenomenon. Serious scholars have written about an eclipse of the sacred in industrial societies through a sad confusion between «sacred» and «religious». The «religious» as a commodity administered by an organized church might well be in a state of crisis. But the «sacred» is actually the meta-human element that makes mankind exist and develop beyond the so-called «laws» of the market.
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Costa, Claudio. "Non-naïve direct realism." Revista Perspectiva Filosófica - ISSN: 2357-9986 49, no. 2 (2022): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.51359/2357-9986.2022.253881.
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This paper aims to answer some main arguments against direct realism. It is based on two theses: that of the Janus face of perceptual experience, and that of the cognitive primacy of sensory content (sense data). Together they help us give better answers to the old arguments of illusion and of science against direct realism.
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Vlăsceanu, Mihaela. "Illusion and Allegory in the Baroque Art of the Banat: An Introduction." Eikon / Imago 11 (March 1, 2022): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/eiko.76757.
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The present study aims to underline the particularities found in the Banat by means of reinterpreting some of the main creations of Central-European late Baroque, where the illusion of the Habsburg power and allegories of Catholic faith were employed in the unifying artistic discourse. The main methods used range from comparative-historical to iconographic, with a structural-semantic and formal analysis of the works presented as case studies. The epideictic rhetoric of these examples contributes to a better acknowledgement of the role played by art in every society, having in mind that the eighteenth-century artistic phenomenon was synergic with the Central-European evolution and the style was tributary to the late Baroque, one of the many variants with particularities of the so-called “Baroques”.
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Lobastov, G. V. "The Human Self: the Illusion of a Riddle." Cultural-Historical Psychology 17, no. 1 (2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2021170104.
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The paper is an attempt to give an inner outline of F.T. Mikhailov’s logic in the study of the human Self. The principles of analysis and the meaningful path of becoming the Self are analyzed, from the problem of the emergence of the mind to the developed, creative and free personality. Reflection of logical categories and their formal and substantive connection with the problems and methods of theoretical research in psychology is carried out. The paper shows the dialectic of the concept of the Self — both in the objective reality and in the self-consciousness of the individual. The subjectness of the Self is presented as an expression of the social whole and the internal logic of its development. This logic of the whole is the potential basis of the creative ability of the Self. The creativity arises in the contradiction between the universal and the specific, the distinction of which is, according to F.T. Mikhailov, the most difficult problem. But it is precisely in the solution of this problem that the solution to the phenomenon of the Self lies. And thus of freedom as the objective self-determination of man in being and in thinking. The reproduction of the logic of thought of F.T. Mikhailov is carried out by the author in his own synthesis of problems that highlight the main line in understanding the problem of the Self.
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Myakinnikov, Sergei Petrovich. "The illusion of matter, energy, environmental issues." Философская мысль, no. 9 (September 2021): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2021.9.36134.
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&nbsp; The subject of this research is the establishment of correlation between the illusion of the world of matter and environmental issues. The object of this research is the concepts of &ldquo;illusion&rdquo;, &ldquo;matter&rdquo;, and &ldquo;energy&rdquo;. The author traces the evolution of representations of the illusion of the world and its perception. The author dwells on the philosophical aspects of quantum physics, questioning the postulates of materialism on the primacy of matter, and acknowledgement of its esthesis by human as the criterion of the only true being. Special attention is given to the role of consciousness in the illusory distortion of matter and quantum field reality, which is substantiated by the complexity of comprehension of multiple quantum phenomena. The author underlines the need for studying the correlation between environmental issues and the processes in quantum field reality. The main conclusion consists in explication of the fact that the material world is perceived delusively by imperfect human sensory receptors, and its very being is somewhat an illusion. For denoting a single substance, the author employs the term &ldquo;foreign matter&rdquo;, which implies the imperceptible reality of energy waves of different frequency. A hypothesis of the continual-energy model of atom, which complements the Rutherford discrete-corpuscular planetary model of atom is advanced. The author&rsquo;s special contribution lies in the statement that the actual causes of many environmental issues should be sought for not in the world of matter, but in the foreign matter of quantum field reality. The novelty consists in the proposal to develop the consciousness of anthropocentrism, naturecentrism, and theocentrism, which prompt the reduction to part (merism), to the whole (holism) or uniform (henotheism) respectively; and the consciousness of post-holism, where the uniform (i.e. energy) is within the whole and each part of the physical world, considering its unique characteristics. It is noted that the worldview of ecocentrism, and ecological version of post-holism form the true environmental picture of the world. &nbsp;
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Pinna, Baingio, Maria Tanca, and Stephen Grossberg. "Probing Perceptual Antinomies with the Watercolor Illusion and Explaining How the Brain Resolves Them." Seeing and Perceiving 23, no. 4 (2010): 295–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847510x532685.
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AbstractThe purpose of this work is to study how the brain solves perceptual antinomies, induced by the watercolor illusion in the color and in the figure–ground segregation domain, when they are present in different parts of the same object. The watercolor illusion shows two main effects: a long-range coloration and an object–hole effect across large enclosed areas (Pinna, 1987, 2005, 2008a, b; Pinna and Grossberg, 2005; Pinna et al., 2001). This illusion strongly enhances the unilateral belongingness of the boundaries (Rubin, 1915) determining grouping and figure–ground segregation more strongly than the well-known Gestalt principles. Due to the watercolor illusion, both the figure and the background assume new properties becoming, respectively, a bulging object and a hole both with a 3-D volumetric appearance (object–hole effect). When the coloration and the object–hole effects induced by the watercolor illusion are opposite (antinomic) within different portions of the same shape, some questions emerge: Do the antinomies split the shape in two parts (a half shape appears as an object and the other half as a hole) or are they solved through a new emergent perceptual result beyond the single effects? Is there a predominance of one component over the other that is less visible or totally invisible? What is perceptible and what is invisible? Is there a wholeness process under conditions where perceptual antinomies coexist? By imparting motion to a watercolored object that gradually should become a hole while overlapping another object placed behind, is the wholeness of the watercolor object weakened or reorganized in a new way? The results of phenomenological experiments suggested that the antinomies tend to be solved through two complement processes of phenomenal wholeness and partialness. These processes are explained in the light of the FACADE neural model of 3-D vision and figure–ground separation (Grossberg, 1994, 2003), notably of how complementary cortical boundary and surface representations interact with spatial attention to generate conscious percepts of 3-D form and motion.
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Preuss Mattsson, Nora, Sara Coppi, Marie Chancel, and H. Henrik Ehrsson. "Combination of visuo-tactile and visuo-vestibular correlations in illusory body ownership and self-motion sensations." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (2022): e0277080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277080.
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Previous studies have shown that illusory ownership over a mannequin’s body can be induced through synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation as well as through synchronous visuo-vestibular stimulation. The current study aimed to elucidate how three-way combinations of correlated visual, tactile and vestibular signals contribute to the senses of body ownership and self-motion. Visuo-tactile temporal congruence was manipulated by touching the mannequin’s body and the participant’s unseen real body on the trunk with a small object either synchronously or asynchronously. Visuo-vestibular temporal congruence was manipulated by synchronous or asynchronous presentation of a visual motion cue (the background rotating around the mannequin in one direction) and galvanic stimulation of the vestibular nerve generating a rotation sensation (in the same direction). The illusory experiences were quantified using a questionnaire; threat-evoked skin-conductance responses (SCRs) provided complementary indirect physiological evidence for the illusion. Ratings on the illusion questionnaire statement showed significant main effects of synchronous visuo-vestibular and synchronous visuo-tactile stimulations, suggesting that both of these pairs of bimodal correlations contribute to the ownership illusion. Interestingly, visuo-tactile synchrony dominated because synchronous visuo-tactile stimulation combined with asynchronous visuo-vestibular stimulation elicited a body ownership illusion of similar strength as when both bimodal combinations were synchronous. Moreover, both visuo-tactile and visuo-vestibular synchrony were associated with enhanced self-motion perception; self-motion sensations were even triggered when visuo-tactile synchrony was combined with visuo-vestibular asynchrony, suggesting that ownership enhanced the relevance of visual information as a self-motion cue. Finally, the SCR results suggest that synchronous stimulation of either modality pair led to a stronger illusion compared to the asynchronous conditions. Collectively, the results suggest that visuo-tactile temporal correlations have a stronger influence on body ownership than visuo-vestibular correlations and that ownership boosts self-motion perception. We present a Bayesian causal inference model that can explain how visuo-vestibular and visuo-tactile information are combined in multisensory own-body perception.
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Sinurat, Joe Fry Alwin, Sukardi ., and Ahmad Albar Tanjung. "Analysis of the Impact of Regional Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in North Sumatra." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 12 (2023): 519–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20231256.
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This study discusses the impact of regional fiscal policy on economic growth in North Sumatra. In this study also carried out the detection of fiscal illusion (flypaper effect) in fiscal policy undertaken by the local government districts/cities in North Sumatra. This study was conducted by analyzing quantitative data, that is, the data provide an overview of events using numbers, which then the results will be compared with theories and empirical evidence of relevant previous research results. The Data used in this study in the form of panel data (pool data). The results of this study showed that local revenue has a positive and significant effect on regional spending, general allocation funds have a positive and significant effect on regional spending, special allocation funds have a positive and significant effect on regional spending, simultaneously local revenue, general allocation funds, special allocation funds simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on regional spending districts / cities, directly local revenue has a positive and significant effect on economic growth proxied by Gross Regional Domestic Product, regional expenditure has a positive and significant effect on economic growth proxied by Gross Regional Domestic Product, Local revenue and local expenditure significantly affect economic growth proxied with Gross Regional Domestic Product and based on the results of research in relation to fiscal illusion from previous research can be mentioned that the fiscal illusion has occurred for a long time and in various regions in Indonesia and even in various regions in other countries. Local governments make the balance funds as the main source of revenue. Keywords: Local Revenue, Local Spending, Unconditional Grant, Growth, And Fiscal Illusion.
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邱廷浩, 邱廷浩. "布希亞「幻象」的思維路徑". 藝術研究學報 14 (жовтень 2021): 001–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/207035892021101400001.
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<p>本文旨在研究法國思想家尚˙布希亞（Jean Baudrillard）於《美學的幻象與去幻象》（Illusion, d&eacute;sillusion esth&eacute;tiques）書中的思考方式及其「幻象」的思維路徑。本文中的四個主要章節，分別聚焦在布希亞書中所演示的當代世界中各個不同範疇的概念對於「幻象」概念的流變與取代：藝術與電影的「去幻象」、影像的「擬像」、物的「廣告」以及藝術理論的「理念」。透過摘錄與分析，歸納出布希亞看似在利用藝術與「幻象」的關係來回應當代藝術創作的問題，實則是利用「幻象」的概念，串連起整個當代世界的流動與變化。</p> <p>&nbsp;</p><p>The purpose of this article is to study Jean Baudrillard&rsquo;s thought processes and his path of thought of &ldquo;illusion&rdquo; in the article Aesthetic Illusion and Disillusion. The article is composed of four main sections, focusing on the evolution and replacement of the concept &ldquo;illusion&rdquo; by illustrating different domains in the contemporary world demonstrated in Baudrillard&rsquo;s article: the &ldquo;disillusion&rdquo; of art and films, the &ldquo;simulation&rdquo; of images, the &ldquo;advertisement&rdquo; of objects and the &ldquo;ideas&rdquo; of art theories. Through excerpts and analysis, it comes to a conclusion that Baudrillard seems to be utilizing the relationship between art and &ldquo;illusion&rdquo; to respond to the problems of contemporary art, but in fact he uses the concept of &ldquo;illusion&rdquo; to connect the flow and changes of the entire contemporary world.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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Papathomas, Thomas V., Akos Feher, Bela Julesz, and Yehoshua Zeevi. "Interactions of Monocular and Cyclopean Components and the Role of Depth in the Ebbinghaus Illusion." Perception 25, no. 7 (1996): 783–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p250783.
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A study of size interactions of objects in three-dimensional space is reported. The canonical form of the Ebbinghaus illusion—test circles surrounded by large or small inducers—was used. Both monocularly visible (M) and purely cyclopean (C) objects were displayed stereoscopically to isolate the monocular and cyclopean components of the illusion. The results of two experiments indicate that: (i) depth plays a significant role when the test circles are cyclopean, but not when they are monocularly visible; and (ii) the size of C objects is affected equally by C and M inducers, but the size of M objects is affected much more strongly by M than by C inducers. In conclusion, possible explanations are offered for the main trends in the data, the most interesting of which is that cyclopean tests seem to be interacting only with the cyclopean component of monocularly visible inducers.
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Ross, Andrew S., and Aditi Bhatia. "#secondcivilwarletters from the front: Discursive illusions in a trending Twitter hashtag." New Media & Society 21, no. 10 (2019): 2222–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819843311.
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When conservative media personality and conspiracy theorist Alex Jones warned of an impending Second Civil War to be initiated by Democrats, he instigated a viral hashtag on Twitter – #secondcivilwarletters – which drew tweets of political commentary and critique in a style mimicking war letters from the American Civil War. Using a sample of these tweets, this article explores the evocation of discursive illusions already established within mainstream and alternative media discourse about contemporary partisan politics in America – that is, the divide between the Republicans and the Democrats and how they categorise each other. To do this we adopt Bhatia’s framework of the discourse of illusion and its three main components of linguistic and semiotic action, historicity and social impact. The analysis reveals the extent to which this illusion has permeated the consciousness of the users as they present their ideological beliefs and positions in this new media context.
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Murgea, Aurora. "Mercury Retrograde Effect in Capital Markets: Truth or Illusion?" Timisoara Journal of Economics and Business 9, no. 1 (2016): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tjeb-2016-0004.
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Abstract From the most ancient times, the astrological beliefs have played an important role in human history, thinking, world-views, language and other elements of social culture. The practice of relating the movement of celestial bodies to events in financial markets is relatively newer but despite the inconsistency between financial astrology and standard economic or financial theory, it seems to be largely spread among capital market traders. This paper evaluates one of the astrological effects on the capital market, more precisely the Mercury retrograde effect on US capital market. Despite the fact that it is just an optical illusion the astrological tradition says that Mercury retrograde periods are characterized by confusion and miscommunications. The trades could be less effective, the individuals more prone to make mistakes so there is a long-held belief that it is better to avoid set plans during Mercury retrograde, signing contracts, starting new ventures or open new stock market positions. The main findings of this study are lower return’s volatilities in the Mercury retrograde periods, inconsistent with the astrologic theories assumptions but consistent with the idea that trader’s beliefs in Mercury retrograde effect could change the market volatility exactly in the opposite sense than the predicted one.
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Grigoriev, L., and M. Salikhov. "Financial Crisis-2008: Entering Global Recession." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2008): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2008-12-27-45.
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Main factors and development of the global financial crisis-2008 are generally discussed in the paper. The downturn in one of the local sectors of the US economy has caused major threats to functioning global financial markets. Structural problems of the Russian financial sector ("illusion of adequacy") have greatly enhanced negative consequences of the global crisis for the Russian economy. On the global level, main steps to minimize the costs of the crisis should deal with limiting protectionism growth, coordinating measures of economic policy and preventing a hard landing of a large group of economies.
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Zou, Sitian, Zhuyao Xu, and Xinyu Han. "Research on Embodiment and Social Robotics from the Perspective of Metacosmos——Research based on character AI." SHS Web of Conferences 168 (2023): 03020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202316803020.
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The meta-universe is a future full of infinite possibilities, and disembodiment is the main relationship between human and virtual body. In this context, social robots have developed rapidly, bringing unique emotional experiences to humans in the current form of text, and robots have become disposable ‘close friends’ that will not betray. In fact, emotions based on illusion cannot completely replace real interpersonal communication.
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Jarrar, Ayman. "The association between cognitive biases and the quality of strategic decision making: Evidence from Jordanian banks." Banks and Bank Systems 16, no. 2 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.16(2).2021.01.
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Excellence in strategic decision making is the driving force behind successful strategy adoption and implementation. However, it is becoming more and more complex as businesses emerge in unpredictable environments and conditions. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of cognitive bias and its dimensions (the illusion of control, prior hypothesis bias, escalating commitment bias and representativeness, and availability bias) on strategic decision making. In terms of methodology, the study used a random sampling technique. The study applied a survey as a research tool distributed among 138 bankers (employees at the managerial level) in managerial and administrative positions. Further, descriptive analysis and regression analysis were used to analyze the data and test hypotheses. The results show a positive and significant effect of the illusion of control and representativeness. The results show that the illusion of control, prior hypothesis bias, escalating commitment bias and representativeness, and availability bias significantly impact the strategic decision-making in Jordanian banks. It is concluded that the null hypothesis will be accepted and, therefore, the alternative hypothesis will be rejected based on the significant levels for the primary and secondary hypotheses. The factors of the escalating commitment bias, the availability bias, and the reasoning by analogy were not significant. Finally, the study recommends developing more literature on integrating psychology and discrimination and applying the research to different industries and managerial levels.
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Yang, Jie, Lingchuan Song, and Zhongdan Xing. "Credit Default of Local Public Sectors in Chinese Government-Pay PPP Projects: Evidence from Ecological Construction." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (July 17, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2138525.
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Credit is regarded as a key factor to maintain the sustainability of cooperation between public authorities and social capitals in Government-Pay Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects. The credit default of local public sectors has become a formidable force to cause termination in several cases. The study aims to explore the critical conditions and main logics behind opportunistic behaviours through literature analysis. In this research, political performance, fiscal illusion, subjective willingness, and objective limitation are identified as four certain conditions. Additionally, the crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA) method is applied to determine the connections between conditions and the credit default in the Chinese Government-Pay PPP projects according to 15 cases from the field of ecological construction. Consequently, two combinations with complete sufficiency leading to severe extent of credit default are categorized. The configuration of political performance and fiscal illusion is dominant, thereby causing severe extent of credit default in the preimplementation link. Correspondingly, the configuration of subjective willingness, objective limitation, and nonpolitical performance is crucial in the implementation and postimplementation links. Moreover, fiscal illusion alone could be totally sufficient to lead to a termination. This research not only enriches the theoretical system on credit default of public authorities in Government-Pay PPP projects but also provides reference for all participants to forecast the potential risks especially the credit default in PPP projects.
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Rutkowski, Jan. "Continental Atlas of Poland for Automobilists – the first road atlas in the independent Poland." Polish Cartographical Review 47, no. 2 (2015): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pcr-2015-0007.
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Abstract The 90th anniversary of the appearance of Atlas Polski Continental dla automobilistów (Continental Atlas of Poland for Automobilists) published by Continental Caoutchouc Compagnie Ltd Warsaw is nearing. The Atlas was the first publication of its kind after Poland had regained its independence in 1918. After mentioning the earlier 19th and the beginning of 20th century road maps, mainly from the region known as the Kingdom of Poland being at the time under the rule of the Russian Empire, the author of the article discusses the Continental road atlas. The date of publishing the Continental road atlas is not known, therefore in the article the author makes an attempt at establishing it on the basis of the map’s contents: railroad lines, settlement network and administrative borders. Unfortunately, the study does not allow one to unequivocally state the date of publication due to numerous shortcomings in the map’s contents. Nevertheless, the date may be estimated as the beginning of the year 1926. The atlas consists of 20 single-sided map sheets (foldouts) at the scale of 1:1,000,000, which cover the whole territory of Poland as well as some parts of neighboring countries, and a general map showing the division into sheets. The maps’ main contents consists of five categories of roads marked in red. Their background is composed of railroad lines, towns and villages in seven size classes according to the number of inhabitants, water network, some peaks and passes as well as mountain range names. Explanations of map symbols in the legend are given in five languages: Polish, Russian, German, French, English. The atlas very clearly shows the differences in the density and quality of roads between the regions of the Prussian and Austrian partitions and the road infrastructure-wise neglected Russian partition, especially its eastern part. Apart from mileage information for roads, the maps do not contain additional information specifically for motorists. They do not even show petrol stations or auto repair shops. What is really worth praise is the sole idea of creating such an automobile atlas and publishing it in 10,000 copies, a copy for every other Polish driver at the time! The fact speaks for the publisher’s, Continental Caoutchouc Compagnie’s, perspective. Despite numerous shortcomings discussed in the article, the Continental Atlas of Poland for Automobilists remains an unique work, which gave a beginning to a new kind of maps in Poland.
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González-González, José María, Francisco D. Bretones, Rocío González-Martínez, and Pedro Francés-Gómez. "“The future of an illusion”: a paradoxes of CSR." Journal of Organizational Change Management 32, no. 1 (2019): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-01-2018-0018.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the psychological strategies as well as the rhetorical and discursive arguments developed in organizations and by individuals when they have to cope with the paradoxes and changes related to CSR.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the perspective of the paradox as an analytical framework to parse strategies developed in organizations as they cope with tensions and changes related to CSR. The authors conducted 50 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders and the authors performed a qualitative analysis with the information compiled.FindingsThe main strategies for dealing with CSR paradoxes and changes consist of developing perceptual and motivational biases as well as explicative heuristic ones through which, from a discursive perspective, a coherent and conciliatory framework is presented with rhetoric that play a fundamental role in justifying CSR as a present hope over a future illusion regardless of the past reality.Originality/valueThe lesson to be drawn from the exploration is the following: managers and CSR officers need to leave behind fear, anxiety and defensive attitudes and accept the paradox by re-contextualizing the tension as a stimulus for conscious and reflexive confrontation with emotional equilibrium, this being defiantly motivating as a sensemaker. In this way, the approach to the present inconsistencies in CSR should not involve a dismissal of conflictive situations but rather the development of the capacity to transcend the tension emanating from them and to learn to manage organizations from this paradoxical reality.
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Ushmarin, Nikolay F., Lyudmila Yu Tsareva, Ksenia A. Konnova, Maria V. Yakimova, and Nikolay I. Koltsov. "The influence of technological additives and peroxides on the properties of rubber mixtures based on ethylene propylene caoutchouc." Butlerov Communications 60, no. 10 (2019): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-10-81.
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The article investigates the influence of technological additives and peroxides on the properties of two rubber mixtures based on ethylene-propylene caoutchouc of marking SKEPT-40. The main properties were: rheometric (maximum and minimum torques; start, optimum and maximum vulcanization rates; maximum vulcanization rates), physical and mechanical (conditional tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness) and operational (changes in conditional strength at tensile, elongation at break and hardness after aging in air). The resistance of rubbers to the action of high temperatures by methods of differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis was studied. As technological additives, MA-L22, Struktol WS180, Zincolet BB 222 and Struktol A89 were used. Vulcanizing agents were peroxides: Novoperox BP-40, Percodox BC-FF, Dicumyl Peroxide (DK), Chemanox PX1 and Dicumyl Peroxide DCP 99. The studies were carried out for two rubbers, one of which is intended for the manufacture of molded products, and the second rubber – for sealing profiles. It was shown that the technological additive Zincolet BB 222 increases the vulcanization rate of rubber mixture for molded products. All technological additives used have practically no effect on the conditional tensile strength and hardness vulcanizates of molded products, increasing their elongation at break. The smallest changes in the physical and mechanical properties are characterized by the vulcanizate, which contains the technological additive Zincolet BB 222. Technological additives practically do not affect the process of vulcanization of the rubber mixture and slightly affect the process of destruction of rubber during aging. Of the investigated technological additives Zincolet BB 222 is more conducive to improving the thermal properties of rubber. It has been established that Novoperox BP-40 and Chemanox PX1 peroxides increase the rate of vulcanization of the rubber mixture for sealing profiles. For vulcanizates of this rubber mixture, when Novoperox BP-40 and Chemanox PX1 is replaced with other peroxides, a decrease in the conditional tensile strength, hardness and an increase in the elongation at break are observed. With aging in air, changes in the physicomechanical properties of the vulcanizates of the rubber mixture variants containing Novoperox BP-40 and Chemanox PX1 are insignificant and close to each other.
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Di Pino, Giovanni, Alessandro Mioli, Claudia Altamura, and Marco D'Alonzo. "Embodying an artificial hand increases blood flow to the investigated limb." Open Research Europe 1 (May 21, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13641.1.
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Background: The autonomic nervous system is the main determinant of the blood flow directed towards a body part, and it is tightly connected to the representation of the body in the brain; would the experimental modulation of the sense of ownership of the limb affect its blood perfusion? Methods: In healthy participants, we employed the rubber hand illusion paradigm to modulate limb ownership while we monitored the brachial artery blood flow and resistance of the investigated limb. Results: In all conditions with brush-stroking, we found an initial drop in the blood flow due to tactile stimulation. Subsequently, in the illusion condition where both the rubber and real hand experience synchronous brush-stroking, the blood flow rose significantly faster and reached significantly higher values. Moreover, the increase in blood flow correlated to the embodiment level measured by questionnaires and, negatively, to the change of peripherical vascular resistance. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that modulating the representation of a body part impacts its blood perfusion.
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Di Pino, Giovanni, Alessandro Mioli, Claudia Altamura, and Marco D'Alonzo. "Embodying an artificial hand increases blood flow to the investigated limb." Open Research Europe 1 (November 2, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13641.2.
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Background: The autonomic nervous system is the main determinant of the blood flow directed towards a body part, and it is tightly connected to the representation of the body in the brain; would the experimental modulation of the sense of ownership of the limb affect its blood perfusion? Methods: In healthy participants, we employed the rubber hand illusion paradigm to modulate limb ownership while we monitored the brachial artery blood flow and resistance of the investigated limb. Results: In all conditions with brush-stroking, we found an initial drop in the blood flow due to tactile stimulation. Subsequently, in the illusion condition where both the rubber and real hand experience synchronous brush-stroking, the blood flow rose significantly faster and reached significantly higher values. Moreover, the increase in blood flow correlated to the embodiment level measured by questionnaires and, negatively, to the change of peripherical vascular resistance. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that modulating the representation of a body part impacts its blood perfusion.
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Borges, Paulo. "“Deus Existe, com Efeito, Para si Próprio; Mas Deus Está Enganado"." Philosophica: International Journal for the History of Philosophy 16, no. 31 (2008): 19–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philosophica200816313.
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We intend to catch some of the main lines of Fernando Pessoa’s thought by commenting three short but fundamental texts, in particular the Statement: “God exists, in fact, for himself; but God is deluded”. Starting from the vision of a primordial ground without ground, free from any determination, that only negating himself, or being negated, manifests in the multiplicity of levels and forms of the ontognosiological determinations, in one “illusion” / “creation” that engenders all the modes of being and consciousness, including the human and divine self-consciousness, Pessoa thinks and proposes the liberation from that in an initiation by des-illusion that can unveil the “Life” and uncreated “awareness” hidden in its own manifestation. That initiation is the “way of the Serpent”, seen as the process by which the mind experiments and understands all the entification possibilities - self, world and God - at the same time that it negates them and itself, returning to the primordial and unchangeable indetermination.
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Szurek, Agnieszka. "Lokalne przewodniki turystyczne — heroikomiczna gra z odbiorcą." Literatura i Kultura Popularna 25 (July 28, 2020): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0867-7441.25.20.
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Guide books to small towns from the Warsaw suburban region are presented here as suggesting for their readers a kind of make-believe game. Tourists sightseeing these towns are encouraged to pretend that they are at the seaside, or going on an excursion to famous monuments. Local guide books imitate the conventions of the genre, but there are differences between the narratives ad-dressed to a strictly local audience and those intended for nationwide distribution. While in local guide books space is often described from the point of view of the walker (or cyclist), non-local ones more often adopt the perspective of a map. Local and non-local discourse often intertwine and lines between genres become blurred. However, the main difference is that while non-local guide books try to build the illusion of authenticity, local ones aim for the illusion of a scene. While persuading the readers to enter this mock-heroic game, they endeavour to add exotic flavour to everyday sur-roundings.
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ZEFI, Altin. "The Stability of Money Supply in the View of Monetary Unification." Economicus 18, no. 2 (2019): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.58944/frem6678.
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This study is focused on the effect of the money unification process of Albania and mainly in the effect of this process into the money supply. During the recent discussions about integrating our country into the European Monetary Union, a money illusion was conceived without taking into the consideration the rational effects of this process into the savers of the economy. Beyond this illusion— after analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the unification process— this paper aims to look up into the main obstacles this process bears; for instance this article carefully observes the misalignment issue of inflation and exchange rate after the possible currency conversion in Albania. The main indicators on which our analysis is based are: money supply, interest rates, targeted inflation, GDP and velocity of money velocity. Further this paper aims to examine the relationship between money supply, GDP and targeted inflation. Based on this study we drive these following issues to a solution on the reference of Fisher’s Quantitative Theory of Money. Based on an empirical analysis, we expect to find a controversial behavior of money supply after the currency substitution. This research paper opens a new lieu of discussion in terms of academic and decision making debates.
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Popoola, Michael Akin. "The Illusion of Neoliberalism: A Construct of African Development Gap." African and Asian Studies 22, no. 1-2 (2023): 135–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341584.
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Abstract It is a well-known fact that Africa continent is grappling with developmental challenges. The main objectives of this paper therefore are to examine the impact of neoliberalism on these developmental challenges and to encourage African leaders to take a bold and radical departure from the norm in order to chart a new course of development which will take the continent out of the woods of economic retardation and development deficit which envelope the region now. Drawing on the case study which centre on African realities and experiences, the paper discovered that the claim that neo-liberalism is the undisputable means of attaining economic development in Africa is an illusion. On the strength of this, the paper expands on the theory of assimilation with its concomitant smart or strategic protectionism through the adaptation of foreign technology, promotion of education and encouragement of entrepreneurship as means of genuinely engendering economic development in African. The research adopts qualitative and case study methodology. Similarly, the work embraces inductive research approach as the research process systematically focuses on finding answer to the question Of, What effective step can African governments take in order to candidly overcome the challenge of underdevelopment?
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Mirucka, Beata, and Monika Kisielewska. "Mental Representations of the Body and Malleability of the Sense of Body Ownership in Schizophrenia within the Embodied Subject Model." Kultura i Edukacja 142, no. 4 (2023): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/kie.2023.04.06.
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The presented study was intended to shed some new light on the disturbance of body experience in persons with schizophrenia in reference to the Embodied Subject Model. The model proposes to complement theoretical linkages between concepts related to bodiness – body self and mental representations of the body (body schema, body image, body awareness) and a relatively new concept of body identity. The main research questions were: Given that persons with schizophrenia are characterised by the painful experience of their body as an external object, would they also manifest i/ weakened sensorimotor integration mechanisms, ii/ disordered mental representations of the body, iii/ weakened sense of body ownership? 41 individuals with schizophrenia and 41 matched controls participated in the Rubber Hand Illusion procedure. Body representations were measured with a Battery of Tests of the Body Self Representations. The individuals with schizophrenia showed lower scores in three body representations and greater susceptibility to the rubber hand illusion. It suggests that the explanation of susceptibility to disturbances in the sense of body ownership should be focused on the deficient structure of mental representations of the body.
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Morlino, Leonardo. "Are there hybrid regimes? Or are they just an optical illusion?" European Political Science Review 1, no. 2 (2009): 273–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773909000198.
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In recent years there has been growing interest and a related literature on hybrid regimes. Is there a good definition of such an institutional arrangement? Are there actually sets of stabilized, political institutions that can be labelled in this way? Is it possible that within the widespread process of democracy diffusion these are only ‘transitional’ regimes and the most suitable distinction is still the old one, suggested by Linz and traditionally accepted, between democracy and authoritarianism? This article addresses and responds to these questions by pinpointing the pertinent analytic dimensions, starting with definitions of ‘regime’, ‘authoritarianism’, and ‘democracy’; by defining what a ‘hybrid regime’ is; by trying to answer the key question posed in the title; by disentangling the cases of proper hybrid regimes from the cases of transitional phases; and by proposing a typology of hybrid regimes. Some of the main findings and conclusions refer to the lack of institutions capable of performing their functions as well as the key elements for achieving possible changes towards democracy.