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Ren, Jun P., Lin Wang, Juan Zhao, Ling Wang, Shun B. Ning, Gazzar Mohamed El, Jonathan P. Moorman i Zhi Q. Yao. "Decline of miR-124 in Myeloid Cells Promotes Regulatory T-cell Development in Hepatitis C Virus Infection". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.12680.
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Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC s) and microRNA s (miRNA s) contribute to attenuating immune responses during chronic viral infection; however, the precise mechanisms underlying their suppressive activities remain incompletely understood. We have recently shown marked expansion of MDSC s that promote regulatory T (Treg) cell development in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV ) infection. Here we further investigated whether the HCV ‐induced expansion of MDSC s and Treg cells is regulated by an miRNA ‐mediated mechanism. The RNA array analysis revealed that six miRNA s were up‐regulated and six miRNA s were down‐regulated significantly in myeloid cells during HCV infection. Real‐time RT ‐PCR confirmed the down‐regulation of miR‐124 in MDSC s from HCV patients. Bioinformatic analysis suggested that miR‐124 may be involved in the regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT ‐3), which was overexpressed in MDSC s from HCV patients. Notably, silencing of STAT ‐3 significantly increased the miR‐124 expression, whereas reconstituting miR‐124 decreased the levels of STAT ‐3, as well as interleukin‐10 and transforming growth factor‐β , which were overexpressed in MDCS s, and reduced the frequencies of Foxp3+ Treg cells that were developed during chronic HCV infection. These results suggest that reciprocal regulation of miR‐124 and STAT ‐3 in MDSC s promotes Treg cell development, thus uncovering a novel mechanism for the expansion of MDSC and Treg cells during HCV infection.
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Bach, Dang Phong. "Development of a finite element strategy for the modeling of nano-reinforced materials". Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://bibliotheque.utc.fr/EXPLOITATION/doc/IFD/2020COMP2550.
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La modélisation des matériaux nano-renforcés nécessite de prendre en compte l’effet de taille induit par les phénomènes locaux à l’interface entre la nanoinclusion et la matrice. Cet effet de taille est interprété par une augmentation du rapport interface/volume et peut être pris en compte en introduisant une élasticité surfacique à l’interface. Alors que de nombreux travaux ont été développés du point de vue analytique, peu de contributions ont trait à la description numérique et à la mise en œuvre de cette élasticité surfacique dans la méthode des éléments finis (FEM). Nos études visent à développer des outils numériques efficaces basés sur la FEM pour la modélisation de nanocomposites. Dans un premier temps, nous évaluons les deux stratégies numériques existantes, à savoir l’approche XFEM et l’approche des éléments d’interface, dans la reproduction de l’effet de taille dans le processus d’homogénéisation. Deuxièmement, sur la base d’un test de performance des trois types de formulations d’E-FEM dans le cas de discontinuités faibles, nous proposons une formulation améliorée de SKON permettant d’intégrer l’effet d’une interface cohérente. Enfin, la modélisation numérique du comportement non linéaire des nanocomposites est étudiée. Lors de la première étape, une loi élastoplastique de type von Mises avec durcissement linéaire isotrope est considérée pour le volume, tandis que l’interface est considérée comme élastique linéaireThe modelization of nano-reinforced material requires to take into account the size effect caused by the local phenomena at the interface between the nano-inclusion and the matrix. This size effect is interpreted through an increase in the ratio interface/volume and can be taken into account by introducing a surface elasticity at the interface. Whereas a lot of works have been developed from the analytical point of view, few contributions are related to numerical description and implementation of such surface elasticity in Finite Element Method (FEM). Our studies aim to develop efficient numerical tools based on FEM for the modeling of nanocomposites. Firstly, we evaluate the two existent numerical strategies namely the XFEM approach and the Interface element approach in reproducing the size effect in the homogenization process. Secondly, based on a performance test on the three types of formulations of E-FEM for the case of weak discontinuity, we propose an enhanced SKON formulation allowing to incorporate the effect of a coherent interface. Finally, the numerical modeling on the nonlinear behavior of nanocomposites is investigated. In the first step, a von Mises type elastoplastic law with linear isotropic hardening is considered for the bulk while the interface is considered as linear elastic
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Jayaraman, Radhakrishnan. "Development of an interactive programming system for IBM 7545 robot". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90945.
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This thesis presents the development of an interactive programming system for the IBM 7545 robot. Various methods of robot programming are discussed, and the reasons for the development of such an interactive programming system are provided.
The development of this system was divided into five phases, namely, the development of the pseudo-compiler, development of the "system control" program, integration of ASSEMBLY routines, development of the "motion control" program, and the development of test programs. The approach used for each of these five stages are outlined, and a reference to the use of the system is given.
A description of the development of each stage is then given, and the logic associated with all programs are described, and the purpose and operation of all subroutines are also presented.
Some assumptions and limitations of the system are explained, and the operational aspects of the system are described. Additional work needed to improve this system is outlined, and the feasibility of using the concept of this system on other robot programming languages on the IBM 7545 robot are also discussed.M.S.
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Mohandas, Velluva P. "Development of an interactive graphical simulator for the IBM 7545 robot". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41566.
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In this work an enhanced graphical simulator for the IBM 7545 robot running on the AML/E language was developed. The simulator provided two views with the facility to chose either one as the major view, and pan/zoom into that view. It gives the user the facility to define equipment and workcell setups, accepting data in the Intemational Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) Version 3.0 format. The user can interactively simulate either the complete program, partial program or any subroutine. The system was integrated including the facility to edit, compile, generate cross references, set system configuration, simulate and run the robot either continuously or interactively.
The system was developed on an IBM Personal Computer using two monitors, text and enhanced graphics for maximizing the display surface for the graphics. The programs developed for this work can be broadly classified into the various menu programs, the definition programs to define and display the equipments and workcells, and the graphic programs for driving and displaying the graphics and altering the views.
The limitations and assumptions made in developing this system along with the scope for further work are presented.
Master of Science
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Wang, Xisheng. "Mechanisms of IFN-gamma-mediated Resistance against Development of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30268.
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Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, establishes a latent, chronic infection by forming cysts preferentially in the brain after replication of tachyzoites in various organs during the acute stage of infection. Chronic infection with T. gondii is one of the most common parasitic diseases in humans. The immune system is required for maintaining the latency of chronic infection. Reactivation of infection can occur in immunocompromised individuals, such as AIDS patients, which results in the development of life-threatening toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE). IFN-gamma-dependent, cell mediated immune responses play an essential role in preventing the reactivation of chronic infection of T. gondii in the brain. In my dissertation study, we examined the mechanisms of IFN-gamma-mediated prevention of TE by using models of reactivation of chronic infection in BALB/c mice. This strain of mouse is genetically resistant to T. gondii infection and establishes a latent chronic infection as do immunocompetent humans, and therefore provides an excellet model for this purpose.
Our laboratory previously demonstrated that both T cells and IFN-gamma-producing non-T cells are required for genetic resistance of BALB/c mice against development of TE. However, the function of T cells required for the resistance is still unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether IFN-gamma production or perforin-mediated cytotoxicity of T cells play an important role in their protective activity against TE. Immune T cells were obtained from infected IFN-gamma-knockout (IFN-g-/-), perforin-knockout (PO), and wild-type (WT) BALB/c mice, and transferred into infected, sulfadiazine-treated athymic nude mice which lack T cells but have IFN-gamma-producing non-T cells. Control nude mice that had not received any T cells developed severe TE due to reactivation of infection and died after discontinuation of sulfadiazine treatment. Animals that had received immune T cells from either PO or WT mice did not develop TE and survived. In contrast, nude mice that had received immune T cells from IFN-gamma-/- mice developed severe TE and died as early as control nude mice. T cells obtained from spleens of the animals that had received either PO or WT T cells both produced large amounts of IFN-gamma following stimulation with T. gondii antigens in vitro. In addition, the amounts of IFN-gamma mRNA expressed in the brains of PO T-cell recipients did not differ from those of WT T-cell recipients. These results indicate that IFN-gamma production, but not perforin-mediated cytotoxic activity, by T cells is required for prevention of TE in genetically resistant BALB/c mice.
In our attempt to identify a T cell population(s) that produces IFN-gamma in the brain and plays an important role for prevention of TE, we analyzed T cell receptor (TCR) Vb chain usage in T cells expressing IFN-gamma in the brains of infected BALB/c mice. We found T cells bearing TCR V beta8 chain to be the most frequent IFN-g-producing population in the brains of infected animals. To examine the role of IFN-gamma production by this T cell population for prevention of TE, V beta8+ immune T cells purified from spleens of infected BALB/c and IFN-g-/- mice were transferred into infected, sulfadiazine-treated athymic nude mice. After discontinuation of sulfadiazine treatment, control nude mice that had not received any T cells and animals that had received Vb8+ T cells from IFN-g-/- mice all died due to reactivation of infection (TE). In contrast, animals that had received the cells from WT mice survived. These results indicate that IFN-gamma production by Vb8+ T cells in the absence of any other T cell population can prevent reactivation of infection. Thus, V beta8+ T cells play a crucial role in genetic resistance of BALB/c mice to TE through their production of IFN-gamma. When V beta8+ immune T cells were divided into CD4+ and CD8+ subsets, a potent protective activity was observed only in the CD8+ subset whereas a combination of both subsets provided greater protection than did the CD8+Vb8+ population alone. These results indicate that CD8+ subset of V beta8+ T cells is a major afferent limb of IFN-gamma-mediated resistance of BALB/c mice against TE, although the CD4+ subset of the T cell population works additively or synergistically with the CD8+V beta8+ population.
T cells need to enter into the brains of infected mice to demonstrate their protective activity against TE. This migration is mediated, in part, by endothelial adhesion molecules. Since IFN-gamma is essential for preventing reactivation of chronic infection with this parasite in the brain, we examined whether this cytokine plays an important role in expression of lymphocyte and endothelial adhesion molecules and recruitment of T cells into the brain during chronic infection with T. gondii using IFN-g-/- and WT BALB/c mice. Although the number of cerebral vessels expressing intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) increased in both WT and IFN-g-/- mice following infection, there were more VCAM-1+ vessels in brains of infected WT than infected IFN-g-/- mice; in contrast, numbers of ICAM-1+ vessels did not differ between strains. We did not detect endothelial E-selectin, P-selectin, MAdCAM-1 or PNAd in any of the brains. Significantly fewer CD8+ T cells were recruited into brains of infected IFN-g-/- than WT mice. Treatment of infected IFN-g-/- mice with recombinant IFN-gamma restored the expression of VCAM-1 on their cerebral vessels and recruitment of CD8+ T cells into their brains, confirming an importance of this cytokine for up-regulation of VCAM-1 expression and CD8+ T cell trafficking. In infected WT and IFN-g-/- animals, almost all cerebral CD8+ T cells had an effector/memory phenotype (LFA-1high, CD44high and CD62Lneg) and approximately 38% were positive for a4b1 integrin (the ligand for VCAM-1). In adoptive transfer of immune spleen cells, pre-treatment of the cells with a monoclonal antibody against a4 integrin markedly inhibited recruitment of CD8+ T cells into the brain of chronically infected wild-type mice. These results indicate that IFN-g-induced expression of endothelial VCAM-1 and its binding to a4b1 integrin on CD8+ T cells is important for recruitment of the T cells into the brain during the chronic stage of T. gondii infection. Since we found strong expression of ICAM-1 on endothelia and LFA-1 on T cells in the brains of infected mice, LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction, in addition to a4b1 integrin/VCAM-1 interaction, may also be involved in this process. As mentioned earlier, CD8+ T cells are crucial for prevention of TE in BALB/c mice. Therefore, IFN-gamma-mediated expression of VCAM-1 and its binding to a4b1 integrin for recruitment of CD8+ T cells may play a critical role in genetic resistance of BALB/c mice to development of TE.Ph. D.
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Stewart, Claire Emma. "Viruses and the interferon (IFN) response : methods to improve production and to rapidly select IFN-sensitive viruses for vaccine development". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11346.
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Manipulation of a virus's capacity to circumvent the interferon (IFN) response aids both fundamental studies as well as many practical applications including the design of live-attenuated vaccines. However, these IFN-sensitive viruses are often difficult to grow to high titer in cells that produce and respond to IFN. In the first part of this study we further characterised the use of the IFN inhibitor, Ruxolitinib (Rux) for its ability to block the IFN response and subsequently enhance replication of IFN-sensitive viruses. This study has shown that i) Rux could provide a more rapid and therefore more efficient alternative for the growth of IFN-sensitive viruses than the current default option, growth in Vero cells and ii) addition of Rux can increase growth of multiple viruses in numerous cell-lines. These results indicate that as well as aiding fundamental studies the addition of Rux could become a valuable technique in a number of virological applications including live attenuated vaccine production and techniques to isolate newly emerging viruses. In the second part of this study we developed a novel method to isolate IFN-sensitive viruses from Paramyxoviruses, using PIV5 (Parainfluenza virus 5) as an experimental model system to obtain selection parameters. We successfully isolated three mutant viruses (rPIV5mCh-α, rPIV5mCh-β and PIV5 W3-γ) that each contain mutations within the IFN antagonist V protein and the P protein which is essential for RNA replication. Subsequently, both rPIV5mCh-α and PIV5 W3-γ were shown to contain non- functional V proteins and exhibit IFN-sensitivity. Ultimately, this study is the first step towards creating a general method to isolate various types of IFN-sensitive viruses that as well as aiding fundamental studies, may be further developed as attenuated vaccines for clinically important viruses lacking vaccines.
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Rajnoch, Adam. "Implementace podpory studia v nástroji IBM Cognos". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150098.
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In recent years, Business Intelligence is one of the fastest growing software industry according to foreign analyzes. More and more companies realize the importance of tools for Business Intelligence and dashboarding. That is why I chose this topic for my thesis. The main part of this thesis focuses on study support for subject 4IT314 Enterprise Information Systems. This course teaches student how to work with the ERP system Microsoft Dynamics AX. The main shortage of this subject is the lack of feedback to students. Therefore it was decide to integrate BI tools that will be used for dashboarding over database of Microsoft Dynamics AX. In the theoretical part are explains the basic terms essential to understanding BI and dashboarding. On the basis of defined criteria was chose BI tool for integration in to the subject 4IT314. In the practical part of this thesis is described the implementation of this tool and created user documentation, which is used as study materials for students.
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Junior, Claudionei Nalle. "Indicador de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IDM): uma proposta de caracterização dos municípios brasileiros". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-30012015-111453/.
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Este trabalho é oriundo da multidisciplinaridade própria das questões de desenvolvimento e da percepção da necessidade de novos elementos e instrumentos de gestão para o gestor público subsidiar a proposição de determinadas ações e políticas. O esforço se concentra no entendimento do fenômeno desenvolvimento e discute a utilização de indicadores na gestão pública. O problema que este projeto discute refere-se a um contexto complexo, e a construção da discussão privilegia a interdisciplinaridade, uma vez que utiliza conceitos oriundos de outras disciplinas como a geografia, a economia, a sociologia, a administração e a ciência política. Nesse sentido, há a clara necessidade de convergência das várias áreas do conhecimento, já que, no ambiente social, coexistem os diversos conceitos. A estrutura do trabalho aborda duas grandes questões - do desenvolvimento e do território - e a relação das duas com um debate de grande importância: a caracterização dos municípios brasileiros enquanto territórios. Desse modo, o objetivo central do trabalho é caracterizar os municípios brasileiros a partir da perspectiva do desenvolvimento. Para tanto, foi construído um banco de dados de abrangência nacional a partir da tabulação e consolidação de diversos dados fornecidos pela Fundação IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística; INEP - Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira e Ministério da Saúde. Com isso, foi possível a sintetização dos dados e a produção de informações de análise e indicadores de auxílio à caracterização dos municípios brasileiros. Esse corpo de dados permitiu contribuir com a discussão sobre desenvolvimento territorial, suas medidas e usos, bem como compreender a dinâmica das particularidades de territorialidade a partir da qual se constroem as políticas públicas. Além disso, foi possível encontrar, dentre outras observações, uma nova compreensão do fenômeno da ruralidade no Brasil e propor uma nova classificação dos municípios brasileiros em territórios urbanos e rurais.This thesis arises from the inherent multidisciplinary to development issues and from the perception of the need for new information and management tools to enable public managers when dealing with certain actions and policies. The effort focuses on the understanding of the phenomenon development and discusses the use of indicators in public administration. The problem it proposes refers to a complex context, and its construction emphasizes interdisciplinarity, since it employs concepts and discussions from other disciplines such as Geography, Economics, Sociology, Administration and Political Science. In this sense, there is a clear need for convergence of the various areas of knowledge, once, in the social environment, various concepts coexist. The structure of the paper approaches the understanding of two issues: the development and the territory, and it seeks to understand their relationship with a central debate of great importance, which is the thesis main goal: characterizing Brazilian municipalities as territories from the perspective of development. In order to accomplish it, it was built a nationwide database through the tabulation and consolidation of data provided by IBGE - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics; INEP - National Institute for Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira; and the Ministry of Health. This database allowed contributing to the de discussion of territorial development, its measurement and uses, as well as understanding particular territorial dynamics, which triggers public policies. In addition, among other observations, it was possible to uncover a new view of the rural phenomenon in Brazil and to propose a new classification of Brazilian municipalities either in urban or rural territories.
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Pretorius, Leandri. "The economics of animal welfare: an appraisal of welfare issues ifn the South African poultry industry". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12191.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Growing consumer awareness of animal welfare has co-evolved with increases in intensive farming, particularly of battery chickens. This rise in consumer awareness recently saw bans on battery farming in parts of Europe. This thesis addresses the difficulties that would follow any similar attempt to curtail battery farming in South Africa. It examines the literature on animal rights and the welfare issues generated by intensive animal farming, particularly of battery chickens. Thereafter it summarises the findings of surveys into local consumer preferences and retail strategies regarding chicken products.
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Maity, Chaitali. "Determining the role of a candidate gene in Drososphila muscle development". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1145459719.
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Williams, Kyle C. "Essential functions of IFA-2 domains in Caenorhabditis elegans fibrous organelles". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333748571.
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Fedoročko, Peter. "Current topics in cost allocation and custom API development in IBM Cognos TM1". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149996.
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Thesis is devoted to current trends in approaching cost allocation developed in IBM Cognos TM1 software. Concept, which was originally elaborated in my bachelor thesis, has recently experienced restrictions caused by increasing requirements on analytical tools and information they provide. Goal of the thesis is therefore to analyse causalities of emerging weaknesses, design and develop optimalized and reengineered solution answering current demands. Reqarding the quantitative evaluation of attained results, the thesis is extended with analysis of frameworks and standards dedicated to benchmarking of OLAP tools and their synthesis into own complex model. Proposed model specializes on measuring multiple OLAP applications across four main perspectives including performance, development, usability and financial benefits. Attained results prove, that reengineered model is faster, data richer, easier to use and appropriate for any organization with structured and algorithmic approach to cost allocation. Second half of the thesis focuses on extending the presentation layer to web browser, designing and developing of custom visualizations for most usual analytic tasks. Considering the absence of advanced application interface in IBM Cognos TM1, the thesis also includes theoretical analysis of current trends in API development and design of concept allowing communication and data transportation between applications and TM1 server. In the concluding section of the thesis, proposed concept is materialized into universal library developed in PHP and applied to novel allocation model. Leveraging the library, two exemplary interfaces for allocator operation and data consumption are implemented. Gained knowledge can serve as basis for development of additional components communicationg with TM1 in variety of projects or theoretical framework for API implementation in general.
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Gomez, Jose A. "Development of Cell Penetrating Bax Inhibiting Peptides (BIP)". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1252025677.
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Schuh, Christina. "Development of an IFN-γ-recall assay for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus". Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-174194.
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Murphy, Jamie Ellen. "Development and evaluation of a sarcocystis neurona-specific IgM capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay". The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1399903151.
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Lindeque, Roelof Cornelius. "Integrated environmental management (IEM) in South Africa : a critical asses[s]ment / Roelof Cornelius Lindeque". Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/344.
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The "throwaway society" and the resulting effect on the environment combined with the
exploitation of natural resources have resulted in a global environmental crisis. As a
response to this crisis a concept developed that is known as sustainable development
(SD). The concept of SD that is accepted world-wide is guided by a set of principles
(Agenda 21) that had been officially launched at the United Nations Conference on
Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. After the 1994 political
transition in South Africa the government implemented widespread environmental policy
and law reforms as a response to the global environmental crisis and the global trend
towards SD.
This study was undertaken to assess the existing environmental management (EM)
principles within environmental policy and law in South Africa. EM in South Africa
operates within the framework of Integrated Environmental Management (IEM) but it
was discovered during the study that there are not only one set of EM principles but a
few within South African environmental policy and law. This study attempted to identify
and sort these different sets of principles and then to measure it against the
international standard of Agenda 21. It was concluded that EM in South Africa within
the framework of IEM is an adequate response to the world-wide trend towards SD.
Unfortunately the outcome that was hoped for in South Africa was slower than
anticipated. It didn't seem as if the environmental law and policy reforms had an impact
at grassroots level. Two possible scenarios were presented (1) it's failure to be
effectively implemented at grassroots level or (2) that the principles of SD in itself are
unsound and therefore ineffective. It was concluded that some of the normative
assumptions of SD are unsound and contribute to the environmental crisis. The
approach of Christian stewardship was presented as a possible alternative.Thesis (M. Environmental Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Delshad, Payman. "Behavior Driven Development in a Large-Scale Application : Evaluation of Usage for Developing IFS Applications". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-125341.
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Nowadays, Agile software development methods are often used in large multisite organizations that develop large-scale applications. Behavior Driven Development (BDD) is a relatively new Agile software development process where the development process starts with acceptance tests written in a natural language. The premise of BDD is to create a common and effective process of communication between different roles in a software project to ensure that every activity can be mapped to the business goal of the application. This thesis work aims to find an effective and efficient BDD process and to evaluate its usage in a large-scale application in a large multisite organization through a series of interviews, a controlled experiment, and an online survey. Furthermore, by means of the aforementioned experiment, the study measures the impact of an experimental usage of BDD on testing quality. To discover an effective and efficient BDD process, two alternatives with automated tests that run on different architectural layers, namely client layer and web service layer, were examined. Based on the defined metrics, the alternative with automated tests that ran directly on the web service layer was chosen as the more efficient process which was compared against the existing Agile-based baseline that used automated client tests. The results show that an efficient BDD process improves the testing quality significantly which can, in turn, result in a better overall software quality.
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Hajník, Julius. "Řízení požadavků při vývoji softwaru v nástroji IBM Rational Requirements Composer". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197256.
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IBM Rational Requirements Composer (RRC) is a tool for software requirements engineering that supports requirements development and requirements management in the proces of software development. IBM RRC is a part of Collaborative Lifecycle Management (CLM) using the Jazz platform. In cooperation with other tools of this solution, especially with IBM Rational Team Concert (RTC), it advances the management of projects with large scope and extended teams. These tools have been developed for agile methodologies. This diploma uses the methodology for small software projects called MMSP for the analysis of IBM RRC's features. The main objective of this diploma thesis is the analysis of IBM RRC's features usable for software requirements engineering and demonstrates how to elevate the software requirements activities for school projects using the methodology MMSP. This diploma also pursues the objective of finding best practices and MMSP tasks to improve the requirements engineering proces. These objectives were achieved by deep analysis of various sources about software tools for requirements management, methodologies of IS/ICT development and information system development projects at the University of Economics in Prague and on using the IBM RRC. The key benefit of this diploma thesis is in raising the number of software tools which can be used for school projects of IS/ICT development using the MMSP methodology.
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Watt, James Penn. "A Highly Abstracted Method of FPGA-Based Development for Secondary Surveillance Radar Transpond Detection". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2009. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/148.
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Traditional FPGA-based digital design is based on writing hardware definition language (HDL) code from scratch. Time to market, cost of development, and the level of training required for designers all can be reduced with a simplified and abstracted design strategy. This project intends to demonstrate a graphical user interface (GUI) layer of abstraction on top of existing commercially produced design aids including MATLAB, Simulink, and Xilinx System Generator. This project performs and demonstrates a specific implementation example of a Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) message decoder as proof-of-concept for the abstracted design method. The abstracted digital design methods shown in this project can be adapted for use in other areas of development and research including digital signal processing and communications.
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Olson, J. Jeanene (Joyce Jeanene). "What Do You Say After You've Said "I'm Sorry"? The Development of a Measure of Supportive Communication". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500404/.
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Missing from extant social support literature is a measure of what support providers say to other individuals with problems. To address this void, a two-stage study focused on the messages of potential support providers and how recipients perceived those messages as Helpful, Comforting, and Appropriate. Responses elicited from subjects (n=587) in Stage I were coded according to content (emotional, cognitive, emotional/cognitive) and given to Stage 2 subjects (n=433) for assessment. The results indicate that supporters and recipients react discriminately according to relationship, problem type, and sex. The Measure of Supportive Communication developed in this study demonstrated better than adequate reliability.
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Chawla, Lovelesh. "Use of IBM Collaborative Lifecycle Management Solution to Demonstrate Traceability for Small, Real-World Software Development Project". UNF Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/606.
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The Standish Group Study of 1994 showed that 53 percent of software projects failed outright and another 31 percent were challenged by extreme budget and/or time overrun. Since then different responses to the high rate of software project failures have been proposed. SEI’s CMMI, the ISO’s 9001:2000 for software development, and the IEEE’s JSTD-016 are some examples of such responses. Traceability is the one common feature that these software development standards impose.
Over the last decade, software and system engineering communities have been researching subjects such as developing more sophisticated tooling, applying information retrieval techniques capable of semi-automating the trace creation and maintenance process, developing new trace query languages and visualization techniques that use trace links, applying traceability in specific domains such as Model Driven Development, product line systems and agile project environment. These efforts have not been in vain. The 2012 CHAOS results show an increase in project success rate of 39% (delivered on time, on budget, with required features and functions), and a decrease of 18% in the number of failures (cancelled prior to completion or delivered and never used). Since research has shown traceability can improve a project’s success rate, the main purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate traceability for a small, real-world software development project using IBM Collaborative Lifecycle Management.
The objective of this research was fulfilled since the case study of traceability was described in detail as applied to the design and development of the Value Adjustment Board Project (VAB) of City of Jacksonville using the scrum development approach within the IBM Rational Collaborative Lifecycle Management Solution. The results may benefit researchers and practitioners who are looking for evidence to use the IBM CLM solution to trace artifacts in a small project.
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Barreto, Maria Simone Prates. "Competências e estratégias para o desenvolvimento de líderes globais: o caso IBM". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/18994.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The main aim of this study was to analyse the competences and development strategies employed by companies, in Brazil, in order to develop global leaders. Qualitative research was carried out to delve into the matter, and the research method was in-depth case study developed at IBM. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews at the reference centre of international recognition, Dom Cabral Foundation, in 2014, by means of several meetings. Secondary data were likewise collected through internet research. The company was chosen owing to its renowned recognition in the global market and great investment in the development of its global leaders. All data collected were analysed through thematic analysis methodology aided by software NVivo, developed by QSR International, and VUE (Visual Understanding Environment), which is open source software. The main competences mentioned by the global leaders at IBM were: easiness in making interpersonal contact; enjoying and valuing people; flexibility and adaptability; being fluent in several languages; being a good communicator; knowing how to deal with cultural diversity; forming and managing remote teams; building networking and partnerships; being good at negotiating; having sense of ethics, discipline and organization; business vision; taking risks; being inspiring and visionary. IBM employs several approaches to develop its global leaders, among which: CSC (Corporate Service Corps), coaching, through which a team of employees from various countries engage in countries under development aiming at assisting NGOs. In addition, there is a strong culture of using feedback, assessment, shadowing model, mentoring, expatriation, licence to work in other countries, programme for exchange of experiences and interaction with people from other countries, and online and face-to-face training. Although the main objective of this study was to analyse the competences and strategies used in development of global leaders at Brazilian companies, it also focused on the profile of the global leaders, the management systems of human resources used at a global company, the challenges the leaders face when developing their work, how they perceive cultural differences, how they see differences between local and global leaders, their career paths and responsibilities
O objetivo central deste trabalho foi o de estudar as competências e as estratégias de desenvolvimento usadas nas empresas, no Brasil, para o desenvolvimento dos líderes globais. Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa de natureza exploratória, e o método de pesquisa utilizado foi o estudo de caso em profundidade, na empresa IBM. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e no centro de referência de valor internacional, da fundação Dom Cabral, em 2014, através de várias reuniões; os dados secundários foram levantados por meio de pesquisas na internet. A empresa foi selecionada pelo amplo reconhecimento de sua atuação global e pelo grande investimento no desenvolvimento dos seus líderes globais. Os dados foram analisados por metodologia de análise temática e com o auxílio dos softwares: NVivo, desenvolvido pela QSR International, e VUE (Visual Understanding Environment), que é um software livre. As principais competências citadas pelos líderes globais da IBM foram: facilidade em estabelecer contatos interpessoais; gostar e valorizar as pessoas; flexibilidade e adaptabilidade; ter fluência em vários idiomas; boa comunicação; saber lidar com a diversidade cultural; criar e gerir equipes remotas; construir networking e parcerias; negociação; ética; disciplina e organização; visão de negócios; assumir riscos; ser inspirador e visionário. A IBM utiliza várias abordagens para desenvolver seus líderes globais, dentre as quais: CSC (Corporate Service Corps), coaching, na qual uma equipe com funcionários de vários países atua em países em desenvolvimento, com o objetivo de auxiliar ONGs. Também existe forte cultura com intensivo uso de feedback, assessment, modelo de shadow, mentoring, expatriação, licença para se trabalhar em outros países, programa com trocas de experiências e interações com pessoas de vários países, e treinamentos online e presencial. Mesmo sendo o objetivo central deste trabalho estudar as competências e as estratégias de desenvolvimento usadas nas empresas brasileiras para o desenvolvimento dos líderes globais, elucidou-se ainda o seu contexto de trabalho, o perfil dos líderes globais, os sistemas de gestão de recursos humanos de uma empresa global, os desafios que eles encontram no seu trabalho, como eles percebem as diferenças culturais, como veem as diferenças de atuações de líderes locais e globais, suas trajetórias de carreiras e suas responsabilidades
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Schmid, Manuela. "Eimeria falciformis infection of mouse cells identifies host determinants of parasite development". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17001.
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Eimeria falciformis ist ein Apicomplexa-Parasit, welcher das Blinddarmepithel der Maus befällt. Aufgrund des monoxenen Lebenszyklus in einem exzellent-erforschten Wirt, bietet sich E. falciformis als Modellorganismus an, um Wirts-Parasit-Interaktionen zu untersuchen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden mit Hilfe von Genexpressionsanalysen bei E. falciformis-infizierten Zellen und Mäusen Wirtsfaktoren identifiziert, welche für die in vitro bzw. in vivo Entwicklung des Parasiten vonnöten sind. Der Transkriptionsfaktor c-FOS (FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene) zeigte eine erhöhte Expression bei der Infektion einer Epithelzelllinie mit E. falciformis. C-FOS ist ein Bestandteil des AP-1 (activator protein 1) Komplexes, welcher die Transkription zahlreicher Gene unterschiedlichster Funktion steuert. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Entwicklung von E. falciformis in Zellen, welche den Transkriptionsfaktor nicht besitzen (c-FOS knockout Zellen) beeinträchtigt war. Diese Beobachtung betont eine mögliche Ausbeutung des Transkriptionsfaktors des Wirtes durch den Parasiten. In E. falciformis-infizierten Mäusen war die Expression des Enzyms Indoleamin 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO1) bemerkenswert induziert. IDO1 katalysiert die erste und geschwindigkeits-bestimmende Reaktion des Tryptophan-Abbaus innerhalb des Kynurenin-Stoffwechselweges. Wir zeigen in dieser Studie, dass in den E. falciformis-infizierten Epithelzellen IDO1 IFN-gamma abhängig induziert wird. Das Wachstum des Parasiten war zudem beeinträchtigt in IDO1-/- Mäusen sowie in Mäusen, in welchen zwei weiterer Enzyme des Kynurenin-Stoffwechselweges pharmakologisch inhibiert wurden. Bemerkenswerterweise konnte das Parasitenwachstum in IDO1-/- Mäusen durch Gabe von Xanthurensäure, ein Nebenprodukt des Tryptophan-Abbaus, auf Wildtyp-Niveau angehoben werden. Diese Daten demonstrieren, dass sich der intrazelluläre Parasit E. falciformis die wirtseigenen Verteidigungsmechanismen (IFN-gamma, IDO1) für seine eigene Entwicklung zu Nutze macht.Eimeria falciformis is a highly host- and tissue-specific parasite of murine caecum epithelium. Its monoxenous life cycle in a well-investigated host makes it an excellent model to examine parasite-host interactions. To identify the host determinants of the parasite infection, this work involved the comparative in vitro and in vivo analyses of mouse gene modulation by E. falciformis. The in vitro microarray analyses identified the transcription factor FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (c-FOS) as highly induced during E. falciformis infection. C-FOS is part of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) complex, which controls the transcription of genes involved in various biological processes. We show that infection of c-FOS-deficient mouse cells results in an impaired development of E. falciformis, highlighting an exploitation of the host transcription factor by an apicomplexan parasite. Our ex vivo gene expression analyses using mouse caecum cells revealed a substantial modulation of the host transcriptome. The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of tryptophan catabolism in the kynurenine pathway, was one of the most up-regulated epithelial transcripts. Induction of IDO1 supposedly depletes tryptophan in host cells, which is proposed to inhibit the in vitro growth of pathogens auxotrophic for this essential amino acid. We show that E. falciformis induces IDO1 in the epithelial cells in an IFN-gamma-dependent manner. The absence or inhibition of IDO1 and two downstream enzymes of the pathway in the mouse impairs parasite growth. Noticeably, the parasite development was entirely rescued by xanthurenic acid, a by-product of tryptophan catabolism. These data demonstrate contrasting roles of IFN-gamma signaling and a conceptual subversion of the host defense (IFN-gamma, IDO1) by an intracellular pathogen for progression of its natural life cycle.
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CANNAS, VALERIA. "Exploitation of Ebola Virus VP35 Protein to identify new drugs counteracting its type I IFN antagonism". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266615.
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Ebolaviruses (EBOVs) are among the most virulent and deadly pathogens ever known, causing fulminant haemorrhagic fevers in humans and non-human primates. The 2014 outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa has claimed more lives than all previous EVD outbreaks combined. The EBOV high mortality rates have been related to the virus-induced impairment of the host innate immunity reaction due to two virus-coded proteins, VP24 and VP35. EBOV VP35 is a multifunctional protein, it is essential for viral replication as a component of the viral RNA polymerase and it also participates in nucleocapsid assembly. Early during EBOV infection, alpha-beta interferon (IFN-α/β) production would be triggered upon recognition of viral dsRNA products by cytoplasmic retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs). However, this recognition is efficiently prevented by the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding activity of the EBOV VP35 protein, which hides RLRs binding sites on the dsRNA phosphate backbone as well the 5’-triphosphate (5’-ppp) dsRNA ends to RIG-I recognition. In addition to dsRNA binding and sequestration, EBOV VP35 inhibits IFN-α/β production preventing the activation of the IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) by direct interaction with cellular proteins. Previous studies demonstrated that single amino acid changes in the VP35 dsRNA binding domain reduce EBOV virulence, indicating that VP35 is an attractive target for antiviral drugs development. Within this context, here we report the establishment of a novel method to characterize the EBOV VP35 inhibitory function of the dsRNA-dependent RIG-I-mediated IFN-β signaling pathway in a BLS2 cell culture setting. In such system, a plasmid containing the promoter region of IFN-β gene linked with a luciferase reporter gene was transfected, together with a EBOV VP35 mammalian expression plasmid, into the IFN-sensitive A549 cell line, and the IFN-induction was stimulated through dsRNA transfection. Through alanine scanning mutational studies with biochemical, cellular and computational methods we highlighted the importance of some VP35 residues involved in dsRNA end-capping binding, such as R312, K282 and R322, that may serve as target for the development of small-molecule inhibitors against EBOV. Furthermore, we identified a synthetic compound that increased IFN-induction only under antiviral response stimulation and subverted VP35 inhibition, proving to be very attractive for the development of an antiviral drug. In conclusion, our results provide the establishment of a new assay as a straightforward tool for the screening of antiviral compounds that target i) dsRNA-VP35 or cellular protein-VP35 interaction and ii) dsRNA-dependent RIG-I-mediated IFN signaling pathway, in order to potentiate the IFN response against VP35 inhibition, setting the bases for further drug development.
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Williams, Patrick. "The development and characterization of fusion cytokines of GMCSF with IL-21 and IFN-y for cancer immunotherapy". Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96679.
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Different immunotherapeutic strategies have been attempted against cancer, ranging from the use of cytokines like IL-2, to the use of dendritic cells, like Provenge, or the combinations of gene-modified, cytokine producing cellular vaccines, like GVAX. Immunotherapy has progressed slowly because either the induced immune response was not effective or because the heterogeneity of cancer can limit the effectiveness of inducing an immune response against a single antigen. Previous work in our lab has found that fusing GMCSF with γ-chain family cytokines produced novel immune modulatory effects and that cells treated with these fusion cytokines could be effective in treating diseases in mice. We generated a fusion of GMCSF and IL-21 (GIFT-21) with the aim of stimulating distinct, but complementary, elements of the innate and adaptive immune system. GIFT-21's aberrant interactions with its cognate receptors on macrophages induced an unanticipated pro-inflammatory response, resulting in B16 melanoma cancer rejection in C57Bl/6 mice and a significant survival advantage in NOD SCID mice. We further explored this phenomenon by treating mice with dendritic cells (DC) derived by treating monocytes with GIFT-21. B16 and D2F2/neu breast cancer growth was inhibited only in mice treated with antigen naïve GIFT-21 DCs. This effect was lost in CD8-/- and CCR2-/- mice and when mice were treated with β2 microglobulin deficient GIFT-21 DCs, and we confirmed that GIFT-21 DCs migrated to and sampled from the tumors to present tumor antigens to CCL2 recruited CD8+ T cells via MHCI.We also generated a separate fusion of GMCSF and IFN-γ (GIFY) with the aim of inducing a pro-inflammatory response by DCs and improving upon their antigen presenting properties. We confirmed that GIFY had superior cytostatic properties to IFN-γ and that it could induce DCs to present antigens to CD8+ T cells akin to the combination of GMCSF and IFN-γ. However GIFY was ineffective at preventing tumor growth when injected as a purified recombinant in mice bearing B16 melanoma tumors and when used as an adjuvant for DCs in the context of a tumor vaccine against EG-7 lymphoma.We conclude that GIFT-21 and its associated cellular products may serve as a novel therapeutic platform for the treatment of cancer and that GIFY may be appropriate in other settings.Différentes stratégies immunothérapeutiques ont été considérées contre le cancer, allant de l'utilisation de cytokines comme l'IL-2, aux cellules dendritiques, tel que Provenge, ou à la combinaison de cellules modifiées génétiquement pour exprimer des cytokines produisant des vaccins cellulaires, tel que GVAX. Ces méthodes immunothérapeutiques ont progressé lentement puisque d'une part, la réponse immunitaire n'était pas efficace, et d'une autre part, l'hétérogénéité du cancer peut limiter l'efficacité à produire une réponse immunitaire contre un antigène particulier. Des recherches antérieures au sein de notre laboratoire ont révélé que la fusion de GMCSF avec la famille des cytokines de la chaîne gamma du récepteur de l'IL-2 ont produit des effets immunomodulateurs sans précédent. De plus, les cellules traitées avec ces cytokines fusionnées pourraient être efficaces dans le traitement de maladies chez les souris.Nous avons généré la fusion de GMCSF et IL-21 (GIFT-21) dans le but de stimuler des éléments distincts, mais complémentaires, du système immunitaire inné et adaptif. Les interactions aberrantes de GIFT-21 avec ses récepteurs des macrophages ont produit une réponse pro-inflammatoire inattendue, résultant en un rejet de la lignée cellulaire B16 des souris C57B1/6 et une survie significative des souris NOD SCID. Nous avons exploré davantage ce phénomène en injectant des souris avec des cellules dendritiques (DC) dérivées en traitant des monocytes avec GIFT-21. La croissance des cancers B16 et D2F2/neu a seulement été inhibée dans les souris injectées avec des cellules dendritiques traitées avec GIFT-21 sans pré-incubation avec un antigène. Par contre, cet effet n'a pas été observé dans les souris CD8-/- et CCR2-/-, ni lorsque nous avons injecté des souris avec des cellules dendritiques GIFT-21 déficientes en microglobuline β2. Nous avons confirmé que les cellules dendritiques GIFT-21 ont migré vers les tumeurs et les ont échantillonées afin de présenter des antigènes à travers MHCI à des cellules T CD8+ recrutées par CCL2. Nous avons également généré une fusion de GMCSF et IFN-γ (GIFY) dans le but d'induire une réponse pro-inflammatoire chez les cellules dendritiques et d'ainsi améliorer leur habileté a présenter des antigènes. Nous avons confirmé que GIFY possède des propriétés cytostatiques supérieures à IFN-γ et qu'il pourrait induire les cellules dendritiques à présenter des antigènes à travers des cellules T CD8+ similaires à la combinaison de GMCSF et IFN-γ. Par contre, GIFY s'est montré inefficace à prévenir la croissance des tumeurs lorsqu'injecté en tant que recombinante purifiée dans des souris avec des tumeurs B16 et lorsqu'utilisé en tant qu'adjuvant sous forme de vaccin pour des cellules dendritiques contre un lymphome EG-7. Nous pouvons conclure que GIFT-21 et ses produits cellulaires pourront servir de plate-forme thérapeutique sans précédent pour le traitement du cancer et que GIFY pourrait être approprié dans d'autres contextes.
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Ding, Cheng. "Siglec-G Is A Negative Regulator Of Nf-Kb Activation And Has Pivotal Roles In B-1 Cell Development And Resistance To Sepsis". The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1226876722.
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Bouis, Delphine. "Etude des conséquences d’un gain de fonction de Sting chez la souris : modèle STING V154M/WT". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ063.
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Des mutations gains de fonction du gène STING chez l’Homme (telles que V155M) déclenchent une pathologie autoinflammatoire sévère de type interféronopathie, le SAVI (Sting associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy), une vasculopathie associée à une fibrose pulmonaire et des symptômes lupus-like. Afin de comprendre la physiopathologie du SAVI, nous avons généré un modèle murin porteur de la mutation correspondante grâce à la technologie CRISPR/Cas9. Ces souris STING V154M/WT développent un phénotype SCID (déficit immunitaire combiné sévère) avec diminution des LT, des LB et des NK en périphérie, et une expansion du compartiment myéloïde. Ce défaut de développement est observé précocement dès le stade pré-proB dans la moelle osseuse, et au stade DN2 dans le thymus, et semble intrinsèque aux cellules hématopoïétiques. De plus, ces souris présentent une hypogammaglobulinémie sévère. Les LT et LB matures présentent également des défauts intrinsèques. Enfin, les souris présentent une signature IFN, mais leur phénotype SCID est IFN de type I-indépendant. Ces résultats mettent en évidence un rôle important de STING dans le développement lymphoïdeIn humans, point mutations in STING gene, such as V155M, lead to a severe autoinflammatory disease called SAVI (Sting associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy), classified as interferonopathy and characterized by vasculopathy, pulmonary fibrosis and a lupus-like pathology. In order to better understand the pathophysiology of SAVI, we generated a mouse model with the corresponding mutation, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. These STING V154M/WT mice develop a SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency disease) with decrease of peripheral T, B and NK cells, and expansion of myeloid compartment. This defect seems to be present since the early stages, i.e. pre-proB cells stage in bone marrow and DN2 stage in thymus, and seems intrinsic to hematopoiectic cells. In addition, these mice present a strong hypogammaglobulinemia. Mature T and B cells also present intrinsic defaults. Finally, these mice present an IFN signature but their phenotype is independent of the IFN pathway. These results highlight an important role of STING in lymphoid development
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Santos, Fladson Ricardo Mendes dos. "A percepção dos gestores do Instituto Federal de Sergipe – IFs campus lagarto acerca das licitações sustentáveis". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9042.
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The need for nations to promote the growth of their economies without destroying the environment or sacrificing the well-being of future generations, transforming especially the business world, has become a challenge today. In view of it is fundamental relevance, sustainability has become more and more space in the various discussions, and in recent times the focus has been on the Public Administration, most probably for its state power, with a constitutional duty to implement public policies that collaborate with the economy. In the use of natural resources, ensuring their preservation and contributing effectively to the possibility of providing these resources for the future generations. The present study aims to diagnose the perception of the managers of the Instituto Federal de Sergipe (IFS) – Campus Lagarto, about the Sustainable Biddings. Methodologically, the study is classified as a field research, as the qualitative-descriptive approach, using a structured questionnaire for data collection, for treatment of clusters technique, allied to an index called Degree of Vision About Sustainable Biddings (GVLS). The results point to the fact that managers are sensitized about the possibility of behavioral changes, be they of a functional or institutional nature, for the adoption of Sustainable Biddings. Thus IFS – Campus Lagarto is suggested to implement Sustainable Biddings, using the Regulation and Standardization of Tender Procedures, Formatting a Sustainable Biddings Plan, Creating Environmental Education Programs for Managers and Periodic Surveys of Environmental Perception, Covering the Internal and External Community and Strengthening Internal Communication about Current Procedures and Standards.
A necessidade das nações de promover o crescimento de suas economias sem destruir o meio ambiente ou sacrificar o bem-estar das futuras gerações, transformando sobretudo, o mundo dos negócios, tornou-se um desafio na atualidade. Diante da sua primordial relevância, a sustentabilidade passou a ocupar cada vez mais espaço nas diversas discussões e nos últimos tempos os olhares estão voltados para a Administração Pública, muito provavelmente pelo seu poder estatal, com dever constitucional de implementar políticas públicas que colaborem com a economia na utilização dos recursos naturais, garantindo sua preservação e contribuindo efetivamente com a possibilidade do provimento desses recursos para as gerações futuras. O presente estudo tem como objetivo diagnosticar a percepção dos gestores do Instituto Federal de Sergipe (IFS) – Campus Lagarto, acerca das licitações sustentáveis. Metodologicamente, o estudo classifica-se quanto aos procedimentos como pesquisa de campo, quanto a abordagem como qualitativa-descritiva, utilizando-se de um questionário estruturado para coleta dados, para tratamento a técnica de clusters, aliada a um índice denominado Grau de Visão Sobre Licitações Sustentáveis (GVLS). Os resultados apontam para o fato de que os gestores se sensibilizam sobre a possibilidade de mudanças de comportamento, seja de ordem funcional ou institucional, para a adoção das licitações sustentáveis. Assim, sugere-se ao IFS – Campus Lagarto, a implementação das licitações sustentáveis, utilizando-se da regulamentação e padronização dos procedimentos licitatórios, formatação de um plano de contratações sustentáveis, criação de programas de educação ambiental extensiva a gestores e servidores, aplicação de pesquisas periódicas de percepção ambiental, abrangendo a comunidade interna e externa e fortalecendo a comunicação interna acerca de procedimentos e normas vigentes.
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MAFRA, Wankmar Carvalho. "O papel do Instituto Federal do Amazonas no processo socioeducacional na Regi?o do Alto Solim?es". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2170.
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This research was conducted in the Federal Amazon Institute (IFAM Campus Tabatinga-AM), and to investigate, on the prospects of its graduates students, its contribution to the local and regional social and educational development, and investigate what the real contributions were in life of its graduates. This research was a universe of 179 (one hundred and seventy nine) students graduating from technical courses integrated and concomitant average level, which responded to the survey instrument comprised of closed and semi-open questions, subdivided and three groups of question: i) graduate student profile. ii) level of satisfaction according to the perception of graduate student and iii) perception of graduate student about the IFAM's contribution in their training. The methodological framework included empirical research conducted among students graduating from Federal Institutes (as shown in PPGEA) as well as the literature research with students graduating from educational institutions. As a result of the survey showed that the IFAM Tabatinga Campus has offered a differentiated training in the municipality, which is deployed as a result of the sum of several factors: a good infrastructure; a staff of well qualified professionals; diversity in educational environments and above all a special attention to your audience. In this sense the research concluded that the IFAM Campus Tabatinga has initially attended the high school education expectations and local technical, with a little emphasis on the mesorregional development of Alto Solim?es contributing effectively in the process of educational development, human and social location.
Esta pesquisa foi realizada no Instituto Federal do Amazonas (IFAM Campus Tabatinga-AM), tendo como objetivo investigar, sob as perspectivas de seus estudantes egressos, a contribui??o do mesmo para o desenvolvimento socioeducacional local e regional, e investigar quais foram as reais contribui??es na vida de seus egressos. Tal pesquisa contou com um universo de 179 (cento e setenta e nove) estudantes egressos dos cursos t?cnicos de n?vel m?dio integrado e concomitante, os quais responderam ao instrumento de pesquisa formado por perguntas fechadas e semiabertas, subdivididas e tr?s grupos distintos de quest?o: i) perfil do estudante egresso. ii) n?vel de satisfa??o de acordo com a percep??o do estudante egresso e iii) percep??o do estudante egresso acerca da contribui??o do IFAM na sua forma??o. O arcabou?o metodol?gico incluiu pesquisas emp?ricas realizadas entre estudantes egressos de Institutos Federais (como os apresentados no PPGEA), bem como a literatura a respeito de pesquisas com estudantes egressos de institui??es educacionais. Como resultado a pesquisa mostrou que o IFAM Campus Tabatinga tem ofertado uma forma??o diferenciada no Munic?pio, no qual est? implantado, em decorr?ncia da soma de diversos fatores como: uma boa infraestrutura; um quadro de profissionais muito bem qualificados; diversidade em ambientes educacionais e acima de tudo uma aten??o diferenciada com o seu p?blico. Nesse sentido a pesquisa concluiu que o IFAM Campus Tabatinga tem atendido inicialmente ?s expectativas de educa??o de ensino m?dio e t?cnico local, com uma pequena ?nfase para o desenvolvimento mesorregional do Alto Solim?es contribuindo de maneira efetiva no processo de desenvolvimento educacional, humano e social local.
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Löfstedt, Truls, i Daniel Jonsson. "Att koordinera distribuerade IT-projekt med stöd av informations- och kommunikationsteknik : En fallstudie på IFS World Operations AB". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79014.
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IT-system utvecklas idag ofta i globalt distribuerade organisationer. Detta görs för att möta de krav som ställs från omgivningen samt för att finna specialkompetens. En global organisation kan medföra distribuerat arbete, alltså att utvecklingsgrupper sprids över flera platser. Ett problem med detta kan vara att få alla delar av verksamheten att arbeta mot ett gemensamt mål. Koordination – att hantera beroenden mellan element i komplexa organisationer för att möjliggöra effektivt arbete mot ett gemensamt mål – blir då en viktig aktivitet. Att kommunicera över distans i den takt organisationen kräver är en omöjlighet utan att implementera informations- och kommunikationsteknik (IKT) – digitala verktyg med fokus på kommunikation och spridandet av information. Vi vill i denna uppsats undersöka hur koordination sker i distribuerade IT-projekt, samt vilken roll IKT-stöd har vid koordination av distribuerade IT-projekt. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra med kunskap gällande användandet av IKT-stöd för koordination i distribuerade IT- projekt. Vi genomför denna kvalitativa fallstudie hos IFS World Operations AB – en global affärssystemsleverantör. Data har samlats in genom intervjuer med personer i olika roller inom det undersökta it projektet. Vi har ställt de empiriska resultaten i relation till teorier inom områden som koordination, IT-projekt samt IKT. Våra resultat visar att koordination i agila, distribuerade IT-projekt sker på två nivåer; strategisk samt operationell koordination. Dessa syftar att uppnå mål på olika nivåer. Vi har också kunnat dela in koordinationshandlingar i tre typer utvecklade från teori och observationer; ömsesidig anpassning, framväxande standardisering och organisationsförvaltning. Vi kan även sluta oss till att IKT-stöd främst förhåller sig till koordination på tre sätt i ett distribuerat IT-projekt; möjliggörande, medierande samt begränsande. Med stöd av de ovan presenterade resultaten har vi tagit fram faktorer vi funnit påverka möjligheten att koordinera IT-projekt. Dessa är; gruppdynamik, graden av distribution, fasta utvecklingsgrupper, utveckla teknik tillsammans med organisation samt standardiserade kommunikationskanaler.Information systems are often developed in globally distributed organizations. Many times the reason for being distributed is to meet requirements and demands from the organizations surrounding and to acquire a specialized set of skills. Global organizations may choose to work distributed, which means that development teams are spread out over multiple locations. This can create problems; how do you make all parts of the organization work together towards a common goal? Thus, coordination – The management of interdependent elements in a complex organization so as to enable them to work together effectively toward a specific goal – becomes important. Long distance communication using information and communication technology (ICT) – digital tools with the purpose of endorsing communication and knowledge – is required to coordinate between locations. In this thesis we examine how coordination is performed in distributed IT-projects. We will also address the role that information and communications technology plays in coordination of these projects. The purpose of the study is to contribute with knowledge in the area of using ICT tools for coordinating distributed IT-projects. This qualitative case study was conducted in cooperation with IFS World Operations AB – a global provider of an Enterprise Resource Planning system. Our empirical data has been collected using five interviews, all with different types of roles from within IT-projects. The data has then been put in relation to theories concerning coordination, IT-projects and ICT. Our findings show coordination in distributed, agile software development projects is working on two levels; strategic and operational coordination. The difference lies with the motivation to complete goals on different levels of the organization. We can also conclude that there are three different kinds of means to carry out coordination; Mutual Adjustment, Emerging standardization and organizational management. Concerning the role of ICT in the coordination of distributed IT-projects we have found it to be threefold; enabling, mediating and limiting. Based on these findings we conclude this study by presenting five factors that influence the ability to coordinate distributed IT-projects. These are: group dynamics, level of distribution, fixed development teams, parallel development of technology and organization and standardized communication channels.
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McNutt, Stephen Bishop. ""If I'm so smart...": memories of assessment and the role of standardized testing in forming an intellectual identity". Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2244.
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Written at a time when the number of students taking standardized tests in U.S. public schools is at an all-time high, this dissertation presents and analyzes the contribution of standardized testing to intellectual identity formation as portrayed within the oral histories of four adults from the post-"A Nation at Risk" (1983) and pre-"No Child Left Behind" (2001) eras. The study uses methods from discourse analysis and oral history research to find stories that serve as artifacts of the history of standardized testing and related educational and testing policies. Each oral history is unique and has a connection to the University of Iowa and its role in the history of testing. The five participants share stories exploring their experiences with the SAT, ACT, Iowa Test of Basic Skills, intelligence tests, and tests for Attention Deficit Disorder and placement exams. Each story explores what can happen to a person's intellectual identity when standardized testing forms relationships with that individual's history with trauma, race, class, gender, hetero-normativity and self-esteem. By design, this study is less focused on providing broad extrapolations than in placing individual oral histories in conversation with one another and contextualizing them within the history of intelligence testing and achievement testing. It does so with the goal of conveying the long-term effects of standardized testing on each of the four storytellers, and suggests researchers have not given enough attention to examining ways standardized tests interact with how individuals shape their intellectual identity. In doing so, it complicates the arguments of standardized testing advocates who claim the tests can achieve cultural neutrality even though they have sprung from norms and methods and measures deemed valuable by a culture. This study invites future research on similar questions, including how a belief in the objectivity of standardized testing imbues it with credibility and shapes the expectations we have of others and ourselves.
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Schuh, Christina [Verfasser], i Mathias [Akademischer Betreuer] Ritzmann. "Development of an IFN-γ-recall assay for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus / Christina Schuh. Betreuer: Mathias Ritzmann". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1059069741/34.
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Alazmi, Huda Salem. "The Development of GIS Instructional Model to Facilitate Authentic Intellectual Work in Secondary Social Studies Classrooms in Kuwait". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97906.
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The adoption of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology in social studies classroom practices has helped accelerate the achievement of educational goals. However, despite the value that GIS possesses for supporting student learning skills, few schools have adopted it so far. A reason for this deficiency lies in the absence of specific instructional models that demonstrate possible methods for incorporating GIS into class curriculum. This study sought to address this problem, tailored specifically for Kuwaiti social studies classrooms, with the design, development, and validation of a GIS Instructional Model to facilitate AIW. The study employed a design and development research methodology, comprised of five major phases, (i) selection of model components and theoretical foundation, (ii) analysis and development, (iii) formative feedback, (iv) revision, and (v) usability evaluation. In phase one, the Inquiry Design Model (IDM) format and components with AIW framework were selected to provide basic guidelines for the GIS Instructional Model. In phase two, following a comprehensive review of relevant academic literature, and in combination with personal experience, the researcher developed a preliminary GIS Instructional Model. In phase three, two expert reviewers evaluated the model, delivering their opinions by completing an online survey and taking part in follow-up interviews. The expert reviewers were primarily tasked with determining the model's ability to facilitate AIW in a social studies classroom, and providing suggestions for improving its performance. In phase four, the details gleaned from this formative feedback phase were then used to revise the model and enhance its effectiveness. In the last phase, six Kuwaiti expert reviewers assessed this updated version of the GIS Instructional Model to determine what barriers it might face regarding its implementation in the Kuwaiti educational system. They completed an online survey as part of this process and provided possible solutions to address perceived barriers. The data gained from expert reviewer feedback in these formative and usability evaluation phases were analyzed using qualitative methodologies. This step-by-step procedure helped to validate the model. As a result, a ready-to-implement teaching model, with all necessary teaching materials and instructions, was developed for Kuwaiti social studies classrooms. This model is proposed to enable social studies teachers to better understand how to integrate GIS into their classrooms to support AIW. Recommendations are provided for Kuwaiti educational policymakers and stakeholders to help overcome perceived obstacles that may hinder model implementation; suggestions for future research are also included.Doctor of Philosophy
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are software-based technologies which simplify the gathering, storing and manipulation of spatially-related data in ways which allow users to visually represent complex geographic phenomena more easily, bringing greater understanding for the world around us. As a result, the integration of GIS technology into social studies classroom practices has assisted student learning and achievement. However, despite the value which GIS possesses, few schools have integrated this technology so far. A significant reason for this limitation is the lack of clear guidelines or models which demonstrate how to employ this technology in the classroom. To help address the problem, this study developed a GIS Instructional Model for Kuwaiti social studies teachers to facilitate student authentic intellectual work, i.e. the student's demonstration of their deeper understanding for the knowledge and skills they are learning. The study employed a design and developmental research methodology, comprised of five major phases, (i) selection of model components and theoretical foundation, (ii) analysis and development, (iii) formative feedback, (iv) revision, and (v) usability evaluation. Phase one involved the selection of the study's theoretical foundation. In phase two, following a comprehensive review of relevant academic literature and, in combination with personal experience, the researcher developed a preliminary GIS Instructional Model. Two expert reviewers evaluated the model in phase three, delivering their opinions by completing an online survey and taking part in follow-up interviews. This feedback was analyzed in phase four, leading to revisions in the GIS Instructional Model to improve its quality for supporting student learning. In the final phase, six Kuwaiti expert reviewers assessed the newly-updated model to determine what barriers it might face regarding its implementation in the Kuwaiti educational system. They completed an online survey as part of this process and provided possible solutions to address these perceived obstacles. This step-by-step procedure helped to validate the model. The overall result was the development of a ready-to-implement teaching model, with all necessary educational materials and instructions, for employing GIS technology in Kuwaiti social studies classrooms to support student authentic intellectual work. In addition, recommendations were provided for Kuwaiti educational policymakers and stakeholders to help overcome perceived obstacles that may hinder model implementation; suggestions for future research are also included.
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Vasou, Andri. "Development of a novel cell-based screening platform to identify inhibitors of viral interferon antagonists from clinically important viruses". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8266.
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All viruses encode for at least one viral interferon (IFN) antagonist, which is used to subvert the cellular IFN response, a powerful antiviral innate immune response. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that IFN antagonism is crucial for virus survival, suggesting that viral IFN antagonists could represent promising therapeutic targets. This study focuses on Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), an important human pathogen for which there is no vaccine or virus-specific antiviral drug. RSV encodes two IFN antagonists NS1 and NS2, which play a critical role in RSV replication and pathogenicity. We developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) assay to target NS2 via our A549.pr(ISRE)GFP-RSV/NS2 cell-line, which contains a GFP gene under the control of an IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) to monitor IFN- signalling pathway. NS2 inhibits the IFN-signalling pathway and hence GFP expression in the A549.pr(ISRE)GFP-RSV/NS2 cell-line by mediating STAT2 degradation. Using a HTS approach, we screened 16,000 compounds to identify small molecules that inhibit NS2 function and therefore relinquish the NS2 imposed block to IFN-signalling, leading to restoration of GFP expression. A total of twenty-eight hits were identified; elimination of false positives left eight hits, four of which (AV-14, -16, -18, -19) are the most promising. These four hit compounds have EC₅₀ values in the single μM range and three of them (AV-14, -16, -18) represent a chemically related series with an indole structure. We demonstrated that the hit compounds specifically inhibit the STAT2 degradation function of NS2, not the function of NS1 or unrelated viral IFN antagonists. At the current time, compounds do not restrict RSV replication in vitro, hence hit optimization is required to improve their potency. Nonetheless, these compounds could be used as chemical tools to determine the unknown mechanism by which NS2 mediates STAT2 degradation and tackle fundamental questions about RSV biology.
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McLean, Rebecca Kathryn. "Development of a novel lentiviral vaccine vector and characterisation of in vitro immune responses". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31135.
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Vaccines are a highly effective means of preventing infectious disease. However, for many diseases of livestock the available vaccines are ineffective or sub-optimal. This is partly due to challenges surrounding the specific targeting of antigen presenting cells (APCs). In order to improve the delivery of protective antigens to host APCs, a novel lentiviral vector derived from visna / maedi virus (VMV) has been developed. Initial characterisation using an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter transgene found that the novel VMV vector efficiently transduced a wide range of cell lines including cells of ovine, human, murine, bovine and caprine origin. In addition, the VMV vector was found to elicit sustained transgene expression for at least 4 weeks in rapidly dividing cell lines. One of the most important factors for acceptable vaccines is their safety. Therefore, in order to increase the bio-safety of the VMV vector, integration-defective and self-inactivating forms were produced. Integration-defective VMV lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) were found to produce 1-LTR circular episomes favourably over integrated provirus following the transduction of target feline and ovine cell lines. This led to a decrease in transgene expression over time in dividing cells. In contrast, in non-dividing cells transgene expression was maintained at a similar level to integration-competent VMV vectors. Self-inactivating (SIN) VMV vectors were constructed and found to have a significant decrease in LTR activity. Transgene expression was maintained by the insertion of an internal promoter derived from human cytomegalovirus (CMV) acting directly on the transgene. When self-inactivating and integration-defective modifications were incorporated into the same vector particle, a 4-fold decrease in transduction relative to the parent vector was observed. Ovine monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) and macrophages (MDMs) were found to be efficiently transduced by the VMV vector, whereas lentiviral vectors derived from HIV-1 poorly transduced both of these primary cell populations. Following this work, the ability to deliver pathogen genes into APCs was studied using the Chlamydia abortus (C. abortus) major outer membrane protein (MOMP) as the transgene. C. abortus is the most common infectious cause of ovine abortion worldwide and MOMP has previously been shown to stimulate strong antibody responses after vaccination. Unexpectedly, the VMV vector encoding either eGFP or MOMP was found to induce apoptosis in MDDCs and MDMs using Annexin V staining. Apoptotic cells were detectable as early as 6 hours post-transduction of cells. Furthermore, release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β was associated with the formation of late apoptotic cells. Apoptotic bodies produced post-transduction were able to be phagocytosed by immature MDDCs and the transgene efficiently cross-presented to T-cells. The ability of the novel VMV vector to induce a suitable recall immune responses was investigated using an in vitro model. Here, an autologous population of MDDCs were cultured with the apoptotic bodies produced post-transduction before the addition of autologous PBMC. Proteins from the apoptotic bodies were presented by the MDDCs to PBMC leading to a strong, antigen specific recall immune response against C. abortus MOMP. This was proven by the detection of cytokines IFNγ and IL-10 in the co-culture supernatant from PBMC activated by the MOMP transgene cross-presented by MDDCs. No release of IL-4 or IL-17A could be detected. These data presented in this thesis show the potential for improving delivery of antigens in livestock vaccines by the use of lentiviral vectors. In addition, this vector system provides a strong base for the study of other potential protective antigens in vitro.
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François-Newton, Véronique. "Etude de la réponse cellulaire aux interférons de type I : rôle de la cystéine protéase USP18". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829540.
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Les interférons (IFN) de type I et type III sont des cytokines induites par des pathogènes. L'IFN de type I (IFN α/β)se fixe à un récepteur constitué des chaînes IFNAR1 et IFNAR2. L'IFN de type III (3 λs) se fixe à un récepteur constitué des chaines IFNLR1 et IL-10R2. La liaison de ces IFNs à leur récepteur active la voie Jak/Stat, induit les mêmes gènes et des réponses cellulaires communes essentielles à la protection antivirale. L'IFN de type I joue un rôle pléiotropique et de ce fait la réponse cellulaire aux IFNs doit être contrôlée dans le temps et dans l'espace. Certains régulateurs négatifs tels que les SOCS ou les ubiquitine ligases ciblant la sous-unité IFNAR1 vont agir rapidement après la stimulation, alors que d'autres agissent à des temps plus tardifs, tels qu'USP18. USP18 est une cystéine protéase induite par l'IFN, elle clive ISG15, une molécule semblable à l'ubiquitine, à partir de protéines ISGylées. J'ai étudié comment une stimulation prolongée avec de l'IFN de type I ou III interfère avec la capacité de ces cellules à répondre à une re-stimulation par les IFN α, tout en maintenant leur sensibilité à l'IFN β et λ . Ce phénomène de désensibilisation différentielle n'est pas dû à une diminution des récepteurs à la surface des cellules mais à l'induction de la forme catalytiquement active d'USP18. Lors de traitements prolongés à l'IFN, l'accumulation d'USP18, dont l'expression est régulée par ISG15, inhibe progressivement la signalisation induite par l'IFN α. En conclusion, ces études montrent qu'USP18 fait partie intégrante des signaux transmis lors d'une stimulation par les IFN de type I et III et définit le seuil d'activité des différents sous-types α/β.
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Lindell, Frans. "BIM I TOTALENTREPRENAD: PROJEKTERINGENS INFORMATIONSLEVERANSER FÖR PRODUKTIONENS GRUNDLÄGGNING". Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35189.
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Syfte: Byggsektorn karaktäriseras av att till stor del bestå av temporära projektorganisationer med mycket samarbete mellan discipliner men utan någon vidare processkontinuitet mellan de unika projekten. Det finns ett stort fokus på tid och omedelbar handling som en del av aktörernas referensram och varje aktivitet och nytt arbetssätt bör ge omedelbara fördelar i form av tidsvinster och effektivare utförande för att villigt accepteras. Behoven av standardiserade arbetssätt blir mycket synliga när man börjar införa BIM i projekten. Att aktivt använda BIM-modellen på bygget skapar krav på innehållet och att man följer ett projekteringsschema. BuildingSMART International (2010) skriver: ”Om den nödvändiga informationen är tillgänglig när den behövs och kvalitén på informationen är tillfredställande, så blir själva byggprocessen signifikant förbättrad”. Målet med detta examensarbete är att ta fram ett förslag på hur sekvensen av informationsleveranser bör se ut för den inledande produktionen av bärande system i en totalentreprenad. Metod: För att nå målet har en litteraturstudie genomförts för att skapa arbetets teoretiska ramverk. En fallstudie på en totalentreprenad med djupgrundläggning har genomförts. I fallstudien har empiri insamlats genom intervjuer med några av projektets aktörer samt en dokumentanalys av relevanta ritningar, protokoll och övriga dokument i projektet. Resultat: Rapporten har kartlagt sekvensen av informationsleveranser (inklusive vilket informationsinnehåll och vilken detaljeringsnivå de behöver ha) för den inledande produktionen av bärande system i en totalentreprenad. Detta kunskapsbidrag med processkarta och informationsbehov kan byggas vidare på, för att kunna implementeras i BIM-verktygen och därigenom underlätta arbetet och föra BIM-användningen framåt. Konsekvenser: Rapporten har med ovan resultat bidragit med några påbörjade pusselbitar i ett stort pussel av information och leveranser i rätt sekvens och detaljeringsgrad. För att pusslet ska bli komplett måste även informationsleveranser från förfrågningsunderlaget fungera korrekt. Arbetet har belyst fördelar att arbeta med BIM i denna del av byggprocessen. Rapporten föreslår förtydligande av innebörd genom att ha både detaljeringsnivå och utvecklingsnivå som benämningar i Sverige. Begränsningar: Rapporten begränsas till att beskriva vad byggentreprenören behöver för informationsleveranser från konstruktören som rör pålning, grundsulor och fundament. Rapporten beskriver också de informationsleveranser konstruktören behöver för att uppfylla byggentreprenörens informationsbehov.Purpose: The building industry is characterised by mainly consisting of temporary project organizations with much interdisciplinary cooperation but with little continuity of process between the unique projects. There is a big focus on time and immediate action as part of the actors’ frame of reference, and every activity and new work method should give immediate advantages in time savings and more efficient work to be readily accepted. The need for standardised work methods is very visible when BIM is introduced in the projects. To actively use the BIM-model on site creates demands on the content and that a design schedule is followed. BuildingSMART International (2010) writes: ”If the information required is available when it is needed and the quality of information is satisfactory, the construction process will itself be significantly improved”. The aim of this work is to produce a suggestion of how the sequence of information deliveries should be in the starting production of the loadbearing system in a design build project. Method: To reach the aim a literature study has been conducted to create the theoretical framework for the study. A case study has been conducted on a design build project with a deep foundation. Empirical data has been collected by means of interviewing some of the project actors and conducting a document analysis of project documents such as drawings and protocols. Findings: The report has mapped the sequence of information deliveries (including what information content and what level of development they need to have) for the initial production of the loadbearing system in a design build project. This contribution of knowledge with the process map and information demands can be built upon, to allow for implementation in the BIM tools and thus make the work easier and push the use of BIM forward. Implications: With the above results the report has contributed with a few started puzzle pieces in a big puzzle of information and deliveries in the correct sequence and level of development. To complete the puzzle the information deliveries from the specifications also needs to work correctly. The report has shown advantages by working with BIM in this part of the building process. The report suggests clarification of meaning by using both names, level of detail and level of development, in Sweden. Limitations: The report is limited to describe what information deliveries the contractor needs from the structural designer when it comes to piling and foundations. It also describes the information deliveries needed by the structural designer to be able to meet the information need of the contractor.
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Andersson, Simon, i Olof Sundén. "Användandet av Level of Development vid projektering : En kvalitativ studie avseende effektivisering av projekteringsprocessen för konstruktörer". Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Byggnadsteknik och belysningsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-45593.
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Syfte: Att använda byggnadsinformationsmodeller inom byggbranschen har blivit ett allt större tillvägagångssätt för att effektivt projektera inom bland annat konstruktion, arkitektur och installation. Detta tillvägagångssätt har genererat att aktörer inom samma projekt behöver kommunicera mellan varandra angående innehållet av samtligas egna byggnadsinformationsmodeller. Konstruktörer som arbetar med prefabricerad betong får bland annat underlag levererat från arkitekter, installationskonsulter och andra konstruktörer. Studien avsåg att med hjälp av Level of Development förbättra hur projekteringsunderlagen ser ut som levereras till konstruktörer, som arbetar med prefabricerad betong. Studien framlyfter konsekvenserna av underlag som innehåller för lite information för konstruktörers projektering. Metod: Studien är genomförd med kvalitativ data. Genom en litteraturstudie lades grunden till problembeskrivningen och mer ingående hur man kan arbeta med Level of Development. Studien är baserad på sju stycken kvalitativa semi-strukturerade intervjuer av personer som har projektering inom konstruktion som yrke. Intervjuerna gjordes i samarbete med Structor Värmland AB, som inriktar sig på prefabricerad betong. Med hjälp av dessa kvalitativa intervjuer kunde erhållen data analyseras från studiens tre frågeställningar. Resultat: Resultatet av studien visar att nödvändig information brister när medkonsulter levererar projekteringsunderlag till konstruktörer. Delvis genom att många medkonsulter inte har implementerat BIM och projekterar i 2D samt att underlagen kan innehålla för lite eller för mycket information. Mindre detaljerade underlag tenderar till fler ändringar i konstruktörers projektering, medan överdetaljerade underlag generar onödigt mycket grafik som konstruktörer inte har användning av. Onödig grafik resulterar att modellerna blir långsammare att arbeta i. Utifrån insamlad data återförs rapporten med rekommendationer för att effektivisera konstruktörers projektering. Rekommendationerna innehåller bland annat att konstruktörer bör skaffa sig utbildning inom begreppen BIM och LOD för att kunna ställa krav på hur tillhandahållna underlag från medprojektörer bör se ut. Konsekvenser: En standardisering av levererade projekteringsunderlag till konstruktörer bidrar till en mer effektiv projekteringsprocess. Effektiviseringen bidrar till mindre samordning, konflikter i projekteringen samt sparar dyrbar tid. Dock så är Level of Development ett relativt okänt begrepp som har flera olika tolkningar. För att göra projekteringsprocessen mer effektiv behöver konstruktörer ta del av mer information gällande BIM och Level of Development. Begränsningar: Rapporten begränsas till projektering med inriktning på prefabricerade betongkonstruktioner. Studien samlar inte in data från medkonsulter, beställare, entreprenörer som arbetar med konstruktörer.
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Incháustegui, Pérez Carlos Miguel. "Conections between Foreign Direct Investment, access to natural resources and local development in a mining area: The case of Antamina, Ancash". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119427.
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During the 90s the Peruvian state embraced a neoliberal tendency with the objective of reactive the economy with the attraction of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The mining sector was one of the most benefits due of these new policy reforms that encouraged the expansion of a number of multinational companies to explore and exploit mineral resources in the most remote places in the country. The arrival of these big companies not only meant a huge macroeconomic growth but also a substantial injection of capital and a change in natural resources access. These changes led to number of protest in the peasant communities located in areas affected by mining that give rise to the creation of new perspectives for achieving local development. One way of studying the interaction between these actors—the mine and communities—is through the use of discourse analysis and narratives.Thereby, this article has the main objective of find out connections among FDI, natural resources access and local development in nine communities of the Ayash river watershed and the multinational Antamina mine company (AMC). In this sense, we used qualitative methods to describe and analyze direct and indirect effects into local communities and into their resources access. We also analyze how the absence of the state may cause an inappropriate use of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and thus motivate communities to claim compensation for environmental damage. Therefore we use Discourse Analysis for outline this protest in development narratives and establish new considerations in current and futures FDI projects in mining.Durante los años noventa el Estado peruano adoptó una tendencia neoliberal con el objetivo de reactivar la economía con la atracción de Inversiones Foráneas Directas (IFD). El rubro minero fue uno de los sectores más beneficiados por estas nuevas reformas políticas que habilitaron a una serie de compañías multinacionales explorar y explotar los recursos minerales en los parajes más recónditos del país. La llegada de estas grandes empresas no solo significó un enorme crecimiento macroeconómico sino también una cuantiosa inyección de capital y un cambio en el acceso de los recursos naturales. Estos cambios causaron diferentes protestas en las comunidades campesinas ubicadas en las áreas de influencia minera que dan pie a la creación de nuevas perspectivas de cómo lograr un desarrollo local. Una de las maneras de estudiar las interacciones entre estos dos actores —la mina y las comunidades— es mediante el uso del análisis de discurso y narrativas.De este modo, este artículo tiene como objetivo hallar las conexiones entre IFD, acceso a los recursos y desarrollo local en nueve comunidades en la cuenca del río Ayash y la multinacional Compañía Minera Antamina (CMA). En este sentido, se utilizaron métodos cualitativos para describir y analizar los efectos directos e indirectos en la población y en su acceso a los recursos. También se analizará cómo la ausencia del Estado puede dar cabida a un uso inadecuado de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) y, en consecuencia, motivar a las comunidades a reclamar compensaciones por los daños ambientales. Siguiendo esta línea, se utilizará el Análisis de Discurso para esquematizar estas protestas en forma de narrativas de desarrollo y establecer nuevas consideraciones para futuros y actuales proyectos de IFD en minería.
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SANTOS, Breno Bittencourt. "Índice de Felicidade Local (IFL): Uma Proposta Teórico-Metodológica de Construção de Uma Medida de Desenvolvimento Social". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16183.
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CAPEs
A presente pesquisa alinha-se à perspectiva de Desenvolvimento Social, na qual se propõe que, para além de critérios econômicos, o desenvolvimento deve ser mensurado também a partir das dimensões sociais, políticas, culturais e emocionais relativas aos indivíduos, grupos e territórios. Nesta perspectiva, os estudos da felicidade buscam determinar o nível de satisfação dos indivíduos com suas próprias vidas, sendo levada em consideração a análise de fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos, ambientais, culturais e emocionais que podem apresentar relação com a felicidade do indivíduo. A questão que norteou este estudo foi: quais são os fatores e em que medida eles podem servir de parâmetros para a construção de uma medida de desenvolvimento social baseada na mensuração da felicidade? O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi construir uma proposta teórico-metodológica de medida de desenvolvimento social baseada na felicidade, intitulada de Índice de Felicidade Local (IFL) e aplicar o IFL a uma amostra populacional composta por habitantes dos municípios de Cabo de Santo Agostinho e Ipojuca. Para isso, foram utilizados procedimentos estatísticos variados, especialmente a técnica de análise de regressão multivariada, testes de correlação e testes de diferenças de médias. Como resultados verifica-se que a população apresenta altos índices de desigualdade socioeconômica e vulnerabilidade social, especialmente no que tange à escolaridade, aos rendimentos dos trabalhadores e às posições no mercado de trabalho. Neste estudo, observou-se que os indicadores de bem-estar subjetivo apresentam maiores inter-relações com os níveis de felicidade dos indivíduos do que os indicadores objetivos de bem-estar social. Dentre os indicadores de bem-estar subjetivos analisados, constata-se que os indicadores relativos à satisfação com o poder de compra/ capacidade de consumo e à satisfação com as relações familiares e de amizade são os que apresentam maior influência na felicidade dos indivíduos. Estes resultados demonstram que, no contexto analisado, a felicidade tende a ser influenciada por aspectos materiais e não materiais de condições de vida. Por fim, verifica-se que, dentre os grupos populacionais investigados, os imigrantes tendem a apresentar piores condições de bemestar subjetivo e de felicidade que os não migrantes.
This research is aligned with the Social Development perspective, which proposes that, in addition to economic criteria, the development must be measured also from social, political, cultural and emotional concerning to individuals, groups and territories. On this perspective, the happiness studies seek to determine the level of satisfaction of individuals with their own lives, being taken into consideration the analysis of socioeconomic, demographic, environmental, cultural and emotional factors that can present connections with the happiness of the individuals. The question that guided this study was: what are the factors and how they can serve as parameters for the construction of a social development measure based on measuring happiness? The overall objective was to build a theoretical and methodological proposal for social development measure based on happiness, titled Local Happiness Index (LHI) and apply the LHI to a population sample of inhabitants of the municipalities of Cabo de Santo Agostinho and Ipojuca. For this, various statistical procedures were used, especially the multivariate regression analysis technique, correlation tests and tests of mean differences. As a result it turns out that the population has high rates of socioeconomic inequality and social vulnerability, especially with regard to education, the income of workers and positions in the labor market. On this study, the subjective well-being indicators have greater inter-relations with the happiness levels of individuals than objective indicators of social well-being. Among the subjective well-being indicators analyzed, it appears that the indicators regarding satisfaction with the purchasing power/consumption capacity and to meet with the family and friendship relationships are those with greater influence in the happiness of individuals. These results demonstrate that in the context analyzed, happiness tends to be influenced by material aspects and not material living conditions. Finally, it turns out that among the populations investigated, recent immigrants tend to have less level of subjective well-being and happiness in comparison with non-migrants.
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Shatnawi, Ehab Salem. "Development of P-Y Criterion for Anisotropic Rock and Cohesive Intermediate Geomaterials". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1216311932.
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Elfaitouri, Amal. "Development of Real-Time PCR Based Methods for Detection of Viruses and Virus Antibodies". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7320.
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Mitagami, Yu. "Interferon-γ promotes inflammation and development of T-cell lymphoma in HTLV-1 bZIP factor transgenic mice". Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215454.
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Dalchiavon, Eloisa Carla. "Desenvolvimento econômico dos municípios paranaenses: análise a partir do índice FIRJAN de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IFDM) para o período de 2005 a 2013". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3039.
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This study has for general objective to analyze the economic development, measured to IFDM, of the municipality of the state of Parana in the period from 2005 to 2013.The specific objectives are: present the evolution of the IFDM of the municipality of the state of Parana, for the state and geographic mesoregions; analyze the spatial distribution of the developed of the state of Parana in the period from 2005 to 2013 and check the composition of the job in the period, of the mesoregions. For the objectives proposed draw on the descriptive analysis of the data in relation the IFDM, the Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), seeking to view how is spatially distributed the development of Parana, and the method of analyze shiftshare to study the employment performance in the regions and sectors of economic activities. The results found for the descriptive analysis show that the economic development of the states of Parana occur different way between regions, stand out the mesoregions North Central and West, that had greater number of municipalities classified with high development (IFDM general) in 2013. In contrast, the mesoregion Central South didn't present municipalities with high IFDM general, in both the years. The results of the ESDA indicate the existence of the autocorrelation spatial positive in the data, in other words, there is similarity between the values of the IFDM general of the municipalities and their spatial localization. The maps of cluster LISA indicated the existence, in 2005, of the three clusters high-high located in the regions: North Central, Northwest and west of the state, and two clusters low-low located in the regions: Middle Western ,North Central, Middle Oriental and Middle South. In 2013, there was a increase in the number of the significant clusters, and theses lie longer distributed than in 2005. Were indentified four clusters high-high, that belong the regions North Central, Northwest, West and Southwest, and three clusters low-low belong the regions: Middle South, Middle Western, Middle Oriental, North Central, North Pioneer and Southeast. In relation the analyze shift-share of employment of the state, the number of jobs of Parana, from 2005 to 2013, increased 47,98%. It was verified that the three sectors that presented the highest employment growth in the state were: Construction industry; Footwear Industry and Mechanical Industry. In regional terms, the regions Southwest, West, Northwest and North Central stand out with the percentage change of increase of employment greater than state. The group of analysis realized allow to infer the regions that in relation of IFDM general of municipalities are that present clusters of development significant high-high, in other words, the municipalities these regions present high value of IFDM general and they are surrounded by municipalities with high value too. Similarly, the regions with the highest employment growth, according to shift-share analysis, they are that didn't have improve IFDM general and identification of clusters of development high-high.
Este estudo tem por objetivo geral analisar o desenvolvimento econômico, medido por meio do IFDM, dos municípios paranaenses no período de 2005 a 2013. Tem-se como objetivos específicos: apresentar a evolução do IFDM dos municípios paranaenses, para o estado e para as mesorregiões geográficas que o compõem; analisar a distribuição espacial do desenvolvimento dos municípios do Paraná nos anos 2005 e 2013, e verificar a composição do emprego no período, das mesorregiões. Para atender aos objetivos propostos utiliza-se a análise descritiva dos dados em relação ao IFDM, a Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE), buscando visualizar como está distribuído espacialmente o desenvolvimento do Paraná, e o método de análise estrutural-diferencial para verificar o comportamento do emprego nas regiões e setores de atividades econômicas. Os resultados encontrados pela análise descritiva mostram que o desenvolvimento econômico dos municípios paranaenses ocorreu de forma diversa entre as regiões, destacando-se as mesorregiões Norte Central e Oeste, as quais tiveram o maior número de municípios classificados com alto desenvolvimento (IFDM geral) em 2013. Por outro lado, a mesorregião Centro-Sul não apresentou municípios com IFDM geral alto, em ambos os anos. Os resultados da AEDE indicam a existência de autocorrelação espacial positiva nos dados, ou seja, existe similaridade entre os valores do IFDM geral dos municípios e a sua localização espacial. Os mapas de cluster LISA indicaram a existência, em 2005, de três clusters significativos AltoAlto localizados nas regiões Norte Central, Noroeste e Oeste do estado, e dois clusters significativos Baixo-Baixo localizados nas regiões, Centro-Ocidental, Norte Central, CentroOriental e Centro-Sul. Em 2013, houve um aumento no número de clusters significativos, e estes encontraram-se mais distribuídos do que em 2005. Foram identificados quatro clusters Alto-Alto, que pertencem às regiões Norte Central, Noroeste, Oeste e Sudoeste, e três clusters Baixo-Baixo pertencentes às regiões Centro-Sul, Centro-Ocidental, Centro-Oriental, Norte Central, Norte Pioneiro e Sudeste. Em relação à análise estrutural-diferencial do emprego do estado, tem-se que, o número de empregos do Paraná, de 2005 a 2013, aumentou 47,98%. Verificou-se que os três setores que apresentaram maior crescimento do emprego no estado foram: Construção Civil; Indústria de Calçados e Indústria Mecânica. Em termos regionais, as regiões Sudoeste, Oeste, Noroeste e Norte Central se destacaram com variação percentual de crescimento do emprego maior que a do estado. O conjunto das análises realizadas permite inferir que as regiões que se destacaram em relação ao IFDM geral dos seus municípios foram as que apresentaram clusters de desenvolvimento significativos Alto-Alto, ou seja, os municípios dessas regiões apresentaram alto valor de IFDM geral e estão rodeados por municípios com alto valor também. Do mesmo modo, as regiões que apresentaram maior crescimento do emprego, de acordo com a análise estrutural-diferencial, foram as que tiveram melhores IFDM geral e identificação de clusters de desenvolvimento Alto-Alto.
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Foxwell-Norton, Kerrie-Ann, i na. "Communicating the Australian Coast: Communities, Cultures and Coastcare". Griffith University. School of Arts, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070814.094758.
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In Australia, Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICM) is the policy framework adopted by government to manage the coastal zone. Amongst other principles, ICM contains an explicit mandate to include local communities in the management of the coastal zone. In Australia, the Coastcare program emerged in response to international acceptance of the need to involve local communities in the management of the coastal zone. This dissertation is a critical cultural investigation of the Coastcare program to discover how the program and the coastal zone generally, is understood and negotiated by three volunteer groups in SE Queensland. There is a paucity of data surrounding the actual experiences of Coastcare volunteers. This dissertation begins to fill this gap in our knowledge of local community involvement in coastal management. My dissertation considers the culture of Coastcare and broadly, community participation initiatives. Coastcare participants, government policymakers, environmental scientists, etc bring to their encounter a specific way of seeing the coast a cultural framework which guides their actions, ideas and priorities for the coastal zone. These cultural frameworks are established and maintained in the context of unequal relations of power and knowledge. The discourses of environmental science and economics as evidenced in the chief ICM policy objective, Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) are powerful knowledges in the realm of community participation policy. This arrangement has serious consequences for what governments and experts can expect to achieve via community participation programs. In short, the quest for power-sharing with communities and meaningful participation is impeded by dominant scientific and economic cultures which act to marginalise and discredit the cultures of communities (and volunteers). Ironically enough, the lack of consideration of these deeper relations of power and knowledge means that the very groups (such as policymakers, environmental scientists, etc) who actively seek the participation of local communities, contribute disproportionately to the relative failure of community participation programs. At the very least, as those in a position of power, policymakers and associated experts do little to enhance communication with local communities. To this situation add confusion wrought by changes in the delivery of the Coastcare program and a lack of human and financial resources. From this perspective, the warm and fuzzy sentiment of Coastcare can be understood as the Coastcare of neglect. However, the emergence of community participation as legitimate in environmental policymaking indicates a fissure in the traditional power relations between communities and experts. Indeed the entry of community participation policy is relatively new territory for the environmental sciences. It is this fissure which I seek to explore and encourage via the application of a cultural studies framework which offers another way of seeing community participation in coastal and marine management and thereby, offers avenues to improve relations between communities and experts. My fieldwork reveals a fundamental mismatch between the cultural frameworks which communities bring to the coast and those frameworks embodied and implemented by the Coastcare program. Upon closer examination, it is apparent that the Coastcare program (and community participation programs generally) are designed to introduce local lay communities to environmental science knowledge. Local coastal cultures are relegated to the personal and private realm. An excellent example of this is the scientifically oriented eligible areas for funding of the Coastcare program. The volunteers consulted for this project emphasized their motivation in terms of maintaining the natural beauty of the coast and protecting a little bit of coast from the rampant development of the coastal zone. Their motivations were largely the antithesis of ESD. They understood their actions as thwarting the negative impacts of coastal development this occurred within a policy framework which accepted development as fait daccompli. Australias nation of coastal dwellers may not know a lot about coastal ecologies but they do know the coast in other ways. Community knowledge of the coast can be largely accounted for in the phrase, Australian beach culture. Serious consideration of Australian beach culture in environmental policy is absent. The lack of attention to this central tenet of the Australian way of life is because, as a concept and in practice, beach culture lacks the seriousness and objectivity of environmental science knowledge it is about play, hedonism, holidays, spirituality, emotion and fun. The stories (including Indigenous cultural heritage) which emerge when Australians are asked about their beach cultural knowledge historical and contemporary experiences of the Australian coast await meaningful consideration by those interested in communicating with Australian communities living on the coast. This cultural geography is an avenue for policymakers to better communicate and engage with Australian communities in their quest to increase participation in, or motivate interest in community coastal management programs.
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Saiz, Nestor. "Regulation of cell fate and cell behaviour during primitive endoderm formation in the early mouse embryo". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/regulation-of-cell-fate-and-cell-behaviour-during-primitive-endoderm-formation-in-the-early-mouse-embryo(d40bb786-85ed-4efd-af64-aab331df98e8).html.
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The preimplantation stages of mammalian development are dedicated to the differentiation of two extraembryonic epithelia, the trophectoderm (TE) and the primitive endoderm (PrE), and their segregation from the pluripotent embryonic lineage, the epiblast. The TE and PrE are responsible for implantation into the uterus and for producing the tissues that will support and pattern the epiblast as it develops into the foetus. PrE and epiblast are formed in a two step process that involves random cell fate specification, mediated by fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling, and cell sorting through several mechanisms. In the present work I have addressed aspects of both steps of this process. Chimaera assays showed that epiblast precursors transplanted onto a recipient embryo rarely differentiate into PrE, while PrE precursors are able to switch their identity and become epiblast. Transient stimulation or inhibition of the FGF4-ERK pathway in the chimaeras can modify the behaviour of these cells and restore the plasticity of epiblast precursors. This work shows that epiblast precursors are refractory to differentiation signals, thus ensuring the preservation of the embryonic lineage. I have also found that atypical Protein Kinase C (aPKC) is a marker of PrE cells and that pharmacological inhibition of aPKC impairs the segregation of PrE and epiblast precursors. Furthermore, it affects the survival of PrE cells and can alter the subcellular localisation of the PrE transcription factor GATA4. These data indicate aPKC plays a central role for the sorting of the PrE and epiblast populations and links cell position within the embryo to PrE maturation and survival. Lastly, I have found that aPKC can directly phosphorylate GATA4 in vitro. Knockdown of GATA4 affects cell position within the embryo, whereas aPKC knockdown reduces the number of GATA4-positive cells. These results indicate GATA4 plays an important role in cell sorting during preimplantation development and suggest phosphorylation by aPKC could determine its presence in the nuclei of PrE cells. My work, in the light of the current knowledge, supports a model where the earliest cell fate decisions during mammalian development depend on cellular interactions and not on inherited cell fate determinants. This robust mode of development underlies the plasticity of the preimplantation embryo and ensures the formation of the first mammalian cell lineages, critical for any further progression in mammalian development.
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Foxwell-Norton, Kerrie-Ann. "Communicating the Australian Coast: Communities, Cultures and Coastcare". Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367816.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In Australia, Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICM) is the policy framework adopted by government to manage the coastal zone. Amongst other principles, ICM contains an explicit mandate to include local communities in the management of the coastal zone. In Australia, the Coastcare program emerged in response to international acceptance of the need to involve local communities in the management of the coastal zone. This dissertation is a critical cultural investigation of the Coastcare program to discover how the program and the coastal zone generally, is understood and negotiated by three volunteer groups in SE Queensland. There is a paucity of data surrounding the actual experiences of Coastcare volunteers. This dissertation begins to fill this gap in our knowledge of local community involvement in coastal management. My dissertation considers the culture of Coastcare and broadly, community participation initiatives. Coastcare participants, government policymakers, environmental scientists, etc bring to their encounter a specific ‘way of seeing’ the coast – a cultural framework – which guides their actions, ideas and priorities for the coastal zone. These cultural frameworks are established and maintained in the context of unequal relations of power and knowledge. The discourses of environmental science and economics – as evidenced in the chief ICM policy objective, Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) – are powerful knowledges in the realm of community participation policy. This arrangement has serious consequences for what governments and experts can expect to achieve via community participation programs. In short, the quest for ‘power-sharing’ with communities and ‘meaningful participation’ is impeded by dominant scientific and economic cultures which act to marginalise and discredit the cultures of communities (and volunteers). Ironically enough, the lack of consideration of these deeper relations of power and knowledge means that the very groups (such as policymakers, environmental scientists, etc) who actively seek the participation of local communities, contribute disproportionately to the relative failure of community participation programs. At the very least, as those in a position of power, policymakers and associated experts do little to enhance communication with local communities. To this situation add confusion wrought by changes in the delivery of the Coastcare program and a lack of human and financial resources. From this perspective, the warm and fuzzy sentiment of Coastcare can be understood as the ‘Coastcare of neglect’. However, the emergence of community participation as ‘legitimate’ in environmental policymaking indicates a fissure in the traditional power relations between communities and experts. Indeed the entry of ‘community participation policy’ is relatively new territory for the environmental sciences. It is this fissure which I seek to explore and encourage via the application of a cultural studies framework which offers another ‘way of seeing’ community participation in coastal and marine management and thereby, offers avenues to improve relations between communities and experts. My fieldwork reveals a fundamental mismatch between the cultural frameworks which communities bring to the coast and those frameworks embodied and implemented by the Coastcare program. Upon closer examination, it is apparent that the Coastcare program (and community participation programs generally) are designed to introduce local ‘lay’ communities to environmental science knowledge. Local coastal cultures are relegated to the personal and private realm. An excellent example of this is the scientifically oriented ‘eligible areas for funding’ of the Coastcare program. The volunteers consulted for this project emphasized their motivation in terms of ‘maintaining the natural beauty of the coast’ and ‘protecting a little bit of coast from the rampant development of the coastal zone’. Their motivations were largely the antithesis of ESD. They understood their actions as thwarting the negative impacts of coastal development – this occurred within a policy framework which accepted development as fait d’accompli. Australia’s nation of coastal dwellers may not know a lot about ‘coastal ecologies’ but they do know the coast in other ways. Community knowledge of the coast can be largely accounted for in the phrase, ‘Australian beach culture’. Serious consideration of Australian beach culture in environmental policy is absent. The lack of attention to this central tenet of the Australian way of life is because, as a concept and in practice, beach culture lacks the ‘seriousness’ and objectivity of environmental science knowledge – it is about play, hedonism, holidays, spirituality, emotion and fun. The stories (including Indigenous cultural heritage) which emerge when Australians are asked about their ‘beach cultural knowledge’ – historical and contemporary experiences of the Australian coast – await meaningful consideration by those interested in communicating with Australian communities living on the coast. This ‘cultural geography’ is an avenue for policymakers to better communicate and engage with Australian communities in their quest to increase participation in, or motivate interest in community coastal management programs.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Arts
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Guo, Jihao, i Ludger Frerichs. "Development of a hydrostatic transmission with integrated supply for working hydraulics". Technische Universität Dresden, 2020. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71237.
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The paper presents a study of a highly integrated hydraulic powertrain for mobile working machines. The highlight of this new concept is the replacement of separated drive and working pumps in conventional systems with only one displacement pump. After a comparison of different system architectures, the appropriate operating and control strategies for the chosen topology were applied and optimized. With the help of simulations in AMESim, a proof of the function of the hydraulic circuit and the controlling has been established. In addition, the energy saving potential of the integrated hydraulic system is also considered, by comparing the energy consumption of the new and the
conventional powertrain in different duty cycles.
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Parker, Ceth Woodward. "Microbial Iron Reduction In The Development of Iron Formation Caves". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1542892784053378.
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Gage, Zoe O. "Interferon, viruses and drug discovery". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/10127.
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The interferon (IFN) response is a crucial component of cellular innate immunity, vital for controlling virus infections. Dysregulation of the IFN response however can lead to serious medical conditions including autoimmune disorders. Modulators of IFN induction and signalling could be used to treat these diseases and as tools to further understand the IFN response and viral infections. We have developed cell-based assays to identify modulators of IFN induction and signalling, based on A549 cell lines where a GFP gene is under the control of the IFN-β promoter (A549/pr(IFN-β).GFP) and the ISRE containing MxA promoter (A549/pr(ISRE).GFP) respectively. The assays were optimized, miniaturized and validated as suitable for HTS by achieving Z' Factor scores >0.6. A diversity screen of 15,667 compounds using the IFN induction reporter assay identified 2 hit compounds (StA-IFN-1 and StA-IFN-4) that were validated as specifically inhibiting IFNβ induction. Characterisation of these molecules demonstrated that StA-IFN-4 potently acts at, or upstream, of IRF3 phosphorylation. We successfully expanded this HTS platform to target viral interferon antagonists acting upon IFN-signalling. An additional assay was developed where the A549/pr(ISRE).GFP.RBV-P reporter cell line constitutively expresses the Rabies virus phosphoprotein. A compound inhibiting viral protein function will restore GFP expression. The assay was successfully optimized for HTS and used in an in-house screen. We further expanded this assay by placing the expression of RBV-P under the control of an inducible promoter. This demonstrates a convenient approach for assay development and potentiates the targeting of a variety of viral IFN antagonists for the identification of compounds with the potential to develop a novel class of antiviral drugs.