Gotowa bibliografia na temat „IEEE-519 STANDARD”

The paper takes the Chinese standard GB/T 14549-1993, the British Engineering Recommendation G5/4-1, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Std 519-2014 and the part of IEC 61000-3 series standard as an example. Then summarize the difference of harmonic limits, the different processing methods of harmonic impedance, and the different summation law of each standard. Compare the harmonic limit calculation and evaluation methods of Chinese GB/T 14549-1993, British G5/4-1 and IEEE Std 519-2014 standard in detail, summarize the characteristics of the three standards in disturbance emission evaluation and introduce examples to verify the conclusion. Finally, summarize the characteristics and differences of mentioned harmonic standards.

Operation of nonlinear loads can cause harmonic distortion in the voltage and current waveforms that result in abnormal electrical system condition. Content THD (Total Harmonics Distortion) an excess flow can cause power quality systems become worse, thus causing the system power factor is lower. Active filter and Passive filter which aims to reduce harmonics that arise. Analysis THD simulation and measurement results in accordance with IEEE 519-2014 and analysis designing of a passive filter and active filter is right to suppress harmonic distortion. The analysis shows that the installation of active filters causes the current and voltage THD contents to comply with the standard IEEE 519-2014 standards is ?12% and 5%. The use of passive and active filters can reduce THDi content to 8.45% and 3.07%, respectively. While for THDv decreased respectively to 3.68% and 3.45% which already meet the IEEE 519-2014 standards. Power losses decreased respectively to 4.36 kW and 3.86 kW. Installation of active filters is better for reducing THD (Total Harmonics Distortion) and power losses in KA 2085 transformers.

ABSTRACT The occurrence of harmonics is caused by the non-linear operation of the electrical load. The level of harmonic distortion or what is called Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in a transformer can cause losses that affect the efficiency of the transformer. In this study, THD measurements were carried out on four transformers at Tzu Chi Hospital. This research was conducted using observation, documentation, and direct measurements in the field to analyze within the limits of the IEEE 519-2014 standard. The purpose of this study was to analyze the main electrical system at Tzu Chi Hospital, analyze the value of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) for voltage analysis. and currents at Tzu Chi Hospital. THDv based on the measurement results are transformer 1 4.8%, transformer 2 2.48%, transformer 3 1.51%, transformer 5 5%. While the THDi results obtained after measurement are transformer 1 20.2%, transformer 2 29 ,4%, transformer 3 14.78%, transformer 5 37.8%. Even after measurement, THDv was found to conform to the IEEE 519-2014 standard, and THD was found to be non-compliant with the IEEE 519-2014 standard. ABSTRAK Timbulnya harmonik disebabkan oleh operasi beban listrik non-linier. Tingkat distorsi harmonik atau yang disebut dengan Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) pada suatu trafo dapat menimbulkan rugi-rugi yang mempengaruhi efisiensi trafo. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengukuran THD pada empat trafo di Rumah Sakit Tzu Chi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode observasi, dokumentasi, dan pengukuran langsung di lapangan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian dengan batasan standar IEEE 519 2014. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis sistem kelistrikan utama di Rumah Sakit Tzu Chi, menganalisa perhitungan nilai Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) untuk tegangan dan arus di Rumah Sakit Tzu Chi. THDv berdasarkan hasil pengukuran yaitu transformator 1 4,8%, transformator 2 2,48%, transformator 3 1,51%, transformator 5 5%.sedangkan THDi hasil yang didapat setelah dilakukan pengukuran adalah transformator 1 20,2%, transformator 2 29,4%, transformator 3 14,78%, transformator 5 37,8%. Bahkan setelah pengukuran, THDv diketahui sesuai dengan standar IEEE 519 2014, dan THDi diketahui tidak sesuai dengan standar IEEE 519 2014.

This paper discusses the design of a passive filter system for energy saving in Energy Saving Lamps (LHE) and Light Emitting Diode (LED), but for LHE and LED lamps for current Total Harmonic Distortion (THDi) that do not meet the standard. To reduce the current THD, it can be done by installing a single tune passive filter.””In this paper, we discuss the design of” a”passive filter system using a filter design with Matlab Simulink to determine the size of the components in filter design. To reduce the level of current harmonics, a single tune passive filter is designed which consists of an inductor and capacitor (LC) on the LHE and the LED.”Based on the research”data”that has been carried out,”the THDi measurement results for the lamp load test after using the filter are 49.12% for the LED circuit, 41.86% for the LHE circuit and 11.59% for the combined LED and LHE circuit.”Based on the results”of”each”measurement,”it can be seen that none have met the IEEE 519- 2014 standards. In this study, only using a filter tuned to the 3rd order, and based on the simulation results, it meets the IEEE 519-2014 standard, which is 1.11%.”The results of the design and testing of”tools (filters) show that they do not meet the IEEE 519-2014 standards, namely 11.59%.

Harmonic distortion usually occurs due to the operation of excessive non-linearelectrical loads, this distortion can be reduced by utilizing an active harmonic filter which canusually be adjusted for reactive power on the filter. In this study, an analysis of reactive powersettings on the active filter was carried out to determine the efficiency value obtained byfollowing the IEEE 519 - 2014 THDi standard value of 8% for each phase. The results of theanalysis of the smallest reactive power setting but exceeding the transformer efficiency valuewhen the existing condition meets the IEEE 519 - 2014 standard is 40 % with the THDi value forthe R phase = 7, 54%, S = 7,74%, and T = 7, 37% obtained an efficiency value of 96, 31%.

The types of filters used to reduce harmonic distortion are passive filters, active filtersand hybrid filters. The type of filter that usually uses the system controller is an active filter. Inthis study, an analysis of current harmonic distortion from the simulation results using matlabhaccording to the IEEE Std 519-1992 standard in existing conditions, active filter operatingconditions, active filter operation using PID controllers and active filters based on Fuzzy LogicController. The simulation results of the three models used show that the resulting THDii stillmeets the IEEE Std 519-1992 standard, namely the THDi is still 8%, the simulation results forPID-based active filters are: pasa R = 2.89%; S = 2.34%; T = 3.23% and based on fuzzy logiccontrollers are: R = 0.15%; S = 0.11%; T = 0.13%.

Abstract With the increasing need for and use of electrical energy amid increasingly rapid technological advances, especially in the use of electronic equipment in hospitals, it is necessary to pay attention to the problem of harmonics due to the use of non-linear electrical equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the current and voltage THD for each non-linear equipment user. If the current and voltage THD values do not meet the standards, then a filter design is carried out so that the THD values meet the standards. Based on the results of THD measurements on the Main Distribution Panel (MDP) of RSU UKI, it was found that the THD of the voltage varied between 0.7877% - 2.4363% and the current THD varied between 5.3073% - 9.2363%. The measured THD value refers to the IEEE 519-2014 standard. If the THD value of the measurement results exceeds the IEEE 519-2014 standard, a harmonic filter is needed. With the simulated single tuned filter design, the current THD decreases within the standard value. The THD value of the current after installing the filter at the three MDP’s of the RSU UKI, namely MDP A of 1.72%, MDP B of 0.64% and MDP C of 1.30%.

Abstract Today’s electrical appliances use power electronics to save electricity. However, this equipment generates non-sinusoidal current, causing wave defect, expressed as total harmonic distortion (THD). As the %THD increases, the greater risk of equipment damage. For this reason, the research was carried out in the Faculty of Engineering Building, Universitas Kristen Indonesia Jakarta (FT UKI Jakarta) where there are many load combinations such as computers, various types of lights, laboratory equipment such as transformers, electric motors and so on. The research was conducted using quantitative method. Data collection is carried out directly in the main panel. Based on the measurement results, the calculation of the maximum load current (IL) and short circuit (ISC) is carried out. Through these values, it can be seen that whether the odd dominant harmonic values and orders meets the IEEE 519-2014 standards or not. Calculations and analysis of the measurement results have shown that the %THDI in the FT UKI building has not meet the standard. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate the filter design to reduce the %THDI, so that the results can meets the IEEE 519-2014 standard, which is below 5%.

Harmonic filter is a power electronics technology to produce specific current components that canbe used to reduce harmonic currents generated by non-linear loads. Non-linear load is usually foundon electronic equipment in which there are semi-conductor components, such as the use of airconditioners, TVs, computers, medical equipment, musical instruments and so forth. Based onpreliminary measurements at Blue Point Bay Villa & Spa, the simulation results of the THD (TotalHarmonic Distortion) current value of 25.17%, which means exceeding the IEEE 159-2014 standardvalue of ? 15.0%. Filters that are placed incorrectly can cause THD harmonics to be suboptimal. Fromthe results of the study it was found that the THDv value at Blue Point Bay Villa & Spa was 4.83%where these conditions met the maximum THDv IEEE 519-2014 standard for voltages ? 69 kV. THDivalue at Blue Point Bay Villa & Spa after the use of active and passive filters is ? 15% and accordingto IEEE Standard 519-2014. The best placement of active filters to reduce power distortion is SDP 2.2because it can reduce power distortion from 20.08% to 3.94%, and the best passive filter placement isMDP 2, because it can reduce power distortion from 20.13 % to 8.52%.

Modern power distribution systems face two challenges from increasing electronic-based loads and integrating renewable energy sources. Distribution networks experience problems with current-based power quality as a result of these power-related electronic devices. Power quality problems include issues like poor power factor, load imbalance, harmonics in the supply current, voltage regulation, and others. To mitigate these issues, a shunt active power filter (SAPF) is used. This can be done by a number of controllers. In the case of a normal grid condition, the unit-in-template approach can be utilized to extract the synchronization signals. When the grid deteriorates due to voltage sag, swell, distortion, and DC offset problems present in the grid. Therefore, it is also essential to employ effective PLL algorithms to estimate synchronization template signals.. The grid-connected system is connected to the point of common coupling (PCC) via a voltage source converter, and the non-linear loads are also connected. Due to their efficiency and compactness, the power electronic-based loads are growing every day. Reactive power is drawn by the non-linear loads, which lowers the quality of the power and introduces harmonics into the system, which increases losses. To address the aforementioned problems, SAPF is built and configured to perform power factor correction, reactive power compensation, and harmonic mitigation. In order to enhance the power quality in distribution systems, it is advised to comply to a range of international standards based on IEEE and IEC. IEEE-519 standards for grid current harmonic mitigation should be followed. According to the IEEE-519 standard, the Total Harmonic Distortion Factor in grid current should be less than 5%. In addition, the IEEE-1547 standard mentions the allowable harmonic content that can be injected by PV systems when connected to the grid. In this thesis work, the SAPF is created for single-phase distribution systems utilizing Matlab Simulink software. Dynamic load conditions evaluate the effectiveness. In a single phase system, a 5-level cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter replaces the standard 2-level inverter. MLI has a number of benefits over a normal 2-level inverter since it switches operated at a lower frequency and experiences fewer switching losses. The harmonic content decreases as the number of levels rises. The CHB-MLI system has the necessary flexibility vi thanks to its modular design. A phase-shifted pulse width modulation technique produces the gate pulses by comparing the generated reference currents with the actual supply current signals. The performance of the SAPF is dependent on the different control algorithms used to extract the harmonics from the non-linear load current. In the literature, various conventional and adaptive control techniques are addressed. The performance of the control algorithm is assessed using a number of important considerations, such as the degree of computational complexity, the degree of filtration, oscillations, overshoot, settling time, mean square error, phase-locked loop (PLL) requirement, memory requirement, and the THD obtained in grid current and convergence behavior of fundamental load current under dynamic conditions. To enhance the power quality of distribution networks, SAPF needs to be appropriately controlled for further processing and control. Its controller is based on extracting the fundamental component of load current for the generation of reference current. This thesis involves designing new control algorithms to retrieve the fundamental load current component. This study proposes, develops, and tests a variety of control algorithms. The SAPF efficiency is also impacted by how precisely the control algorithm extracts the reference current and compensates for the harmonics produced by the load. The areas of active noise cancellation, signal enhancement, noise filtering, echo cancellation, etc., have all been covered by adaptive signal processing techniques over the past few decades. Least Mean Square (LMS), Synchronous Reference Frame Theory (SRFT), and Notch Filter are common algorithms used for the estimation of fundamental component of load current components. A method of parallel tangent (PARTAN-LMS) algorithm has been developed to operate under distorted grid conditions, and some advanced adaptive control algorithms, such as Normalized Least Mean Absolute Third (NLMAT), Normalized Huber (NHuber), and Robust Shrinkage Affine Projection Sign Algorithm (RSAPS), have also been implemented. The grid must be synchronized with power electronic converters for effective control. The voltage-based electrical quality of Indian systems can occasionally be problematic. Harmonics, phase angle jumps, frequency shifts, voltage sag, swell, and DC offset are vii common issues with voltage signals used for synchronization. To resolve these voltage based power quality problems, open-loop and closed-loop synchronization approaches can be applied. Phase-locked loops are a frequently employed part of synchronization techniques. The phase-locked loop technique is required for quick and accurate detection of the grid phase angle and frequency for integration. The chosen method of synchronization has an impact on the stability and accuracy of the control system. Grid collapse could result from inaccurate PLL information. It is necessary to look for an appropriate PLL that can be applied in real-time, has a simpler structure, and can address the weak grid problems. For the 5-Level CHB-MLI controller to operate, the synchronization controller also keeps track of grid voltage, phase, and frequency information. This thesis presents three grid-synchronization techniques for single-phase systems: Synchronous Reference Frame Theory (SRF-PLL), Second Order Generalized Integrator (SOGI-PLL), and Third Order Sinusoidal Integrator (TOSSI-PLL). SRF-PLL is the traditional and frequently employed PLL under typical circumstances. However, this PLL does not accurately track frequency and phase angle when the grid is distorted. Therefore, finding alternatives to SRF-based PLLs is essential. For handling various grid anomalies, orthogonal signal generator (OSG) based PLL has been widely used and implemented in recent years. Additionally, compared to SRF-PLL, its tracking capability is quite good and accurate. The most commonly used OSG- PLL is SOGI-PLL, but its performance deteriorates especially in DC-offset conditions; therefore, one more PLL, i.e., TOSSI-PLL, has been implemented to tackle grid abnormalities which exhibits good performance as compared to SRF-PLL and SOGI-PLL. The findings of extensive mathematical modeling, simulations and experiments have been presented in this thesis. The effectiveness of the synchronization algorithms has been demonstrated through simulation and experimental testing under various grid voltage conditions such as voltage sag and swells, phase shift, and DC offset and also tested under sudden load variations In grid-connected systems, photovoltaic (PV) based voltage source converters (VSC) serve the dual purposes of bidirectional active power transfer to the grid and load. They can be controlled to achieve grid current balancing, harmonic reduction, reactive power balance, viii and improvement of the supply side power factor to unity. The PV source can be integrated through a DC-DC boost converter using the double-stage topology, or it can be linked directly to the VSC at its DC link using the single-stage topology. Fewer devices are required in a single stage, and it offers improved control. Additionally, because of independent Maximum Power Point Tracking, it has an increased operation region and more flexibility. In this thesis, a single-stage, single-phase grid-connected system has been presented. The PV arrays are connected to the DC link side of the 5-Level CHB-MLI. The proposed system can operate in two modes, day and night. During the day, the active power is injected into the grid, and during the night, the solar arrays are disconnected; the SAPF will do the harmonics compensation and make the system power factor unity. The system is tested under distorted grid conditions. Two PLLs viz. SRF-PLL and Modified Notch Filter SOGIPLL (MNFSOGI-PLL) is implemented to generate the unit template and reference current. The SRF-PLL fails to work in distorted grid conditions, but MNFSOGI-PLL exhibits good performance under the distorted grid, especially to handle DC offset. To enhance the quality of the power, offer reactive power compensation, and inject active power into the grid, these system configurations will be implemented and analyzed using simulation models and experimental prototypes.

A novel hybrid series active power filter to eliminate harmonics and compensate reactive power is presented and analyzed. The proposed active compensation technique is based on a hybrid series active filter using ATS algorithm in the conventional Sinusoidal Fryze voltage (SFV) control technique. This chapter discusses the comparative performances of conventional Sinusoidal Fryze voltage control strategy and ATS-optimized controllers. ATS algorithm has been used to obtain the optimum value of Kp and Ki. Analysis of the hybrid series active power filter system under non-linear load condition and its impact on the performance of the controllers is evaluated. MATLAB/Simulink results and Total harmonic distortion (THD) shows the practical viability of the controller for hybrid series active power filter to provide harmonic isolation of non-linear loads and to comply with IEEE 519 recommended harmonic standards. The ATS-optimized controller has been attempted for shunt active power filter too, and its performance has also been discussed in brief.