Artykuły w czasopismach: „IEEE-14 POWER SYSTEM”

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Gongada, Sandhya Rani, Muktevi Chakravarthy i Bhukya Mangu. "Power system contingency classification using machine learning technique". Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, nr 6 (1.12.2022): 3091–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i6.4031.

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One of the most effective ways for estimating the impact and severity of line failures on the static security of the power system is contingency analysis. The contingency categorization approach uses the overall performance index to measure the system's severity (OPI). The newton raphson (NR) load flow technique is used to extract network variables in a contingency situation for each transmission line failure. Static security is categorised into five categories in this paper: secure (S), critically secure (CS), insecure (IS), highly insecure (HIS), and most insecure (MIS). The K closest neighbor machine learning strategy is presented to categorize these patterns. The proposed machine learning classifiers are trained on the IEEE 30 bus system before being evaluated on the IEEE 14, IEEE 57, and IEEE 118 bus systems. The suggested k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier increases the accuracy of power system security assessments categorization. A fuzzy logic approach was also investigated and implemented for the IEEE 14 bus test system to forecast the aforementioned five classifications.

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Hiwarkar, Dr Chandrashekhar S., Abhay M. Halmare, Anurag A. Belsare, Nitin B. Mohriya i Roshan Milmile. "Load Flow Analysis on IEEE 14 Bus System". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 4 (30.04.2022): 1572–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41590.

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Abstract: This article presents a load flow analysis of an IEEE14 BUS system using the Newton-Raphson method, which simplifies the analysis of load balancing problems. The software used for the programming platform is MATLAB. This paper gives an overview of the electrical performance and power flows (real and reactive) under a steady state. There are various methods for load flow computations. The gauss-seidel method is more popular in smaller systems because of less computational time. In the case of larger systems computation time increases in this condition, the Newton-Raphson method is preferred. This project aims to develop a MATLAB program to calculate voltages and active and reactive power at each bus for IEEE 14 bus systems. The MATLAB program is executed with the input data and results are compared. Keywords: load flow studies, Newton-Raphson method, IEEE 14 bus system.

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Mandava, Srihari, Vanishree J i Ramesh V. "A Spanning Tree Approach in Placing Multi-channel and Minimum Channel PMU’s for Power System Observability". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, nr 3 (1.06.2015): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i3.pp518-524.

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Synchronized phasor measurements have become the measurement technique of choice for electric power systems. They provide positive sequence voltage and current measurements synchronized to within a microsecond. The objective is to use the spanning tree approach and tree search technique for optimal placement of multichannel and minimum channel synchronized phasor measurement units (PMUs) in order to have full observability of Power System. The novel concept of depth of observability is used and its impact on the number of PMU placements is explained. The spanning tree approach is used for the power system graphs and a tree search technique is used for finding the optimal location of PMUs. This is tested on IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 bus system. The same technique is modified to optimally place minimum channel PMUs on the same IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 bus systems. Matlab tool has been used for fulfilling the objective.

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Chakravorty, J., i J. Saraswat. "Deciding Optimal Location of DPFC in Transmission Line Using Artificial Algae Algorithm". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, nr 2 (10.04.2019): 3978–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2667.

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In this paper, the application of artificial algae algorithm (AAA) in optimal placement distributed power flow controller (DPFC) with MCFC in transmission networks has been proposed The proposed method is tested on IEEE 14- bus system and the results are discussed. The biggest advantage of DPFC is that it can control the active and reactive power flow and bus voltages, simultaneously. In this paper, the optimal placement of one DPFC in IEEE-14 bus system and then optimal placement of two DPFCs in IEEE-14 bus system has been proposed. Optimal placement of DPFC in power system by AAA leads to increased stability and capacity of the power transmission in lines. The proposed model has been simulated in Matlab/Simulink and the performance results are tabulated.

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Anuar, Aminudin, M. A. A. Wahab, S. N. M. Arshad, M. I. F. Romli, A. H. A. Bakar i M. A. A. Bakar. "Transient stability for IEEE 14 bus power system using power world simulator". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1432 (styczeń 2020): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1432/1/012009.

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Dhana Sai Sri, M., i P. Srinivasa Varma. "Evaluation and Analysis of Available Transfer Capability in Deregulated Power System Environment". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 1.8 (9.02.2018): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.8.16399.

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Reliability of network is need of the hour in the present power system market and is constrained by capability of the network. The network calculations are performed using accurate and high efficient strategies. In order to perform power transactions in the system, the computation of available transfer capability is essential which a metric of capability of the system. Generally, effect wattless power is not taken into account in the methodologies for computation of linear available transfer capability. In this paper, a methodology which considers the reactive power flows for enhancement of linear ATC is presented. In order to perform analysis theoretically, a standard IEEE 3 bus system is considered. Another case study i.e., 14 bus system available in IEEE test systems is used for simulation analysis. FACTS technology is incorporated in the existing system in order to enhance capability of the network. To facilitate transfer maximum power in the system, an optimal power-flow-based ATC enhancement model is formulated and presented along with simulation results. Studies based on the IEEE 3-bus system and 14-bus systems with TCSC demonstrate the effectiveness of FACTS control on ATC enhancement.

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Liu, Bin, Feng Liu, Bingxu Zhai i Haibo Lan. "Investigating continuous power flow solutions of IEEE 14‐bus system". IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 14, nr 1 (16.07.2018): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.22773.

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Araga, Idris A., i A. E. Airoboman. "Enhancement of voltage stability in an interconnected network using unified power flow controller". Journal of Advances in Science and Engineering 4, nr 1 (2.01.2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jase.v4i1.141.

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In this paper, the optimal placement of Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFC) in a large-scale transmission network in order to improve the loadability margin was considered. In other to achieve this aim, the Line Stability Factor (LQP) as a technique for the optimal location of UPFC in the IEEE 14-bus network and 56-bus Nigerian national grid was adopted. The power injection model for the UPFC was employed to secure improvements in the loading margin of the IEEE 14-bus network and 56-bus Nigerian national grid system. Continuation power flow was used to assess the effect of UPFC on the loadability margin. Steady-state simulations using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) on MATLAB was applied to determine the effectiveness of placing UPFC between bus 13 and bus 14 in the IEEE 14-bus network and between bus 44 (Ikot-Ekpene) and bus 56 (Odukpani) in the 56-bus Nigerian national grid system. The results showed that the loadability margin increased by 8.52 % after UPFC was optimally placed in the IEEE 14-bus network and increased by 195.5 % after UPFC was optimally placed in the 56-bus Nigerian national grid system. Thus, these enhance the voltage stability of both network and utilizing the network efficiently.

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Chakravorty, J., i J. Saraswat. "Improving Power Flow Capacity of Transmission Lines Using DPFC with a PEM Fuel Cell". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, nr 6 (1.12.2019): 4883–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3155.

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The electrical power system is one complex architecture integrating generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization sections. The exponential increase in power requirements made this system more complex and dynamic. Providing good quality and uninterrupted power has become a challenge. In this respect, FACTS devices are playing a vital role in improving power quality and also in increasing the transmission capacity of lines. In this paper. Distributed Power Flow Controller (DPFC), with a PEM fuel cell, has been used in an IEEE-14 bus system to improve system power flow capacity. The proposed IEEE-14 bus with DPFC has been simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The effects are exhibited and analyzed.

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Adegoke, Samson Ademola, Yanxia Sun i Zenghui Wang. "Minimization of Active Power Loss Using Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization". Mathematics 11, nr 17 (24.08.2023): 3660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11173660.

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Identifying the weak buses in power system networks is crucial for planning and operation since most generators operate close to their operating limits, resulting in generator failures. This work aims to identify the critical/weak node and reduce the system’s power loss. The line stability index (Lmn) and fast voltage stability index (FVSI) were used to identify the critical node and lines close to instability in the power system networks. Enhanced particle swarm optimization (EPSO) was chosen because of its ability to communicate with better individuals, making it more efficient to obtain a prominent solution. EPSO and other PSO variants minimized the system’s actual/real losses. Nodes 8 and 14 were identified as the critical nodes of the IEEE 9 and 14 bus systems, respectively. The power loss of the IEEE 9 bus system was reduced from 9.842 MW to 7.543 MW, and for the IEEE 14 bus system, the loss was reduced from 13.775 MW of the base case to 12.253 MW for EPSO. EPSO gives a better active power loss reduction and improves the node’s voltage profile than other PSO variants and algorithms in the literature. This suggests the feasibility and suitability of EPSO to improve the grid voltage quality.

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Hazarika, Sanjib. "Optimized Power Flow Analysis of IEEE 14 Bus System Using Matlab". International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 7, nr 6 (30.06.2019): 1200–1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v7i6.12001203.

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Gupta, Santosh Kumar, i Sanjeev Kumar Mallik. "Fast assessment of the voltage stability using reconfigured power system network and artificial neural network approaches". Engineering Research Express 5, nr 3 (25.08.2023): 035047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/acf189.

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Abstract Planning and running power systems must take voltage stability into account. Instability is mostly caused by the power system’s failure to supply the demand for reactive power. The voltage stability margin must be understood by utilities if they are to operate the power system with the highest level of security and dependability. This paper uses reconfigured 12 bus, 10 bus, and 8-bus reconfigured networks of the interconnected IEEE 14 bus system to demonstrate the proposed quick method for assessing the voltage stability. The original (IEEE 14 bus) and the reconfigured (12 bus, 10 bus, and 8-bus) systems’ voltage stability has been evaluated using the line stability index indicators: fast voltage stability index (FVSI), line voltage stability index (LVSI), and line stability index (Lmn). Based on the maximum loadability factor, the contingencies for the original and reconfigured systems are ranked. The system loadability factor is used as the input parameter, and the LVSI, Lmn, and FVSI indices for the critical line under critical contingency are used as an output to train the ANN network. It has been found that there is no discernible difference between the actual (NR method) and predicted (ANN approach) output. For accessing the voltage stability of the IEEE 14 bus system by its reconfigured networks using the proposed approach, the computational time and error are very low, showing the effectiveness, rapidity, and accuracy of the suggested approach.

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Deepa, SN, i J. Rizwana. "Minimization of losses and FACTS installation cost using proposed differential gravitational search algorithm optimization technique". Journal of Vibration and Control 23, nr 2 (9.08.2016): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546315576612.

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The optimal location of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers in a multi-machine power system using proposed differential gravitational search algorithm (DGSA) optimization method is proposed in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to employ DGSA optimization technique to solve optimal power flow problem in the presence of Unified Power Flow controller for improving voltage profile by reducing losses along with the installation cost thereby enhancing the power system stability. A differential operator is incorporated into the gravitational search algorithm for effective search of the better solution. Due to this, the convergence and accuracy will be faster. The IEEE-6 bus, IEEE-14 bus and IEEE-30 bus systems are tested along with three other optimization techniques to validate the effectiveness of this proposed method. This proposed algorithm presents an optimal location of FACTS devices in transmission lines.

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R. Sukhesh, H., Senthil Vadivu U., Prabhakar Karthikey i . "Optimal Placement of Fuzzy based UPQC Topologies with Distributed Generation for Power Quality Enhancement in IEEE 14 Bus System". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 4.10 (2.10.2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.11.20817.

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An Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), is a combination of shunt and series Active Power Filter (APF), has become a standard accepted solution in the area of current and voltage harmonics mitigation of a power system network. This paper furnishes a comparative analysis of the power quality enhancement and optimization in positioning for three different VSI based UPQC system configurations namely: 3P3W UPQC topology, 3P4W UPQC based on 2C shunt inverter topology and 3P4W UPQC based on 4L shunt inverter topology, all supported with the Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC), placed at different locations in a standard IEEE 14 bus system. Simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK provides the optimal position of UPQC for mitigating the harmonic issues in the standard IEEE 14 bus system.

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Sasikala, Dr K., Dr J. Jayakumar, Dr A. Senthil Kumar, Dr Shanty Chacko i Dr Hephzibah Jose Queen. "Regression Based Predictive Machine Learning Model for Pervasive Data Analysis in Power Systems". International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 10, nr 3 (30.09.2022): 550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.100324.

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The main aim of this paper is to highlight the benefits of Machine Learning in the power system applications. The regression-based machine learning model is used in this paper for predicting the power system analysis and Economic analysis results. In this paper, Predictive ML models for two modified IEEE 14-bus and IEEE-30 bus systems, integrated with renewable energy sources and reactive power compensative devices are proposed and developed with features that include an hour of the day, solar irradiation, wind velocity, dynamic grid price, and system load. An hour-wise input database for the model development is generated from monthly average data and hour-wise daily curves with normally distributed standard deviations. A very significant Validation technique (K Fold cross validation technique) is explained. Correlation between Input and output variable using spearman’s correlation analysis using Heat maps. Followed by the Multiple Linear Regression based Training and testing of the Modified IEEE 14 and IEEE30 Bus systems for base load case, 10% and 20% load increment with the 5-fold cross validation is also presented. Comparative analysis is performed to find the best fit ML Model for our research.

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Wang, Zhong-Jie, Shu-Ying Yuan, Xuan Zhao i Cheng-Chao Lu. "Differential evolution-based optimal placement of phase measurement unit considering measurement redundancy". International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 06, nr 01 (marzec 2015): 1550016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962315500166.

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Phase measurement unit (PMU) is the key equipment for electric power system, which has been used to monitor and control power grid. But it is too expensive to deploy on each bus. So, we need to investigate how to deploy PMU to satisfy our observation requirements with minimum PMU numbers. This problem is called the optimal PMU placement (OPP). In this paper, we employ differential evolution (DE) algorithm to solve the OPP problem. Our optimization target is to make the power grid completely observable with maximum redundancy and minimum number of PMU. The proposed method is tested on IEEE 14-bus system, IEEE 30-bus system and IEEE 57-bus system respectively with considering the zero injection.

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Khaldi, Mohamad R. "Power Systems Analysis Toolbox: Planning and Contingency". Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (styczeń 2012): 3884–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3884.

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Outages and planning primarily account for the removal and addition of new buses, generating power plants, transmission lines, loads, and control devices, respectively. They occur regularly in power systems operation and restoration, and hence a power system is constantly changing its topology. Therefore, there is a need for a software package to emulate these changes. Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) is designed and developed in Matlab environment to simulate contingencies and expansion of power systems. The IEEE 14-bus power system is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed work.

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Chillab, Riyadh Kamil, Aqeel S. Jaber, Mouna Ben Smida i Anis Sakly. "Optimal DG Location and Sizing to Minimize Losses and Improve Voltage Profile Using Garra Rufa Optimization". Sustainability 15, nr 2 (7.01.2023): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021156.

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Distributed generation (DG) refers to small generating plants that usually develop green energy and are located close to the load buses. Thus, reducing active as well as reactive power losses, enhancing stability and reliability, and many other benefits arise in the case of a suitable selection in terms of the location and the size of the DGs, especially in smart cities. In this work, a new nature-inspired algorithm called Garra Rufa optimization is selected to determine the optimal DG allocation. The new metaheuristic algorithm stimulates the massage fish activity during finding food using MATLAB software. In addition, three indexes which are apparently powered loss compounds and voltage profile, are considered to estimate the effectiveness of the proposed method. To validate the proposed algorithm, the IEEE 30 and 14 bus standard test systems were employed. Moreover, five cases of DGs number are tested for both standards to provide a set of complex cases. The results significantly show the high performance of the proposed method especially in highly complex cases compared to particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA). The DG allocation, using the proposed method, reduces the active power losses of the IEEE-14 bus system up to 236.7873%, by assuming 5DGs compared to the active power losses without DG. Furthermore, the GRO increases the maximum voltage stability index of the IEEE-30 bus system by 857% in case of the 4DGs, whereas GA rises the reactive power of 5DGs to benefit the IEEE-14 bus system by 195.1%.

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Mohanty, Swati, Padarbinda Samal i Rudra Narayan Senapati. "Performance Improvement of Power Transmission Networks Under Stressed Condition". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2335, nr 1 (1.09.2022): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2335/1/012047.

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Abstract The traditional method of power generation is not capable of fulfilling the increasing electricity demand. The main objective of installing DG is to put less pressure on the centralized power system and to install them nearer to the load or the consumer. DG and FACTS devices allocation in distribution systems has proved to improve the system performance that is the reduction in power loss, improved voltage profile, controlled power transfer capability, active and reactive power flow, improved transient and dynamic stability, better voltage regulation, etc. In this paper, simultaneous allocation of DG and UPFC is done by using an exhaustive search technique to study the impact on the system in overloading conditions. The main objective is to minimize losses. The power flow analysis is done by using the Newton Raphson method and tested on the IEEE 3-bus system and IEEE 14-bus system in Mi Power 9.0 software.

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C. Ramachandran, M., i K. Elango. "Improvement of power quality of power system using contingency analysis". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 2.21 (20.04.2018): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.21.12180.

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Contingency analysis is a widely known feature in present day Energy Management System (EMS).The purpose of this strength gadget evaluation feature is to offer the operator records approximately the static security. Contingency analysis of electricity gadget is a major pastime in power device planning and operation. In fashionable an outage of any person of transmission line or transformer might also result in over hundreds in other branches and/or unexpected machine voltage upward push or drop. Contingency evaluation is used to calculate violation. This paper shows the instance on IEEE-14 bus system which offers statistics of violation & remedial action to do away with violations. Exact studies had been completed to work out the contingency plans.

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Hyacinth, Lourdusamy Ramya, i Venugopal Gomathi. "Optimal PMU Placement Technique to Maximize Measurement Redundancy Based on Closed Neighbourhood Search". Energies 14, nr 16 (6.08.2021): 4782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164782.

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This paper proposes a method for the optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) for the complete observability of a power system based on the degree of the neighbourhood vertices. A three-stage algorithm is used to determine the minimum number of PMUs needed to make the system observable. The key objective of the proposed methodology is to minimize the total number of PMUs to completely observe a power system network and thereby minimize the installation cost. In addition, the proposed technique also focuses on improving the measurement redundancy. The proposed method is applied on standard IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 24-bus, IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 57-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems and a hybrid AC/DC microgrid test system. The results obtained are compared with already existing methods in terms of the Bus Observability Index (BOI) and System Observability Redundancy Index (SORI). The results show that the proposed method is simple to implement and provides better placement locations for effective monitoring compared to other existing methods.

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Alhamrouni, Ibrahim, Rasyid Ismail, Mohamed Salem, Bazilah Ismail, Awang Jusoh i Tole Sutikno. "Integration of STATCOM and ESS for power system stability improvement". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, nr 2 (1.06.2020): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp859-869.

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The power system enters a state of voltage instability due to the inability of the power system to meet the demand for active power and reactive power due to the increase of system load. In order to stabilize the power system, the installation of STATCOM and ESS needs to be performed. The main objective of this study is to identify the suitable size and location of STATCOM and ESS for power system stability improvement. First, the IEEE 14 bus system was simulated using DIgSILENT software in ideal condition. Then, the system loadability was increased up to 200% of initial value to locate the weakest bus. This study includes the applicable location and sizing of STATCOM and ESS towards improving power system stability. The results showed that the application of STATCOM and ESS with the most reliable size can increase the bus voltage (p.u and kV) of IEEE 14 bus system thus improving the power system stability. For recommendation, the power system stability can be improved by installing multiple STATCOM and ESS at other load buses and applying a controller to both STATCOM and ESS to improve the effectiveness of generating and absorbency of active and reactive power in the power system.

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A. Hussein, Nabil, Ayamn A. Eisa, Hassan M. Mahmoud, Safy A. Shehata i El-Saeed A. Othman. "Interline power flow controller (IPFC) characterization in power systems". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 3 (10.08.2018): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14894.

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Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) have been proposed in the late 1980s to meet and provide the electrical power system requirements. FACTS are used to control the power flow and to improve the power system stability. Interline power flow controller (IPFC) is a versatile device in the FACTS family of controllers and one of its latest generations which has the ability to simultaneously control the power flow in two or multiple transmission lines. This paper is tackling the IPFC performance in power systems; it aims to discuss the availability to define a known scenario for the IPFC performance in different systems. An introduction supported with brief review on IPFC, IPFC principle of operation and IPFC mathematical model are also introduced. IEEE 14-bus and 30-bus systems have chosen as a test power systems to support the behavior study of power system equipped with IPFC device. Three different locations have chosen to give variety of system configurations to give effective performance analysis.

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Bedasso*, Million Alemayehu, i R. Srinu Naik. "Optimal Placement of Unified Power Flow Controller by TOPSIS Method for Loss Minimization". International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 10, nr 1 (30.05.2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.a5702.0510121.

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In order to eliminate active and reactive power losses in the power system, this paper proposes TOPSIS and DE algorithm for determining the best location and parameter settings for the Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). To mitigate power losses, the best UPFC allocation can be achieved by re-dispatching load flows in power systems. The cost of incorporating UPFC into the power system. As a consequence, the proposed objective feature in this paper was created to address this problem. The IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus systems were used as case studies in the MATLAB simulations. When compared to particle swarm optimization, the results show that DE is a simple to use, reliable, and efficient optimization technique than (PSO). The network's active and reactive power losses can be significantly reduced by putting UPFC in the optimum position determined by TOPSIS ranking method.

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Fu, Hong Jun, Jian Hua Sun, Jing Gang Wang i Yang Yu Hu. "The Static Voltage Stability Limit Calculation of AC/DC Hybrid Power System Based on Improved Continuation Power Flow Algorithm". Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (sierpień 2013): 1450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.1450.

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With the HVDC system interconnected to power grid, the voltage stability problem of power grid has become increasingly prominent. This paper establishes the mathematical model of AC/DC hybrid power system and proposed an improved Continuation Power Flow (CPF) algorithm to calculate the static voltage stability limit of AC/DC hybrid system, the characteristics of this algorithm are as following: PQ decoupled power flow algorithm is used; Lagrange quadric interpolation is used in the process of predictor and step control; local parameter method is used in the correction. The iterations of AC/DC calculation alternate to solve power flow equations and select the step control near the critical power limit points to ensure the convergence of power flow solution. In order to verify the correctness of the proposed algorithm, this paper compares the calculation results by the improved algorithm and Matpower on the IEEE 14 bus-system. This paper calculates the static voltage stability limit of AC/DC hybrid power system under different DC control patterns of modified IEEE 14 bus-system and analyzes the impacts of different DC control pattern to the system voltage stability.

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Thotakura, Bharath kumar, Hema Bhargavi Borra i Chinmai Alla. "A novel petri nets algorithm using conditional probability for the evaluation of composite power system reliability". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 2 (17.04.2018): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10909.

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Reliability of an electrical power system plays a vital role in providing continuous power supply to consumers with greater quality. The power demand is increasing day by day due to the increased population, modern society and are seeking highly reliable power. The assessment of reliability is very difficult due to the presence of large number of components and complex power system network con-figurations. This paper address a novel useful step by step algorithm for the assessment of average power availability at load buses us-ing the concept of modified Petri nets with conditional probability. The proposed algorithm is very efficient and can applicable to any number of the bus system. The proposed algorithm is tested with Roy Billiton practical example, IEEE 6 bus, IEEE 14 bus and IEEE RTS-96 bus system. The obtained results are validated by Monte Carlo simulation method, Classical Node elimination method and mod-ified minimal cut set method.

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Che Mat Haris, Harizan, Ismail Musirin i Mohamad Fadhil Mohd Kamal. "Maximum Loadability Identification Using Self-Tuning Algorithm Considering Voltage Limit". Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (sierpień 2015): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.393.

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Due to the complexity of power system nowadays, voltage limit has become a concerned issue. This phenomenon attracted numerous studies in finding the ultimate solution. This paper presents the development of self-tuning technique for identifying maximum loadability for selected buses in a power system network. The algorithm is able to perform fast process in consideration of the voltage limit between 0.9 p.u. to 1.05 p.u. as the acceptable voltage limit in power system community. The proposed concept is conducted for single and multi-load increment; executed on IEEE 14-Bus RTS and IEEE 26-Bus RTS. The proposed technique is feasible for larger transmission system implementation, which in turn avoid computation burden to power system operators.

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Chinda, Padmanabha Raju, i Ragaleela Dalapati Rao. "A binary particle swarm optimization approach for power system security enhancement". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, nr 2 (1.04.2022): 1929. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1929-1936.

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Improvement of power system security manages the errand of making healing move against conceivable system overloads in the framework following the events of contingencies. Generation re-dispatching is answer for the evacuation of line overloads. The issue is the minimization of different goals viz. minimization of fuel cost, minimization of line loadings and minimization of overall severity index. Binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) method was utilized to take care of optimal power flow issue with different targets under system contingencies. The inspiration to introduce BPSO gets from the way that, in rivalry with other meta-heuristics, BPSO has demonstrated to be a champ by and large, putting a technique as a genuine alternative when one needs to take care of a complex optimization problem. The positioning is assessed utilizing fuzzy logic. Simulation Results on IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 bus systems are presented with different objectives.

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Sukhesh, H. R., i Senthil Vadivu U. "Cascade PI-Fuzzy Based Position Optimization of Nonal Switched UPQC with DG for Power Quality Enhancement in IEEE 14 Bus System". WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 20 (8.04.2021): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23201.2021.20.5.

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An Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), owning the composition of shunt and series Active Power Filter (APF), has become a standard accepted solution in the area of current and voltage harmonics mitigation of a power system network. This paper furnishes a novel approach of nonal switched UPQC topology, supported with Distributed Generation (DG), aiming at the power quality enhancement and position optimization, placed at different locations in a standard IEEE 14 bus system. In addition to this, behaviour of the proposed topology is analysed using novel Cascade Proportional Integral (PI) - Fuzzy and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) as control algorithms and the outcomes are compared with the historical twelve switch UPQC topology. Simulation results of the proposal modelled in MATLAB/SIMULINK reveals the superiority of nonal switched UPQC and the optimal position of the proposed conditioner, for mitigating the harmonic issues in the standard IEEE 14 bus system.

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30

Chowdhury, Amit Kumar, Surajit Mondal, Mainak Mukherjee i Pabitra Kumar Biswas. "Mega Watt Security Assessment of Power Systems". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 58 (wrzesień 2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.58.9.

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This paper deals with the security aspects of power system by evaluating the severity of transmission line outage. MW security assessment is made by determining the power flow in the line using load flow for each contingency. The severity of contingency is measured using a scalar index called performance index (PI). DC load flow and Fast Decoupled load flow are used as approximate and exact load flow methods for MW security assessment respectively. Contingency analysis is carried out and ranked lists in the decreasing order of severity based on PI values are prepared for standard test systems. The severity of line is evaluated and compared using these load flow methods. A new method is proposed to avoid Masking problems in MW security assessment. Security analysis is made on standard test systems such as 5, 6, IEEE 14 and IEEE 30 bus systems under present study.

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Chowdhury, Amit Kumar, Surajit Mondal, Mainak Mukherjee i Pabitra Kumar Biswas. "Mega Watt Security Assessment of Power Systems". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 58 (2.09.2015): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-ycsnwz.

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This paper deals with the security aspects of power system by evaluating the severity of transmission line outage. MW security assessment is made by determining the power flow in the line using load flow for each contingency. The severity of contingency is measured using a scalar index called performance index (PI). DC load flow and Fast Decoupled load flow are used as approximate and exact load flow methods for MW security assessment respectively. Contingency analysis is carried out and ranked lists in the decreasing order of severity based on PI values are prepared for standard test systems. The severity of line is evaluated and compared using these load flow methods. A new method is proposed to avoid Masking problems in MW security assessment. Security analysis is made on standard test systems such as 5, 6, IEEE 14 and IEEE 30 bus systems under present study.

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32

Saranya, Mary, Rajapandiyan A, Fathima K., Hema S, GeethaPriya S i Saravanan S. "A Power System Stabilizer for Multi-Machine Power Based on Hybrid BF0A-PSO". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, nr 2 (1.04.2015): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i2.pp213-220.

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Bacterial Swarm Optimization (BSO) is used to design Power System Stabilizers in a multi machine power system. In BSO, the search directions of tumble behavior for each bacterium are oriented by the individual’s best location and the global best location of PSO. The hybrid BFOA-PSO algorithm has been applied to IEEE 14 bus test system under normal, light and heavy load conditions. Simulations results have revealed the strength of the BSO in tuning Power System Stabilizers under normal, light and heavy load conditions. The results present the effectiveness of the controller to improve the power system stability over a different range of loading conditions.

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33

Mukherjee, Suvabrata, i Provas Kumar Roy. "State Estimation of Power Using the Whale Optimization Algorithm". International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing 11, nr 4 (październik 2020): 194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamc.2020100109.

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In power systems, the process of attaining a better prediction from a set of variables from state variables is called state estimation (SE). These variables consist of magnitudes of bus voltage and the corresponding angles of all the buses. Because of the non-linearity and intricacy of ever-developing power systems, it has become important to apply upgraded techniques for the dissolution and supervision in practical environments. The discussed analysis evaluates the appositeness of a new metaheuristic technique called the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) which is a population-based algorithm, to reduce the measurement errors so as to gauge the optimal point of the power system when some susceptible values are inadequate. WOA displays admirable attainment in global optimization. It employs a bubble-net hunting approach and it mimics the social behaviour of humpback whales to get the best candidate solution. The approach is tested on IEEE-14, IEEE-30, and IEEE-57 bus test systems and the potency is validated by comparison with the biogeography based optimization algorithm (BBO).

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Joshi, Pragya, i Sachin K. Jain. "An improved active power direction method for harmonic source identification". Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 42, nr 13 (26.06.2020): 2569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331220932638.

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Due to significant increment in harmonic polluting loads in the power system, there has been enhanced attention of the power professionals towards the estimation of harmonic signals and identification of their sources in the system. Harmonic source identification is an important step for proper accountability, monitoring, and mitigation of any harmonic pollution. The active power direction (APD) method is one of the conventional approaches for harmonic source detection in the distribution system. Although it is simple and easy to implement, serious concerns were raised on its validity, as the direction of active power is dependent on the phase angle. In this paper, APD is augmented with distorting and non-distorting power to improve its accuracy and reliability for harmonic source identification. The distorting and non-distorting portions of the loads are separated, and the distorting and non-distorting powers are calculated at each node. These calculated powers, in addition to the direction of the harmonic active power, are used to formulate the logic required for deciding the severity index at each node. The validity of the method has been tested on a single-phase network, an IEEE-5 bus system, and an IEEE-14 bus system. It has been observed that the proposed method provides good results than conventional APD with the same measurement requirement.

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35

Krishna Praveen, D., ShaikHussain Vali i Vempalle Rafi. "A Novel Fast Hybrid Frequency Domain Approach for Evaluating Harmonic Power Flow in Electricity Networks". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2070, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2070/1/012134.

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Abstract Ideally, an AC power supply should constantly provide a perfectly sinusoidal voltage signal at every customer location. Nowadays, many power electronic equipment’s are used in industry in seeking higher system reliability and efficiency and more electronic or microprocessor controllers are used in power system to control AC/DC transmission lines or loads. Moreover, the importance of green energy such as wind and solar is continually growing in our societies not only due to environmental concerns but also to resolve the problem of access to electricity in rural areas. As a result of these issues, power quality problems especially generation of harmonics are on the rise in the distribution network. In electrical power system, harmonics have a number of undesirable effects on power system devices as well as on their operation. It therefore becomes imperative for power system engineers to analyse the penetration of harmonics from the various sources into the network which commonly is known as harmonic power flow evaluation. This paper proposed a novel fast hybrid frequency domain approach (FHA) to evaluate the steady state harmonic power flow with discrete harmonic frequency. The proposed method is applied to IEEE – 14 bus, IEEE New England 39 - bus, IEEE – 57 bus and IEEE 118 - bus power system respectively and compared with Newton – Raphson (NR) load flow method and Fast decoupled load flow method (FDLF) and the results validate the accuracy, robustness and authenticity of the proposed method.

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36

Giri, Jayprakash, Sh Rajiv Chauhan i Smt Nidhi Mishra. "Performance Study on IEEE Bus System for Contingency Problem and Mitigation". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 7, nr 3 (29.03.2021): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v7i3.382.

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The increasing dependence of most businesses on electricity requires regular improvements in distribution systems. The main objective of this study is to provide load balancing in the distribution network by reducing the loss of system performance without violating the voltage and current limits of the power supplies. And the selection of the power system contingency by calculating the transmission line failure performance indices using the load flow analysis on the IEEE 14 bus system. To determine and tabulate the voltage on each bus, the actual current flow on each line and power system leak for specified bus or terminal conditions. Use of DC studies where stress conditions also vary. In this paper, the selection and classification of potential liabilities, important for the analysis of potential liabilities, was carried out by evaluating two important performance indices, namely the active and reactive power index (PIp & PIv). The global performance index (OPI) is calculated. It is the sum of two severity indices, namely the real power index and the voltage power index using the direct current flow method. The work was carried out on the bus system 14 and the line between the buses (9-10) was extremely sensitive to the emergency problem of the described system.

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37

Tang, Xiangying, Yan Hu, Zhanpeng Chen i Guangzeng You. "Flexibility Evaluation Method of Power Systems with High Proportion Renewable Energy Based on Typical Operation Scenarios". Electronics 9, nr 4 (10.04.2020): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040627.

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The development of renewable energy represented by wind, photovoltaic and hydropower has increased the uncertainty of power systems. In order to ensure the flexible operation of power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy, it is necessary to establish a multi-scenario power system flexibility evaluation method. First, this study uses a modified k-means algorithm to cluster operating scenarios of renewable energy and load to obtain several typical scenarios. Then, flexibility evaluation indices are proposed from three perspectives, including supply and demand balance of the zone, power flow distribution of the zone and transmission capacity between zones. Next, to calculate the flexibility evaluation indices of each scenario—and according to the occurrence probability of each scenario—we multiplied the indices of each scenario by the scenario occurrence probability to obtain comprehensive evaluation indices of all scenarios. Based on the actual historical output data of renewable energy and load of a southern power system in China, a flexibility evaluation was performed on the modified IEEE 14 system and modified IEEE 39 system. The results show that the proposed clustering method and flexibility indices can effectively reflect the flexibility status of the power system.

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38

Wang, Ming Qiang, Wei Wei Zou i Xiao Hua Zhou. "Improvement of Thevenin Equivalent Parameters and Computations". Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (maj 2012): 1376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.1376.

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In this paper, the conventional method to acquire Thevenin equivalent parameters is described. The method is based on features of power systems and utilizes the base-case system information. Considering the impact of loads on Thevenin equivalent potential and impedance, this paper makes improvements and brings it closer to the actual situation. The necessary condition about limit power transmission is derived, and the impedance modulus margin can be used to determine voltage stability of power system. Finally, the results of IEEE-14 bus system calculations show effectiveness of the method.

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Naganathan, G. S., i C. K. Babulal. "Voltage Stability Margin Assessment Using Multilayer Feed Forward Neural Network". Applied Mechanics and Materials 573 (czerwiec 2014): 661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.573.661.

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With the deregulation of electricity markets, the system operation strategies have changed in recent years. The systems are operated with smaller margins. How to maintain the voltage stability of the power systems have become an important issue.This paper presents an Artificial Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) approach for the assessment of power system voltage stability. This paper uses some input feature sets using real power, reactive power, voltage magnitude and phase angle to train the neural network (NN). The target output for each input pattern is obtained by computing the distance to voltage collapse from the current system operating point using a continuation power flow type algorithm. This paper compared different input feature sets and showed that reactive power and the phase angle are the best predictors of voltage stability margin. Further, the paper shows that the proposed ANN based method can successfully estimate the voltage stability margin not only under normal operation but also under N-1 contingency situations. The proposed method has been applied to the IEEE 14 and IEEE 30 bus test system. The continuation power flow technique run with PSAT and the proposed method is implemented in MATLAB.

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40

Wang, Xiang Ming, Jing Meng i Kun Bin. "Research on Wind Power Compensation Ratio of Vanadium Flow Battery Based on Power Optimization". Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (wrzesień 2014): 1088–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1088.

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Because of the high spending and better smoothing affect of VRB, studying the wind power compensation ratio of VRB system become more and more important. The paper proposes a new way to get the power compensation ratio of VRB system, through analyzing the transient stability influence on wind speed fluctuation. Make use of PSASP for transient stability analyzing and observe the smooth affect of the wind disturbance based on the model of IEEE-14. The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated with the comparison of transient stability analyze, the comparison demonstrates the wind power compensation ratio of VRB system.

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41

Kadiman, Sugiarto. "TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASSESMENT FOR DISTRIBUTED GENERATION PLACEMENT IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM". KURVATEK 4, nr 1 (25.06.2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33579/krvtk.v4i1.1132.

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This paper presents a proposed function which is known as techno-economic model for optimal placement of distributed generation (DG) resources in distribution systems in order to minimize the power losses and improve voltage profile. Combined sensitivity factors (CSF), such real power loss reduction index, reactive power loss reduction index, voltage profile improvement index, and life cycle cost, and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are applied to the proposed technique to obtain the best compromise between these costs. Simulation results on IEEE 14-bus test system are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed procedure.

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42

Pandey, Vipin Kumar, i Dr Malaya Saurava Dash. "MODELING OF 14 BUS SYSTEM WITH UPFC FOR TRANSIENT STABILITY ENHANCEMENT". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 5, nr 4 (12.04.2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v5i4.219.

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The revolution of Power Electronics Technology has given opportunities for developing the FACTS devices for stable operation of power system. In the last two decades number of Power Electronic based devices are implemented and known as FACTS (Flexible AC transmission System).These devices are effectively used for voltage control, power flow control, harmonic elimination, damping oscillation and improving transient stability and minimization of losses. Static and Transient stability enhancement of IEEE 14 bus system is done with the help of UPFC. Fault is created at a bus and the results show that by properly placing UPFC, settling time of the system can be reduced considerably making the system stable with fewer oscillations.

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43

Banhthasit, Bounthanh, Chaowanan Jamroen i Sanchai Dechanupaprittha. "Optimal Generation Scheduling of Power System for Maximum Renewable Energy Harvesting and Power Losses Minimization". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, nr 4 (1.08.2018): 1954. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp1954-1966.

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This paper proposes an optimal generation scheduling method for a power system integrated with renewable energy sources (RES) based distributed generations (DG) and energy storage systems (ESS) considering maximum harvesting of RES outputs and minimum power system operating losses. The main contribution aims at economically employing RES in a power system. In particular, maximum harvesting of renewable energy is achieved by the mean of ESS management. In addition, minimum power system operating losses can be obtained by properly scheduling operating of ESS and controllable generations. Particle Swam Optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to search for a near global optimal solutions. The optimization problem is formulated and evaluated taking into account power system operating constraints. The different operation scenarios have been used to investigate the effective of the proposed method via DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. The proposed method is examined with IEEE standard 14-bus and 30-bus test systems.

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44

Zhang, Zhiyu, Jinzhe Qiu i Wentao Ma. "Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter with Correntropy Loss for Robust Power System State Estimation". Entropy 21, nr 3 (18.03.2019): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21030293.

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Monitoring the current operation status of the power system plays an essential role in the enhancement of the power grid for future requirements. Therefore, the real-time state estimation (SE) of the power system has been of widely-held concern. The Kalman filter is an outstanding method for the SE, and the noise in the system is generally assumed to be Gaussian noise. In the actual power system however, these measurements are usually disturbed by non-Gaussian noises in practice. Furthermore, it is hard to get the statistics of the state noise and measurement noise. As a result, a novel adaptive extended Kalman filter with correntropy loss is proposed and applied for power system SE in this paper. Firstly, correntropy is used to improve the robustness of the EKF algorithm in the presence of non-Gaussian noises and outliers. In addition, an adaptive update mechanism of the covariance matrixes of the measurement and process noises is introduced into the EKF with correntropy loss to enhance the accuracy of the algorithm. Extensive simulations are carried out on IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus test systems to verify the feasibility and robustness of the proposed algorithm.

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45

M, Kamalakkannun, i Sridhar N D. "Linear Programming Based Optimal Power Flow Optimization of DCOPF for an IEEE 5 and IEEE 14 Bus System". International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 9, nr 11 (30.11.2022): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23488379/ijeee-v9i11p109.

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BABU, P. SURESH, P. B. CHENNAIAH i M. SREEHARI. "Optimal Placement of SVC Using Fuzzy and Firefly Algorithm". IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 4, nr 4 (1.12.2015): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v4.i4.pp113-117.

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Voltage stability is major phenomena in any power system network for reliability and continuity operation. But the tight operation of power system due to overloading or fault on the system which is evitable and major threat to the power system. So it is necessary to maintain the voltages within the constraints at the overloading conditions also by placing of Static VAR Compensator (SVC) at optimal locations. New approaches are used to find the placement and size of the SVC at different locations. Fuzzy is used to find the location and the size of the SVC is fined by the Firefly algorithm. This paper considers different loading conditions of the power system network (125,150,175over loading conditions). From the results we can conclude that the power losses are reduced and the voltages can be maintained within the limits .IEEE 14 bus, IEEE 30 bus system is taken for the implementing the above techniques.

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47

ZITOUNI, Abdelkader, i Hamid BENTARZI. "BTLBO Based SPMUs Placement Optimization for Fault Observation in Power Grid". Algerian Journal of Signals and Systems 4, nr 1 (15.06.2019): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51485/ajss.v4i1.78.

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The placement of synchro-phasor measurement units in electric transmission systems has also gained much attention for enhancing the control as well as the protection scheme. In this research work, a binary teaching learning based optimization (BTLBO) algorithm for the optimal placement of synchro-phasor measurement units (SPMUs) is proposed. The optimal PMU placement problem is formulated to minimize the number of SPMUs installation subject to full network observability of the power system buses under fault conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the simulation of IEEE 14-bus benchmark system.

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Nadimi-Shahraki, Mohammad H., Shokooh Taghian, Seyedali Mirjalili, Laith Abualigah, Mohamed Abd Elaziz i Diego Oliva. "EWOA-OPF: Effective Whale Optimization Algorithm to Solve Optimal Power Flow Problem". Electronics 10, nr 23 (29.11.2021): 2975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10232975.

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The optimal power flow (OPF) is a vital tool for optimizing the control parameters of a power system by considering the desired objective functions subject to system constraints. Metaheuristic algorithms have been proven to be well-suited for solving complex optimization problems. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is one of the well-regarded metaheuristics that is widely used to solve different optimization problems. Despite the use of WOA in different fields of application as OPF, its effectiveness is decreased as the dimension size of the test system is increased. Therefore, in this paper, an effective whale optimization algorithm for solving optimal power flow problems (EWOA-OPF) is proposed. The main goal of this enhancement is to improve the exploration ability and maintain a proper balance between the exploration and exploitation of the canonical WOA. In the proposed algorithm, the movement strategy of whales is enhanced by introducing two new movement strategies: (1) encircling the prey using Levy motion and (2) searching for prey using Brownian motion that cooperate with canonical bubble-net attacking. To validate the proposed EWOA-OPF algorithm, a comparison among six well-known optimization algorithms is established to solve the OPF problem. All algorithms are used to optimize single- and multi-objective functions of the OPF under the system constraints. Standard IEEE 6-bus, IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus, and IEEE 118-bus test systems are used to evaluate the proposed EWOA-OPF and comparative algorithms for solving the OPF problem in diverse power system scale sizes. The comparison of results proves that the EWOA-OPF is able to solve single- and multi-objective OPF problems with better solutions than other comparative algorithms.

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49

Meddeb, Asma, Nesrine Amor, Mohamed Abbes i Souad Chebbi. "A Novel Approach Based on Crow Search Algorithm for Solving Reactive Power Dispatch Problem". Energies 11, nr 12 (28.11.2018): 3321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123321.

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This paper presents a novel meta-heuristic approach based on the crow search algorithm (CSA) for solving the optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) problem. The ORPD is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem designed to minimize power losses while satisfying the required constraints. The CSA is a recent efficient approach that depends on the intelligent behavior of crows. Nowadays, it has been used to solve many complex engineering optimization problems where it has proven its power and effectiveness. Motivated by the high ability in solving complex optimization problems and faster convergence of CSA, this paper proposes a novel approach to solve the ORPD problem. Furthermore, the settings of control variables such as generator terminal voltage, tap changer positions, and capacitor banks are determined to achieve the minimum total power loss while satisfying a set of nonlinear constraints. The accuracy and the performance of the proposed algorithm were performed and compared to other meta-heuristic algorithms reported in the literature. Several tests are applied on two standard test systems, including IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus as well as on the large-scale Tunisian 86-bus system. In addition, a sensitivity analysis has been performed to valid the performance of the CSA in solving the ORPD problem. We demonstrate that the proposed CSA provides a supremacy results and statistically significant in solving ORPD problems (for IEEE-14 bus p < 0.0006 , for IEEE-30 bus p < 0.006 , and for Tunisian 86-bus p < 0.0000001 ).

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50

Karuppiah, N., S. Muthubalaji, S. Ravivarman, Md Asif i Abhishek Mandal. "Enhancing the performance of Transmission Lines by FACTS Devices using GSA and BFOA Algorithms". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 4.6 (25.09.2018): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.6.20463.

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Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System devices have numerous applications in electrical transmission lines like improvement of voltage stability, reactive power compensation, congestion management, Available Transfer Capacity enhancement, real power loss reduction, voltage profile improvement and much more. The effectiveness of these FACTS devices is enhanced by the placement of these devices in the transmission lines. The placement is based on transmission line sensitivity factors such as Bus voltage stability index and line voltage stability index. This research article focuses on optimizing the location, number and ratings of FACTS devices using Evolutionary Algorithms like Bacterial Foraging Algorithm and Gravitational search algorithm. FACTS devices such as Static Var Compensator, Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor and Unified Power Flow Controller are placed on IEEE 14 bus and IEEE 30 bus systems for reducing the real power loss in the transmission system. The results show that the performance of the transmission lines is enhanced more using Bacterial Foraging Algorithm than Gravitational Search Algorithm.

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