Artykuły w czasopismach: „IDBD”

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Yang, I. S., C. Ryu, K. J. Cho, J. K. Kim, S. H. Ong, W. P. Mitchell, B. S. Kim, H. B. Oh i K. H. Kim. "IDBD: Infectious Disease Biomarker Database". Nucleic Acids Research 36, Database (23.12.2007): D455—D460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkm925.

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Liu, Ying, Yan Ye i Chun Guang Li. "Sparse Incremental Delta-Bar-Delta for System Identification". Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (październik 2014): 643–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.643.

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Metalearning algorithm learns the base learning algorithm, targeted for improving the performance of the learning system. The incremental delta-bar-delta (IDBD) algorithm is such a metalearning algorithm. On the other hand, sparse algorithms are gaining popularity due to their good performance and wide applications. In this paper, we propose a sparse IDBD algorithm by taking the sparsity of the systems into account. Thenorm penalty is contained in the cost function of the standard IDBD, which is equivalent to adding a zero attractor in the iterations, thus can speed up convergence if the system of interest is indeed sparse. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is superior to the competing algorithms in sparse system identification.

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Ge, Yuanjing, Guangqiu Zhang, Wenjie Yang i Zhifa Zhao. "Investigation on characteristics of IDBD plasma". Surface and Coatings Technology 131, nr 1-3 (wrzesień 2000): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(00)00774-x.

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Wang, Shihan, Tao Chen i Hongjian Wang. "IDBD-Based Beamforming Algorithm for Improving the Performance of Phased Array Radar in Nonstationary Environments". Sensors 23, nr 6 (17.03.2023): 3211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063211.

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Adaptive array processing technology for a phased array radar is usually based on the assumption of a stationary environment; however, in real-world scenarios, nonstationary interference and noise deteriorate the performance of the traditional gradient descent algorithm, in which the learning rate of the tap weights is fixed, leading to errors in the beam pattern and a reduced output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, we use the incremental delta-bar-delta (IDBD) algorithm, which has been widely used for system identification problems in nonstationary environments, to control the time-varying learning rates of the tap weights. The designed iteration formula for the learning rate ensures that the tap weights adaptively track the Wiener solution. The results of numerical simulations show that in a nonstationary environment, the traditional gradient descent algorithm with a fixed learning rate has a distorted beam pattern and reduced output SNR; however, the IDBD-based beamforming algorithm, in which a secondary control mechanism is used to adaptively update the learning rates, showed a similar beam pattern and output SNR to a traditional beamformer in a Gaussian white noise background; that is, the main beam and null satisfied the pointing constraints, and the optimal output SNR was obtained. Although the proposed algorithm contains a matrix inversion operation, which has considerable computational complexity, this operation could be replaced by the Levinson–Durbin iteration due to the Toeplitz characteristic of the matrix; therefore, the computational complexity could be decreased to O(n), so additional computing resources are not required. Moreover, according to some intuitive interpretations, the reliability and stability of the algorithm are guaranteed.

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Agrawal, Anup, i Tareque Nasser. "Corporate Financial and Investment Policies in the Presence of a Blockholder on the Board". Quarterly Journal of Finance 08, nr 03 (7.08.2018): 1850012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201013921850012x.

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We examine the relation between the presence of an independent director who is a blockholder (IDB) and corporate policies, risk-taking, and market valuation. After accounting for endogeneity, firms with an IDB have significantly (1) lower levels of cash holdings, payout and research and development (R&D) expenditures, (2) higher levels of capital expenditures, and (3) lower risk. The market appears to value IDB presence and the associated decrease in dividend yield. About 75% of the IDBs in our sample are individual investors, who drive most of our results. Our findings suggest that IDB presence plays a valuable role in shaping some corporate policies and allocating corporate resources.

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Kim, Hwa Seob, Hyunkyu Lee, Dongsoo Jang, Donghoi Kim i Chinkyo Kim. "Inversion domain boundary structure of laterally overgrown c-GaN domains including the inversion from Ga to N polarity at a mask pattern boundary". Journal of Applied Crystallography 51, nr 6 (25.10.2018): 1551–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057671801350x.

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During epitaxial lateral overgrowth, the lateral polarity inversion of c-GaN domains from Ga to N polarity, triggered at the boundary of an SiO2 mask pattern, resulted in inversion domain boundaries (IDBs) forming preferentially on the \{11{\overline 2}0\} plane, although the formation energy of IDBs on the \{1{\overline 1}00\} plane is known to be lower than that on the \{11{\overline 2}0\} plane. A model that takes a geometrical factor into consideration can explain this preferential tendency of IDB formation on the \{11{\overline 2}0\} plane, and computational simulations based on the proposed model are consistent with experimental results. In contrast with the vertically upright IDBs observed in N-to-Ga polarity inversion, vertically slanted IDBs were formed in some samples during the inversion from Ga to N polarity. These polarity inversions, which appeared to randomly occur on the mask pattern, turned out to be triggered at the mask pattern boundaries.

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Najjar, Fallah H., Kifah T. Khudhair, Zaid Nidhal Khudhair, Haneen H. Alwan i Ameer Al-khaykan. "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia image segmentation based on modified HSV model". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2432, nr 1 (1.02.2023): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2432/1/012020.

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Abstract Image segmentation is a critical step in computer-aided diagnosis that could speed up Leukemia detection. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood that has a reputation for being particularly lethal. Based on the immunohistochemical method, the leukocytes can be manually counted in a stained peripheral blood smear image to detect Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). Regrettably, the manual diagnosis process takes about 3 to 24 hours to complete, which is insufficient. This paper introduced a new and straightforward ALL image segmentation approach based on color image transformation. First, Leukemia, ALL-IDB1, ALL-IDB2, and ALL image datasets were used in this paper. The Leukemia dataset includes 208 ALL-IDB1 and ALL-IDB2 images, while The ALL dataset has 3256 images. Next, we use the HSV model to transform ALL images. In addition, we modified the HSV model by pre-processing the saturation channel for better results. Then, the pre-processed images were segmented based on a fixed threshold. After that, various metrics are utilized to measure the output of the proposed method. Finally, the proposed methodology is compared to currently used benchmarks. The proposed method outperforms previous approaches regarding accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and time. In addition, results show that the proposed technique improves performance measures significantly.

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Agrawal, Anup, i Tareque Nasser. "Blockholders on Boards and CEO Compensation, Turnover and Firm Valuation". Quarterly Journal of Finance 09, nr 03 (lipiec 2019): 1950010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139219500101.

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We find that the presence of independent directors who are blockholders (IDBs) in firms promotes better CEO contracting and monitoring, and higher firm valuation. Using a panel of about 11,500 firm-years with a unique, hand-collected dataset on IDB-identity and a novel instrument, we find that firms with IDBs have lower excess CEO pay, lower flow and stock of CEO equity incentives, and higher valuations. These effects are substantial and robust. Our findings imply that by making it easier for blockholders to obtain a board seat, proxy access rules or bylaws can benefit shareholders.

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Anti, Emmanuel, i Tero Vartiainen. "Explanations of Insider Deviant Behavior in Information Security: A Systematic Literature Review". Communications of the Association for Information Systems 55, nr 1 (2024): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1cais.05501.

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Insider deviant behavior (IDB) in information security (IS) poses significant threats to public and private organizations. To enhance our understanding of IDB, we conducted a systematic review of existing literature, analyzing theories from the fields of criminology (e.g., Deterrence Theory), sociology (e.g., Social Control Theory), and psychology (e.g., Neutralization Techniques) utilized in IS research on IDB. We identified 46 theories from these disciplines, which we categorized into four main groups: psychological and behavioral, organizational, sociocultural, and decision-making. Additionally, we classified their constructs into eight key factors. Further, ten IDBs frequently studied in IS were identified. Our analysis identified relationships among these theories emphasizing shared concepts that improve our comprehension of IDB. These relationships and their implications for theory and practice are discussed offering insights into the multifaceted nature of insider deviance and the diverse theoretical lenses through which they can be examined. This review not only consolidates existing knowledge but also lays the groundwork for future research in effectively addressing insider deviant behavior.

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Galandarova, Ummuhabiba Mahammadtaghi. "THE DIRECTIONS OF ACTIVITIES OF BRICS NEW DEVELOPMENT BANK IN FINANCING INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES". AUDIT 2023, nr 4 (17.10.2023): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.59610/bbu4.2023.4.3.

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The purpose of the research is to examine the role of the BRICS New Development Bank (NDB) in financing infrastructure projects in developing economies. The methodology of the research - the study uses a comprehensive approach combining quantitative analysis of financial data, qualitative assessment of project outcomes, and review of collaborative efforts with other multilateral institutions. The practical importance of the research is to clarify the practical relevance of IDB financing strategies by shedding light on how they affect economic growth and sustainability. The results of the research - this study also confirms that IDB financing has a transformative effect, demonstrates positive results in economic growth, and adheres to project sustainability and sustainability goals. The originality and scientific novelty of the research - this study contributes to the academic discourse by offering a nuanced examination of the role of IDBs in infrastructure financing. In addition, the study provides new perspectives by examining the response of the IDB to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for digital infrastructure and healthcare development.

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Ganushkina, N. Yu, T. I. Pulkkinen, M. V. Kubyshkina, V. A. Sergeev, E. A. Lvova, T. A. Yahnina, A. G. Yahnin i T. Fritz. "Proton isotropy boundaries as measured on mid- and low-altitude satellites". Annales Geophysicae 23, nr 5 (28.07.2005): 1839–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-23-1839-2005.

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Abstract. Polar CAMMICE MICS proton pitch angle distributions with energies of 31-80 keV were analyzed to determine the locations where anisotropic pitch angle distributions (perpendicular flux dominating) change to isotropic distributions. We compared the positions of these mid-altitude isotropic distribution boundaries (IDB) for different activity conditions with low-altitude isotropic boundaries (IB) observed by NOAA 12. Although the obtained statistical properties of IDBs were quite similar to those of IBs, a small difference in latitudes, most pronounced on the nightside and dayside, was found. We selected several events during which simultaneous observations in the same local time sector were available from Polar at mid-altitudes, and NOAA or DMSP at low-altitudes. Magnetic field mapping using the Tsyganenko T01 model with the observed solar wind input parameters showed that the low- and mid-altitude isotropization boundaries were closely located, which leads us to suggest that the Polar IDB and low-altitude IBs are related. Furthermore, we introduced a procedure to control the difference between the observed and model magnetic field to reduce the large scatter in the mapping. We showed that the isotropic distribution boundary (IDB) lies in the region where Rc/ρ~6, that is at the boundary of the region where the non-adiabatic pitch angle scattering is strong enough. We therefore conclude that the scattering in the large field line curvature regions in the nightside current sheet is the main mechanism producing isotropization for the main portion of proton population in the tail current sheet. This mechanism controls the observed positions of both IB and IDB boundaries. Thus, this tail region can be probed, in its turn, with observations of these isotropy boundaries. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (Energetic particles, Precipitating; Magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; Magnetotail)

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Keetley, Andrew, i David R. Moles. "A Clinical Audit into the Success Rate of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Analgesia in General Dental Practice". Primary Dental Care os8, nr 4 (październik 2001): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/135576101322462174.

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Aims and objectives The aim of this study was to produce some observational evidence of the success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block (IDB) analgesia that is achieved in general dental practice. The objective was to help provide some measure of expected failure rates and help dental practitioners in their self-appraisal of this crucial basic skill. Method Up to 100 consecutive IDB analgesia procedures for four dentists were recorded. In a subdivision of this study 200 consecutive IDBs for a fifth dentist were recorded. This dentist had the greatest experience of giving IDB analgesia of the dentists in this study. In this part of the study the dentist made a note if he anticipated that the procedure would fail. The reason for this was that it was felt that experienced dental practitioners could predict when failure was about to occur. The level of facial nerve palsy was also recorded. Results Overall, 533 of 580 (91.9%) local anaesthetic administrations were deemed to be successful. The only factor that significantly affected the likelihood of success was the practitioner administering the local anaesthetic, and this was only borderline statistically significant. In order to be certain that the other factors did not affect the outcome, the data were re-analysed using the technique of Poisson regression. This technique investigated the effects of each of the factors in turn while controlling for the differences in success that can be attributed to the different practitioners. The regression analyses also did not detect any differences in success that could be attributed to any of the other recorded factors. The incidence of facial palsy was 0.3%. Conclusion This paper gives an insight into the possible success rates to be encountered by general dental practitioners when they administer IDB analgesia. The only recorded factor that could be shown to affect the chance of a successful local analgesic was the operator. The incidence of facial nerve palsy at 0.3% may be more common than has previously been considered.

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Leavy, Olive. "Conjugating enzyme IDed". Nature Reviews Immunology 6, nr 9 (wrzesień 2006): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nri1930.

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Jayvantbhai, Vyas Bhuvan, i Dr Vijay Pithadia. "Productivity in Service Sector: Sbi & Idbi Bank". Indian Journal of Applied Research 2, nr 2 (1.10.2011): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/nov2012/40.

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Magistretti, M. J., i G. Pifferi. "IdB-1027". Drugs of the Future 14, nr 3 (1989): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.1989.014.03.85083.

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Pifferi, G., A. Platel i N. L. Brown. "IdB-1028". Drugs of the Future 14, nr 9 (1989): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.1989.014.09.103402.

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Malandrino, S., i G. Pifferi. "IdB-1016". Drugs of the Future 15, nr 3 (1990): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.1990.015.03.115231.

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Liu, Changqing, i Haili Yuan. "Principal Factors Affecting IDBT Evolution". Journal of Service Science and Management 04, nr 04 (2011): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2011.44050.

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Norman-Nott, Nell, Chelsey Wilks, Negin Hesam-Shariati, Jessica Schroeder, Jina Suh, Mary Czerwinski i Sylvia Maria Gustin. "Efficacy of the iDBT-Pain skills training intervention to reduce emotional dysregulation and pain intensity in people with chronic pain: protocol for a single-case experimental design with multiple baselines". BMJ Open 11, nr 4 (kwiecień 2021): e041745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041745.

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IntroductionDifficulties in emotional regulation are key to the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Recent evidence shows internet-delivered dialectic behaviour therapy (iDBT) skills training can reduce emotional dysregulation and pain intensity. However, further studies are needed to provide more definitive evidence regarding the efficacy of iDBT skills training in the chronic pain population.Methods and analysisA single-case experimental design (SCED) with multiple baselines will be used to examine the efficacy of a 4-week iDBT-Pain skills training intervention (iDBT-Pain intervention) to reduce emotional dysregulation and pain intensity in individuals with chronic pain. The iDBT-Pain intervention encompasses two components: (1) iDBT-Pain skills training sessions (iDBT-Pain sessions) and (2) the iDBT-Pain skills training web application (iDBT-Pain app). Three individuals with chronic pain will be recruited and randomly allocated to different baseline phases (5, 9 or 12 days). Following the baseline phase, participants will receive six 60–90 min iDBT-Pain sessions approximately 4 or 5 days apart, delivered by a psychologist via Zoom. To reinforce learnings from the iDBT-Pain sessions, participants will have unlimited use of the iDBT-Pain app. A 7-day follow-up phase (maintenance) will follow the intervention, whereby the iDBT-Pain sessions cease but the iDBT-Pain app is accessible. Emotional regulation, as the primary outcome measure, will be assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Pain intensity, as the secondary outcome measure, will be assessed using a visual analogue scale. Generalisation measures will assess psychological state factors (depression, anxiety and coping behaviour), alongside sleep quality, well-being and harm avoidance. SCEDs are increasingly considered effective designs for internet-delivered psychological interventions because SCED enables the investigation of interindividual variability in a heterogeneous population such as chronic pain.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by the University of New South Wales (HC200199). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12620000604909.

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Dai, Kejie, i Xuan Zhao. "Design on a Novel Titanium Dioxide Irregularly Distributed Bragg Reflector for Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, nr 8 (1.08.2020): 5096–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18494.

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Titanium dioxide, which leads an excellent optical performance, is proposed to design irregularly distributed Bragg reflector (IDBR) through theoretical simulation as well as experimental verification. Firstly, a primary distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) model with the titanium dioxide serving as low reflection layer in, and amorphous silicon as high reflection layer is analyzed. The titanium dioxide DBR shows much enhanced reflection bandwidth relative to the DBR with silicon dioxide. A further study suggests that a traditional titanium dioxide IDBR demonstrate much enhanced performance versus the silicon dioxide IDBR with similar structure. Besides, the reflection bandwidth of the IDBR, especially in the high wavelength range, is dramatically promoted with respect to the DBR. Finally, a novel gradient IDBR model is developed. The simulation results reveal a higher reflection bandwidth of the titanium dioxide gradient IDBR than the silicon dioxide one. The reflectance of the titanium dioxide gradient IDBR is up to 90% in a range by 300 to 1450 nm. And, the reflection bandwidth of the gradient IDBR is much improved respect to the traditional IDBR. It seems that the titanium dioxide gradient IDBR could be an efficient selection for the thin film silicon solar cells. Finally, the gradient IDBR were fabricated via plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) on a silicon wafer. A further test demonstrates a reflectance over 95% in the range from 400 to 1400 nm, and verifies the simulation results.

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Liu, Jue, i Ken Nah. "Using CIPP Model Evaluation for Interdisciplinary Design Curriculum in IDBM Program at Aalto University". JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY DESIGN CULTURE 27, nr 1 (31.03.2021): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18208/ksdc.2020.27.1.247.

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Januar, Ralditiya Rifki, Nurul Hana i Haifa Kinanti. "Identifying Simultaneous Equation Modelling for the Digital Competitiveness Index (IDSD) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in their Influence on Economic Digitalization". Equity: Jurnal Ekonomi 12, nr 1 (1.07.2024): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/equity.v12i1.310.

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Technological advances are causing rapid and comprehensive changes, especially in the digital economy sector. The strength of a society's digital competitiveness is an important asset to support the growth of the national digital economy and attract foreign direct investment. This study aims to identify the simultaneous relationship between the Digital Competitiveness Index (IDSD) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The method used is Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) to overcome endogeneity problems in existing regression models, using STATA 17 software for calculations. The data analyzed are panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia for 4 years (2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023). The analysis shows that in the FDI model, IDSD, GRDP growth rate, and non-oil and gas exports have a significant effect on FDI. However, in the IDSD model, FDI has no significant effect on IDSD, while fintech lending and ICT capability of the community have a significant effect on IDSD. Based on the results, there is no simultaneous relationship between FDI and IDSD.

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Gupta, Dr O. P., i Sandeep Vyas. "A Financial Analysis of IDBI Bank". IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance 5, nr 6 (2014): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/5933-05620105.

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Potera, Carol. "IDBS Now Offers Personalized Medicine Tools". Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 31, nr 11 (czerwiec 2011): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.31.11.03.

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Saak, Christina C., i Karine A. Gibbs. "The Self-Identity Protein IdsD Is Communicated between Cells in Swarming Proteus mirabilis Colonies". Journal of Bacteriology 198, nr 24 (26.09.2016): 3278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00402-16.

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ABSTRACT Proteus mirabilis is a social bacterium that is capable of self (kin) versus nonself recognition. Swarming colonies of this bacterium expand outward on surfaces to centimeter-scale distances due to the collective motility of individual cells. Colonies of genetically distinct populations remain separate, while those of identical populations merge. Ids proteins are essential for this recognition behavior. Two of these proteins, IdsD and IdsE, encode identity information for each strain. These two proteins bind in vitro in an allele-restrictive manner. IdsD-IdsE binding is correlated with the merging of populations, whereas a lack of binding is correlated with the separation of populations. Key questions remained about the in vivo interactions of IdsD and IdsE, specifically, whether IdsD and IdsE bind within single cells or whether IdsD-IdsE interactions occur across neighboring cells and, if so, which of the two proteins is exchanged. Here we demonstrate that IdsD must originate from another cell to communicate identity and that this nonresident IdsD interacts with IdsE resident in the recipient cell. Furthermore, we show that unbound IdsD in recipient cells does not cause cell death and instead appears to contribute to a restriction in the expansion radius of the swarming colony. We conclude that P. mirabilis communicates IdsD between neighboring cells for nonlethal kin recognition, which suggests that the Ids proteins constitute a type of cell-cell communication. IMPORTANCE We demonstrate that self (kin) versus nonself recognition in P. mirabilis entails the cell-cell communication of an identity-encoding protein that is exported from one cell and received by another. We further show that this intercellular exchange affects swarm colony expansion in a nonlethal manner, which adds social communication to the list of potential swarm-related regulatory factors.

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Qiao, Lei, Lihai Chen, Yiwen Li, Weizhuo Hua, Ping Wang i You Cui. "Predictions of Aeroengines’ Infrared Radiation Characteristics Based on HKELM Optimized by the Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer". Sensors 24, nr 6 (7.03.2024): 1734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24061734.

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To solve the problems of high computational cost and the long time required by the simulation and calculation of aeroengines’ exhaust systems, a method of predicting the characteristics of infrared radiation based on the hybrid kernel extreme learning machine (HKELM) optimized by the improved dung beetle optimizer (IDBO) was proposed. Firstly, the Levy flight strategy and variable spiral strategy were introduced to improve the optimization performance of the dung beetle optimizer (DBO) algorithm. Secondly, the superiority of IDBO algorithm was verified by using 23 benchmark functions. In addition, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to evaluate the experimental results, which proved the superiority of the IDBO algorithm over other current prominent metaheuristic algorithms. Finally, the hyperparameters of HKELM were optimized by the IDBO algorithm, and the IDBO-HKELM model was applied to the prediction of characteristics of infrared radiation of a typical axisymmetric nozzle. The results showed that the RMSE and MAE of the IDBO-HKELM model were 20.64 and 8.83, respectively, which verified the high accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method for predictions of aeroengines’ infrared radiation characteristics.

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Goswami, Manish. "A Study of Liquidity Ratios: With Special reference to IDBI Bank". International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, nr 10 (5.10.2023): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr231005231158.

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Song, Mengxiong, Chi Zhang, Yongtao Zhang, Wang Chao, Lin Zhang, Derong Xu, Kai Zhu, Guanghui Li, Han Zhao i Xuexiao Ma. "Effect of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) on the Degeneration of Intervertebral Discs by Regulating Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B Cells/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (NF-fcB/mTOR) Signaling Pathway". Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 11, nr 7 (1.07.2021): 1358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbt.2021.2699.

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Intervertebral disc degenerative disease (IDDD) is common in orthopedics. TGF-β involves in inflammation and tissue repair. But its role in IDDD remains unclear. IDDD patients and normal intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus tissues were collected. IDDD was divided into prominent group and prolapse group. IDDD nucleus pulposus cells were isolated and divided into control group, TGF-β agonist group and TGF-β inhibitor group followed by analysis of cell proliferation by MTT, cell apoptosis by flow cytometry BALP and OC expression by Real time PCR, NF-/<B/mTOR signaling protein expression by Western blot as well as IL-1 and IL-6 secretion by ELISA. Compared with normal group, TGF-β mRNA and serum level in patients with IDDD was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), with more significant changes in prolapse group (P < 0.01). Pfirrmann grading scores were negatively correlated with TGF-β serum level (P < 0.001). TGF-β agonists can significantly promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, upregulate BALP and OC expression, inhibit NF-κB expression, increased p-mTOR level and decrease IL-1 and IL-6 secretion (P < 0.05). All these changes were significantly reversed by TGF-β inhibitors (P < 0.05). TGF-β expression in IDDD is reduced and associated with disease severity. Promoting TGF-β expression can inhibit inflammatory factors secretion, promote BALP and OC expression and cell proliferation, and inhibit the degeneration of intervertebral discs by regulating NF-/<B/mTOR signaling.

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PV, Asharani, Edimansyah Abdin, Tan Jun Wen, Mythily Subramaniam, Christopher Cheok i Guo Song. "Correlates of Non-Medical Prescription Drug Misuse Among a Treatment-Seeking Population: A Comparison with Illicit Drug Users". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, nr 9 (11.09.2018): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091978.

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Prescription drugs (PD) undoubtedly help people with various physical or psychiatric ailments. Nevertheless, they are often diverted and misused (use without prescription or for purposes/in ways not intended by the prescriber). This study compared the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of those who misused PDs, used illegal drugs and co-ingested both, to identify those who were at a high risk of misusing these drugs. Retrospective analysis of the treatment outcome monitoring (TOM) data for the period of 2013–2017 identified 1369 subjects for the study; 295 patients presented with PD use disorder (PDUD alone), 811 with illegal drug use disorder (IDUD alone), and 263 had both PDUD and IDUD. The study sample included treatment seeking population (Singaporeans and permanent residents). TOM data included data collected through direct interviews (addiction severity, quality of life) and from the clinical case notes (diagnosis, co-morbidities, socio demographic information, etc.). The most commonly misused prescription and illegal drugs were benzodiazepines (63.1%) and heroin (63.4%), respectively. Those who co-ingested both PD and illegal drugs (PDUD+IDUD) had a significantly higher addiction severity score, lower quality of life and higher psychiatric co-morbidities than that of IDUD alone at baseline. When compared to Chinese patients, Malay and Indian patients had lower odds (p < 0.05) of PDUD alone and PDUD+IDUD than Chinese patients; divorcees had higher odds of PDUD+IDUD than those who were married. Those with primary and secondary qualifications had higher odds (2.1 and 2.9 times, respectively) of PDUD+IDUD than those with tertiary qualification and those in managerial or professional roles had higher odds of PDUD alone than those who were unemployed. Gender, ethnicity, marital status, education and occupational classes were associated with PDUD and IDUD. These characteristics can be helpful to identify those who are at the risk of PDUD and incorporate strict prescription monitoring to their care.

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Böhm, Peter, Jordi Peña-Casanova, Miquel Aguilar, Gonzalo Hernández, Josep M. Sol i Rafael Blesa. "Clinical Validity and Utility of the Interview for Deterioration of Daily Living in Dementia for Spanish-Speaking Communities". International Psychogeriatrics 10, nr 3 (wrzesień 1998): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610298005377.

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The assessment of activities of daily living is a central procedure in the diagnosis of dementia. Few instruments in the field allow for early detection of functional decline because the items they use refer mainly to basic activities of daily living (BADL), which do not become compromised until later in the disease process. The Interview for Deterioration of Daily Living in Dementia (IDDD) may be a valuable tool for early detection of functional decline because it includes, apart from a BADL subscale, another subscale containing a variety of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), which are the first to be affected in dementing processes. We present an adaptation and validation of the IDDD for Spanish-speaking communities (S-IDDD). A total of 254 control subjects (CONT), 86 patients with mild memory/cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND), and 111 patients diagnosed with probable dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) participated in this project. IDDD total scores (mean and SD) were as follow: CONT: 33.1 (0.4); CIND: 35.2 (3.4); DAT: 54.3 (18.6). The present validation showed no sociodemographic effects on the IDDD total scores. The IDDD demonstrated great internal consistency (α = .985) and reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient = .94). Correlations were high (r = .81; p < .1) when they took into account the whole sample, but decreased significantly when the groups were separated by pathologic condition. The scale showed significant differences between DAT versus CIND and CONT. The IADL subscale differentiated all three groups, which makes it extremely valuable for early detection of functional decline. The present study shows that the S-IDDD is a reliable adaptation of the of the original IDDD scale and may be used successfully in Spanish populations for staging and follow-up of subjects with dementia.

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Bakhach, Amer, Venkata Chinthalapati, Edward Tsang i Abdul El Sayed. "Intelligent Dynamic Backlash Agent: A Trading Strategy Based on the Directional Change Framework". Algorithms 11, nr 11 (28.10.2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a11110171.

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The Directional Changes (DC) framework is an approach to summarize price movement in financial time series. Some studies have tried to develop trading strategies based on the DC framework. Dynamic Backlash Agent (DBA) is a trading strategy that has been developed based on the DC framework. Despite the promising results of DBA, DBA employed neither an order size management nor risk management components. In this paper, we present an improved version of DBA named Intelligent DBA (IDBA). IDBA overcomes the weaknesses of DBA as it embraces an original order size management and risk management modules. We examine the performance of IDBA in the forex market. The results suggest that IDBA can provide significantly greater returns than DBA. The results also show that the IDBA outperforms another DC-based trading strategy and that it can generate annualized returns of about 30% after deducting the bid and ask spread (but not the transaction costs).

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Richards, C. A. "From IDB to ITU". British Dental Journal 228, nr 6 (marzec 2020): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-1440-y.

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Beenken, Matthias. "Beratungspflichten - IDD versus VVG". Versicherungsmagazin 67, nr 4 (27.03.2020): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35128-020-0304-0.

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Wiewesiek, Wolfgang. "Infotainment using IDB-1394". ATZelektronik worldwide 2, nr 3 (wrzesień 2007): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03242133.

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Wiewesiek, Wolfgang. "Infotainment mit IDB-1394". ATZelektronik 2, nr 3 (wrzesień 2007): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03223871.

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Rudolf, Bernhard. "IDD-Entwurf entzweit Verbände". Versicherungsmagazin 64, nr 1 (20.12.2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35128-016-0267-3.

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Beenken, Matthias. "Rechtzeitig auf IDD vorbereiten". Versicherungsmagazin 64, nr 3 (marzec 2017): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35128-017-0002-8.

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Gu, Shuangnan, Yayu Yang, Wenchao Shi i Jijian Tong. "Shore Power System Load Forecasting Model based on IDBO algorithm and PCA-BiLSTM Network". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2758, nr 1 (1.04.2024): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2758/1/012012.

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Abstract Shore power offers convenient and sustainable power services to ships docking in ports, playing a pivotal role in advancing environmental preservation and the effective utilization of resources. Shore power system loads are susceptible to numerous influencing factors. Therefore, it is crucial to identify a highly accurate load forecasting model to facilitate the judicious allocation of power resources. A short-term shore power system load forecasting model based on the improved dung beetle optimization algorithm (IDBO) and principal component analysis (PCA) in conjunction with the enhanced bidirectional long and short-term memory (BiLSTM) network is proposed in this paper. The IDBO algorithm improves the problem of low convergence accuracy and vulnerability to local optima in DBO. This is achieved by population initialization based on cubic chaotic mapping, amalgamating walrus optimization algorithm, and adaptive t-distribution perturbation strategy. The performance of the BiLSTM, IDBO-BiLSTM, and PCA-IDBO-BiLSTM shore power system load forecasting models are compared through case studies, revealing that the proposed PCA-IDBO-BiLSTM model demonstrates superior predictive capabilities.

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Haohao, Ma, Azizan As’arry, Wu Xuping, Mohd Idris Shah Ismail, Hafiz Rashidi Ramli, Mohd Sazli Saad i Aidin Delgoshaei. "Improved dung beetle optimization algorithm and finite element analysis for spindle optimization". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 36, nr 1 (1.10.2024): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i1.pp559-569.

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This research introduces an integrated optimization methodology for spindle design, combining the improved dung beetle optimization (IDBO) algorithm with finite element analysis (FEA). The IDBO algorithm, enhanced in population initialization and convergence factors, minimizes total deformation and mass, addressing a multi-objective optimization model. The obtained optimal parameters guide the construction of a finite element model, considering additional factors like stiffness and maximum stress. The ensuing FEA produces a foundation for constructing a response surface, further optimized to refine the initial design. Through the combination of the IDBO algorithm and FEA method, the mass of the spindle is reduced from 46.582 kg obtained by the IDBO algorithm solution to 28.479 kg, a total reduction of 38.86%, while meeting design requirements such as maximum total deformation. Modal analysis up to the sixth order validates the design correctness reveals dynamic spindle behavior and guarantees the design requirements. The study demonstrates the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed IDBO algorithm in conjunction with FEA, providing a versatile framework for engineering optimization.

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Farooq, Umer, Mohib Ullah, Rafi Ullah Khan, Abdullah Alharbi, Muhammad Irfan Uddin, Muhammad Inam Ul Haq i Wael Alosaimi. "IDBR: Iot Enabled Depth Base Routing Method for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network". Journal of Sensors 2021 (8.10.2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7777181.

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Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) gained the attention of researchers due to their substantial applications in various fields. The major application areas of UWSN are environmental monitoring, underwater oil and gas extraction and military surveillance, smart farming, communication, and others. However, UWSNs are also prone to significant issues, such as limited network lifetime, the low processing capability of nodes, high energy consumption to run routing protocols, and difficult node replacement. Therefore, enhancing the lifetime of UWSN by reducing energy consumption and processing is a research issue. In this research, we proposed the IoT enabled depth base routing method (IDBR) to utilize energy efficiently. The performance of the proposed IDBR method is compared with conventional DBR protocol using simulation conducting in MATLAB. The performance of both the methods (i.e., IDBR and DBR) is evaluated in network energy consumption, the number of alive nodes, sink utilization, and end-to-end delay. The simulation-based experiment results show that IDBR consumes 27.7% less energy and increases network stability than the DBR. Similarly, the utilization of the surface sinks in IDBR is more as compared to DBR as in IDBR, and sinks work as relay forward data to the base station without processing which increases the power of field nodes. The proposed mechanism improves the network’s lifetime and increases the accessibility and security of the sensed data.

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Wang, Wei, Xinchao Cui, Yun Qi, Kailong Xue, Ran Liang i Chenhao Bai. "Prediction Model of Coal Gas Permeability Based on Improved DBO Optimized BP Neural Network". Sensors 24, nr 9 (30.04.2024): 2873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24092873.

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Accurate measurement of coal gas permeability helps prevent coal gas safety accidents effectively. To predict permeability more accurately, we propose the IDBO-BPNN coal body gas permeability prediction model. This model combines the Improved Dung Beetle algorithm (IDBO) with the BP neural network (BPNN). First, the Sine chaotic mapping, Osprey optimization algorithm, and adaptive T-distribution dynamic selection strategy are integrated to enhance the DBO algorithm and improve its global search capability. Then, IDBO is utilized to optimize the weights and thresholds in BPNN to enhance its prediction accuracy and mitigate the risk of overfitting to some extent. Secondly, based on the influencing factors of gas permeability, effective stress, gas pressure, temperature, and compressive strength, they are chosen as the coupling indicators. The SPSS 27 software is used to analyze the correlation among the indicators using the Pearson correlation coefficient matrix. Additionally, the Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) is employed to extract the original data. Then, the original data is divided into principal component data for the model input. The prediction results of the IDBO-BPNN model are compared with those of the PSO-BPNN, PSO-LSSVM, PSO-SVM, MPA-BPNN, WOA-SVM, BES-SVM, and DPO-BPNN models. This comparison assesses the capability of KPCA to enhance the accuracy of model predictions and the performance of the IDBO-BPNN model. Finally, the IDBO-BPNN model is tested using data from a coal mine in Shanxi. The results indicate that the predicted outcome closely aligns with the actual value, confirming the reliability and stability of the model. Therefore, the IDBO-BPNN model is better suited for predicting coal gas permeability in academic research writing.

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Owens, Bronwyn M., Li Yu, Ulrich Steidl, Jeffrey L. Kutok, Linda K. Clayton, Katharina Wagner, Hiromi Iwasaki i in. "Identification of ID4 as a Cooperating Second Hit for T Cell Lymphoma Development in PU.1 UREΔ/Δ Mice." Blood 106, nr 11 (16.11.2005): 2613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.2613.2613.

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Abstract The transcription factor PU.1 is a key regulator of hematopoiesis and is essential for normal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function and myeloid and lymphoid differentiation. Knockout mice are embryonic or neonatal lethal and exhibit an early differentiation block at the transition from HSC to CMP and CLP. Mice with a deletion of a critical upstream regulatory element (URE) at −14kb has been deleted exhibited decreased PU.1 expression in HSC, progenitors and B cells to 20% of normal levels. In contrast, an increase of PU.1 expression was detected in early thymic progenitors. UREΔ/Δ animals exhibited a block in normal thymocyte differentiation and frequently progressed to fatal T cell lymphomas between 3 and 8 months of age. Tumors were clonal and transplantable into NOD-SCID recipients. Since aberrant PU.1 expression constituted the initiating mutation, we sought to identify cooperating mutations contributing to tumor development by surveying the genome for hypermethylated promoter regions using restriction landmark global scanning. Methylation patterns revealed a characteristic epigenetic footprint leading to selective tumor suppressor gene silencing in transformation of lymphoid but not myeloid UREΔ/Δ progenitors, since DNA methylation was significantly lower in the AML samples compared with lymphomas. One of the corresponding methylated genes that was silenced in all lymphomas analyzed but none of the AMLs was identified as Idb4 (encoding ID4, inhibitor of DNA binding 4). This observation is consistent with data describing ID4 as a strong tumor suppressor gene which is frequently silenced in neoplasms. The expression of Idb4 in 6 additional lymphomas was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and showed a strong correlation between promoter hypermethylation and Idb4 downregulation. To test whether Idb4 silencing through promoter hypermethylation can be pharmacologically reversed, a UREΔ/Δ lymphoma cell line was established and treated with 5-aza-2′deoxycytidine. We found that Idb4 expression was restored to normal levels following increasing concentrations of this demethylating agent. Finally, we analyzed the functional relevance of the Idb4 downregulation by restoring Idb4 expression in the UREΔ/Δ tumor line. UREΔ/Δ lymphoma cells reexpressing Idb4 had a marked reduction in both the in vitro growth rate and the ability to cause tumors after transplantation into NOD/SCID recipient mice, indicating that Idb4 is a potent suppressor of UREΔ/Δ thymic tumorigenicity. Taken together, we provide evidence that epigenetic DNA modifications contribute significantly and selectively to lymphoid transformation in UREΔ/Δ mice, and suggest a role for Idb4 repression as a second event in PU.1-initiated transformation of lymphoid precursors.

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Haldar, R. N. "International Day of Persons with Disabilities (IDPD)". Indian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 27, nr 4 (2016): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/ijopmr-27-4-97.

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Sterling, John. "IDBS Set to Optimize Bioprocesses at Lonza". Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News 31, nr 4 (15.02.2011): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gen.31.04.16.

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Erickson, Steven R., Tanima Basu, Michael P. Dorsch i Neil Kamdar. "Disparities in the Use of Guideline-Based Pharmacotherapy Exist for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure Patients Who Have Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities in a Commercially Insured Database". Annals of Pharmacotherapy 54, nr 10 (27.04.2020): 958–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028020916842.

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Background: Patients who have intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDDs) develop atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) or heart failure (HF) at rates similar to or higher than the general population. They also face disparities accessing and using health care services. Objective: To determine if disparities exist in the use of guideline-based pharmacotherapy (GBP) for ASCVD or HF for adults with IDD. Methods: Using the 2014 Clinformatics Data Mart Database, adults with ASCVD or HF were divided into IDD or non-IDD groups. Patients with contraindications for GBP medications were excluded. Use of GBP between IDD and non-IDD groups was examined. Subgroup analysis included comparisons between IDD groups. Results: For HF, 1011 patients with IDD and 236,638 non-IDD patients were identified. For ASCVD, 2190 IDD and 790,343 non-IDD patients were identified. We found that 47.9%, 35.8%, and 13.1% of IDD and 58.7%, 48.4%, and 18.9% of non-IDD patients had pharmacy claims for statins ( P < 0.001), β-blockers ( P < 0.001), or antiplatelet therapy ( P < 0.001), respectively. For HF, 46.8% and 50.3% of IDD and 59.8% and 55.4% of non-IDD patients had pharmacy claims for β-blockers (P < 0.001) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs; P = 0.003), respectively. In all but one multivariate regression models patients with IDD were less likely to use GBP than patients in the non-IDD group. Subgroup analysis revealed that patients who had Down syndrome had lower GBP use in 4 of the 5 measures. Conclusion and Relevance: Disparities exist in the use of GBP for patients with IDD with ASCVD or HF. Patients who have an IDD should be examined by clinicians to ensure appropriate access to and use of GBP.

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Gray, Megan, Elizabeth Rogawski, Michael W. Scheld i Rebecca Dillingham. "1022. Rising Rates of Injection Drug Use Associated Infective Endocarditis in Virginia With Missed Opportunities for Injection Drug Use Disorder Treatment Referral: A Retrospective Cohort Study". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (listopad 2018): S304—S305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.859.

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Abstract Background Injection drug use disorder (IDD) is a growing public health threat in Virginia, although there is limited knowledge of related morbidity. The purpose of this study was to describe the temporal, geographic, and clinical trends and characteristics of infective endocarditis associated with IDD (IDD-IE) and to identify opportunities for better-quality care of people with IDD. Methods We reviewed charts for all admissions coded for both IE and drug use disorders at the University of Virginia Medical Center (UVA) from January 2000 to July 2016. A random sample of 30 admissions coded for IE per year were reviewed to evaluate temporal trends in the proportion of IDD associated IE cases. Results There were a total of 76 patients with IDD-IE during the study period, with a 7-fold increase in cases of IDD-IE from the early 2000s to 2016. The proportion of IE that was IDD-associated increased by nearly 10% each year (prevalence ratio of IDD per year: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05–1.14). Patients with IDDIE had longer hospital stays [median days (interquartile range); IDD-IE, 17 (10–29); non-IDD-IE, 10 (6–18); P = 0.001] with almost twice the cost of admission as those without IDD [median (interquartile range); IDD-IE, $47,899 ($24,578–78,144); non-IDD-IE, $26,460 ($10,220–60,059); P = 0.001]. In 52% of cases, there was no documentation of any discussion regarding addiction treatment. Conclusion IDD-IE cases are increasing in Virginia leading to higher morbidity and healthcare costs. IDD-IE may provide an opportunity for the delivery of IDD treatment, counseling, and harm reduction strategies. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Wang, Zhen, Shuaiyu Wang i Yiyang Cheng. "Fault Feature Extraction of Parallel-Axis Gearbox Based on IDBO-VMD and t-SNE". Applied Sciences 14, nr 1 (28.12.2023): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14010289.

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For the problem that the fault states of parallel shaft gearboxes are difficult to identify, a diagnostic method is proposed to optimize variational modal decomposition (VMD) and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) using an improved dung beetle optimization algorithm I have checked and revised all. (IDBO). IDBO is obtained by amplifying dung beetle optimization (DBO) using strategies such as chaos mapping, Levy flight policy, and dynamic adaptive weighting. IDBO is employed to optimize VMD, extracting decomposed eigenvalues restructured into high-dimensional feature vectors. Subsequently, we employ the t-SNE algorithm for dimensionality reduction to eliminate redundancy, obtaining two-dimensional vectors. Finally, these vectors are input into a support vector machine (SVM) for fault diagnosis. We apply IDBO, grey wolf optimization (GWO), DBO, and the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) to both benchmark functions and VMD, conducting a performance comparison. The results demonstrate that IDBO exhibits superior convergence speed and global search capability, effectively suppressing modal aliasing issues in VMD, thereby enhancing the algorithm’s robustness. Through experimental fault diagnosis on a gear transmission system, we compare our proposed method with EMD + t-SNE and traditional VMD + t-SNE feature extraction approaches. The experimental results indicate that the fault diagnosis accuracy reaches 100% after processing the fault signals with IDBO-VMD + t-SNE. This method proves to be an effective fault diagnosis approach specifically tailored for parallel-axis gearboxes, providing a reliable means to enhance diagnostic accuracy.

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Zhang, Runze, i Yujie Zhu. "Predicting the Mechanical Properties of Heat-Treated Woods Using Optimization-Algorithm-Based BPNN". Forests 14, nr 5 (2.05.2023): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14050935.

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This paper aims to enhance the accuracy of predicting the mechanical behavior of wood subjected to thermal modification using an improved dung beetle optimization (IDBO) model. The IDBO algorithm improves the original DBO algorithm via three main steps: (1) using piece-wise linear chaotic mapping (PWLCM) to generate the initial dung beetle species and increase its heterogeneity; (2) adopting an adaptive nonlinear decreasing producer ratio model to control the number of producers and boost the algorithm’s convergence rate; and (3) applying a dimensional learning-enhanced foraging (DLF) search strategy that optimizes the algorithm’s ability to explore and exploit the search space. The IDBO algorithm is evaluated on 14 benchmark functions and outperforms other algorithms. The IDBO algorithm is then applied to optimize a back-propagation (BP) neural network for predicting five mechanical property parameters of heat-treated larch-sawn timber. The results indicate that the IDBO-BP model significantly reduces the error compared with the BP, tent-sparrow search algorithm (TSSA)-BP, grey wolf optimizer (GWO)-BP, nonlinear adaptive grouping grey wolf optimizer (IGWO)-BP and DBO-BP models, demonstrating its superiority in predicting the physical characteristics of lumber after heat treatment.

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Li, Junchi, Junyong Wu i Fei Xiong. "Analysis and Design of Independent DC Bus Structure Multiport Power Electronic Transformer Based on Maximum Power Transmission Capability of Low-Voltage DC Ports". Energies 17, nr 5 (25.02.2024): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17051096.

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Owing to the diverse connection configurations of dual active bridge converters, a multiplicity of low-voltage DC port structures are anticipated to emerge in the independent DC bus structure multiport power electronic transformer (IDBS-MPET). An inadequate low-voltage DC port structure exacerbates the power imbalance in IDBS-MPET, presenting a risk of overmodulation even when transmitting relatively low levels of power. To overcome this limitation, a design scheme of IDBS-MPET topology based on the maximum power transmission capability of the low-voltage DC ports is proposed in this paper. Three topology design rules are derived from the maximum power transmission capability results of more than 80 typical IDBS-MPET topologies. The symmetrical triple cross-phase connection structure, the symmetrical double cross-phase connection structure and the single-phase connection structure are sequentially identified as the three most optimal structures of low-voltage DC ports. By employing the proposed design methodology, each low-voltage DC port achieves its maximum power transfer capability relative to other configurations. The effectiveness of the proposed design scheme is validated by an optimal designed IDBS-MPET topology with six low-voltage DC ports.

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Cornelius, Janet G., Benjamin G. Luttge i Ammon B. Peck. "Antioxidant enzyme activities in IDD-prone and IDD-resistant mice: A comparative study". Free Radical Biology and Medicine 14, nr 4 (kwiecień 1993): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(93)90090-h.

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